1 /*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
3 Module: FGSimTurbine.cpp
5 Date started: 03/11/2003
6 Purpose: This module models a turbine engine.
8 ------------- Copyright (C) 2003 David Culp (davidculp2@comcast.net) ---------
10 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
11 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
12 Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
15 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
16 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
17 FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
21 this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
22 Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
24 Further information about the GNU General Public License can also be found on
25 the world wide web at http://www.gnu.org.
27 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
28 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30 This class descends from the FGEngine class and models a Turbine engine based
31 on parameters given in the engine config file for this class
34 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 03/11/2003 DPC Created
36 09/08/2003 DPC Changed Calculate() and added engine phases
38 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
40 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
43 #include "FGSimTurbine.h"
47 static const char *IdSrc = "$Id$";
48 static const char *IdHdr = ID_SIMTURBINE;
50 /*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
52 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
55 FGSimTurbine::FGSimTurbine(FGFDMExec* exec, FGConfigFile* cfg) : FGEngine(exec)
58 FGEngine::Type=etSimTurbine;
63 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
65 FGSimTurbine::~FGSimTurbine()
70 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
71 // The main purpose of Calculate() is to determine what phase the engine should
72 // be in, then call the corresponding function.
74 double FGSimTurbine::Calculate(double dummy)
76 TAT = (Auxiliary->GetTotalTemperature() - 491.69) * 0.5555556;
77 dt = State->Getdt() * Propulsion->GetRate();
78 ThrottleCmd = FCS->GetThrottleCmd(EngineNumber);
80 // When trimming is finished check if user wants engine OFF or RUNNING
81 if ((phase == tpTrim) && (dt > 0)) {
82 if (Running && !Starved) {
86 OilTemp_degK = TAT + 10;
96 if (!Running && Cutoff && Starter) {
97 if (phase == tpOff) phase = tpSpinUp;
99 if (!Running && !Cutoff && (N2 > 15.0)) phase = tpStart;
100 if (Cutoff && (phase != tpSpinUp)) phase = tpOff;
101 if (dt == 0) phase = tpTrim;
102 if (Starved) phase = tpOff;
103 if (Stalled) phase = tpStall;
104 if (Seized) phase = tpSeize;
107 case tpOff: Thrust = Off(); break;
108 case tpRun: Thrust = Run(); break;
109 case tpSpinUp: Thrust = SpinUp(); break;
110 case tpStart: Thrust = Start(); break;
111 case tpStall: Thrust = Stall(); break;
112 case tpSeize: Thrust = Seize(); break;
113 case tpTrim: Thrust = Trim(); break;
114 default: Thrust = Off();
120 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
122 double FGSimTurbine::Off(void)
124 double qbar = Translation->Getqbar();
127 N1 = Seek(&N1, qbar/10.0, N1/2.0, N1/2.0);
128 N2 = Seek(&N2, qbar/15.0, N2/2.0, N2/2.0);
129 EGT_degC = Seek(&EGT_degC, TAT, 11.7, 7.3);
130 OilTemp_degK = Seek(&OilTemp_degK, TAT + 273.0, 0.2, 0.2);
131 OilPressure_psi = N2 * 0.62;
136 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
138 double FGSimTurbine::Run(void)
140 double idlethrust, milthrust, thrust;
141 double N2norm; // 0.0 = idle N2, 1.0 = maximum N2
142 idlethrust = MaxMilThrust * ThrustTables[0]->TotalValue();
143 milthrust = (MaxMilThrust - idlethrust) * ThrustTables[1]->TotalValue();
148 N2 = Seek(&N2, IdleN2 + ThrottleCmd * N2_factor, delay, delay * 3.0);
149 N1 = Seek(&N1, IdleN1 + ThrottleCmd * N1_factor, delay, delay * 2.4);
150 N2norm = (N2 - IdleN2) / N2_factor;
151 thrust = idlethrust + (milthrust * N2norm * N2norm);
152 FuelFlow_pph = thrust * TSFC;
153 thrust = thrust * (1.0 - BleedDemand);
154 if (FuelFlow_pph < IdleFF) FuelFlow_pph = IdleFF;
155 EGT_degC = TAT + 363.1 + ThrottleCmd * 357.1;
156 OilPressure_psi = N2 * 0.62;
157 OilTemp_degK = Seek(&OilTemp_degK, 366.0, 1.2, 0);
158 EPR = 1.0 + thrust/MaxMilThrust;
159 NozzlePosition = Seek(&NozzlePosition, 1.0 - N2norm, 0.8, 0.8);
160 if (Reversed) thrust = thrust * -0.2;
162 if (AugMethod == 1) {
163 if ((ThrottleCmd > 0.99) && (N2 > 97.0)) {Augmentation = true;}
164 else {Augmentation = false;}
167 if ((Augmented == 1) && Augmentation) {
168 thrust = thrust * ThrustTables[2]->TotalValue();
169 FuelFlow_pph = thrust * ATSFC;
170 NozzlePosition = Seek(&NozzlePosition, 1.0, 0.8, 0);
173 if ((Injected == 1) && Injection)
174 thrust = thrust * ThrustTables[3]->TotalValue();
177 if (Cutoff) phase = tpOff;
178 if (Starved) phase = tpOff;
182 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
184 double FGSimTurbine::SpinUp(void)
188 N2 = Seek(&N2, 25.18, 3.0, N2/2.0);
189 N1 = Seek(&N1, 5.21, 1.0, N1/2.0);
191 OilPressure_psi = N2 * 0.62;
192 OilTemp_degK = TAT + 273.0;
194 NozzlePosition = 1.0;
198 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
200 double FGSimTurbine::Start(void)
202 if ((N2 > 15.0) && !Starved) { // minimum 15% N2 needed for start
205 N2 = Seek(&N2, IdleN2, 2.0, N2/2.0);
206 N1 = Seek(&N1, IdleN1, 1.4, N1/2.0);
207 EGT_degC = Seek(&EGT_degC, TAT + 363.1, 21.3, 7.3);
208 FuelFlow_pph = Seek(&FuelFlow_pph, IdleFF, 103.7, 103.7);
209 OilPressure_psi = N2 * 0.62;
218 else { // no start if N2 < 15%
225 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
227 double FGSimTurbine::Stall(void)
229 double qbar = Translation->Getqbar();
230 EGT_degC = TAT + 903.14;
231 FuelFlow_pph = IdleFF;
232 N1 = Seek(&N1, qbar/10.0, 0, N1/10.0);
233 N2 = Seek(&N2, qbar/15.0, 0, N2/10.0);
234 if (ThrottleCmd == 0) phase = tpRun; // clear the stall with throttle
238 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
240 double FGSimTurbine::Seize(void)
242 double qbar = Translation->Getqbar();
244 N1 = Seek(&N1, qbar/20.0, 0, N1/15.0);
245 FuelFlow_pph = IdleFF;
246 OilPressure_psi = 0.0;
247 OilTemp_degK = Seek(&OilTemp_degK, TAT + 273.0, 0, 0.2);
252 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
254 double FGSimTurbine::Trim(void)
256 double idlethrust, milthrust, thrust;
257 idlethrust = MaxMilThrust * ThrustTables[0]->TotalValue();
258 milthrust = (MaxMilThrust - idlethrust) * ThrustTables[1]->TotalValue();
259 thrust = idlethrust + (milthrust * ThrottleCmd * ThrottleCmd);
263 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
265 double FGSimTurbine::CalcFuelNeed(void)
267 return FuelFlow_pph /3600 * State->Getdt() * Propulsion->GetRate();
270 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
272 double FGSimTurbine::GetPowerAvailable(void) {
273 if( ThrottleCmd <= 0.77 )
274 return 64.94*ThrottleCmd;
276 return 217.38*ThrottleCmd - 117.38;
279 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
281 double FGSimTurbine::Seek(double *var, double target, double accel, double decel) {
285 if (v < target) v = target;
286 } else if (v < target) {
288 if (v > target) v = target;
293 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
295 void FGSimTurbine::SetDefaults(void)
297 Name = "None_Defined";
298 MaxMilThrust = 10000.0;
312 NozzlePosition = 1.0;
313 Augmentation = false;
323 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
325 bool FGSimTurbine::Load(FGConfigFile *Eng_cfg)
329 Name = Eng_cfg->GetValue("NAME");
330 cout << Name << endl;
331 Eng_cfg->GetNextConfigLine();
332 *Eng_cfg >> token >> MaxMilThrust;
333 *Eng_cfg >> token >> BypassRatio;
334 *Eng_cfg >> token >> TSFC;
335 *Eng_cfg >> token >> ATSFC;
336 *Eng_cfg >> token >> IdleN1;
337 *Eng_cfg >> token >> IdleN2;
338 *Eng_cfg >> token >> MaxN1;
339 *Eng_cfg >> token >> MaxN2;
340 *Eng_cfg >> token >> Augmented;
341 *Eng_cfg >> token >> AugMethod;
342 *Eng_cfg >> token >> Injected;
344 while( Eng_cfg->GetValue() != string("/FG_SIMTURBINE") && i < 10){
345 ThrustTables.push_back( new FGCoefficient(FDMExec) );
346 ThrustTables.back()->Load(Eng_cfg);
350 // pre-calculations and initializations
351 delay= 60.0 / (BypassRatio + 3.0);
352 N1_factor = MaxN1 - IdleN1;
353 N2_factor = MaxN2 - IdleN2;
354 OilTemp_degK = (Auxiliary->GetTotalTemperature() - 491.69) * 0.5555556 + 273.0;
355 IdleFF = pow(MaxMilThrust, 0.2) * 107.0; // just an estimate
360 //%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
361 // The bitmasked value choices are as follows:
362 // unset: In this case (the default) JSBSim would only print
363 // out the normally expected messages, essentially echoing
364 // the config files as they are read. If the environment
365 // variable is not set, debug_lvl is set to 1 internally
366 // 0: This requests JSBSim not to output any messages
368 // 1: This value explicity requests the normal JSBSim
370 // 2: This value asks for a message to be printed out when
371 // a class is instantiated
372 // 4: When this value is set, a message is displayed when a
373 // FGModel object executes its Run() method
374 // 8: When this value is set, various runtime state variables
375 // are printed out periodically
376 // 16: When set various parameters are sanity checked and
377 // a message is printed out when they go out of bounds
379 void FGSimTurbine::Debug(int from)
381 if (debug_lvl <= 0) return;
383 if (debug_lvl & 1) { // Standard console startup message output
384 if (from == 0) { // Constructor
388 if (debug_lvl & 2 ) { // Instantiation/Destruction notification
389 if (from == 0) cout << "Instantiated: FGSimTurbine" << endl;
390 if (from == 1) cout << "Destroyed: FGSimTurbine" << endl;
392 if (debug_lvl & 4 ) { // Run() method entry print for FGModel-derived objects
394 if (debug_lvl & 8 ) { // Runtime state variables
396 if (debug_lvl & 16) { // Sanity checking
398 if (debug_lvl & 64) {
399 if (from == 0) { // Constructor
400 cout << IdSrc << endl;
401 cout << IdHdr << endl;