1 /*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
3 Module: FGPropeller.cpp
6 Purpose: Encapsulates the propeller object
8 ------------- Copyright (C) 2000 Jon S. Berndt (jsb@hal-pc.org) -------------
10 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
11 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
12 Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
15 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
16 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
17 FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
21 this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
22 Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
24 Further information about the GNU General Public License can also be found on
25 the world wide web at http://www.gnu.org.
27 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
28 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
36 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
40 #include "FGPropeller.h"
41 #include "FGPropagate.h"
42 #include "FGAtmosphere.h"
43 #include "FGAuxiliary.h"
47 static const char *IdSrc = "$Id$";
48 static const char *IdHdr = ID_PROPELLER;
50 /*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
52 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
54 // This class currently makes certain assumptions when calculating torque and
55 // p-factor. That is, that the axis of rotation is the X axis of the aircraft -
56 // not just the X-axis of the engine/propeller. This may or may not work for a
59 FGPropeller::FGPropeller(FGFDMExec* exec, FGConfigFile* Prop_cfg, int num) : FGThruster(exec)
64 MaxPitch = MinPitch = P_Factor = Sense = Pitch = Advance = 0.0;
67 Name = Prop_cfg->GetValue("NAME");
68 Prop_cfg->GetNextConfigLine();
69 while (Prop_cfg->GetValue() != string("/FG_PROPELLER")) {
73 } else if (token == "DIAMETER") {
74 *Prop_cfg >> Diameter;
76 } else if (token == "NUMBLADES") {
77 *Prop_cfg >> numBlades;
78 } else if (token == "GEARRATIO") {
79 *Prop_cfg >> GearRatio;
80 } else if (token == "MINPITCH") {
81 *Prop_cfg >> MinPitch;
82 } else if (token == "MAXPITCH") {
83 *Prop_cfg >> MaxPitch;
84 } else if (token == "MINRPM") {
86 } else if (token == "MAXRPM") {
88 } else if (token == "C_THRUST") {
89 *Prop_cfg >> rows >> cols;
90 if (cols == 1) cThrust = new FGTable(rows);
91 else cThrust = new FGTable(rows, cols);
92 *cThrust << *Prop_cfg;
93 } else if (token == "C_POWER") {
94 *Prop_cfg >> rows >> cols;
95 if (cols == 1) cPower = new FGTable(rows);
96 else cPower = new FGTable(rows, cols);
98 } else if (token == "EOF") {
99 cerr << " End of file reached" << endl;
102 cerr << "Unhandled token in Propeller config file: " << token << endl;
108 vTorque.InitMatrix();
110 char property_name[80];
111 snprintf(property_name, 80, "propulsion/c-thrust[%u]", EngineNum);
112 PropertyManager->Tie( property_name, &ThrustCoeff );
117 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
119 FGPropeller::~FGPropeller()
121 if (cThrust) delete cThrust;
122 if (cPower) delete cPower;
124 char property_name[80];
125 snprintf(property_name, 80, "propulsion/c-thrust[%u]", EngineNum);
126 PropertyManager->Untie( property_name );
131 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
133 // We must be getting the aerodynamic velocity here, NOT the inertial velocity.
134 // We need the velocity with respect to the wind.
136 // Note that PowerAvailable is the excess power available after the drag of the
137 // propeller has been subtracted. At equilibrium, PowerAvailable will be zero -
138 // indicating that the propeller will not accelerate or decelerate.
139 // Remembering that Torque * omega = Power, we can derive the torque on the
140 // propeller and its acceleration to give a new RPM. The current RPM will be
141 // used to calculate thrust.
143 // Because RPM could be zero, we need to be creative about what RPM is stated as.
145 double FGPropeller::Calculate(double PowerAvailable)
148 double Vel = fdmex->GetAuxiliary()->GetAeroUVW(eU);
149 double rho = fdmex->GetAtmosphere()->GetDensity();
150 double RPS = RPM/60.0;
154 J = Vel / (Diameter * RPS);
159 if (MaxPitch == MinPitch) { // Fixed pitch prop
160 ThrustCoeff = cThrust->GetValue(J);
161 } else { // Variable pitch prop
162 ThrustCoeff = cThrust->GetValue(J, Pitch);
165 if (P_Factor > 0.0001) {
166 alpha = fdmex->GetAuxiliary()->Getalpha();
167 beta = fdmex->GetAuxiliary()->Getbeta();
168 SetActingLocationY( GetLocationY() + P_Factor*alpha*Sense);
169 SetActingLocationZ( GetLocationZ() + P_Factor*beta*Sense);
170 } else if (P_Factor < 0.000) {
171 cerr << "P-Factor value in config file must be greater than zero" << endl;
174 Thrust = ThrustCoeff*RPS*RPS*Diameter*Diameter*Diameter*Diameter*rho;
175 omega = RPS*2.0*M_PI;
179 // The Ixx value and rotation speed given below are for rotation about the
180 // natural axis of the engine. The transform takes place in the base class
181 // FGForce::GetBodyForces() function.
183 vH(eX) = Ixx*omega*Sense;
187 if (omega <= 5) omega = 1.0;
189 ExcessTorque = PowerAvailable / omega * GearRatio;
190 RPM = (RPS + ((ExcessTorque / Ixx) / (2.0 * M_PI)) * deltaT) * 60.0;
192 // The friction from the engine should
193 // stop it somewhere; I chose an
198 vMn = fdmex->GetPropagate()->GetPQR()*vH + vTorque*Sense;
200 return Thrust; // return thrust in pounds
203 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
205 double FGPropeller::GetPowerRequired(void)
207 if (RPM <= 0.10) return 0.0; // If the prop ain't turnin', the fuel ain't burnin'.
209 double cPReq, RPS = RPM / 60.0;
211 double J = fdmex->GetAuxiliary()->GetAeroUVW(eU) / (Diameter * RPS);
212 double rho = fdmex->GetAtmosphere()->GetDensity();
214 if (MaxPitch == MinPitch) { // Fixed pitch prop
216 cPReq = cPower->GetValue(J);
217 } else { // Variable pitch prop
219 if (MaxRPM != MinRPM) { // fixed-speed prop
220 double rpmReq = MinRPM + (MaxRPM - MinRPM) * Advance;
221 double dRPM = rpmReq - RPM;
225 if (Pitch < MinPitch) Pitch = MinPitch;
226 else if (Pitch > MaxPitch) Pitch = MaxPitch;
229 Pitch = MinPitch + (MaxPitch - MinPitch) * Advance;
231 cPReq = cPower->GetValue(J, Pitch);
234 PowerRequired = cPReq*RPS*RPS*RPS*Diameter*Diameter*Diameter*Diameter
236 vTorque(eX) = -Sense*PowerRequired / (RPS*2.0*M_PI);
238 return PowerRequired;
241 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
243 FGColumnVector3 FGPropeller::GetPFactor()
245 double px=0.0, py, pz;
247 py = Thrust * Sense * (GetActingLocationY() - GetLocationY()) / 12.0;
248 pz = Thrust * Sense * (GetActingLocationZ() - GetLocationZ()) / 12.0;
250 return FGColumnVector3(px, py, pz);
253 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
255 string FGPropeller::GetThrusterLabels(int id)
257 std::ostringstream buf;
259 buf << Name << "_Torque[" << id << "], "
260 << Name << "_PFactor_Pitch[" << id << "], "
261 << Name << "_PFactor_Yaw[" << id << "], "
262 << Name << "_Thrust[" << id << "], ";
264 buf << Name << "_Pitch[" << id << "], ";
265 buf << Name << "_RPM[" << id << "]";
270 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
272 string FGPropeller::GetThrusterValues(int id)
274 std::ostringstream buf;
276 FGColumnVector3 vPFactor = GetPFactor();
277 buf << vTorque(eX) << ", "
278 << vPFactor(ePitch) << ", "
279 << vPFactor(eYaw) << ", "
282 buf << Pitch << ", ";
288 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
289 // The bitmasked value choices are as follows:
290 // unset: In this case (the default) JSBSim would only print
291 // out the normally expected messages, essentially echoing
292 // the config files as they are read. If the environment
293 // variable is not set, debug_lvl is set to 1 internally
294 // 0: This requests JSBSim not to output any messages
296 // 1: This value explicity requests the normal JSBSim
298 // 2: This value asks for a message to be printed out when
299 // a class is instantiated
300 // 4: When this value is set, a message is displayed when a
301 // FGModel object executes its Run() method
302 // 8: When this value is set, various runtime state variables
303 // are printed out periodically
304 // 16: When set various parameters are sanity checked and
305 // a message is printed out when they go out of bounds
307 void FGPropeller::Debug(int from)
309 if (debug_lvl <= 0) return;
311 if (debug_lvl & 1) { // Standard console startup message output
312 if (from == 0) { // Constructor
313 cout << "\n Propeller Name: " << Name << endl;
314 cout << " IXX = " << Ixx << endl;
315 cout << " Diameter = " << Diameter << " ft." << endl;
316 cout << " Number of Blades = " << numBlades << endl;
317 cout << " Minimum Pitch = " << MinPitch << endl;
318 cout << " Maximum Pitch = " << MaxPitch << endl;
319 cout << " Thrust Coefficient: " << endl;
321 cout << " Power Coefficient: " << endl;
325 if (debug_lvl & 2 ) { // Instantiation/Destruction notification
326 if (from == 0) cout << "Instantiated: FGPropeller" << endl;
327 if (from == 1) cout << "Destroyed: FGPropeller" << endl;
329 if (debug_lvl & 4 ) { // Run() method entry print for FGModel-derived objects
331 if (debug_lvl & 8 ) { // Runtime state variables
333 if (debug_lvl & 16) { // Sanity checking
335 if (debug_lvl & 64) {
336 if (from == 0) { // Constructor
337 cout << IdSrc << endl;
338 cout << IdHdr << endl;