3 * @copyright Copyright (C) 2010-2022, the Friendica project
5 * @license GNU AGPL version 3 or any later version
7 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
10 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
18 * along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 namespace Friendica\Model\Contact;
25 use Friendica\Core\Logger;
26 use Friendica\Core\Protocol;
27 use Friendica\Database\Database;
28 use Friendica\Database\DBA;
30 use Friendica\Model\APContact;
31 use Friendica\Model\Contact;
32 use Friendica\Model\Profile;
33 use Friendica\Model\User;
34 use Friendica\Protocol\ActivityPub;
35 use Friendica\Util\DateTimeFormat;
36 use Friendica\Util\Strings;
39 * This class provides relationship information based on the `contact-relation` table.
40 * This table is directional (cid = source, relation-cid = target), references public contacts (with uid=0) and records both
41 * follows and the last interaction (likes/comments) on public posts.
46 * No discovery of followers/followings
48 const DISCOVERY_NONE = 0;
50 * Discover followers/followings of local contacts
52 const DISCOVERY_LOCAL = 1;
54 * Discover followers/followings of local contacts and contacts that visibly interacted on the system
56 const DISCOVERY_INTERACTOR = 2;
58 * Discover followers/followings of all contacts
60 const DISCOVERY_ALL = 3;
62 public static function store(int $target, int $actor, string $interaction_date)
64 if ($actor == $target) {
68 DBA::insert('contact-relation', ['last-interaction' => $interaction_date, 'cid' => $target, 'relation-cid' => $actor], Database::INSERT_UPDATE);
72 * Fetches the followers of a given profile and adds them
74 * @param string $url URL of a profile
77 public static function discoverByUrl(string $url)
79 $contact = Contact::getByURL($url);
80 if (empty($contact)) {
81 Logger::info('Contact not found', ['url' => $url]);
85 if (!self::isDiscoverable($url, $contact)) {
86 Logger::info('Contact is not discoverable', ['url' => $url]);
90 $uid = User::getIdForURL($url);
92 Logger::info('Fetch the followers/followings locally', ['url' => $url]);
93 $followers = self::getContacts($uid, [Contact::FOLLOWER, Contact::FRIEND]);
94 $followings = self::getContacts($uid, [Contact::SHARING, Contact::FRIEND]);
95 } elseif (!Contact::isLocal($url)) {
96 Logger::info('Fetch the followers/followings by polling the endpoints', ['url' => $url]);
97 $apcontact = APContact::getByURL($url, false);
99 if (!empty($apcontact['followers']) && is_string($apcontact['followers'])) {
100 $followers = ActivityPub::fetchItems($apcontact['followers']);
105 if (!empty($apcontact['following']) && is_string($apcontact['following'])) {
106 $followings = ActivityPub::fetchItems($apcontact['following']);
111 Logger::warning('Contact seems to be local but could not be found here', ['url' => $url]);
116 if (empty($followers) && empty($followings)) {
117 Contact::update(['last-discovery' => DateTimeFormat::utcNow()], ['id' => $contact['id']]);
118 Logger::info('The contact does not offer discoverable data', ['id' => $contact['id'], 'url' => $url, 'network' => $contact['network']]);
122 $target = $contact['id'];
124 if (!empty($followers)) {
125 // Clear the follower list, since it will be recreated in the next step
126 DBA::update('contact-relation', ['follows' => false], ['cid' => $target]);
130 foreach (array_merge($followers, $followings) as $contact) {
131 if (is_string($contact)) {
132 $contacts[] = $contact;
133 } elseif (!empty($contact['url']) && is_string($contact['url'])) {
134 $contacts[] = $contact['url'];
137 $contacts = array_unique($contacts);
139 $follower_counter = 0;
140 $following_counter = 0;
142 Logger::info('Discover contacts', ['id' => $target, 'url' => $url, 'contacts' => count($contacts)]);
143 foreach ($contacts as $contact) {
144 $actor = Contact::getIdForURL($contact);
145 if (!empty($actor)) {
146 if (in_array($contact, $followers)) {
147 $fields = ['cid' => $target, 'relation-cid' => $actor, 'follows' => true, 'follow-updated' => DateTimeFormat::utcNow()];
148 DBA::insert('contact-relation', $fields, Database::INSERT_UPDATE);
152 if (in_array($contact, $followings)) {
153 $fields = ['cid' => $actor, 'relation-cid' => $target, 'follows' => true, 'follow-updated' => DateTimeFormat::utcNow()];
154 DBA::insert('contact-relation', $fields, Database::INSERT_UPDATE);
155 $following_counter++;
160 if (!empty($followers)) {
161 // Delete all followers that aren't followers anymore (and aren't interacting)
162 DBA::delete('contact-relation', ['cid' => $target, 'follows' => false, 'last-interaction' => DBA::NULL_DATETIME]);
165 Contact::update(['last-discovery' => DateTimeFormat::utcNow()], ['id' => $target]);
166 Logger::info('Contacts discovery finished', ['id' => $target, 'url' => $url, 'follower' => $follower_counter, 'following' => $following_counter]);
171 * Fetch contact url list from the given local user
173 * @param integer $uid
175 * @return array contact list
177 private static function getContacts(int $uid, array $rel): array
180 $profile = Profile::getByUID($uid);
181 if (!empty($profile['hide-friends'])) {
194 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition, ["`url` IN (SELECT `url` FROM `apcontact`)"]);
195 $contacts = DBA::select('contact', ['url'], $condition);
196 while ($contact = DBA::fetch($contacts)) {
197 $list[] = $contact['url'];
199 DBA::close($contacts);
205 * Tests if a given contact url is discoverable
207 * @param string $url Contact url
208 * @param array $contact Contact array
209 * @return boolean True if contact is discoverable
211 public static function isDiscoverable(string $url, array $contact = []): bool
213 $contact_discovery = DI::config()->get('system', 'contact_discovery');
215 if ($contact_discovery == self::DISCOVERY_NONE) {
219 if (empty($contact)) {
220 $contact = Contact::getByURL($url, false);
223 if (empty($contact)) {
227 if ($contact['last-discovery'] > DateTimeFormat::utc('now - 1 month')) {
228 Logger::info('No discovery - Last was less than a month ago.', ['id' => $contact['id'], 'url' => $url, 'discovery' => $contact['last-discovery']]);
232 if ($contact_discovery != self::DISCOVERY_ALL) {
233 $local = DBA::exists('contact', ["`nurl` = ? AND `uid` != ?", Strings::normaliseLink($url), 0]);
234 if (($contact_discovery == self::DISCOVERY_LOCAL) && !$local) {
235 Logger::info('No discovery - This contact is not followed/following locally.', ['id' => $contact['id'], 'url' => $url]);
239 if ($contact_discovery == self::DISCOVERY_INTERACTOR) {
240 $interactor = DBA::exists('contact-relation', ["`relation-cid` = ? AND `last-interaction` > ?", $contact['id'], DBA::NULL_DATETIME]);
241 if (!$local && !$interactor) {
242 Logger::info('No discovery - This contact is not interacting locally.', ['id' => $contact['id'], 'url' => $url]);
246 } elseif ($contact['created'] > DateTimeFormat::utc('now - 1 day')) {
247 // Newly created contacts are not discovered to avoid DDoS attacks
248 Logger::info('No discovery - Contact record is less than a day old.', ['id' => $contact['id'], 'url' => $url, 'discovery' => $contact['created']]);
252 if (!in_array($contact['network'], [Protocol::ACTIVITYPUB, Protocol::DFRN, Protocol::OSTATUS])) {
253 $apcontact = APContact::getByURL($url, false);
254 if (empty($apcontact)) {
255 Logger::info('No discovery - The contact does not seem to speak ActivityPub.', ['id' => $contact['id'], 'url' => $url, 'network' => $contact['network']]);
264 * Update contact suggestions for a given user
266 * @param integer $uid
269 static public function updateSuggestions(int $uid)
271 if (DI::pConfig()->get($uid, 'suggestion', 'last_update') + 3600 > time()) {
275 DBA::delete('account-suggestion', ['uid' => $uid, 'ignore' => false]);
277 foreach (self::getSuggestions($uid) as $contact) {
278 DBA::insert('account-suggestion', ['uri-id' => $contact['uri-id'], 'uid' => $uid, 'level' => 1], Database::INSERT_IGNORE);
281 DI::pConfig()->set($uid, 'suggestion', 'last_update', time());
285 * Returns a cached array of suggested contacts for given user id
287 * @param int $uid User id
288 * @param int $start optional, default 0
289 * @param int $limit optional, default 80
292 static public function getCachedSuggestions(int $uid, int $start = 0, int $limit = 80): array
294 $condition = ["`uid` = ? AND `uri-id` IN (SELECT `uri-id` FROM `account-suggestion` WHERE NOT `ignore` AND `uid` = ?)", 0, $uid];
295 $params = ['limit' => [$start, $limit]];
296 $cached = DBA::selectToArray('contact', [], $condition, $params);
298 if (!empty($cached)) {
301 return self::getSuggestions($uid, $start, $limit);
306 * Returns an array of suggested contacts for given user id
308 * @param int $uid User id
309 * @param int $start optional, default 0
310 * @param int $limit optional, default 80
313 static public function getSuggestions(int $uid, int $start = 0, int $limit = 80): array
315 $cid = Contact::getPublicIdByUserId($uid);
316 $totallimit = $start + $limit;
319 Logger::info('Collecting suggestions', ['uid' => $uid, 'cid' => $cid, 'start' => $start, 'limit' => $limit]);
321 $diaspora = DI::config()->get('system', 'diaspora_enabled') ? Protocol::DIASPORA : Protocol::ACTIVITYPUB;
322 $ostatus = !DI::config()->get('system', 'ostatus_disabled') ? Protocol::OSTATUS : Protocol::ACTIVITYPUB;
324 // The query returns contacts where contacts interacted with whom the given user follows.
325 // Contacts who already are in the user's contact table are ignored.
326 $results = DBA::select('contact', [], ["`id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` IN
327 (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ?)
328 AND NOT `cid` IN (SELECT `id` FROM `contact` WHERE `uid` = ? AND `nurl` IN
329 (SELECT `nurl` FROM `contact` WHERE `uid` = ? AND `rel` IN (?, ?))) AND `id` = `cid`)
330 AND NOT `hidden` AND `network` IN (?, ?, ?, ?)
331 AND NOT `uri-id` IN (SELECT `uri-id` FROM `account-suggestion` WHERE `uri-id` = `contact`.`uri-id` AND `uid` = ?)",
334 $uid, Contact::FRIEND, Contact::SHARING,
335 Protocol::ACTIVITYPUB, Protocol::DFRN, $diaspora, $ostatus, $uid
337 'order' => ['last-item' => true],
338 'limit' => $totallimit,
342 while ($contact = DBA::fetch($results)) {
343 $contacts[$contact['id']] = $contact;
346 DBA::close($results);
348 Logger::info('Contacts of contacts who are followed by the given user', ['uid' => $uid, 'cid' => $cid, 'count' => count($contacts)]);
350 if (count($contacts) >= $totallimit) {
351 return array_slice($contacts, $start, $limit);
354 // The query returns contacts where contacts interacted with whom also interacted with the given user.
355 // Contacts who already are in the user's contact table are ignored.
356 $results = DBA::select('contact', [],
357 ["`id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` IN
358 (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ?)
359 AND NOT `cid` IN (SELECT `id` FROM `contact` WHERE `uid` = ? AND `nurl` IN
360 (SELECT `nurl` FROM `contact` WHERE `uid` = ? AND `rel` IN (?, ?))) AND `id` = `cid`)
361 AND NOT `hidden` AND `network` IN (?, ?, ?, ?)
362 AND NOT `uri-id` IN (SELECT `uri-id` FROM `account-suggestion` WHERE `uri-id` = `contact`.`uri-id` AND `uid` = ?)",
363 $cid, 0, $uid, Contact::FRIEND, Contact::SHARING,
364 Protocol::ACTIVITYPUB, Protocol::DFRN, $diaspora, $ostatus, $uid],
365 ['order' => ['last-item' => true], 'limit' => $totallimit]
368 while ($contact = DBA::fetch($results)) {
369 $contacts[$contact['id']] = $contact;
371 DBA::close($results);
373 Logger::info('Contacts of contacts who are following the given user', ['uid' => $uid, 'cid' => $cid, 'count' => count($contacts)]);
375 if (count($contacts) >= $totallimit) {
376 return array_slice($contacts, $start, $limit);
379 // The query returns contacts that follow the given user but aren't followed by that user.
380 $results = DBA::select('contact', [],
381 ["`nurl` IN (SELECT `nurl` FROM `contact` WHERE `uid` = ? AND `rel` = ?)
382 AND NOT `hidden` AND `uid` = ? AND `network` IN (?, ?, ?, ?)
383 AND NOT `uri-id` IN (SELECT `uri-id` FROM `account-suggestion` WHERE `uri-id` = `contact`.`uri-id` AND `uid` = ?)",
384 $uid, Contact::FOLLOWER, 0,
385 Protocol::ACTIVITYPUB, Protocol::DFRN, $diaspora, $ostatus, $uid],
386 ['order' => ['last-item' => true], 'limit' => $totallimit]
389 while ($contact = DBA::fetch($results)) {
390 $contacts[$contact['id']] = $contact;
392 DBA::close($results);
394 Logger::info('Followers that are not followed by the given user', ['uid' => $uid, 'cid' => $cid, 'count' => count($contacts)]);
396 if (count($contacts) >= $totallimit) {
397 return array_slice($contacts, $start, $limit);
400 // The query returns any contact that isn't followed by that user.
401 $results = DBA::select('contact', [],
402 ["NOT `nurl` IN (SELECT `nurl` FROM `contact` WHERE `uid` = ? AND `rel` IN (?, ?) AND `nurl` = `nurl`)
403 AND NOT `hidden` AND `uid` = ? AND `network` IN (?, ?, ?, ?)
404 AND NOT `uri-id` IN (SELECT `uri-id` FROM `account-suggestion` WHERE `uri-id` = `contact`.`uri-id` AND `uid` = ?)",
405 $uid, Contact::FRIEND, Contact::SHARING, 0,
406 Protocol::ACTIVITYPUB, Protocol::DFRN, $diaspora, $ostatus, $uid],
407 ['order' => ['last-item' => true], 'limit' => $totallimit]
410 while ($contact = DBA::fetch($results)) {
411 $contacts[$contact['id']] = $contact;
413 DBA::close($results);
415 Logger::info('Any contact', ['uid' => $uid, 'cid' => $cid, 'count' => count($contacts)]);
417 return array_slice($contacts, $start, $limit);
421 * Counts all the known follows of the provided public contact
423 * @param int $cid Public contact id
424 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
428 public static function countFollows(int $cid, array $condition = []): int
430 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition, [
431 '`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)',
435 return DI::dba()->count('contact', $condition);
439 * Returns a paginated list of contacts that are followed the provided public contact.
441 * @param int $cid Public contact id
442 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
445 * @param bool $shuffle
449 public static function listFollows(int $cid, array $condition = [], int $count = 30, int $offset = 0, bool $shuffle = false)
451 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
452 ['`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)',
456 return DI::dba()->selectToArray('contact', [], $condition,
457 ['limit' => [$offset, $count], 'order' => [$shuffle ? 'RAND()' : 'name']]
462 * Counts all the known followers of the provided public contact
464 * @param int $cid Public contact id
465 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
469 public static function countFollowers(int $cid, array $condition = [])
471 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
472 ['`id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)',
476 return DI::dba()->count('contact', $condition);
480 * Returns a paginated list of contacts that follow the provided public contact.
482 * @param int $cid Public contact id
483 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
486 * @param bool $shuffle
490 public static function listFollowers(int $cid, array $condition = [], int $count = 30, int $offset = 0, bool $shuffle = false)
492 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
493 ['`id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)', $cid]
496 return DI::dba()->selectToArray('contact', [], $condition,
497 ['limit' => [$offset, $count], 'order' => [$shuffle ? 'RAND()' : 'name']]
502 * Counts the number of contacts that are known mutuals with the provided public contact.
504 * @param int $cid Public contact id
505 * @param array $condition Additional condition array on the contact table
509 public static function countMutuals(int $cid, array $condition = [])
511 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
512 ['`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)
513 AND `id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)',
517 return DI::dba()->count('contact', $condition);
521 * Returns a paginated list of contacts that are known mutuals with the provided public contact.
523 * @param int $cid Public contact id
524 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
527 * @param bool $shuffle
531 public static function listMutuals(int $cid, array $condition = [], int $count = 30, int $offset = 0, bool $shuffle = false)
533 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
534 ['`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)
535 AND `id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)',
539 return DI::dba()->selectToArray('contact', [], $condition,
540 ['limit' => [$offset, $count], 'order' => [$shuffle ? 'RAND()' : 'name']]
546 * Counts the number of contacts with any relationship with the provided public contact.
548 * @param int $cid Public contact id
549 * @param array $condition Additional condition array on the contact table
553 public static function countAll(int $cid, array $condition = [])
555 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
556 ['(`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)
557 OR `id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`))',
561 return DI::dba()->count('contact', $condition);
565 * Returns a paginated list of contacts with any relationship with the provided public contact.
567 * @param int $cid Public contact id
568 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
571 * @param bool $shuffle
575 public static function listAll(int $cid, array $condition = [], int $count = 30, int $offset = 0, bool $shuffle = false)
577 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
578 ['(`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)
579 OR `id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`))',
583 return DI::dba()->selectToArray('contact', [], $condition,
584 ['limit' => [$offset, $count], 'order' => [$shuffle ? 'RAND()' : 'name']]
589 * Counts the number of contacts that both provided public contacts have interacted with at least once.
590 * Interactions include follows and likes and comments on public posts.
592 * @param int $sourceId Public contact id
593 * @param int $targetId Public contact id
594 * @param array $condition Additional condition array on the contact table
598 public static function countCommon(int $sourceId, int $targetId, array $condition = [])
600 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
601 ['`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ?)
602 AND `id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ?)',
603 $sourceId, $targetId]
606 return DI::dba()->count('contact', $condition);
610 * Returns a paginated list of contacts that both provided public contacts have interacted with at least once.
611 * Interactions include follows and likes and comments on public posts.
613 * @param int $sourceId Public contact id
614 * @param int $targetId Public contact id
615 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
618 * @param bool $shuffle
619 * @return array|bool Array on success, false on failure
622 public static function listCommon(int $sourceId, int $targetId, array $condition = [], int $count = 30, int $offset = 0, bool $shuffle = false)
624 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
625 ["`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ?)
626 AND `id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ?)",
627 $sourceId, $targetId]
630 return DI::dba()->selectToArray('contact', [], $condition,
631 ['limit' => [$offset, $count], 'order' => [$shuffle ? 'RAND()' : 'name']]
636 * Counts the number of contacts that are followed by both provided public contacts.
638 * @param int $sourceId Public contact id
639 * @param int $targetId Public contact id
640 * @param array $condition Additional condition array on the contact table
644 public static function countCommonFollows(int $sourceId, int $targetId, array $condition = []): int
646 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
647 ['`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)
648 AND `id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)',
649 $sourceId, $targetId]
652 return DI::dba()->count('contact', $condition);
656 * Returns a paginated list of contacts that are followed by both provided public contacts.
658 * @param int $sourceId Public contact id
659 * @param int $targetId Public contact id
660 * @param array $condition Additional condition array on the contact table
663 * @param bool $shuffle
664 * @return array|bool Array on success, false on failure
667 public static function listCommonFollows(int $sourceId, int $targetId, array $condition = [], int $count = 30, int $offset = 0, bool $shuffle = false)
669 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
670 ["`id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)
671 AND `id` IN (SELECT `relation-cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `cid` = ? AND `follows`)",
672 $sourceId, $targetId]
675 return DI::dba()->selectToArray('contact', [], $condition,
676 ['limit' => [$offset, $count], 'order' => [$shuffle ? 'RAND()' : 'name']]
681 * Counts the number of contacts that follow both provided public contacts.
683 * @param int $sourceId Public contact id
684 * @param int $targetId Public contact id
685 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
689 public static function countCommonFollowers(int $sourceId, int $targetId, array $condition = []): int
691 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
692 ["`id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)
693 AND `id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)",
694 $sourceId, $targetId]
697 return DI::dba()->count('contact', $condition);
701 * Returns a paginated list of contacts that follow both provided public contacts.
703 * @param int $sourceId Public contact id
704 * @param int $targetId Public contact id
705 * @param array $condition Additional condition on the contact table
708 * @param bool $shuffle
709 * @return array|bool Array on success, false on failure
712 public static function listCommonFollowers(int $sourceId, int $targetId, array $condition = [], int $count = 30, int $offset = 0, bool $shuffle = false)
714 $condition = DBA::mergeConditions($condition,
715 ["`id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)
716 AND `id` IN (SELECT `cid` FROM `contact-relation` WHERE `relation-cid` = ? AND `follows`)",
717 $sourceId, $targetId]
720 return DI::dba()->selectToArray('contact', [], $condition,
721 ['limit' => [$offset, $count], 'order' => [$shuffle ? 'RAND()' : 'name']]