simgear/scene/tgdb/obj.cxx

   1 // obj.cxx -- routines to handle loading scenery and building the plib
   2 //            scene graph.
   3 //
   4 // Written by Curtis Olson, started October 1997.
   5 //
   6 // Copyright (C) 1997  Curtis L. Olson  - http://www.flightgear.org/~curt
   7 //
   8 // This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   9 // modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  10 // published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
  11 // License, or (at your option) any later version.
  12 //
  13 // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14 // WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  16 // General Public License for more details.
  17 //
  18 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19 // along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  20 // Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
  21 //
  22 // $Id$
  23
  24
  25 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  26 #  include <simgear_config.h>
  27 #endif
  28
  29 #include "obj.hxx"
  30
  31 #include <simgear/compiler.h>
  32
  33 #include <osg/Fog>
  34 #include <osg/Geode>
  35 #include <osg/Geometry>
  36 #include <osg/Group>
  37 #include <osg/LOD>
  38 #include <osg/MatrixTransform>
  39 #include <osg/Point>
  40 #include <osg/StateSet>
  41 #include <osg/Switch>
  42
  43 #include <boost/foreach.hpp>
  44
  45 #include <algorithm>
  46
  47 #include <simgear/debug/logstream.hxx>
  48 #include <simgear/io/sg_binobj.hxx>
  49 #include <simgear/math/sg_geodesy.hxx>
  50 #include <simgear/math/sg_random.h>
  51 #include <simgear/math/SGMisc.hxx>
  52 #include <simgear/scene/material/Effect.hxx>
  53 #include <simgear/scene/material/EffectGeode.hxx>
  54 #include <simgear/scene/material/mat.hxx>
  55 #include <simgear/scene/material/matmodel.hxx>
  56 #include <simgear/scene/material/matlib.hxx>
  57 #include <simgear/scene/model/SGOffsetTransform.hxx>
  58 #include <simgear/scene/util/SGUpdateVisitor.hxx>
  59 #include <simgear/scene/util/SGNodeMasks.hxx>
  60 #include <simgear/scene/util/QuadTreeBuilder.hxx>
  61 #include <simgear/scene/util/SGReaderWriterOptions.hxx>
  62
  63 #include "SGTexturedTriangleBin.hxx"
  64 #include "SGLightBin.hxx"
  65 #include "SGModelBin.hxx"
  66 #include "SGBuildingBin.hxx"
  67 #include "TreeBin.hxx"
  68 #include "SGDirectionalLightBin.hxx"
  69 #include "GroundLightManager.hxx"
  70
  71
  72 #include "pt_lights.hxx"
  73
  74 using namespace simgear;
  75
  76 typedef std::map<std::string,SGTexturedTriangleBin> SGMaterialTriangleMap;
  77 typedef std::list<SGLightBin> SGLightListBin;
  78 typedef std::list<SGDirectionalLightBin> SGDirectionalLightListBin;
  79
  80 struct SGTileGeometryBin {
  81   SGMaterialTriangleMap materialTriangleMap;
  82   SGLightBin tileLights;
  83   SGLightBin randomTileLights;
  84   SGTreeBinList randomForest;
  85   SGDirectionalLightBin runwayLights;
  86   SGDirectionalLightBin taxiLights;
  87   SGDirectionalLightListBin vasiLights;
  88   SGDirectionalLightListBin rabitLights;
  89   SGLightListBin odalLights;
  90   SGDirectionalLightListBin holdshortLights;
  91   SGDirectionalLightListBin guardLights;
  92   SGDirectionalLightListBin reilLights;
  93   SGMatModelBin randomModels;
  94   SGBuildingBinList randomBuildings;
  95
  96   static SGVec4f
  97   getMaterialLightColor(const SGMaterial* material)
  98   {
  99     if (!material)
 100       return SGVec4f(1, 1, 1, 0.8);
 101     return material->get_light_color();
 102   }
 103
 104   static void
 105   addPointGeometry(SGLightBin& lights,
 106                    const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices,
 107                    const SGVec4f& color,
 108                    const int_list& pts_v)
 109   {
 110     for (unsigned i = 0; i < pts_v.size(); ++i)
 111       lights.insert(toVec3f(vertices[pts_v[i]]), color);
 112   }
 113
 114   static void
 115   addPointGeometry(SGDirectionalLightBin& lights,
 116                    const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices,
 117                    const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals,
 118                    const SGVec4f& color,
 119                    const int_list& pts_v,
 120                    const int_list& pts_n)
 121   {
 122     // If the normal indices match the vertex indices, use seperate
 123     // normal indices. Else reuse the vertex indices for the normals.
 124     if (pts_v.size() == pts_n.size()) {
 125       for (unsigned i = 0; i < pts_v.size(); ++i)
 126         lights.insert(toVec3f(vertices[pts_v[i]]), normals[pts_n[i]], color);
 127     } else {
 128       for (unsigned i = 0; i < pts_v.size(); ++i)
 129         lights.insert(toVec3f(vertices[pts_v[i]]), normals[pts_v[i]], color);
 130     }
 131   }
 132
 133   bool
 134   insertPtGeometry(const SGBinObject& obj, SGMaterialLib* matlib)
 135   {
 136     if (obj.get_pts_v().size() != obj.get_pts_n().size()) {
 137       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 138              "Group list sizes for points do not match!");
 139       return false;
 140     }
 141
 142     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_pts_v().size(); ++grp) {
 143       std::string materialName = obj.get_pt_materials()[grp];
 144       SGMaterial* material = 0;
 145       if (matlib)
 146           material = matlib->find(materialName);
 147       SGVec4f color = getMaterialLightColor(material);
 148
 149       if (3 <= materialName.size() && materialName.substr(0, 3) != "RWY") {
 150         // Just plain lights. Not something for the runway.
 151         addPointGeometry(tileLights, obj.get_wgs84_nodes(), color,
 152                          obj.get_pts_v()[grp]);
 153       } else if (materialName == "RWY_BLUE_TAXIWAY_LIGHTS"
 154                  || materialName == "RWY_GREEN_TAXIWAY_LIGHTS") {
 155         addPointGeometry(taxiLights, obj.get_wgs84_nodes(), obj.get_normals(),
 156                          color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp], obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 157       } else if (materialName == "RWY_VASI_LIGHTS") {
 158         vasiLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 159         addPointGeometry(vasiLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 160                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 161                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 162       } else if (materialName == "RWY_SEQUENCED_LIGHTS") {
 163         rabitLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 164         addPointGeometry(rabitLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 165                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 166                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 167       } else if (materialName == "RWY_ODALS_LIGHTS") {
 168         odalLights.push_back(SGLightBin());
 169         addPointGeometry(odalLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 170                          color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp]);
 171       } else if (materialName == "RWY_YELLOW_PULSE_LIGHTS") {
 172         holdshortLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 173         addPointGeometry(holdshortLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 174                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 175                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 176       } else if (materialName == "RWY_GUARD_LIGHTS") {
 177         guardLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 178         addPointGeometry(guardLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 179                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 180                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 181       } else if (materialName == "RWY_REIL_LIGHTS") {
 182         reilLights.push_back(SGDirectionalLightBin());
 183         addPointGeometry(reilLights.back(), obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 184                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 185                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 186       } else {
 187         // what is left must be runway lights
 188         addPointGeometry(runwayLights, obj.get_wgs84_nodes(),
 189                          obj.get_normals(), color, obj.get_pts_v()[grp],
 190                          obj.get_pts_n()[grp]);
 191       }
 192     }
 193
 194     return true;
 195   }
 196
 197
 198   static SGVec2f
 199   getTexCoord(const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords, const int_list& tc,
 200               const SGVec2f& tcScale, unsigned i)
 201   {
 202     if (tc.empty())
 203       return tcScale;
 204     else if (tc.size() == 1)
 205       return mult(texCoords[tc[0]], tcScale);
 206     else
 207       return mult(texCoords[tc[i]], tcScale);
 208   }
 209
 210   static void
 211   addTriangleGeometry(SGTexturedTriangleBin& triangles,
 212                       const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices,
 213                       const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals,
 214                       const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords,
 215                       const int_list& tris_v,
 216                       const int_list& tris_n,
 217                       const int_list& tris_tc,
 218                       const SGVec2f& tcScale)
 219   {
 220     if (tris_v.size() != tris_n.size()) {
 221       // If the normal indices do not match, they should be inmplicitly
 222       // the same than the vertex indices. So just call ourselves again
 223       // with the matching index vector.
 224       addTriangleGeometry(triangles, vertices, normals, texCoords,
 225                           tris_v, tris_v, tris_tc, tcScale);
 226       return;
 227     }
 228
 229     for (unsigned i = 2; i < tris_v.size(); i += 3) {
 230       SGVertNormTex v0;
 231       v0.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[tris_v[i-2]]);
 232       v0.normal = normals[tris_n[i-2]];
 233       v0.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc, tcScale, i-2);
 234       SGVertNormTex v1;
 235       v1.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[tris_v[i-1]]);
 236       v1.normal = normals[tris_n[i-1]];
 237       v1.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc, tcScale, i-1);
 238       SGVertNormTex v2;
 239       v2.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[tris_v[i]]);
 240       v2.normal = normals[tris_n[i]];
 241       v2.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, tris_tc, tcScale, i);
 242       triangles.insert(v0, v1, v2);
 243     }
 244   }
 245
 246   static void
 247   addStripGeometry(SGTexturedTriangleBin& triangles,
 248                    const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices,
 249                    const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals,
 250                    const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords,
 251                    const int_list& strips_v,
 252                    const int_list& strips_n,
 253                    const int_list& strips_tc,
 254                    const SGVec2f& tcScale)
 255   {
 256     if (strips_v.size() != strips_n.size()) {
 257       // If the normal indices do not match, they should be inmplicitly
 258       // the same than the vertex indices. So just call ourselves again
 259       // with the matching index vector.
 260       addStripGeometry(triangles, vertices, normals, texCoords,
 261                        strips_v, strips_v, strips_tc, tcScale);
 262       return;
 263     }
 264
 265     for (unsigned i = 2; i < strips_v.size(); ++i) {
 266       SGVertNormTex v0;
 267       v0.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[strips_v[i-2]]);
 268       v0.normal = normals[strips_n[i-2]];
 269       v0.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc, tcScale, i-2);
 270       SGVertNormTex v1;
 271       v1.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[strips_v[i-1]]);
 272       v1.normal = normals[strips_n[i-1]];
 273       v1.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc, tcScale, i-1);
 274       SGVertNormTex v2;
 275       v2.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[strips_v[i]]);
 276       v2.normal = normals[strips_n[i]];
 277       v2.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, strips_tc, tcScale, i);
 278       if (i%2)
 279         triangles.insert(v1, v0, v2);
 280       else
 281         triangles.insert(v0, v1, v2);
 282     }
 283   }
 284
 285   static void
 286   addFanGeometry(SGTexturedTriangleBin& triangles,
 287                  const std::vector<SGVec3d>& vertices,
 288                  const std::vector<SGVec3f>& normals,
 289                  const std::vector<SGVec2f>& texCoords,
 290                  const int_list& fans_v,
 291                  const int_list& fans_n,
 292                  const int_list& fans_tc,
 293                  const SGVec2f& tcScale)
 294   {
 295     if (fans_v.size() != fans_n.size()) {
 296       // If the normal indices do not match, they should be implicitly
 297       // the same than the vertex indices. So just call ourselves again
 298       // with the matching index vector.
 299       addFanGeometry(triangles, vertices, normals, texCoords,
 300                      fans_v, fans_v, fans_tc, tcScale);
 301       return;
 302     }
 303
 304     SGVertNormTex v0;
 305     v0.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[fans_v[0]]);
 306     v0.normal = normals[fans_n[0]];
 307     v0.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc, tcScale, 0);
 308     SGVertNormTex v1;
 309     v1.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[fans_v[1]]);
 310     v1.normal = normals[fans_n[1]];
 311     v1.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc, tcScale, 1);
 312     for (unsigned i = 2; i < fans_v.size(); ++i) {
 313       SGVertNormTex v2;
 314       v2.vertex = toVec3f(vertices[fans_v[i]]);
 315       v2.normal = normals[fans_n[i]];
 316       v2.texCoord = getTexCoord(texCoords, fans_tc, tcScale, i);
 317       triangles.insert(v0, v1, v2);
 318       v1 = v2;
 319     }
 320   }
 321
 322   SGVec2f getTexCoordScale(const std::string& name, SGMaterialLib* matlib)
 323   {
 324     if (!matlib)
 325       return SGVec2f(1, 1);
 326     SGMaterial* material = matlib->find(name);
 327     if (!material)
 328       return SGVec2f(1, 1);
 329
 330     return material->get_tex_coord_scale();
 331   }
 332
 333   bool
 334   insertSurfaceGeometry(const SGBinObject& obj, SGMaterialLib* matlib)
 335   {
 336     if (obj.get_tris_n().size() < obj.get_tris_v().size() ||
 337         obj.get_tris_tc().size() < obj.get_tris_v().size()) {
 338       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 339              "Group list sizes for triangles do not match!");
 340       return false;
 341     }
 342
 343     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_tris_v().size(); ++grp) {
 344       std::string materialName = obj.get_tri_materials()[grp];
 345       SGVec2f tcScale = getTexCoordScale(materialName, matlib);
 346       addTriangleGeometry(materialTriangleMap[materialName],
 347                           obj.get_wgs84_nodes(), obj.get_normals(),
 348                           obj.get_texcoords(), obj.get_tris_v()[grp],
 349                           obj.get_tris_n()[grp], obj.get_tris_tc()[grp],
 350                           tcScale);
 351     }
 352
 353     if (obj.get_strips_n().size() < obj.get_strips_v().size() ||
 354         obj.get_strips_tc().size() < obj.get_strips_v().size()) {
 355       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 356              "Group list sizes for strips do not match!");
 357       return false;
 358     }
 359     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_strips_v().size(); ++grp) {
 360       std::string materialName = obj.get_strip_materials()[grp];
 361       SGVec2f tcScale = getTexCoordScale(materialName, matlib);
 362       addStripGeometry(materialTriangleMap[materialName],
 363                        obj.get_wgs84_nodes(), obj.get_normals(),
 364                        obj.get_texcoords(), obj.get_strips_v()[grp],
 365                        obj.get_strips_n()[grp], obj.get_strips_tc()[grp],
 366                        tcScale);
 367     }
 368
 369     if (obj.get_fans_n().size() < obj.get_fans_v().size() ||
 370         obj.get_fans_tc().size() < obj.get_fans_v().size()) {
 371       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_ALERT,
 372              "Group list sizes for fans do not match!");
 373       return false;
 374     }
 375     for (unsigned grp = 0; grp < obj.get_fans_v().size(); ++grp) {
 376       std::string materialName = obj.get_fan_materials()[grp];
 377       SGVec2f tcScale = getTexCoordScale(materialName, matlib);
 378       addFanGeometry(materialTriangleMap[materialName],
 379                      obj.get_wgs84_nodes(), obj.get_normals(),
 380                      obj.get_texcoords(), obj.get_fans_v()[grp],
 381                      obj.get_fans_n()[grp], obj.get_fans_tc()[grp],
 382                      tcScale);
 383     }
 384     return true;
 385   }
 386
 387   osg::Node* getSurfaceGeometry(SGMaterialLib* matlib) const
 388   {
 389     if (materialTriangleMap.empty())
 390       return 0;
 391
 392     EffectGeode* eg = 0;
 393     osg::Group* group = (materialTriangleMap.size() > 1 ? new osg::Group : 0);
 394     //osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
 395     SGMaterialTriangleMap::const_iterator i;
 396     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 397       osg::Geometry* geometry = i->second.buildGeometry();
 398       SGMaterial *mat = 0;
 399       if (matlib)
 400         mat = matlib->find(i->first);
 401       eg = new EffectGeode;
 402       if (mat)
 403         eg->setEffect(mat->get_effect(i->second));
 404       eg->addDrawable(geometry);
 405       eg->runGenerators(geometry);  // Generate extra data needed by effect
 406       if (group)
 407         group->addChild(eg);
 408     }
 409     if (group)
 410         return group;
 411     else
 412         return eg;
 413   }
 414
 415   void computeRandomSurfaceLights(SGMaterialLib* matlib)
 416   {
 417     SGMaterialTriangleMap::iterator i;
 418
 419     // generate a repeatable random seed
 420     mt seed;
 421     mt_init(&seed, unsigned(123));
 422
 423     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 424       SGMaterial *mat = matlib->find(i->first);
 425       if (!mat)
 426         continue;
 427
 428       float coverage = mat->get_light_coverage();
 429       if (coverage <= 0)
 430         continue;
 431       if (coverage < 10000.0) {
 432         SG_LOG(SG_INPUT, SG_ALERT, "Light coverage is "
 433                << coverage << ", pushing up to 10000");
 434         coverage = 10000;
 435       }
 436
 437       std::vector<SGVec3f> randomPoints;
 438       i->second.addRandomSurfacePoints(coverage, 3, mat->get_object_mask(i->second), randomPoints);
 439       std::vector<SGVec3f>::iterator j;
 440       for (j = randomPoints.begin(); j != randomPoints.end(); ++j) {
 441         float zombie = mt_rand(&seed);
 442         // factor = sg_random() ^ 2, range = 0 .. 1 concentrated towards 0
 443         float factor = mt_rand(&seed);
 444         factor *= factor;
 445
 446         float bright = 1;
 447         SGVec4f color;
 448         if ( zombie > 0.5 ) {
 449           // 50% chance of yellowish
 450           color = SGVec4f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.3f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 451         } else if (zombie > 0.15f) {
 452           // 35% chance of whitish
 453           color = SGVec4f(0.9, 0.9f, 0.8f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 454         } else if (zombie > 0.05f) {
 455           // 10% chance of orangish
 456           color = SGVec4f(0.9f, 0.6f, 0.2f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 457         } else {
 458           // 5% chance of redish
 459           color = SGVec4f(0.9f, 0.2f, 0.2f, bright - factor * 0.2f);
 460         }
 461         randomTileLights.insert(*j, color);
 462       }
 463     }
 464   }
 465
 466   void computeRandomObjectsAndBuildings(
 467     SGMaterialLib* matlib,
 468     float building_density,
 469     bool use_random_objects,
 470     bool use_random_buildings)
 471   {
 472     SGMaterialTriangleMap::iterator i;
 473
 474     // generate a repeatable random seed
 475     mt seed;
 476     mt_init(&seed, unsigned(123));
 477
 478     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 479       SGMaterial *mat = matlib->find(i->first);
 480       SGTexturedTriangleBin triangleBin = i->second;
 481
 482       if (!mat)
 483         continue;
 484
 485       osg::Texture2D* object_mask  = mat->get_object_mask(triangleBin);
 486       int   group_count            = mat->get_object_group_count();
 487       float building_coverage      = mat->get_building_coverage();
 488       float cos_zero_density_angle = mat->get_cos_object_zero_density_slope_angle();
 489       float cos_max_density_angle  = mat->get_cos_object_max_density_slope_angle();
 490
 491       bool found = false;
 492       SGBuildingBin* bin = NULL;
 493
 494       if (building_coverage > 0) {
 495         BOOST_FOREACH(bin, randomBuildings)
 496         {
 497           if (bin->getMaterialName() == mat->get_names()[0]) {
 498               found = true;
 499               break;
 500           }
 501         }
 502
 503         if (!found) {
 504           bin = new SGBuildingBin(mat);
 505           randomBuildings.push_back(bin);
 506         }
 507       }
 508
 509       unsigned num = i->second.getNumTriangles();
 510       int random_dropped = 0;
 511       int mask_dropped = 0;
 512       int building_dropped = 0;
 513       int triangle_dropped = 0;
 514
 515       for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
 516         SGTexturedTriangleBin::triangle_ref triangleRef = triangleBin.getTriangleRef(i);
 517
 518         SGVec3f vorigin = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[0]).vertex;
 519         SGVec3f v0 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[1]).vertex - vorigin;
 520         SGVec3f v1 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[2]).vertex - vorigin;
 521         SGVec2f torigin = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[0]).texCoord;
 522         SGVec2f t0 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[1]).texCoord - torigin;
 523         SGVec2f t1 = triangleBin.getVertex(triangleRef[2]).texCoord - torigin;
 524         SGVec3f normal = cross(v0, v1);
 525
 526         // Ensure the slope isn't too steep by checking the
 527         // cos of the angle between the slope normal and the
 528         // vertical (conveniently the z-component of the normalized
 529         // normal) and values passed in.
 530         float cos = normalize(normal).z();
 531         float slope_density = 1.0;
 532         if (cos < cos_zero_density_angle) continue; // Too steep for any objects
 533         if (cos < cos_max_density_angle) {
 534           slope_density =
 535             (cos - cos_zero_density_angle) /
 536             (cos_max_density_angle - cos_zero_density_angle);
 537         }
 538
 539         // Containers to hold the random buildings and objects generated
 540         // for this triangle for collision detection purposes.
 541         std::vector< std::pair< SGVec3f, float> > triangleObjectsList;
 542         std::vector< std::pair< SGVec3f, float> > triangleBuildingList;
 543
 544         // Compute the area
 545         float area = 0.5f*length(normal);
 546         if (area <= SGLimitsf::min())
 547           continue;
 548
 549         // Generate any random objects
 550         if (use_random_objects && (group_count > 0))
 551         {
 552           for (int j = 0; j < group_count; j++)
 553           {
 554             SGMatModelGroup *object_group =  mat->get_object_group(j);
 555             int nObjects = object_group->get_object_count();
 556
 557             if (nObjects == 0) continue;
 558
 559             // For each of the random models in the group, determine an appropriate
 560             // number of random placements and insert them.
 561             for (int k = 0; k < nObjects; k++) {
 562               SGMatModel * object = object_group->get_object(k);
 563
 564               // Determine the number of objecst to place, taking into account
 565               // the slope density factor.
 566               double n = slope_density * area / object->get_coverage_m2();
 567
 568               // Use the zombie door method to determine fractional object placement.
 569               n = n + mt_rand(&seed);
 570
 571               // place an object each unit of area
 572               while ( n > 1.0 ) {
 573                 float a = mt_rand(&seed);
 574                 float b = mt_rand(&seed);
 575                 if ( a + b > 1 ) {
 576                   a = 1 - a;
 577                   b = 1 - b;
 578                 }
 579
 580                 SGVec3f randomPoint = vorigin + a*v0 + b*v1;
 581                 float rotation = static_cast<float>(mt_rand(&seed));
 582
 583                 // Check that the point is sufficiently far from
 584                 // the edge of the triangle by measuring the distance
 585                 // from the three lines that make up the triangle.
 586                 float spacing = object->get_spacing_m();
 587
 588                 SGVec3f p = randomPoint - vorigin;
 589                 float edges[] = { length(cross(p     , p - v0)) / length(v0),
 590                                   length(cross(p - v0, p - v1)) / length(v1 - v0),
 591                                   length(cross(p - v1, p     )) / length(v1)      };
 592                 float edge_dist = *std::min_element(edges, edges + 3);
 593
 594                 if (edge_dist < spacing) {
 595                   n -= 1.0;
 596                   continue;
 597                 }
 598
 599                 if (object_mask != NULL) {
 600                   SGVec2f texCoord = torigin + a*t0 + b*t1;
 601
 602                   // Check this random point against the object mask
 603                   // blue (for buildings) channel.
 604                   osg::Image* img = object_mask->getImage();
 605                   unsigned int x = (int) (img->s() * texCoord.x()) % img->s();
 606                   unsigned int y = (int) (img->t() * texCoord.y()) % img->t();
 607
 608                   if (mt_rand(&seed) > img->getColor(x, y).b()) {
 609                     // Failed object mask check
 610                     n -= 1.0;
 611                     continue;
 612                   }
 613
 614                   rotation = img->getColor(x,y).r();
 615                 }
 616
 617                 bool close = false;
 618
 619                 // Check it isn't too close to any other random objects in the triangle
 620                 std::vector<std::pair<SGVec3f, float> >::iterator l;
 621                 for (l = triangleObjectsList.begin(); l != triangleObjectsList.end(); ++l) {
 622                   float min_dist2 = (l->second + object->get_spacing_m()) *
 623                                     (l->second + object->get_spacing_m());
 624
 625                   if (distSqr(l->first, randomPoint) > min_dist2) {
 626                     close = true;
 627                     continue;
 628                   }
 629                 }
 630
 631                 if (!close) {
 632                     triangleObjectsList.push_back(std::make_pair(randomPoint, object->get_spacing_m()));
 633                     randomModels.insert(randomPoint,
 634                                         object,
 635                                         (int)object->get_randomized_range_m(&seed),
 636                                         rotation);
 637                 }
 638
 639                 n -= 1.0;
 640               }
 641             }
 642           }
 643         }
 644
 645         // Random objects now generated.  Now generate the random buildings (if any);
 646         if (use_random_buildings && (building_coverage > 0) && (building_density > 0)) {
 647
 648           // Calculate the number of buildings, taking into account building density (which is linear)
 649           // and the slope density factor.
 650           double num = building_density * building_density * slope_density * area / building_coverage;
 651
 652           // For partial units of area, use a zombie door method to
 653           // create the proper random chance of an object being created
 654           // for this triangle.
 655           num = num + mt_rand(&seed);
 656
 657           if (num < 1.0f) {
 658             continue;
 659           }
 660
 661           // Cosine of the angle between the two vectors.
 662           float cosine = (dot(v0, v1) / (length(v0) * length(v1)));
 663
 664           // Determine a grid spacing in each vector such that the correct
 665           // coverage will result.
 666           float stepv0 = (sqrtf(building_coverage) / building_density) / length(v0) / sqrtf(1 - cosine * cosine);
 667           float stepv1 = (sqrtf(building_coverage) / building_density) / length(v1);
 668
 669           stepv0 = std::min(stepv0, 1.0f);
 670           stepv1 = std::min(stepv1, 1.0f);
 671
 672           // Start at a random point. a will be immediately incremented below.
 673           float a = -mt_rand(&seed) * stepv0;
 674           float b = mt_rand(&seed) * stepv1;
 675
 676           // Place an object each unit of area
 677           while (num > 1.0) {
 678
 679             // Set the next location to place a building
 680             a += stepv0;
 681
 682             if ((a + b) > 1.0f) {
 683               // Reached the end of the scan-line on v0. Reset and increment
 684               // scan-line on v1
 685               a = mt_rand(&seed) * stepv0;
 686               b += stepv1;
 687             }
 688
 689             if (b > 1.0f) {
 690               // In a degenerate case of a single point, we might be outside the
 691               // scanline.  Note that we need to still ensure that a+b < 1.
 692               b = mt_rand(&seed) * stepv1 * (1.0f - a);
 693             }
 694
 695             if ((a + b) > 1.0f ) {
 696               // Truly degenerate case - simply choose a random point guaranteed
 697               // to fulfil the constraing of a+b < 1.
 698               a = mt_rand(&seed);
 699               b = mt_rand(&seed) * (1.0f - a);
 700             }
 701
 702             SGVec3f randomPoint = vorigin + a*v0 + b*v1;
 703             float rotation = mt_rand(&seed);
 704
 705             if (object_mask != NULL) {
 706               SGVec2f texCoord = torigin + a*t0 + b*t1;
 707               osg::Image* img = object_mask->getImage();
 708               int x = (int) (img->s() * texCoord.x()) % img->s();
 709               int y = (int) (img->t() * texCoord.y()) % img->t();
 710
 711               // In some degenerate cases x or y can be < 1, in which case the mod operand fails
 712               while (x < 0) x += img->s();
 713               while (y < 0) y += img->t();
 714
 715               if (mt_rand(&seed) < img->getColor(x, y).b()) {
 716                 // Object passes mask. Rotation is taken from the red channel
 717                 rotation = img->getColor(x,y).r();
 718               } else {
 719                 // Fails mask test - try again.
 720                 mask_dropped++;
 721                 num -= 1.0;
 722                 continue;
 723               }
 724             }
 725
 726             // Check building isn't too close to the triangle edge.
 727             float type_roll = mt_rand(&seed);
 728             SGBuildingBin::BuildingType buildingtype = bin->getBuildingType(type_roll);
 729             float radius = bin->getBuildingMaxRadius(buildingtype);
 730
 731             // Determine the actual center of the building, by shifting from the
 732             // center of the front face to the true center.
 733             osg::Matrix rotationMat = osg::Matrix::rotate(- rotation * M_PI * 2,
 734                                                  osg::Vec3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
 735             SGVec3f buildingCenter = randomPoint + toSG(osg::Vec3f(-0.5 * bin->getBuildingMaxDepth(buildingtype), 0.0, 0.0) * rotationMat);
 736
 737             SGVec3f p = buildingCenter - vorigin;
 738             float edges[] = { length(cross(p     , p - v0)) / length(v0),
 739                               length(cross(p - v0, p - v1)) / length(v1 - v0),
 740                               length(cross(p - v1, p     )) / length(v1)      };
 741             float edge_dist = *std::min_element(edges, edges + 3);
 742
 743             if (edge_dist < radius) {
 744               num -= 1.0;
 745               triangle_dropped++;
 746               continue;
 747             }
 748
 749             // Check building isn't too close to random objects and other buildings.
 750             bool close = false;
 751             std::vector<std::pair<SGVec3f, float> >::iterator iter;
 752
 753             for (iter = triangleBuildingList.begin(); iter != triangleBuildingList.end(); ++iter) {
 754               float min_dist = iter->second + radius;
 755               if (distSqr(iter->first, buildingCenter) < min_dist * min_dist) {
 756                 close = true;
 757                 continue;
 758               }
 759             }
 760
 761             if (close) {
 762               num -= 1.0;
 763               building_dropped++;
 764               continue;
 765             }
 766
 767             for (iter = triangleObjectsList.begin(); iter != triangleObjectsList.end(); ++iter) {
 768               float min_dist = iter->second + radius;
 769               if (distSqr(iter->first, buildingCenter) < min_dist * min_dist) {
 770                 close = true;
 771                 continue;
 772               }
 773             }
 774
 775             if (close) {
 776               num -= 1.0;
 777               random_dropped++;
 778               continue;
 779             }
 780
 781             std::pair<SGVec3f, float> pt = std::make_pair(buildingCenter, radius);
 782             triangleBuildingList.push_back(pt);
 783             bin->insert(randomPoint, rotation, buildingtype);
 784             num -= 1.0;
 785           }
 786         }
 787
 788         triangleObjectsList.clear();
 789         triangleBuildingList.clear();
 790       }
 791
 792       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Random Buildings: " << ((bin) ? bin->getNumBuildings() : 0));
 793       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "  Dropped due to mask: " << mask_dropped);
 794       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "  Dropped due to random object: " << random_dropped);
 795       SG_LOG(SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "  Dropped due to other buildings: " << building_dropped);
 796     }
 797   }
 798
 799   void computeRandomForest(SGMaterialLib* matlib, float vegetation_density)
 800   {
 801     SGMaterialTriangleMap::iterator i;
 802
 803     // generate a repeatable random seed
 804     mt seed;
 805
 806     mt_init(&seed, unsigned(586));
 807
 808     for (i = materialTriangleMap.begin(); i != materialTriangleMap.end(); ++i) {
 809       SGMaterial *mat = matlib->find(i->first);
 810       if (!mat)
 811         continue;
 812
 813       float wood_coverage = mat->get_wood_coverage();
 814       if ((wood_coverage <= 0) || (vegetation_density <= 0))
 815         continue;
 816
 817       // Attributes that don't vary by tree but do vary by material
 818       bool found = false;
 819       TreeBin* bin = NULL;
 820
 821       BOOST_FOREACH(bin, randomForest)
 822       {
 823         if ((bin->texture           == mat->get_tree_texture()  ) &&
 824             (bin->texture_varieties == mat->get_tree_varieties()) &&
 825             (bin->range             == mat->get_tree_range()    ) &&
 826             (bin->width             == mat->get_tree_width()    ) &&
 827             (bin->height            == mat->get_tree_height()   )   ) {
 828             found = true;
 829             break;
 830         }
 831       }
 832
 833       if (!found) {
 834         bin = new TreeBin();
 835         bin->texture = mat->get_tree_texture();
 836           SG_LOG(SG_INPUT, SG_DEBUG, "Tree texture " << bin->texture);
 837         bin->range   = mat->get_tree_range();
 838         bin->width   = mat->get_tree_width();
 839         bin->height  = mat->get_tree_height();
 840         bin->texture_varieties = mat->get_tree_varieties();
 841         randomForest.push_back(bin);
 842       }
 843
 844       std::vector<SGVec3f> randomPoints;
 845       i->second.addRandomTreePoints(wood_coverage,
 846                                     mat->get_object_mask(i->second),
 847                                     vegetation_density,
 848                                     mat->get_cos_tree_max_density_slope_angle(),
 849                                     mat->get_cos_tree_zero_density_slope_angle(),
 850                                     randomPoints);
 851
 852       std::vector<SGVec3f>::iterator k;
 853       for (k = randomPoints.begin(); k != randomPoints.end(); ++k) {
 854         bin->insert(*k);
 855       }
 856     }
 857   }
 858
 859   bool insertBinObj(const SGBinObject& obj, SGMaterialLib* matlib)
 860   {
 861     if (!insertPtGeometry(obj, matlib))
 862       return false;
 863     if (!insertSurfaceGeometry(obj, matlib))
 864       return false;
 865     return true;
 866   }
 867 };
 868
 869 typedef std::pair<osg::Node*, int> ModelLOD;
 870 struct MakeQuadLeaf {
 871     osg::LOD* operator() () const { return new osg::LOD; }
 872 };
 873 struct AddModelLOD {
 874     void operator() (osg::LOD* leaf, ModelLOD& mlod) const
 875     {
 876         leaf->addChild(mlod.first, 0, mlod.second);
 877     }
 878 };
 879 struct GetModelLODCoord {
 880     GetModelLODCoord() {}
 881     GetModelLODCoord(const GetModelLODCoord& rhs)
 882     {}
 883     osg::Vec3 operator() (const ModelLOD& mlod) const
 884     {
 885         return mlod.first->getBound().center();
 886     }
 887 };
 888
 889 typedef QuadTreeBuilder<osg::LOD*, ModelLOD, MakeQuadLeaf, AddModelLOD,
 890                         GetModelLODCoord>  RandomObjectsQuadtree;
 891
 892 osg::Node*
 893 SGLoadBTG(const std::string& path, const simgear::SGReaderWriterOptions* options)
 894 {
 895   SGBinObject tile;
 896   if (!tile.read_bin(path))
 897     return NULL;
 898
 899   SGMaterialLib* matlib = 0;
 900   bool use_random_objects = false;
 901   bool use_random_vegetation = false;
 902   bool use_random_buildings = false;
 903   float vegetation_density = 1.0f;
 904   float building_density = 1.0f;
 905   if (options) {
 906     matlib = options->getMaterialLib();
 907     SGPropertyNode* propertyNode = options->getPropertyNode().get();
 908     if (propertyNode) {
 909         use_random_objects
 910             = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/random-objects",
 911                                          use_random_objects);
 912         use_random_vegetation
 913             = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/random-vegetation",
 914                                          use_random_vegetation);
 915         vegetation_density
 916             = propertyNode->getFloatValue("/sim/rendering/vegetation-density",
 917                                           vegetation_density);
 918         use_random_buildings
 919             = propertyNode->getBoolValue("/sim/rendering/random-buildings",
 920                                          use_random_buildings);
 921         building_density
 922             = propertyNode->getFloatValue("/sim/rendering/building-density",
 923                                           building_density);
 924     }
 925   }
 926
 927   SGVec3d center = tile.get_gbs_center();
 928   SGGeod geodPos = SGGeod::fromCart(center);
 929   SGQuatd hlOr = SGQuatd::fromLonLat(geodPos)*SGQuatd::fromEulerDeg(0, 0, 180);
 930
 931   // rotate the tiles so that the bounding boxes get nearly axis aligned.
 932   // this will help the collision tree's bounding boxes a bit ...
 933   std::vector<SGVec3d> nodes = tile.get_wgs84_nodes();
 934   for (unsigned i = 0; i < nodes.size(); ++i)
 935     nodes[i] = hlOr.transform(nodes[i]);
 936   tile.set_wgs84_nodes(nodes);
 937
 938   SGQuatf hlOrf(hlOr[0], hlOr[1], hlOr[2], hlOr[3]);
 939   std::vector<SGVec3f> normals = tile.get_normals();
 940   for (unsigned i = 0; i < normals.size(); ++i)
 941     normals[i] = hlOrf.transform(normals[i]);
 942   tile.set_normals(normals);
 943
 944   SGTileGeometryBin tileGeometryBin;
 945   if (!tileGeometryBin.insertBinObj(tile, matlib))
 946     return NULL;
 947
 948   SGVec3f up(0, 0, 1);
 949   GroundLightManager* lightManager = GroundLightManager::instance();
 950
 951   osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> lightGroup = new SGOffsetTransform(0.94);
 952   osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> randomObjects;
 953   osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> forestNode;
 954   osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> buildingNode;
 955   osg::Group* terrainGroup = new osg::Group;
 956
 957   osg::Node* node = tileGeometryBin.getSurfaceGeometry(matlib);
 958   if (node)
 959     terrainGroup->addChild(node);
 960
 961   if (matlib && (use_random_objects || use_random_buildings)) {
 962     tileGeometryBin.computeRandomObjectsAndBuildings(matlib,
 963                                                      building_density,
 964                                                      use_random_objects,
 965                                                      use_random_buildings);
 966   }
 967
 968   if (tileGeometryBin.randomModels.getNumModels() > 0) {
 969     // Generate a repeatable random seed
 970     mt seed;
 971     mt_init(&seed, unsigned(123));
 972
 973     std::vector<ModelLOD> models;
 974     for (unsigned int i = 0;
 975          i < tileGeometryBin.randomModels.getNumModels(); i++) {
 976       SGMatModelBin::MatModel obj
 977         = tileGeometryBin.randomModels.getMatModel(i);
 978
 979       SGPropertyNode* root = options->getPropertyNode()->getRootNode();
 980       osg::Node* node = obj.model->get_random_model(root, &seed);
 981
 982       // Create a matrix to place the object in the correct
 983       // location, and then apply the rotation matrix created
 984       // above, with an additional random (or taken from
 985       // the object mask) heading rotation if appropriate.
 986       osg::Matrix transformMat;
 987       transformMat = osg::Matrix::translate(toOsg(obj.position));
 988       if (obj.model->get_heading_type() == SGMatModel::HEADING_RANDOM) {
 989         // Rotate the object around the z axis.
 990         double hdg = mt_rand(&seed) * M_PI * 2;
 991         transformMat.preMult(osg::Matrix::rotate(hdg,
 992                                                  osg::Vec3d(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)));
 993       }
 994
 995       if (obj.model->get_heading_type() == SGMatModel::HEADING_MASK) {
 996         // Rotate the object around the z axis.
 997         double hdg =  - obj.rotation * M_PI * 2;
 998         transformMat.preMult(osg::Matrix::rotate(hdg,
 999                                                  osg::Vec3d(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)));
1000       }
1001
1002       osg::MatrixTransform* position =
1003         new osg::MatrixTransform(transformMat);
1004       position->addChild(node);
1005       models.push_back(ModelLOD(position, obj.lod));
1006     }
1007     RandomObjectsQuadtree quadtree((GetModelLODCoord()), (AddModelLOD()));
1008     quadtree.buildQuadTree(models.begin(), models.end());
1009     randomObjects = quadtree.getRoot();
1010     randomObjects->setName("Random objects");
1011   }
1012
1013   if (tileGeometryBin.randomBuildings.size() > 0) {
1014     buildingNode = createRandomBuildings(tileGeometryBin.randomBuildings, osg::Matrix::identity(),
1015                                 options);
1016     buildingNode->setName("Random buildings");
1017   }
1018
1019   if (use_random_vegetation && matlib) {
1020     // Now add some random forest.
1021     tileGeometryBin.computeRandomForest(matlib, vegetation_density);
1022
1023     if (tileGeometryBin.randomForest.size() > 0) {
1024       forestNode = createForest(tileGeometryBin.randomForest, osg::Matrix::identity(),
1025                                 options);
1026       forestNode->setName("Random trees");
1027     }
1028   }
1029
1030   // FIXME: ugly, has a side effect
1031   if (matlib)
1032     tileGeometryBin.computeRandomSurfaceLights(matlib);
1033
1034   if (tileGeometryBin.tileLights.getNumLights() > 0
1035       || tileGeometryBin.randomTileLights.getNumLights() > 0) {
1036     osg::Group* groundLights0 = new osg::Group;
1037     groundLights0->setStateSet(lightManager->getGroundLightStateSet());
1038     groundLights0->setNodeMask(GROUNDLIGHTS0_BIT);
1039     osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
1040     geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(tileGeometryBin.tileLights));
1041     geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(tileGeometryBin.randomTileLights, 4, -0.3f));
1042     groundLights0->addChild(geode);
1043     lightGroup->addChild(groundLights0);
1044   }
1045
1046   if (tileGeometryBin.randomTileLights.getNumLights() > 0) {
1047     osg::Group* groundLights1 = new osg::Group;
1048     groundLights1->setStateSet(lightManager->getGroundLightStateSet());
1049     groundLights1->setNodeMask(GROUNDLIGHTS1_BIT);
1050     osg::Group* groundLights2 = new osg::Group;
1051     groundLights2->setStateSet(lightManager->getGroundLightStateSet());
1052     groundLights2->setNodeMask(GROUNDLIGHTS2_BIT);
1053     osg::Geode* geode = new osg::Geode;
1054     geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(tileGeometryBin.randomTileLights, 2, -0.15f));
1055     groundLights1->addChild(geode);
1056     lightGroup->addChild(groundLights1);
1057     geode = new osg::Geode;
1058     geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(tileGeometryBin.randomTileLights));
1059     groundLights2->addChild(geode);
1060     lightGroup->addChild(groundLights2);
1061   }
1062
1063   if (!tileGeometryBin.vasiLights.empty()) {
1064     EffectGeode* vasiGeode = new EffectGeode;
1065     Effect* vasiEffect
1066         = getLightEffect(24, osg::Vec3(1, 0.0001, 0.000001), 1, 24, true);
1067     vasiGeode->setEffect(vasiEffect);
1068     SGVec4f red(1, 0, 0, 1);
1069     SGMaterial* mat = 0;
1070     if (matlib)
1071       mat = matlib->find("RWY_RED_LIGHTS");
1072     if (mat)
1073       red = mat->get_light_color();
1074     SGVec4f white(1, 1, 1, 1);
1075     mat = 0;
1076     if (matlib)
1077       mat = matlib->find("RWY_WHITE_LIGHTS");
1078     if (mat)
1079       white = mat->get_light_color();
1080     SGDirectionalLightListBin::const_iterator i;
1081     for (i = tileGeometryBin.vasiLights.begin();
1082          i != tileGeometryBin.vasiLights.end(); ++i) {
1083       vasiGeode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getVasi(up, *i, red, white));
1084     }
1085     vasiGeode->setStateSet(lightManager->getRunwayLightStateSet());
1086     lightGroup->addChild(vasiGeode);
1087   }
1088
1089   Effect* runwayEffect = 0;
1090   if (tileGeometryBin.runwayLights.getNumLights() > 0
1091       || !tileGeometryBin.rabitLights.empty()
1092       || !tileGeometryBin.reilLights.empty()
1093       || !tileGeometryBin.odalLights.empty()
1094       || tileGeometryBin.taxiLights.getNumLights() > 0)
1095       runwayEffect = getLightEffect(16, osg::Vec3(1, 0.001, 0.0002), 1, 16, true);
1096   if (tileGeometryBin.runwayLights.getNumLights() > 0
1097       || !tileGeometryBin.rabitLights.empty()
1098       || !tileGeometryBin.reilLights.empty()
1099       || !tileGeometryBin.odalLights.empty()
1100       || !tileGeometryBin.holdshortLights.empty()
1101       || !tileGeometryBin.guardLights.empty()) {
1102     osg::Group* rwyLights = new osg::Group;
1103     rwyLights->setStateSet(lightManager->getRunwayLightStateSet());
1104     rwyLights->setNodeMask(RUNWAYLIGHTS_BIT);
1105     if (tileGeometryBin.runwayLights.getNumLights() != 0) {
1106       EffectGeode* geode = new EffectGeode;
1107       geode->setEffect(runwayEffect);
1108       geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(tileGeometryBin
1109                                                    .runwayLights));
1110       rwyLights->addChild(geode);
1111     }
1112     SGDirectionalLightListBin::const_iterator i;
1113     for (i = tileGeometryBin.rabitLights.begin();
1114          i != tileGeometryBin.rabitLights.end(); ++i) {
1115       rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getSequenced(*i));
1116     }
1117     for (i = tileGeometryBin.reilLights.begin();
1118          i != tileGeometryBin.reilLights.end(); ++i) {
1119       rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getSequenced(*i));
1120     }
1121     for (i = tileGeometryBin.holdshortLights.begin();
1122          i != tileGeometryBin.holdshortLights.end(); ++i) {
1123       rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getHoldShort(*i));
1124     }
1125     for (i = tileGeometryBin.guardLights.begin();
1126          i != tileGeometryBin.guardLights.end(); ++i) {
1127       rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getGuard(*i));
1128     }
1129     SGLightListBin::const_iterator j;
1130     for (j = tileGeometryBin.odalLights.begin();
1131          j != tileGeometryBin.odalLights.end(); ++j) {
1132       rwyLights->addChild(SGLightFactory::getOdal(*j));
1133     }
1134     lightGroup->addChild(rwyLights);
1135   }
1136
1137   if (tileGeometryBin.taxiLights.getNumLights() > 0) {
1138     osg::Group* taxiLights = new osg::Group;
1139     taxiLights->setStateSet(lightManager->getTaxiLightStateSet());
1140     taxiLights->setNodeMask(RUNWAYLIGHTS_BIT);
1141     EffectGeode* geode = new EffectGeode;
1142     geode->setEffect(runwayEffect);
1143     geode->addDrawable(SGLightFactory::getLights(tileGeometryBin.taxiLights));
1144     taxiLights->addChild(geode);
1145     lightGroup->addChild(taxiLights);
1146   }
1147
1148   // The toplevel transform for that tile.
1149   osg::MatrixTransform* transform = new osg::MatrixTransform;
1150   transform->setName(path);
1151   transform->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(toOsg(hlOr))*
1152                        osg::Matrix::translate(toOsg(center)));
1153   transform->addChild(terrainGroup);
1154   if (lightGroup->getNumChildren() > 0) {
1155     osg::LOD* lightLOD = new osg::LOD;
1156     lightLOD->addChild(lightGroup.get(), 0, 60000);
1157     // VASI is always on, so doesn't use light bits.
1158     lightLOD->setNodeMask(LIGHTS_BITS | MODEL_BIT | PERMANENTLIGHT_BIT);
1159     transform->addChild(lightLOD);
1160   }
1161
1162   if (randomObjects.valid() || forestNode.valid() || buildingNode.valid()) {
1163
1164     // Add a LoD node, so we don't try to display anything when the tile center
1165     // is more than 20km away.
1166     osg::LOD* objectLOD = new osg::LOD;
1167
1168     if (randomObjects.valid()) objectLOD->addChild(randomObjects.get(), 0, 20000);
1169     if (forestNode.valid())  objectLOD->addChild(forestNode.get(), 0, 20000);
1170     if (buildingNode.valid()) objectLOD->addChild(buildingNode.get(), 0, 20000);
1171
1172     unsigned nodeMask = SG_NODEMASK_CASTSHADOW_BIT | SG_NODEMASK_RECEIVESHADOW_BIT | SG_NODEMASK_TERRAIN_BIT;
1173     objectLOD->setNodeMask(nodeMask);
1174     transform->addChild(objectLOD);
1175   }
1176   transform->setNodeMask( ~simgear::MODELLIGHT_BIT );
1177
1178   return transform;
1179 }