simgear/scene/tgdb/obj.cxx

   1 // obj.cxx -- routines to handle loading scenery and building the plib
   2 //            scene graph.
   3 //
   4 // Written by Curtis Olson, started October 1997.
   5 //
   6 // Copyright (C) 1997  Curtis L. Olson  - http://www.flightgear.org/~curt
   7 //
   8 // This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   9 // modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  10 // published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
  11 // License, or (at your option) any later version.
  12 //
  13 // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14 // WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  16 // General Public License for more details.
  17 //
  18 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19 // along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  20 // Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  21 //
  22 // $Id$
  23
  24
  25 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  26 #  include <simgear_config.h>
  27 #endif
  28
  29 #include "obj.hxx"
  30
  31 #include <simgear/compiler.h>
  32
  33 #include <osg/Fog>
  34 #include <osg/Geode>
  35 #include <osg/Geometry>
  36 #include <osg/Group>
  37 #include <osg/LOD>
  38 #include <osg/MatrixTransform>
  39 #include <osg/Point>
  40 #include <osg/Referenced>
  41 #include <osg/StateSet>
  42 #include <osg/Switch>
  43
  44 #include <osgUtil/Simplifier>
  45
  46 #include <boost/foreach.hpp>
  47
  48 #include <algorithm>
  49
  50 #include <simgear/debug/logstream.hxx>
  51 #include <simgear/io/sg_binobj.hxx>
  52 #include <simgear/math/sg_geodesy.hxx>
  53 #include <simgear/math/sg_random.h>
  54 #include <simgear/math/SGMisc.hxx>
  55 #include <simgear/scene/material/Effect.hxx>
  56 #include <simgear/scene/material/EffectGeode.hxx>
  57 #include <simgear/scene/material/mat.hxx>
  58 #include <simgear/scene/material/matmodel.hxx>
  59 #include <simgear/scene/material/matlib.hxx>
  60 #include <simgear/scene/model/SGOffsetTransform.hxx>
  61 #include <simgear/scene/util/SGUpdateVisitor.hxx>
  62 #include <simgear/scene/util/SGNodeMasks.hxx>
  63 #include <simgear/scene/util/QuadTreeBuilder.hxx>
  64 #include <simgear/scene/util/SGReaderWriterOptions.hxx>
  65 #include <simgear/scene/util/OptionsReadFileCallback.hxx>
  66
  67 #include "SGTexturedTriangleBin.hxx"
  68 #include "SGLightBin.hxx"
  69 #include "SGModelBin.hxx"
  70 #include "SGBuildingBin.hxx"
  71 #include "TreeBin.hxx"
  72 #include "SGDirectionalLightBin.hxx"
  73 #include "GroundLightManager.hxx"
  74
  75 #include "pt_lights.hxx"
  76
  77 #define SG_SIMPLIFIER_RATIO 0.001
  78 #define SG_SIMPLIFIER_MAX_LENGTH 1000.0
  79 #define SG_SIMPLIFIER_MAX_ERROR 2000.0
  80 #define SG_OBJECT_RANGE 9000.0
  81 #define SG_TILE_RADIUS 14000.0
  82
  83 using namespace simgear;
  84
  85 typedef std::map<std::string,SGTexturedTriangleBin> SGMaterialTriangleMap;
  86 typedef std::list<SGLightBin> SGLightListBin;
  87 typedef std::list<SGDirectionalLightBin> SGDirectionalLightListBin;
  88
  89 class SGTileGeometryBin : public osg::Referenced {
  90 public:
  91   SGMaterialTriangleMap materialTriangleMap;
  92   SGLightBin tileLights;
  93   SGLightBin randomTileLights;
  94   SGTreeBinList randomForest;
  95   SGDirectionalLightBin runwayLights;
  96   SGDirectionalLightBin taxiLights;
  97   SGDirectionalLightListBin vasiLights;
  98   SGDirectionalLightListBin rabitLights;
  99   SGLightListBin odalLights;
 100   SGDirectionalLightListBin holdshortLights;
 101   SGDirectionalLightListBin guardLights;
 102   SGDirectionalLightListBin reilLights;
 103   SGMatModelBin randomModels;
 104   SGBuildingBinList randomBuildings;
 105
 106   static SGVec4f
 107   getMaterialLightColor(const SGMaterial* material)
 108   {
 109     if (!material)
 110       return SGVec4f(1, 1, 1, 0.8);
 111     return material->get_light_color();
 112   }
 113
 114   static void
 115   addPointGeometry(SGLightBin& lights,
 116                    const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices,
 117                    const SGVec4f& color,
 118                    const int_list& pts_v)
 119   {
 120     for (unsigned i = 0; i < pts_v.size(); ++i)
 121       lights.insert(toVec3f(vertices[pts_v[i]]), color);
 122   }
 123
 124   static void
 125   addPointGeometry(SGDirectionalLightBin& lights,
 126                    const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices,
 127                    const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals,
 128                    const SGVec4f& color,
 129                    const int_list& pts_v,
 130                    const int_list& pts_n)
 131   {
 132     // If the normal indices match the vertex indices, use seperate
 133     // normal indices. Else reuse the vertex indices for the normals.
 134     if (pts_v.size() == pts_n.size()) {
 135       for (unsigned i = 0; i < pts_v.size(); ++i)
 136         lights.insert(toVec3f(vertices[pts_v[i]]), normals[pts_n[i]], color);
 137     } else {
 138       for (unsigned i = 0; i < pts_v.size(); ++i)
 139         lights.insert(toVec3f(vertices[pts_v[i]]), normals[pts_v[i]], color);
 140     }
 141   }
 142
 143   bool
 144   insertPtGeometry(const SGBinObject& obj, SGMaterialCache* matcache)
 145   {
 146     if (obj.get_pts_v().size() != obj.get_pts_n().size()) {
 147       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 148              "Group list sizes for points do not match!");
 149       return false;
 150     }
 151
 152     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_pts_v().size(); ++grp) {
 153       std::string materialName = obj.get_pt_materials()[grp];
 154       SGMaterial* material = matcache->find(materialName);
 155       SGVec4f color = getMaterialLightColor(material);
 156
 157       if (3 <= materialName.size() && materialName.substr(0, 3) != "RWY") {
 158         // Just plain lights. Not something for the runway.
 159         addPointGeometry(tileLights, obj.get_wgs84_nodes(), color,
 160                          obj.get_pts_v()[grp]);
 161       } else if (materialName == "RWY_BLUE_TAXIWAY_LIGHTS"
 162                  || materialName == "RWY_GREEN_TAXIWAY_LIGHTS") {
 163         addPointGeometry(taxiLights, obj.get_wgs84_nodes(), obj.get_normals(),
 164                          color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp], obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 165       } else if (materialName == "RWY_VASI_LIGHTS") {
 166         vasiLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 167         addPointGeometry(vasiLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 168                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 169                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 170       } else if (materialName == "RWY_SEQUENCED_LIGHTS") {
 171         rabitLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 172         addPointGeometry(rabitLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 173                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 174                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 175       } else if (materialName == "RWY_ODALS_LIGHTS") {
 176         odalLights.push_back(SGLightBin());
 177         addPointGeometry(odalLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 178                          color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp]);
 179       } else if (materialName == "RWY_YELLOW_PULSE_LIGHTS") {
 180         holdshortLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 181         addPointGeometry(holdshortLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 182                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 183                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 184       } else if (materialName == "RWY_GUARD_LIGHTS") {
 185         guardLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 186         addPointGeometry(guardLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 187                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 188                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 189       } else if (materialName == "RWY_REIL_LIGHTS") {
 190         reilLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 191         addPointGeometry(reilLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 192                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 193                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 194       } else {
 195         // what is left must be runway lights
 196         addPointGeometry(runwayLights, obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 197                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 198                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 199       }
 200     }
 201
 202     return true;
 203   }
 204
 205
 206   static SGVec2f
 207   getTexCoord(const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords, const int_list& tc,
 208               const SGVec2f& tcScale, unsigned i)
 209   {
 210     if (tc.empty())
 211       return tcScale;
 212     else if (tc.size() == 1)
 213       return mult(texCoords[tc[0]], tcScale);
 214     else
 215       return mult(texCoords[tc[i]], tcScale);
 216   }
 217
 218   static void
 219   addTriangleGeometry(SGTexturedTriangleBin& triangles,
 220                       const SGBinObject& obj, unsigned grp,
 221                       const SGVec2f& tc0Scale,
 222                       const SGVec2f& tc1Scale)
 223   {
 224     const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices(obj.get_wgs84_nodes());
 225     const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals(obj.get_normals());
 226     const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords(obj.get_texcoords());
 227     const int_list& tris_v(obj.get_tris_v()[grp]);
 228     const int_list& tris_n(obj.get_tris_n()[grp]);
 229     const tci_list& tris_tc(obj.get_tris_tcs()[grp]);
 230     bool  num_norms_is_num_verts = true;
 231
 232     if (tris_v.size() != tris_n.size()) {
 233         // If the normal indices do not match, they should be inmplicitly
 234         // the same than the vertex indices.
 235         num_norms_is_num_verts = false;
 236     }
 237
 238     if ( !tris_tc[1].empty() ) {
 239         triangles.hasSecondaryTexCoord(true);
 240     }
 241
 242     for (unsigned i = 2; i < tris_v.size(); i += 3) {
 243         SGVertNormTex v0;
 244         v0.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[tris_v[i-2]]) );
 245         v0.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[tris_n[i-2]] :
 246                                                normals[tris_v[i-2]] );
 247         v0.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc[0], tc0Scale, i-2) );
 248         if (!tris_tc[1].empty()) {
 249             v0.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc[1], tc1Scale, i-2) );
 250         }
 251         SGVertNormTex v1;
 252         v1.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[tris_v[i-1]]) );
 253         v1.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[tris_n[i-1]] :
 254                                                normals[tris_v[i-1]] );
 255         v1.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc[0], tc0Scale, i-1) );
 256         if (!tris_tc[1].empty()) {
 257             v1.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc[1], tc1Scale, i-1) );
 258         }
 259         SGVertNormTex v2;
 260         v2.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[tris_v[i]]) );
 261         v2.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[tris_n[i]] :
 262                                                normals[tris_v[i]] );
 263         v2.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc[0], tc0Scale, i) );
 264         if (!tris_tc[1].empty()) {
 265             v2.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc[1], tc1Scale, i) );
 266         }
 267
 268         triangles.insert(v0, v1, v2);
 269     }
 270   }
 271
 272   static void
 273   addStripGeometry(SGTexturedTriangleBin& triangles,
 274                    const SGBinObject& obj, unsigned grp,
 275                    const SGVec2f& tc0Scale,
 276                    const SGVec2f& tc1Scale)
 277   {
 278       const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices(obj.get_wgs84_nodes());
 279       const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals(obj.get_normals());
 280       const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords(obj.get_texcoords());
 281       const int_list& strips_v(obj.get_strips_v()[grp]);
 282       const int_list& strips_n(obj.get_strips_n()[grp]);
 283       const tci_list& strips_tc(obj.get_strips_tcs()[grp]);
 284       bool  num_norms_is_num_verts = true;
 285
 286       if (strips_v.size() != strips_n.size()) {
 287           // If the normal indices do not match, they should be inmplicitly
 288           // the same than the vertex indices.
 289           num_norms_is_num_verts = false;
 290       }
 291
 292       if ( !strips_tc[1].empty() ) {
 293           triangles.hasSecondaryTexCoord(true);
 294       }
 295
 296     for (unsigned i = 2; i < strips_v.size(); ++i) {
 297       SGVertNormTex v0;
 298       v0.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[strips_v[i-2]]) );
 299       v0.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[strips_n[i-2]] :
 300                                              normals[strips_v[i-2]] );
 301       v0.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc[0], tc0Scale, i-2) );
 302       if (!strips_tc[1].empty()) {
 303           v0.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc[1], tc1Scale, i-2) );
 304       }
 305       SGVertNormTex v1;
 306       v1.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[strips_v[i-1]]) );
 307       v1.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[strips_n[i-1]] :
 308                                              normals[strips_v[i-1]] );
 309       v1.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc[1], tc0Scale, i-1) );
 310       if (!strips_tc[1].empty()) {
 311           v1.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc[1], tc1Scale, i-1) );
 312       }
 313       SGVertNormTex v2;
 314       v2.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[strips_v[i]]) );
 315       v2.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[strips_n[i]] :
 316                                              normals[strips_v[i]] );
 317       v2.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc[0], tc0Scale, i) );
 318       if (!strips_tc[1].empty()) {
 319           v2.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc[1], tc1Scale, i) );
 320       }
 321       if (i%2)
 322         triangles.insert(v1, v0, v2);
 323       else
 324         triangles.insert(v0, v1, v2);
 325     }
 326   }
 327
 328   static void
 329   addFanGeometry(SGTexturedTriangleBin& triangles,
 330                  const SGBinObject& obj, unsigned grp,
 331                  const SGVec2f& tc0Scale,
 332                  const SGVec2f& tc1Scale)
 333   {
 334       const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices(obj.get_wgs84_nodes());
 335       const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals(obj.get_normals());
 336       const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords(obj.get_texcoords());
 337       const int_list& fans_v(obj.get_fans_v()[grp]);
 338       const int_list& fans_n(obj.get_fans_n()[grp]);
 339       const tci_list& fans_tc(obj.get_fans_tcs()[grp]);
 340       bool  num_norms_is_num_verts = true;
 341
 342       if (fans_v.size() != fans_n.size()) {
 343           // If the normal indices do not match, they should be inmplicitly
 344           // the same than the vertex indices.
 345           num_norms_is_num_verts = false;
 346       }
 347
 348       if ( !fans_tc[1].empty() ) {
 349           triangles.hasSecondaryTexCoord(true);
 350       }
 351
 352     SGVertNormTex v0;
 353     v0.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[fans_v[0]]) );
 354     v0.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[fans_n[0]] :
 355                                            normals[fans_v[0]] );
 356     v0.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc[0], tc0Scale, 0) );
 357     if (!fans_tc[1].empty()) {
 358         v0.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc[1], tc1Scale, 0) );
 359     }
 360     SGVertNormTex v1;
 361     v1.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[fans_v[1]]) );
 362     v1.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[fans_n[1]] :
 363                                            normals[fans_v[1]] );
 364     v1.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc[0], tc0Scale, 1) );
 365     if (!fans_tc[1].empty()) {
 366         v1.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc[1], tc1Scale, 1) );
 367     }
 368     for (unsigned i = 2; i < fans_v.size(); ++i) {
 369       SGVertNormTex v2;
 370       v2.SetVertex( toVec3f(vertices[fans_v[i]]) );
 371       v2.SetNormal( num_norms_is_num_verts ? normals[fans_n[i]] :
 372                                              normals[fans_v[i]] );
 373       v2.SetTexCoord( 0, getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc[0], tc0Scale, i) );
 374       if (!fans_tc[1].empty()) {
 375           v2.SetTexCoord( 1, getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc[1], tc1Scale, i) );
 376       }
 377       triangles.insert(v0, v1, v2);
 378       v1 = v2;
 379     }
 380   }
 381
 382   SGVec2f getTexCoordScale(const std::string& name, SGMaterialCache* matcache)
 383   {
 384     if (!matcache)
 385       return SGVec2f(1, 1);
 386     SGMaterial* material = matcache->find(name);
 387     if (!material)
 388       return SGVec2f(1, 1);
 389
 390     return material->get_tex_coord_scale();
 391   }
 392
 393   bool
 394   insertSurfaceGeometry(const SGBinObject& obj, SGMaterialCache* matcache)
 395   {
 396     if (obj.get_tris_n().size() < obj.get_tris_v().size() ||
 397         obj.get_tris_tcs().size() < obj.get_tris_v().size()) {
 398       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 399              "Group list sizes for triangles do not match!");
 400       return false;
 401     }
 402
 403     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_tris_v().size(); ++grp) {
 404       std::string materialName = obj.get_tri_materials()[grp];
 405       SGVec2f tc0Scale = getTexCoordScale(materialName, matcache);
 406       SGVec2f tc1Scale(1.0, 1.0);
 407       addTriangleGeometry(materialTriangleMap[materialName],
 408                           obj, grp, tc0Scale, tc1Scale );
 409     }
 410
 411     if (obj.get_strips_n().size() < obj.get_strips_v().size() ||
 412         obj.get_strips_tcs().size() < obj.get_strips_v().size()) {
 413       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 414              "Group list sizes for strips do not match!");
 415       return false;
 416     }
 417     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_strips_v().size(); ++grp) {
 418       std::string materialName = obj.get_strip_materials()[grp];
 419       SGVec2f tc0Scale = getTexCoordScale(materialName, matcache);
 420       SGVec2f tc1Scale(1.0, 1.0);
 421       addStripGeometry(materialTriangleMap[materialName],
 422                           obj, grp, tc0Scale, tc1Scale);
 423     }
 424
 425     if (obj.get_fans_n().size() < obj.get_fans_v().size() ||
 426         obj.get_fans_tcs().size() < obj.get_fans_v().size()) {
 427       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 428              "Group list sizes for fans do not match!");
 429       return false;
 430     }
 431     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_fans_v().size(); ++grp) {
 432       std::string materialName = obj.get_fan_materials()[grp];
 433       SGVec2f tc0Scale = getTexCoordScale(materialName, matcache);
 434       SGVec2f tc1Scale(1.0, 1.0);
 435       addFanGeometry(materialTriangleMap[materialName],
 436                        obj, grp, tc0Scale, tc1Scale );
 437     }
 438     return true;
 439   }
 440
 441   osg::Node* getSurfaceGeometry(SGMaterialCache* matcache, bool useVBOs) const
 442   {
 443     if (materialTriangleMap.empty())
 444       return 0;
 445
 446     EffectGeode* eg = NULL;
 447     osg::Group* group = (materialTriangleMap.size() > 1 ? new osg::Group : NULL);
 448     if (group) {
 449         group->setName("surfaceGeometryGroup");
 450     }
 451
 452     //osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
 453     SGMaterialTriangleMap::const_iterator i;
 454     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 455       osg::Geometry* geometry = i->second.buildGeometry(useVBOs);
 456       SGMaterial *mat = NULL;
 457       if (matcache) {
 458         mat = matcache->find(i->first);
 459       }
 460       eg = new EffectGeode;
 461       eg->setName("EffectGeode");
 462       if (mat) {
 463         eg->setEffect(mat->get_effect(i->second));
 464       }
 465       eg->addDrawable(geometry);
 466       eg->runGenerators(geometry);  // Generate extra data needed by effect
 467       if (group) {
 468         group->addChild(eg);
 469       }
 470     }
 471
 472     if (group) {
 473         return group;
 474     } else {
 475         return eg;
 476     }
 477   }
 478
 479   void computeRandomSurfaceLights(SGMaterialCache* matcache)
 480   {
 481     SGMaterialTriangleMap::iterator i;
 482
 483     // generate a repeatable random seed
 484     mt seed;
 485     mt_init(&seed, unsigned(123));
 486
 487     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 488       SGMaterial *mat = matcache->find(i->first);
 489       if (!mat)
 490         continue;
 491
 492       float coverage = mat->get_light_coverage();
 493       if (coverage <= 0)
 494         continue;
 495       if (coverage < 10000.0) {
 496         SG_LOG(SG_INPUT, SG_ALERT, "Light coverage is "
 497                << coverage << ", pushing up to 10000");
 498         coverage = 10000;
 499       }
 500
 501       std::vector<SGVec3f> randomPoints;
 502       i->second.addRandomSurfacePoints(coverage, 3, mat->get_object_mask(i->second), randomPoints);
 503       std::vector<SGVec3f>::iterator j;
 504       for (j = randomPoints.begin(); j != randomPoints.end(); ++j) {
 505         float zombie = mt_rand(&seed);
 506         // factor = sg_random() ^ 2, range = 0 .. 1 concentrated towards 0
 507         float factor = mt_rand(&seed);
 508         factor *= factor;
 509
 510         float bright = 1;
 511         SGVec4f color;
 512         if ( zombie > 0.5 ) {
 513           // 50% chance of yellowish
 514           color = SGVec4f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.3f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 515         } else if (zombie > 0.15f) {
 516           // 35% chance of whitish
 517           color = SGVec4f(0.9, 0.9f, 0.8f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 518         } else if (zombie > 0.05f) {
 519           // 10% chance of orangish
 520           color = SGVec4f(0.9f, 0.6f, 0.2f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 521         } else {
 522           // 5% chance of redish
 523           color = SGVec4f(0.9f, 0.2f, 0.2f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 524         }
 525         randomTileLights.insert(*j, color);
 526       }
 527     }
 528   }
 529
 530   void computeRandomObjectsAndBuildings(
 531     SGMaterialCache* matcache,
 532     float building_density,
 533     bool use_random_objects,
 534     bool use_random_buildings,
 535     bool useVBOs)
 536   {
 537     SGMaterialTriangleMap::iterator i;
 538
 539     // generate a repeatable random seed
 540     mt seed;
 541     mt_init(&seed, unsigned(123));
 542
 543     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 544       SGMaterial *mat = matcache->find(i->first);
 545       SGTexturedTriangleBin triangleBin = i->second;
 546
 547       if (!mat)
 548         continue;
 549
 550       osg::Texture2D* object_mask  = mat->get_object_mask(triangleBin);
 551
 552       int   group_count            = mat->get_object_group_count();
 553       float building_coverage      = mat->get_building_coverage();
 554       float cos_zero_density_angle = mat->get_cos_object_zero_density_slope_angle();
 555       float cos_max_density_angle  = mat->get_cos_object_max_density_slope_angle();
 556
 557       if (building_coverage == 0)
 558          continue;
 559
 560       SGBuildingBin* bin = NULL;
 561
 562       if (building_coverage > 0) {
 563         bin = new SGBuildingBin(mat, useVBOs);
 564         randomBuildings.push_back(bin);
 565       }
 566
 567       unsigned num = i->second.getNumTriangles();
 568       int random_dropped = 0;
 569       int mask_dropped = 0;
 570       int building_dropped = 0;
 571       int triangle_dropped = 0;
 572
 573       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
 574         SGTexturedTriangleBin::triangle_ref triangleRef = triangleBin.getTriangleRef(i);
 575
 576         SGVec3f vorigin = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[0]).GetVertex();
 577         SGVec3f v0 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[1]).GetVertex() - vorigin;
 578         SGVec3f v1 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[2]).GetVertex() - vorigin;
 579         SGVec2f torigin = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[0]).GetTexCoord(0);
 580         SGVec2f t0 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[1]).GetTexCoord(0) - torigin;
 581         SGVec2f t1 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[2]).GetTexCoord(0) - torigin;
 582         SGVec3f normal = cross(v0, v1);
 583
 584         // Ensure the slope isn't too steep by checking the
 585         // cos of the angle between the slope normal and the
 586         // vertical (conveniently the z-component of the normalized
 587         // normal) and values passed in.
 588         float cos = normalize(normal).z();
 589         float slope_density = 1.0;
 590         if (cos < cos_zero_density_angle) continue; // Too steep for any objects
 591         if (cos < cos_max_density_angle) {
 592           slope_density =
 593             (cos - cos_zero_density_angle) /
 594             (cos_max_density_angle - cos_zero_density_angle);
 595         }
 596
 597         // Containers to hold the random buildings and objects generated
 598         // for this triangle for collision detection purposes.
 599         std::vector< std::pair< SGVec3f, float> > triangleObjectsList;
 600         std::vector< std::pair< SGVec3f, float> > triangleBuildingList;
 601
 602         // Compute the area
 603         float area = 0.5f*length(normal);
 604         if (area <= SGLimitsf::min())
 605           continue;
 606
 607         // Generate any random objects
 608         if (use_random_objects && (group_count > 0))
 609         {
 610           for (int j = 0; j < group_count; j++)
 611           {
 612             SGMatModelGroup *object_group =  mat->get_object_group(j);
 613             int nObjects = object_group->get_object_count();
 614
 615             if (nObjects == 0) continue;
 616
 617             // For each of the random models in the group, determine an appropriate
 618             // number of random placements and insert them.
 619             for (int k = 0; k < nObjects; k++) {
 620               SGMatModel * object = object_group->get_object(k);
 621
 622               // Determine the number of objecst to place, taking into account
 623               // the slope density factor.
 624               double n = slope_density * area / object->get_coverage_m2();
 625
 626               // Use the zombie door method to determine fractional object placement.
 627               n = n + mt_rand(&seed);
 628
 629               // place an object each unit of area
 630               while ( n > 1.0 ) {
 631                 float a = mt_rand(&seed);
 632                 float b = mt_rand(&seed);
 633                 if ( a + b > 1 ) {
 634                   a = 1 - a;
 635                   b = 1 - b;
 636                 }
 637
 638                 SGVec3f randomPoint = vorigin + a*v0 + b*v1;
 639                 float rotation = static_cast<float>(mt_rand(&seed));
 640
 641                 // Check that the point is sufficiently far from
 642                 // the edge of the triangle by measuring the distance
 643                 // from the three lines that make up the triangle.
 644                 float spacing = object->get_spacing_m();
 645
 646                 SGVec3f p = randomPoint - vorigin;
 647                 float edges[] = { length(cross(p     , p - v0)) / length(v0),
 648                                   length(cross(p - v0, p - v1)) / length(v1 - v0),
 649                                   length(cross(p - v1, p     )) / length(v1)      };
 650                 float edge_dist = *std::min_element(edges, edges + 3);
 651
 652                 if (edge_dist < spacing) {
 653                   n -= 1.0;
 654                   continue;
 655                 }
 656
 657                 if (object_mask != NULL) {
 658                   SGVec2f texCoord = torigin + a*t0 + b*t1;
 659
 660                   // Check this random point against the object mask
 661                   // blue (for buildings) channel.
 662                   osg::Image* img = object_mask->getImage();
 663                   unsigned int x = (int) (img->s() * texCoord.x()) % img->s();
 664                   unsigned int y = (int) (img->t() * texCoord.y()) % img->t();
 665
 666                   if (mt_rand(&seed) > img->getColor(x, y).b()) {
 667                     // Failed object mask check
 668                     n -= 1.0;
 669                     continue;
 670                   }
 671
 672                   rotation = img->getColor(x,y).r();
 673                 }
 674
 675                 bool close = false;
 676
 677                 // Check it isn't too close to any other random objects in the triangle
 678                 std::vector<std::pair<SGVec3f, float> >::iterator l;
 679                 for (l = triangleObjectsList.begin(); l != triangleObjectsList.end(); ++l) {
 680                   float min_dist2 = (l->second + object->get_spacing_m()) *
 681                                     (l->second + object->get_spacing_m());
 682
 683                   if (distSqr(l->first, randomPoint) > min_dist2) {
 684                     close = true;
 685                     continue;
 686                   }
 687                 }
 688
 689                 if (!close) {
 690                     triangleObjectsList.push_back(std::make_pair(randomPoint, object->get_spacing_m()));
 691                     randomModels.insert(randomPoint,
 692                                         object,
 693                                         (int)object->get_randomized_range_m(&seed),
 694                                         rotation);
 695                 }
 696               }
 697             }
 698           }
 699         }
 700
 701         // Random objects now generated.  Now generate the random buildings (if any);
 702         if (use_random_buildings && (building_coverage > 0) && (building_density > 0)) {
 703
 704           // Calculate the number of buildings, taking into account building density (which is linear)
 705           // and the slope density factor.
 706           double num = building_density * building_density * slope_density * area / building_coverage;
 707
 708           // For partial units of area, use a zombie door method to
 709           // create the proper random chance of an object being created
 710           // for this triangle.
 711           num = num + mt_rand(&seed);
 712
 713           if (num < 1.0f) {
 714             continue;
 715           }
 716
 717           // Cosine of the angle between the two vectors.
 718           float cosine = (dot(v0, v1) / (length(v0) * length(v1)));
 719
 720           // Determine a grid spacing in each vector such that the correct
 721           // coverage will result.
 722           float stepv0 = (sqrtf(building_coverage) / building_density) / length(v0) / sqrtf(1 - cosine * cosine);
 723           float stepv1 = (sqrtf(building_coverage) / building_density) / length(v1);
 724
 725           stepv0 = std::min(stepv0, 1.0f);
 726           stepv1 = std::min(stepv1, 1.0f);
 727
 728           // Start at a random point. a will be immediately incremented below.
 729           float a = -mt_rand(&seed) * stepv0;
 730           float b = mt_rand(&seed) * stepv1;
 731
 732           // Place an object each unit of area
 733           while (num > 1.0) {
 734             num -= 1.0;
 735
 736             // Set the next location to place a building
 737             a += stepv0;
 738
 739             if ((a + b) > 1.0f) {
 740               // Reached the end of the scan-line on v0. Reset and increment
 741               // scan-line on v1
 742               a = mt_rand(&seed) * stepv0;
 743               b += stepv1;
 744             }
 745
 746             if (b > 1.0f) {
 747               // In a degenerate case of a single point, we might be outside the
 748               // scanline.  Note that we need to still ensure that a+b < 1.
 749               b = mt_rand(&seed) * stepv1 * (1.0f - a);
 750             }
 751
 752             if ((a + b) > 1.0f ) {
 753               // Truly degenerate case - simply choose a random point guaranteed
 754               // to fulfil the constraing of a+b < 1.
 755               a = mt_rand(&seed);
 756               b = mt_rand(&seed) * (1.0f - a);
 757             }
 758
 759             SGVec3f randomPoint = vorigin + a*v0 + b*v1;
 760             float rotation = mt_rand(&seed);
 761
 762             if (object_mask != NULL) {
 763               SGVec2f texCoord = torigin + a*t0 + b*t1;
 764               osg::Image* img = object_mask->getImage();
 765               int x = (int) (img->s() * texCoord.x()) % img->s();
 766               int y = (int) (img->t() * texCoord.y()) % img->t();
 767
 768               // In some degenerate cases x or y can be < 1, in which case the mod operand fails
 769               while (x < 0) x += img->s();
 770               while (y < 0) y += img->t();
 771
 772               if (mt_rand(&seed) < img->getColor(x, y).b()) {
 773                 // Object passes mask. Rotation is taken from the red channel
 774                 rotation = img->getColor(x,y).r();
 775               } else {
 776                 // Fails mask test - try again.
 777                 mask_dropped++;
 778                 continue;
 779               }
 780             }
 781
 782             // Check building isn't too close to the triangle edge.
 783             float type_roll = mt_rand(&seed);
 784             SGBuildingBin::BuildingType buildingtype = bin->getBuildingType(type_roll);
 785             float radius = bin->getBuildingMaxRadius(buildingtype);
 786
 787             // Determine the actual center of the building, by shifting from the
 788             // center of the front face to the true center.
 789             osg::Matrix rotationMat = osg::Matrix::rotate(- rotation * M_PI * 2,
 790                                                  osg::Vec3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
 791             SGVec3f buildingCenter = randomPoint + toSG(osg::Vec3f(-0.5 * bin->getBuildingMaxDepth(buildingtype), 0.0, 0.0) * rotationMat);
 792
 793             SGVec3f p = buildingCenter - vorigin;
 794             float edges[] = { length(cross(p     , p - v0)) / length(v0),
 795                               length(cross(p - v0, p - v1)) / length(v1 - v0),
 796                               length(cross(p - v1, p     )) / length(v1)      };
 797             float edge_dist = *std::min_element(edges, edges + 3);
 798
 799             if (edge_dist < radius) {
 800               triangle_dropped++;
 801               continue;
 802             }
 803
 804             // Check building isn't too close to random objects and other buildings.
 805             bool close = false;
 806             std::vector<std::pair<SGVec3f, float> >::iterator iter;
 807
 808             for (iter = triangleBuildingList.begin(); iter != triangleBuildingList.end(); ++iter) {
 809               float min_dist = iter->second + radius;
 810               if (distSqr(iter->first, buildingCenter) < min_dist * min_dist) {
 811                 close = true;
 812                 continue;
 813               }
 814             }
 815
 816             if (close) {
 817               building_dropped++;
 818               continue;
 819             }
 820
 821             for (iter = triangleObjectsList.begin(); iter != triangleObjectsList.end(); ++iter) {
 822               float min_dist = iter->second + radius;
 823               if (distSqr(iter->first, buildingCenter) < min_dist * min_dist) {
 824                 close = true;
 825                 continue;
 826               }
 827             }
 828
 829             if (close) {
 830               random_dropped++;
 831               continue;
 832             }
 833
 834             std::pair<SGVec3f, float> pt = std::make_pair(buildingCenter, radius);
 835             triangleBuildingList.push_back(pt);
 836             bin->insert(randomPoint, rotation, buildingtype);
 837           }
 838         }
 839
 840         triangleObjectsList.clear();
 841         triangleBuildingList.clear();
 842       }
 843
 844       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Random Buildings: " << ((bin) ? bin->getNumBuildings() : 0));
 845       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "  Dropped due to mask: " << mask_dropped);
 846       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "  Dropped due to random object: " << random_dropped);
 847       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "  Dropped due to other buildings: " << building_dropped);
 848     }
 849   }
 850
 851   void computeRandomForest(SGMaterialCache* matcache, float vegetation_density)
 852   {
 853     SGMaterialTriangleMap::iterator i;
 854
 855     // generate a repeatable random seed
 856     mt seed;
 857
 858     mt_init(&seed, unsigned(586));
 859
 860     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 861       SGMaterial *mat = matcache->find(i->first);
 862       if (!mat)
 863         continue;
 864
 865       float wood_coverage = mat->get_wood_coverage();
 866       if ((wood_coverage <= 0) || (vegetation_density <= 0))
 867         continue;
 868
 869       // Attributes that don't vary by tree but do vary by material
 870       bool found = false;
 871       TreeBin* bin = NULL;
 872
 873       BOOST_FOREACH(bin, randomForest)
 874       {
 875         if ((bin->texture           == mat->get_tree_texture()  ) &&
 876             (bin->texture_varieties == mat->get_tree_varieties()) &&
 877             (bin->range             == mat->get_tree_range()    ) &&
 878             (bin->width             == mat->get_tree_width()    ) &&
 879             (bin->height            == mat->get_tree_height()   )   ) {
 880             found = true;
 881             break;
 882         }
 883       }
 884
 885       if (!found) {
 886         bin = new TreeBin();
 887         bin->texture = mat->get_tree_texture();
 888           SG_LOG(SG_INPUT, SG_DEBUG, "Tree texture " << bin->texture);
 889         bin->range   = mat->get_tree_range();
 890         bin->width   = mat->get_tree_width();
 891         bin->height  = mat->get_tree_height();
 892         bin->texture_varieties = mat->get_tree_varieties();
 893         randomForest.push_back(bin);
 894       }
 895
 896       std::vector<SGVec3f> randomPoints;
 897       i->second.addRandomTreePoints(wood_coverage,
 898                                     mat->get_object_mask(i->second),
 899                                     vegetation_density,
 900                                     mat->get_cos_tree_max_density_slope_angle(),
 901                                     mat->get_cos_tree_zero_density_slope_angle(),
 902                                     randomPoints);
 903
 904       std::vector<SGVec3f>::iterator k;
 905       for (k = randomPoints.begin(); k != randomPoints.end(); ++k) {
 906         bin->insert(*k);
 907       }
 908     }
 909   }
 910
 911   bool insertBinObj(const SGBinObject& obj, SGMaterialCache* matcache)
 912   {
 913     if (!insertPtGeometry(obj, matcache))
 914       return false;
 915     if (!insertSurfaceGeometry(obj, matcache))
 916       return false;
 917     return true;
 918   }
 919 };
 920
 921 typedef std::pair<osg::Node*, int> ModelLOD;
 922 struct MakeQuadLeaf {
 923     osg::LOD* operator() () const { return new osg::LOD; }
 924 };
 925 struct AddModelLOD {
 926     void operator() (osg::LOD* leaf, ModelLOD& mlod) const
 927     {
 928         leaf->addChild(mlod.first, 0, mlod.second);
 929     }
 930 };
 931 struct GetModelLODCoord {
 932     GetModelLODCoord() {}
 933     GetModelLODCoord(const GetModelLODCoord& rhs)
 934     {}
 935     osg::Vec3 operator() (const ModelLOD& mlod) const
 936     {
 937         return mlod.first->getBound().center();
 938     }
 939 };
 940
 941 typedef QuadTreeBuilder<osg::LOD*, ModelLOD, MakeQuadLeaf, AddModelLOD,
 942                         GetModelLODCoord>  RandomObjectsQuadtree;
 943
 944 class RandomObjectCallback : public OptionsReadFileCallback {
 945 public:
 946     virtual osgDB::ReaderWriter::ReadResult
 947     readNode(const std::string&, const osgDB::Options*)
 948     {
 949         osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> group = new osg::Group;
 950         group->setName("Random Object and Lighting Group");
 951         group->setDataVariance(osg::Object::STATIC);
 952
 953         osg::Node* node = loadTerrain();
 954         if (node)
 955           group->addChild(node);
 956
 957         osg::LOD* lightLOD = generateLightingTileObjects();
 958         if (lightLOD)
 959           group->addChild(lightLOD);
 960
 961         osg::LOD* objectLOD = generateRandomTileObjects();
 962         if (objectLOD)
 963           group->addChild(objectLOD);
 964
 965         return group.release();
 966     }
 967
 968     // Load terrain if required
 969     osg::Node* loadTerrain()
 970     {
 971       if (! _loadterrain)
 972         return NULL;
 973
 974       SGBinObject tile;
 975       if (!tile.read_bin(_path))
 976         return NULL;
 977
 978       SGMaterialLibPtr matlib;
 979       SGMaterialCache* matcache = 0;
 980       bool useVBOs = false;
 981       bool simplifyNear    = false;
 982       double ratio       = SG_SIMPLIFIER_RATIO;
 983       double maxLength   = SG_SIMPLIFIER_MAX_LENGTH;
 984       double maxError    = SG_SIMPLIFIER_MAX_ERROR;
 985
 986       if (_options) {
 987         matlib = _options->getMaterialLib();
 988         useVBOs = (_options->getPluginStringData("SimGear::USE_VBOS") == "ON");
 989         SGPropertyNode* propertyNode = _options->getPropertyNode().get();
 990         simplifyNear = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/enabled-near", simplifyNear);
 991         ratio = propertyNode->getDoubleValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/ratio", ratio);
 992         maxLength = propertyNode->getDoubleValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/max-length", maxLength);
 993         maxError = propertyNode->getDoubleValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/max-error", maxError);
 994       }
 995
 996       // PSADRO TODO : we can do this in terragear
 997       // - why not add a bitmask of flags to the btg so we can precompute this?
 998       // and only do it if it hasn't been done already
 999       SGVec3d center = tile.get_gbs_center();
1000       SGGeod geodPos = SGGeod::fromCart(center);
1001       SGQuatd hlOr = SGQuatd::fromLonLat(geodPos)*SGQuatd::fromEulerDeg(0, 0, 180);
1002
1003       // Generate a materials cache
1004       if (matlib) matcache = matlib->generateMatCache(geodPos);
1005
1006       // rotate the tiles so that the bounding boxes get nearly axis aligned.
1007       // this will help the collision tree's bounding boxes a bit ...
1008       std::vector<SGVec3d> nodes = tile.get_wgs84_nodes();
1009       for (unsigned i = 0; i < nodes.size(); ++i)
1010         nodes[i] = hlOr.transform(nodes[i]);
1011       tile.set_wgs84_nodes(nodes);
1012
1013       SGQuatf hlOrf(hlOr[0], hlOr[1], hlOr[2], hlOr[3]);
1014       std::vector<SGVec3f> normals = tile.get_normals();
1015       for (unsigned i = 0; i < normals.size(); ++i)
1016         normals[i] = hlOrf.transform(normals[i]);
1017       tile.set_normals(normals);
1018
1019       osg::ref_ptr<SGTileGeometryBin> tileGeometryBin = new SGTileGeometryBin;
1020
1021       if (!tileGeometryBin->insertBinObj(tile, matcache))
1022         return NULL;
1023
1024       osg::Node* node = tileGeometryBin->getSurfaceGeometry(matcache, useVBOs);
1025       if (node && simplifyNear) {
1026         osgUtil::Simplifier simplifier(ratio, maxError, maxLength);
1027         node->accept(simplifier);
1028       }
1029
1030       return node;
1031     }
1032
1033     // Generate all the lighting objects for the tile.
1034     osg::LOD* generateLightingTileObjects()
1035     {
1036       if (_matcache)
1037         _tileGeometryBin->computeRandomSurfaceLights(_matcache);
1038
1039       GroundLightManager* lightManager = GroundLightManager::instance();
1040       osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> lightGroup = new SGOffsetTransform(0.94);
1041       SGVec3f up(0, 0, 1);
1042
1043       if (_tileGeometryBin->tileLights.getNumLights() > 0
1044           || _tileGeometryBin->randomTileLights.getNumLights() > 0) {
1045         osg::Group* groundLights0 = new osg::Group;
1046         groundLights0->setStateSet(lightManager->getGroundLightStateSet());
1047         groundLights0->setNodeMask(GROUNDLIGHTS0_BIT);
1048         osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
1049         geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(_tileGeometryBin->tileLights));
1050         geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(_tileGeometryBin->randomTileLights, 4, -0.3f));
1051         groundLights0->addChild(geode);
1052         lightGroup->addChild(groundLights0);
1053       }
1054
1055       if (_tileGeometryBin->randomTileLights.getNumLights() > 0) {
1056         osg::Group* groundLights1 = new osg::Group;
1057         groundLights1->setStateSet(lightManager->getGroundLightStateSet());
1058         groundLights1->setNodeMask(GROUNDLIGHTS1_BIT);
1059         osg::Group* groundLights2 = new osg::Group;
1060         groundLights2->setStateSet(lightManager->getGroundLightStateSet());
1061         groundLights2->setNodeMask(GROUNDLIGHTS2_BIT);
1062         osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
1063         geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(_tileGeometryBin->randomTileLights, 2, -0.15f));
1064         groundLights1->addChild(geode);
1065         lightGroup->addChild(groundLights1);
1066         geode = new osg::Geode;
1067         geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(_tileGeometryBin->randomTileLights));
1068         groundLights2->addChild(geode);
1069         lightGroup->addChild(groundLights2);
1070       }
1071
1072       if (!_tileGeometryBin->vasiLights.empty()) {
1073         EffectGeode* vasiGeode = new EffectGeode;
1074         Effect* vasiEffect
1075             = getLightEffect(24, osg::Vec3(1, 0.0001, 0.000001), 1, 24, true, _options);
1076         vasiGeode->setEffect(vasiEffect);
1077         SGVec4f red(1, 0, 0, 1);
1078         SGMaterial* mat = 0;
1079         if (_matcache)
1080           mat = _matcache->find("RWY_RED_LIGHTS");
1081         if (mat)
1082           red = mat->get_light_color();
1083         SGVec4f white(1, 1, 1, 1);
1084         mat = 0;
1085         if (_matcache)
1086           mat = _matcache->find("RWY_WHITE_LIGHTS");
1087         if (mat)
1088           white = mat->get_light_color();
1089         SGDirectionalLightListBin::const_iterator i;
1090         for (i = _tileGeometryBin->vasiLights.begin();
1091              i != _tileGeometryBin->vasiLights.end(); ++i) {
1092           vasiGeode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getVasi(up, *i, red, white));
1093         }
1094         vasiGeode->setStateSet(lightManager->getRunwayLightStateSet());
1095         lightGroup->addChild(vasiGeode);
1096       }
1097
1098       Effect* runwayEffect = 0;
1099       if (_tileGeometryBin->runwayLights.getNumLights() > 0
1100           || !_tileGeometryBin->rabitLights.empty()
1101           || !_tileGeometryBin->reilLights.empty()
1102           || !_tileGeometryBin->odalLights.empty()
1103           || _tileGeometryBin->taxiLights.getNumLights() > 0)
1104           runwayEffect = getLightEffect(16, osg::Vec3(1, 0.001, 0.0002), 1, 16, true, _options);
1105       if (_tileGeometryBin->runwayLights.getNumLights() > 0
1106           || !_tileGeometryBin->rabitLights.empty()
1107           || !_tileGeometryBin->reilLights.empty()
1108           || !_tileGeometryBin->odalLights.empty()
1109           || !_tileGeometryBin->holdshortLights.empty()
1110           || !_tileGeometryBin->guardLights.empty()) {
1111         osg::Group* rwyLights = new osg::Group;
1112         rwyLights->setStateSet(lightManager->getRunwayLightStateSet());
1113         rwyLights->setNodeMask(RUNWAYLIGHTS_BIT);
1114         if (_tileGeometryBin->runwayLights.getNumLights() != 0) {
1115           EffectGeode* geode = new EffectGeode;
1116           geode->setEffect(runwayEffect);
1117           geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(_tileGeometryBin->runwayLights));
1118           rwyLights->addChild(geode);
1119         }
1120         SGDirectionalLightListBin::const_iterator i;
1121         for (i = _tileGeometryBin->rabitLights.begin();
1122              i != _tileGeometryBin->rabitLights.end(); ++i) {
1123           rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getSequenced(*i, _options));
1124         }
1125         for (i = _tileGeometryBin->reilLights.begin();
1126              i != _tileGeometryBin->reilLights.end(); ++i) {
1127           rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getSequenced(*i, _options));
1128         }
1129         for (i = _tileGeometryBin->holdshortLights.begin();
1130              i != _tileGeometryBin->holdshortLights.end(); ++i) {
1131           rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getHoldShort(*i, _options));
1132         }
1133         for (i = _tileGeometryBin->guardLights.begin();
1134              i != _tileGeometryBin->guardLights.end(); ++i) {
1135           rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getGuard(*i, _options));
1136         }
1137         SGLightListBin::const_iterator j;
1138         for (j = _tileGeometryBin->odalLights.begin();
1139              j != _tileGeometryBin->odalLights.end(); ++j) {
1140           rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getOdal(*j, _options));
1141         }
1142         lightGroup->addChild(rwyLights);
1143       }
1144
1145       if (_tileGeometryBin->taxiLights.getNumLights() > 0) {
1146         osg::Group* taxiLights = new osg::Group;
1147         taxiLights->setStateSet(lightManager->getTaxiLightStateSet());
1148         taxiLights->setNodeMask(RUNWAYLIGHTS_BIT);
1149         EffectGeode* geode = new EffectGeode;
1150         geode->setEffect(runwayEffect);
1151         geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(_tileGeometryBin->taxiLights));
1152         taxiLights->addChild(geode);
1153         lightGroup->addChild(taxiLights);
1154       }
1155
1156       osg::LOD* lightLOD = NULL;
1157
1158       if (lightGroup->getNumChildren() > 0) {
1159         lightLOD = new osg::LOD;
1160         lightLOD->addChild(lightGroup.get(), 0, 60000);
1161         // VASI is always on, so doesn't use light bits.
1162         lightLOD->setNodeMask(LIGHTS_BITS | MODEL_BIT | PERMANENTLIGHT_BIT);
1163       }
1164
1165       return lightLOD;
1166     }
1167
1168     // Generate all the random forest, objects and buildings for the tile
1169     osg::LOD* generateRandomTileObjects()
1170     {
1171       SGMaterialLibPtr matlib;
1172       bool use_random_objects = false;
1173       bool use_random_vegetation = false;
1174       bool use_random_buildings = false;
1175       float vegetation_density = 1.0f;
1176       float building_density = 1.0f;
1177       bool useVBOs = false;
1178
1179       osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> randomObjects;
1180       osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> forestNode;
1181       osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> buildingNode;
1182
1183       if (_options) {
1184         matlib = _options->getMaterialLib();
1185         SGPropertyNode* propertyNode = _options->getPropertyNode().get();
1186         if (propertyNode) {
1187             use_random_objects
1188                 = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/random-objects",
1189                                              use_random_objects);
1190             use_random_vegetation
1191                 = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/random-vegetation",
1192                                              use_random_vegetation);
1193             vegetation_density
1194                 = propertyNode->getFloatValue("/sim/rendering/vegetation-density",
1195                                               vegetation_density);
1196             use_random_buildings
1197                 = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/random-buildings",
1198                                              use_random_buildings);
1199             building_density
1200                 = propertyNode->getFloatValue("/sim/rendering/building-density",
1201                                               building_density);
1202         }
1203
1204         useVBOs = (_options->getPluginStringData("SimGear::USE_VBOS") == "ON");
1205       }
1206
1207
1208
1209       if (matlib && (use_random_objects || use_random_buildings)) {
1210         _tileGeometryBin->computeRandomObjectsAndBuildings(_matcache,
1211                                                          building_density,
1212                                                          use_random_objects,
1213                                                          use_random_buildings,
1214                                                          useVBOs);
1215       }
1216
1217
1218       if (_tileGeometryBin->randomModels.getNumModels() > 0) {
1219         // Generate a repeatable random seed
1220         mt seed;
1221         mt_init(&seed, unsigned(123));
1222
1223         std::vector<ModelLOD> models;
1224         for (unsigned int i = 0;
1225              i < _tileGeometryBin->randomModels.getNumModels(); i++) {
1226           SGMatModelBin::MatModel obj
1227             = _tileGeometryBin->randomModels.getMatModel(i);
1228
1229           SGPropertyNode* root = _options->getPropertyNode()->getRootNode();
1230           osg::Node* node = obj.model->get_random_model(root, &seed);
1231
1232           // Create a matrix to place the object in the correct
1233           // location, and then apply the rotation matrix created
1234           // above, with an additional random (or taken from
1235           // the object mask) heading rotation if appropriate.
1236           osg::Matrix transformMat;
1237           transformMat = osg::Matrix::translate(toOsg(obj.position));
1238           if (obj.model->get_heading_type() == SGMatModel::HEADING_RANDOM) {
1239             // Rotate the object around the z axis.
1240             double hdg = mt_rand(&seed) * M_PI * 2;
1241             transformMat.preMult(osg::Matrix::rotate(hdg,
1242                                                      osg::Vec3d(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)));
1243           }
1244
1245           if (obj.model->get_heading_type() == SGMatModel::HEADING_MASK) {
1246             // Rotate the object around the z axis.
1247             double hdg =  - obj.rotation * M_PI * 2;
1248             transformMat.preMult(osg::Matrix::rotate(hdg,
1249                                                      osg::Vec3d(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)));
1250           }
1251
1252           osg::MatrixTransform* position =
1253             new osg::MatrixTransform(transformMat);
1254           position->setName("positionRandomModel");
1255           position->addChild(node);
1256           models.push_back(ModelLOD(position, obj.lod));
1257         }
1258         RandomObjectsQuadtree quadtree((GetModelLODCoord()), (AddModelLOD()));
1259         quadtree.buildQuadTree(models.begin(), models.end());
1260         randomObjects = quadtree.getRoot();
1261         randomObjects->setName("Random objects");
1262       }
1263
1264       if (! _tileGeometryBin->randomBuildings.empty()) {
1265         buildingNode = createRandomBuildings(_tileGeometryBin->randomBuildings, osg::Matrix::identity(),
1266                                     _options);
1267         buildingNode->setName("Random buildings");
1268         _tileGeometryBin->randomBuildings.clear();
1269       }
1270
1271       if (use_random_vegetation && matlib) {
1272         // Now add some random forest.
1273         _tileGeometryBin->computeRandomForest(_matcache, vegetation_density);
1274
1275         if (! _tileGeometryBin->randomForest.empty()) {
1276           forestNode = createForest(_tileGeometryBin->randomForest, osg::Matrix::identity(),
1277                                     _options);
1278           forestNode->setName("Random trees");
1279         }
1280       }
1281
1282       osg::LOD* objectLOD = NULL;
1283
1284       if (randomObjects.valid() ||  forestNode.valid() || buildingNode.valid()) {
1285         objectLOD = new osg::LOD;
1286
1287         if (randomObjects.valid()) objectLOD->addChild(randomObjects.get(), 0, 20000);
1288         if (forestNode.valid())  objectLOD->addChild(forestNode.get(), 0, 20000);
1289         if (buildingNode.valid()) objectLOD->addChild(buildingNode.get(), 0, 20000);
1290
1291         unsigned nodeMask = SG_NODEMASK_CASTSHADOW_BIT | SG_NODEMASK_RECEIVESHADOW_BIT | SG_NODEMASK_TERRAIN_BIT;
1292         objectLOD->setNodeMask(nodeMask);
1293       }
1294
1295       return objectLOD;
1296     }
1297
1298     /// The original options to use for this bunch of models
1299     osg::ref_ptr<SGReaderWriterOptions> _options;
1300     osg::ref_ptr<SGMaterialCache> _matcache;
1301     osg::ref_ptr<SGTileGeometryBin> _tileGeometryBin;
1302     string _path;
1303     bool _loadterrain;
1304 };
1305
1306 osg::Node*
1307 SGLoadBTG(const std::string& path, const simgear::SGReaderWriterOptions* options)
1308 {
1309     SGBinObject tile;
1310     if (!tile.read_bin(path))
1311       return NULL;
1312
1313     SGMaterialLibPtr matlib;
1314     osg::ref_ptr<SGMaterialCache> matcache;
1315     bool useVBOs = false;
1316     bool simplifyDistant = false;
1317     bool simplifyNear    = false;
1318     double ratio       = SG_SIMPLIFIER_RATIO;
1319     double maxLength   = SG_SIMPLIFIER_MAX_LENGTH;
1320     double maxError    = SG_SIMPLIFIER_MAX_ERROR;
1321     double object_range = SG_OBJECT_RANGE;
1322
1323     if (options) {
1324       matlib = options->getMaterialLib();
1325       useVBOs = (options->getPluginStringData("SimGear::USE_VBOS") == "ON");
1326       SGPropertyNode* propertyNode = options->getPropertyNode().get();
1327
1328       // We control whether we simplify the nearby terrain and distant terrain separatey.
1329       // However, we don't allow only simplifying the near terrain!
1330       simplifyNear = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/enabled-near", simplifyNear);
1331       simplifyDistant = simplifyNear || propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/enabled-far", simplifyDistant);
1332       ratio = propertyNode->getDoubleValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/ratio", ratio);
1333       maxLength = propertyNode->getDoubleValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/max-length", maxLength);
1334       maxError = propertyNode->getDoubleValue("/sim/rendering/terrain/simplifier/max-error", maxError);
1335                         object_range = propertyNode->getDoubleValue("/sim/rendering/static-lod/rough", object_range);
1336     }
1337
1338     SGVec3d center = tile.get_gbs_center();
1339     SGGeod geodPos = SGGeod::fromCart(center);
1340     SGQuatd hlOr = SGQuatd::fromLonLat(geodPos)*SGQuatd::fromEulerDeg(0, 0, 180);
1341     if (matlib)
1342         matcache = matlib->generateMatCache(geodPos);
1343
1344     // rotate the tiles so that the bounding boxes get nearly axis aligned.
1345     // this will help the collision tree's bounding boxes a bit ...
1346     std::vector<SGVec3d> nodes = tile.get_wgs84_nodes();
1347     for (unsigned i = 0; i < nodes.size(); ++i)
1348       nodes[i] = hlOr.transform(nodes[i]);
1349     tile.set_wgs84_nodes(nodes);
1350
1351     SGQuatf hlOrf(hlOr[0], hlOr[1], hlOr[2], hlOr[3]);
1352     std::vector<SGVec3f> normals = tile.get_normals();
1353     for (unsigned i = 0; i < normals.size(); ++i)
1354       normals[i] = hlOrf.transform(normals[i]);
1355     tile.set_normals(normals);
1356
1357     osg::ref_ptr<SGTileGeometryBin> tileGeometryBin = new SGTileGeometryBin;
1358
1359     if (!tileGeometryBin->insertBinObj(tile, matcache))
1360       return NULL;
1361
1362     osg::Node* node = tileGeometryBin->getSurfaceGeometry(matcache, useVBOs);
1363     if (node && simplifyDistant) {
1364       osgUtil::Simplifier simplifier(ratio, maxError, maxLength);
1365       node->accept(simplifier);
1366     }
1367
1368     // The toplevel transform for that tile.
1369     osg::MatrixTransform* transform = new osg::MatrixTransform;
1370     transform->setName(path);
1371     transform->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(toOsg(hlOr))*
1372                          osg::Matrix::translate(toOsg(center)));
1373
1374     // PagedLOD for the random objects so we don't need to generate
1375     // them all on tile loading.
1376     osg::PagedLOD* pagedLOD = new osg::PagedLOD;
1377     pagedLOD->setCenterMode(osg::PagedLOD::USE_BOUNDING_SPHERE_CENTER);
1378     pagedLOD->setName("pagedObjectLOD");
1379
1380     if (node) {
1381       if (simplifyNear == simplifyDistant) {
1382         // Same terrain type is used for both near and far distances,
1383         // so add it to the main group.
1384         osg::Group* terrainGroup = new osg::Group;
1385         terrainGroup->setName("BTGTerrainGroup");
1386         terrainGroup->addChild(node);
1387         transform->addChild(terrainGroup);
1388       } else if (simplifyDistant) {
1389         // Simplified terrain is only used in the distance, the
1390         // call-back below will re-generate the closer version
1391         pagedLOD->addChild(node, object_range + SG_TILE_RADIUS, FLT_MAX);
1392       }
1393     }
1394
1395     // we just need to know about the read file callback that itself holds the data
1396     osg::ref_ptr<RandomObjectCallback> randomObjectCallback = new RandomObjectCallback;
1397     randomObjectCallback->_options = SGReaderWriterOptions::copyOrCreate(options);
1398     randomObjectCallback->_tileGeometryBin = tileGeometryBin;
1399     randomObjectCallback->_path = std::string(path);
1400     randomObjectCallback->_loadterrain = ! (simplifyNear == simplifyDistant);
1401     randomObjectCallback->_matcache = matcache;
1402
1403     osg::ref_ptr<osgDB::Options> callbackOptions = new osgDB::Options;
1404     callbackOptions->setReadFileCallback(randomObjectCallback.get());
1405     pagedLOD->setDatabaseOptions(callbackOptions.get());
1406
1407     pagedLOD->setFileName(pagedLOD->getNumChildren(), "Dummy name - use the stored data in the read file callback");
1408     pagedLOD->setRange(pagedLOD->getNumChildren(), 0, object_range + SG_TILE_RADIUS);
1409     transform->addChild(pagedLOD);
1410     transform->setNodeMask( ~simgear::MODELLIGHT_BIT );
1411
1412     return transform;
1413 }