simgear/scene/tgdb/SGBuildingBin.cxx

   1 /* -*-c++-*-
   2  *
   3  * Copyright (C) 2012 Stuart Buchanan
   4  *
   5  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   6  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
   8  * License, or (at your option) any later version.
   9  *
  10  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  11  * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  12  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  13  * General Public License for more details.
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  16  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  17  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
  18  * MA 02110-1301, USA.
  19  *
  20  */
  21
  22 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  23 #  include <simgear_config.h>
  24 #endif
  25
  26 #include <algorithm>
  27 #include <vector>
  28 #include <string>
  29 #include <map>
  30
  31 #include <boost/foreach.hpp>
  32 #include <boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp>
  33
  34 #include <osg/Geode>
  35 #include <osg/Geometry>
  36 #include <osg/Math>
  37 #include <osg/MatrixTransform>
  38 #include <osg/Matrix>
  39 #include <osg/ShadeModel>
  40 #include <osg/Material>
  41 #include <osg/CullFace>
  42
  43 #include <osgDB/ReadFile>
  44 #include <osgDB/FileUtils>
  45
  46 #include <simgear/debug/logstream.hxx>
  47 #include <simgear/math/sg_random.h>
  48 #include <simgear/misc/sg_path.hxx>
  49 #include <simgear/scene/material/Effect.hxx>
  50 #include <simgear/scene/material/EffectGeode.hxx>
  51 #include <simgear/scene/model/model.hxx>
  52 #include <simgear/props/props.hxx>
  53 #include <simgear/scene/util/QuadTreeBuilder.hxx>
  54 #include <simgear/scene/util/RenderConstants.hxx>
  55 #include <simgear/scene/util/StateAttributeFactory.hxx>
  56 #include <simgear/structure/OSGUtils.hxx>
  57
  58
  59 #include "ShaderGeometry.hxx"
  60 #include "SGBuildingBin.hxx"
  61
  62 #define SG_BUILDING_QUAD_TREE_DEPTH 2
  63 #define SG_BUILDING_FADE_OUT_LEVELS 4
  64
  65 using namespace osg;
  66
  67 namespace simgear
  68 {
  69
  70 typedef std::map<std::string, osg::observer_ptr<osg::StateSet> > BuildingStateSetMap;
  71 static BuildingStateSetMap statesetmap;
  72
  73 void addBuildingToLeafGeode(Geode* geode, const SGBuildingBin::Building& building)
  74 {
  75       // Generate a repeatable random seed
  76       mt seed;
  77       mt_init(&seed, unsigned(building.position.x()));
  78
  79       // Get or create geometry.
  80       osg::ref_ptr<osg::Geometry> geom;
  81       osg::Vec3Array* v = new osg::Vec3Array;
  82       osg::Vec2Array* t = new osg::Vec2Array;
  83       osg::Vec4Array* c = new osg::Vec4Array; // single value
  84       osg::Vec3Array* n = new osg::Vec3Array;
  85
  86       if (geode->getNumDrawables() == 0) {
  87         geom = new osg::Geometry;
  88         v = new osg::Vec3Array;
  89         t = new osg::Vec2Array;
  90         c = new osg::Vec4Array;
  91         n = new osg::Vec3Array;
  92
  93         // Set the color, which is bound overall, and simply white
  94         c->push_back( osg::Vec4( 1, 1, 1, 1) );
  95         geom->setColorArray(c);
  96         geom->setColorBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_OVERALL);
  97
  98         geom->setNormalBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_PER_VERTEX);
  99         // Temporary primitive set. Will be over-written later.
 100         geom->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS,0,1));
 101         geode->addDrawable(geom);
 102       } else {
 103         geom = (osg::Geometry*) geode->getDrawable(0);
 104         v = (osg::Vec3Array*) geom->getVertexArray();
 105         t = (osg::Vec2Array*) geom->getTexCoordArray(0);
 106         c = (osg::Vec4Array*) geom->getColorArray();
 107         n = (osg::Vec3Array*) geom->getNormalArray();
 108       }
 109
 110       // For the moment we'll create a simple box with 5 sides (no need
 111       // for a base).
 112       int num_quads = 5;
 113
 114       if (building.pitched) {
 115         // If it's a pitched roof, we add another 3 quads (we'll be
 116         // removing the flat top).
 117         num_quads+=3;
 118       }
 119
 120       // Set up the rotation and translation matrix, which we apply to
 121       // vertices as they are created as we'll be adding buildings later.
 122       osg::Matrix transformMat;
 123       transformMat = osg::Matrix::translate(toOsg(building.position));
 124       double hdg =  - building.rotation * M_PI * 2;
 125       osg::Matrix rotationMat = osg::Matrix::rotate(hdg,
 126                                                osg::Vec3d(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
 127       transformMat.preMult(rotationMat);
 128
 129       // Create the vertices
 130       float cw = 0.5f * building.width;
 131       float cd = building.depth;
 132       float ch = building.height;
 133
 134       // 0,0,0 is the bottom center of the front
 135       // face, e.g. where the front door would be
 136
 137
 138       // BASEMENT
 139       // This exteds 10m below the main section
 140       // Front face
 141       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0,  cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 142       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0, -cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 143       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0, -cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top left
 144       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0,  cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top right
 145
 146       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 147         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(-1, 0, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 148
 149       // Left face
 150       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, -cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 151       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 152       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top left
 153       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, -cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top right
 154
 155       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 156         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(0, -1, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 157
 158       // Back face
 159       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 160       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd,  cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 161       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd,  cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top left
 162       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top right
 163
 164       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 165         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(1, 0, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 166
 167       // Right face
 168       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 169       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, cw, -10) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 170       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top left
 171       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, cw,   0) * transformMat ); // top right
 172
 173       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 174         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(0, 1, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 175
 176       // MAIN BODY
 177       // Front face
 178       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0,  cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 179       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0, -cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 180       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0, -cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top left
 181       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0,  cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top right
 182
 183       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 184         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(-1, 0, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 185
 186       // Left face
 187       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, -cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 188       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 189       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top left
 190       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, -cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top right
 191
 192       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 193         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(0, -1, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 194
 195       // Back face
 196       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 197       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd,  cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 198       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd,  cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top left
 199       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top right
 200
 201       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 202         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(1, 0, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 203
 204       // Right face
 205       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 206       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, cw,  0) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 207       v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top left
 208       v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top right
 209
 210       for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 211         n->push_back( osg::Vec3(0, 1, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 212
 213       // ROOF
 214       if (building.pitched) {
 215
 216         // Front pitched roof
 217         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(     0,  cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 218         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(     0, -cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 219         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd, -cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top left
 220         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd,  cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top right
 221
 222         for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 223           n->push_back( osg::Vec3(-0.707, 0, 0.707) * rotationMat ); // normal
 224
 225         // Left pitched roof
 226         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(     0, -cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 227         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(    cd, -cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 228         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd, -cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top left
 229         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd, -cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top right
 230
 231         for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 232           n->push_back( osg::Vec3(0, -1, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 233
 234         // Back pitched roof
 235         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(    cd, -cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 236         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(    cd,  cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 237         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd,  cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top left
 238         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd, -cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top right
 239
 240         for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 241           n->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.707, 0, 0.707) * rotationMat ); // normal
 242
 243         // Right pitched roof
 244         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(    cd, cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 245         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(     0, cw,   ch) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 246         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd, cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top left
 247         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(0.5*cd, cw, ch+3) * transformMat ); // top right
 248
 249         for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 250           n->push_back( osg::Vec3(0, 1, 0) * rotationMat ); // normal
 251       } else {
 252         // Top face
 253         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0,  cw, ch) * transformMat ); // bottom right
 254         v->push_back( osg::Vec3(  0, -cw, ch) * transformMat ); // bottom left
 255         v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd, -cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top left
 256         v->push_back( osg::Vec3( cd,  cw, ch) * transformMat ); // top right
 257
 258         for (int i=0; i<4; ++i)
 259           n->push_back( osg::Vec3( 0, 0, 1) * rotationMat ); // normal
 260       }
 261
 262       // The 1024x1024 texture is split into 32x16 blocks.
 263       // For a small building, each block is 6m wide and 3m high.
 264       // For a medium building, each block is 10m wide and 3m high.
 265       // For a large building, each block is 20m wide and 3m high
 266
 267       if (building.type == SGBuildingBin::SMALL) {
 268         // Small buildings are represented on the bottom 5 rows of 3 floors
 269         int row = ((int) (mt_rand(&seed) * 1000)) % 5;
 270         float base_y = (float) row * 16.0 * 3.0 / 1024.0;
 271         float top_y = base_y + 16.0 * (float) building.floors / 1024.0;
 272         float left_x = 0.0f;
 273         float right_x = 32.0 / 1024.0 * round((float) building.width / 6.0f);
 274         float front_x = 384.0/1024.0;
 275         float back_x = 384.0/1024.0 + 32.0 / 1024.0 * round((float) building.depth/ 6.0f);
 276
 277         // BASEMENT - uses the baseline texture
 278         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
 279           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x, base_y) );
 280         }
 281         // MAIN BODY
 282         // Front
 283         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 284         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 285         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 286         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 287
 288         // Left
 289         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 290         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 291         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 292         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 293
 294         // Back (same as front for the moment)
 295         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 296         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 297         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 298         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 299
 300         // Right (same as left for the moment)
 301         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 302         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 303         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 304         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 305
 306         // ROOF
 307         if (building.pitched) {
 308           // Use the entire height of the roof texture
 309           top_y = base_y + 16.0 * 3.0 / 1024.0;
 310           left_x = 512/1024.0;
 311           right_x = 512/1024.0 + 32.0 / 1024.0 * round(building.width / 6.0f);
 312           front_x = 480.0/1024.0;
 313           back_x = 512.0/1024.0;
 314
 315           // Front
 316           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 317           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 318           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 319           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 320
 321           // Left
 322           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 323           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 324           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 325           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 326
 327           // Back (same as front for the moment)
 328           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 329           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 330           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 331           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 332
 333           // Right (same as left for the moment)
 334           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 335           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 336           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( back_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 337           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( front_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 338         } else {
 339           // Flat roof
 340           left_x = 512.0/1024.0;
 341           right_x = 640.0/1024.0;
 342           // Use the entire height of the roof texture
 343           top_y = base_y + 16.0 * 3.0 / 1024.0;
 344
 345           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 346           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 347           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 348           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 349         }
 350
 351       }
 352
 353       if (building.type == SGBuildingBin::MEDIUM)
 354       {
 355         int column = ((int) (mt_rand(&seed) * 1000)) % 5;
 356         float base_y = 288 / 1024.0;
 357         float top_y = base_y + 16.0 * (float) building.floors / 1024.0;
 358         float left_x = column * 192.0 /1024.0;
 359         float right_x = left_x + 32.0 / 1024.0 * round((float) building.width / 10.0f);
 360
 361         // BASEMENT - uses the baseline texture
 362         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
 363           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x, base_y) );
 364         }
 365
 366         // MAIN BODY
 367         // Front
 368         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 369         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 370         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 371         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 372
 373         // Left
 374         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 375         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 376         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 377         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 378
 379         // Back (same as front for the moment)
 380         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 381         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 382         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 383         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 384
 385         // Right (same as left for the moment)
 386         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 387         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 388         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 389         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 390
 391         // ROOF
 392         if (building.pitched) {
 393           base_y = 288.0/1024.0;
 394           top_y = 576.0/1024.0;
 395           left_x = 960.0/1024.0;
 396           right_x = 1.0;
 397           // Front
 398           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 399           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 400           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 401           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 402
 403           // Left
 404           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 405           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 406           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 407           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 408
 409           // Back (same as front for the moment)
 410           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 411           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 412           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 413           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 414
 415           // Right (same as left for the moment)
 416           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 417           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 418           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 419           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 420         } else {
 421           // Flat roof
 422           base_y = 416/1024.0;
 423           top_y = 576.0/1024.0;
 424           right_x = left_x + 32.0 / 1024.0 * 6.0;
 425
 426           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 427           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 428           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 429           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 430         }
 431       }
 432
 433       if (building.type == SGBuildingBin::LARGE)
 434       {
 435         int column = ((int) (mt_rand(&seed) * 1000)) % 8;
 436         float base_y = 576 / 1024.0;
 437         float top_y = base_y + 16.0 * (float) building.floors / 1024.0;
 438         float left_x = column * 128.0 /1024.0;
 439         float right_x = left_x + 32.0 / 1024.0 * round((float) building.width / 20.0f);
 440
 441         // BASEMENT - uses the baseline texture
 442         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
 443           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x, base_y) );
 444         }
 445
 446         // MAIN BODY
 447         // Front
 448         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 449         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 450         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 451         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 452
 453         // Left
 454         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 455         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 456         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 457         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 458
 459         // Back (same as front for the moment)
 460         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 461         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 462         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 463         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 464
 465         // Right (same as left for the moment)
 466         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 467         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 468         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 469         t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 470
 471         // ROOF
 472         if (building.pitched) {
 473           base_y = 896/1024.0;
 474           top_y = 1.0;
 475           // Front
 476           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 477           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 478           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 479           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 480
 481           // Left
 482           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 483           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 484           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 485           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 486
 487           // Back (same as front for the moment)
 488           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 489           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 490           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 491           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 492
 493           // Right (same as left for the moment)
 494           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 495           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 496           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 497           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 498         } else {
 499           // Flat roof
 500           base_y = 896/1024.0;
 501           top_y = 1.0;
 502
 503           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, base_y) ); // bottom right
 504           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  base_y) ); // bottom left
 505           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( left_x,  top_y ) ); // top left
 506           t->push_back( osg::Vec2( right_x, top_y ) ); // top right
 507         }
 508
 509       }
 510
 511       // Set the vertex, texture and normals back.
 512       geom->setVertexArray(v);
 513       geom->setTexCoordArray(0, t);
 514       geom->setNormalArray(n);
 515
 516       geom->setPrimitiveSet(0, new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS,0,v->size()));
 517       geode->setDrawable(0, geom);
 518 }
 519
 520 typedef std::map<std::string, osg::observer_ptr<Effect> > EffectMap;
 521
 522 static EffectMap buildingEffectMap;
 523
 524 // Helper classes for creating the quad tree
 525 namespace
 526 {
 527 struct MakeBuildingLeaf
 528 {
 529     MakeBuildingLeaf(float range, Effect* effect) :
 530         _range(range), _effect(effect) {}
 531
 532     MakeBuildingLeaf(const MakeBuildingLeaf& rhs) :
 533         _range(rhs._range), _effect(rhs._effect)
 534     {}
 535
 536     LOD* operator() () const
 537     {
 538         LOD* result = new LOD;
 539
 540         // Create a series of LOD nodes so trees cover decreases slightly
 541         // gradually with distance from _range to 2*_range
 542         for (float i = 0.0; i < SG_BUILDING_FADE_OUT_LEVELS; i++)
 543         {
 544             EffectGeode* geode = new EffectGeode;
 545             geode->setEffect(_effect.get());
 546             result->addChild(geode, 0, _range * (1.0 + i / (SG_BUILDING_FADE_OUT_LEVELS - 1.0)));
 547         }
 548         return result;
 549     }
 550
 551     float _range;
 552     ref_ptr<Effect> _effect;
 553 };
 554
 555 struct AddBuildingLeafObject
 556 {
 557     void operator() (LOD* lod, const SGBuildingBin::Building& building) const
 558     {
 559         Geode* geode = static_cast<Geode*>(lod->getChild(int(building.position.x() * 10.0f) % lod->getNumChildren()));
 560         addBuildingToLeafGeode(geode, building);
 561     }
 562 };
 563
 564 struct GetBuildingCoord
 565 {
 566     Vec3 operator() (const SGBuildingBin::Building& building) const
 567     {
 568         return toOsg(building.position);
 569     }
 570 };
 571
 572 typedef QuadTreeBuilder<LOD*, SGBuildingBin::Building, MakeBuildingLeaf, AddBuildingLeafObject,
 573                         GetBuildingCoord> BuildingGeometryQuadtree;
 574 }
 575
 576 struct BuildingTransformer
 577 {
 578     BuildingTransformer(Matrix& mat_) : mat(mat_) {}
 579     SGBuildingBin::Building operator()(const SGBuildingBin::Building& building) const
 580     {
 581         Vec3 pos = toOsg(building.position);
 582         return SGBuildingBin::Building(toSG(pos * mat), building);
 583     }
 584     Matrix mat;
 585 };
 586
 587
 588
 589 // This actually returns a MatrixTransform node. If we rotate the whole
 590 // forest into the local Z-up coordinate system we can reuse the
 591 // primitive building geometry for all the forests of the same type.
 592 osg::Group* createRandomBuildings(SGBuildingBinList buildings, const osg::Matrix& transform,
 593                          const SGReaderWriterOptions* options)
 594 {
 595     Matrix transInv = Matrix::inverse(transform);
 596     static Matrix ident;
 597     // Set up some shared structures.
 598     MatrixTransform* mt = new MatrixTransform(transform);
 599
 600     SGBuildingBin* bin = NULL;
 601
 602     BOOST_FOREACH(bin, buildings)
 603     {
 604
 605         ref_ptr<Effect> effect;
 606         EffectMap::iterator iter = buildingEffectMap.find(bin->texture);
 607
 608         if ((iter == buildingEffectMap.end())||
 609             (!iter->second.lock(effect)))
 610         {
 611             SGPropertyNode_ptr effectProp = new SGPropertyNode;
 612             makeChild(effectProp, "inherits-from")->setStringValue("Effects/building");
 613             SGPropertyNode* params = makeChild(effectProp, "parameters");
 614             // emphasize n = 0
 615             params->getChild("texture", 0, true)->getChild("image", 0, true)
 616                 ->setStringValue(bin->texture);
 617             effect = makeEffect(effectProp, true, options);
 618             if (iter == buildingEffectMap.end())
 619                 buildingEffectMap.insert(EffectMap::value_type(bin->texture, effect));
 620             else
 621                 iter->second = effect; // update existing, but empty observer
 622         }
 623
 624         // Now, create a quadbuilding for the buildings.
 625         BuildingGeometryQuadtree
 626             quadbuilding(GetBuildingCoord(), AddBuildingLeafObject(),
 627                      SG_BUILDING_QUAD_TREE_DEPTH,
 628                      MakeBuildingLeaf(20000.0f, effect)); // FIXME - tie to property
 629
 630         // Transform building positions from the "geocentric" positions we
 631         // get from the scenery polys into the local Z-up coordinate
 632         // system.
 633         std::vector<SGBuildingBin::Building> rotatedBuildings;
 634         rotatedBuildings.reserve(bin->buildings.size());
 635         std::transform(bin->buildings.begin(), bin->buildings.end(),
 636                        std::back_inserter(rotatedBuildings),
 637                        BuildingTransformer(transInv));
 638         quadbuilding.buildQuadTree(rotatedBuildings.begin(), rotatedBuildings.end());
 639
 640         ref_ptr<Group> group = quadbuilding.getRoot();
 641
 642         /*
 643         // Set up the stateset for this building bin and the texture to use.
 644         osg::StateSet* stateSet = group->getOrCreateStateSet();
 645         const std::string texturename = bin->texture;
 646         osg::Texture2D* texture = SGLoadTexture2D(texturename);
 647         texture->setWrap(osg::Texture2D::WRAP_S,  osg::Texture2D::CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
 648         texture->setWrap(osg::Texture2D::WRAP_T,  osg::Texture2D::CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
 649         stateSet->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture);
 650
 651         osg::ShadeModel* shadeModel = new osg::ShadeModel;
 652         shadeModel->setMode(osg::ShadeModel::FLAT);
 653         stateSet->setAttributeAndModes(shadeModel);
 654         stateSet->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
 655         stateSet->setMode(GL_FOG, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
 656         stateSet->setMode(GL_DEPTH_TEST, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
 657         stateSet->setMode(GL_CULL_FACE, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
 658         stateSet->setMode(GL_BLEND, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);
 659         stateSet->setMode(GL_ALPHA_TEST, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);
 660         stateSet->setAttribute(new osg::CullFace(osg::CullFace::BACK));
 661
 662         osg::Material* material = new osg::Material;
 663         material->setAmbient(osg::Material::FRONT, osg::Vec4(0.3,0.3,0.3,1.0));
 664         material->setDiffuse(osg::Material::FRONT, osg::Vec4(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0));
 665         material->setSpecular(osg::Material::FRONT, osg::Vec4(0,0,0,1.0));
 666         material->setShininess(osg::Material::FRONT, 0.0);
 667         material->setColorMode(osg::Material::AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);
 668         stateSet->setAttribute(material);
 669         */
 670         mt->addChild(group);
 671     }
 672
 673     return mt;
 674 }
 675
 676 }