]> git.mxchange.org Git - flightgear.git/blobdiff - src/ATC/tower.cxx
Catch sound exceptions at the earliest, report problem has an alert, and continue...
[flightgear.git] / src / ATC / tower.cxx
index a9e2ba709b6367d8dcd3c4dc9b112939274b4a31..d3a1113b85b36aca49c3b88d7ee1bf2a1e606403 100644 (file)
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec() :
        plane.callsign = "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
-TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(PlaneRec p) :
+TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(const PlaneRec& p) :
        planePtr(NULL),
        clearedToLand(false),
        clearedToLineUp(false),
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(PlaneRec p) :
        plane = p;
 }
 
-TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(Point3D pt) :
+TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(const Point3D& pt) :
        planePtr(NULL),
        clearedToLand(false),
        clearedToLineUp(false),
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(Point3D pt) :
        pos = pt;
 }
 
-TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(PlaneRec p, Point3D pt) :
+TowerPlaneRec::TowerPlaneRec(const PlaneRec& p, const Point3D& pt) :
        planePtr(NULL),
        clearedToLand(false),
        clearedToLineUp(false),
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@ GO-AROUND is instructed very late at < 12s to landing - possibly make more depen
 Need to make clear when TowerPlaneRecs do or don't get deleted in RemoveFromCircuitList etc. (MINOR until I misuse it - then CRITICAL!)
 
 FGTower::RemoveAllUserDialogOptions() really ought to be replaced by an ATCDialog::clear_entries() function. (MINOR - efficiency).
+
+At the moment planes in the lists are not guaranteed to always have a sensible ETA - it should be set as part of AddList functions, and lists should only be accessed this way. (FAIRLY MAJOR). 
 *******************************************/
 
 FGTower::FGTower() {
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ void FGTower::Init() {
        // TODO - attempt to get a departure control pointer to see if we need to hand off departing traffic to departure.
        
        // Get the airport elevation
-       aptElev = dclGetAirportElev(ident.c_str());
+       aptElev = fgGetAirportElev(ident.c_str());
        
        // TODO - this function only assumes one active rwy.
        DoRwyDetails();
@@ -309,6 +311,7 @@ void FGTower::Init() {
                t->planePtr = NULL;
                t->clearedToTakeOff = true;
                rwyList.push_back(t);
+               rwyListItr = rwyList.begin();
                departed = false;
        } else {
                //cout << "User not on active runway\n";
@@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ void FGTower::Init() {
                // TODO FIXME - this will break when user starts on apron, at hold short, etc.
                if(!OnAnyRunway(Point3D(user_lon_node->getDoubleValue(), user_lat_node->getDoubleValue(), 0.0))) {
                        //cout << ident << "  ADD 0\n";
-                       current_atcdialog->add_entry(ident, "@AP Tower @CS @MI miles @CD of the airport for full stop with the ATIS", "Contact tower for VFR arrival (full stop)", TOWER, (int)USER_REQUEST_VFR_ARRIVAL_FULL_STOP);
+                       current_atcdialog->add_entry(ident, "@AP Tower @CS @MI miles @CD of the airport for full stop with ATIS", "Contact tower for VFR arrival (full stop)", TOWER, (int)USER_REQUEST_VFR_ARRIVAL_FULL_STOP);
                }
        }
 }
@@ -506,7 +509,9 @@ void FGTower::Respond() {
                        }
                        trns += ConvertRwyNumToSpokenString(activeRwy);
                        if(_display) {
-                               globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns, 0);
+                               //globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns, 0);
+                               pending_transmission = trns;
+                               Transmit();
                        } else {
                                //cout << "Not displaying, trns was " << trns << '\n';
                        }
@@ -524,10 +529,11 @@ void FGTower::Respond() {
                                        ClearHoldingPlane(t);
                                        t->leg = TAKEOFF_ROLL;
                                        rwyList.push_back(t);
+                                       rwyListItr = rwyList.begin();
                                        rwyOccupied = true;
                                        // WARNING - WE ARE ASSUMING ONLY ONE PLANE REPORTING HOLD AT A TIME BELOW
                                        // FIXME TODO - FIX THIS!!!
-                                       if(holdList.size()) {
+                                       if(!holdList.empty()) {
                                                if(holdListItr == holdList.end()) {
                                                        holdListItr = holdList.begin();
                                                }
@@ -541,7 +547,9 @@ void FGTower::Respond() {
                                string trns = t->plane.callsign;
                                trns += " hold position";
                                if(_display) {
-                                       globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns, 0);
+                                       //globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns, 0);
+                                       pending_transmission = trns;
+                                       Transmit();
                                }
                                // TODO - add some idea of what traffic is blocking him.
                        }
@@ -579,7 +587,9 @@ void FGTower::Respond() {
                                t->clearedToLand = false;
                        }
                        if(_display && disp) {
-                               globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns);
+                               //globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns);
+                               pending_transmission = trns;
+                               Transmit();
                        }
                        t->finalAcknowledged = true;
                } else if(t->rwyVacatedReported && !(t->rwyVacatedAcknowledged)) {
@@ -599,7 +609,7 @@ void FGTower::ProcessDownwindReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
        int a = 0;      // Count of preceding planes on approach
        bool cf = false;        // conflicting traffic on final
        bool cc = false;        // preceding traffic in circuit
-       TowerPlaneRec* tc;
+       TowerPlaneRec* tc = NULL;
        for(tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr = circuitList.begin(); twrItr != circuitList.end(); twrItr++) {
                if((*twrItr)->plane.callsign == responseID) break;
                tc = *twrItr;
@@ -607,7 +617,7 @@ void FGTower::ProcessDownwindReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
        }
        if(i > 1) { cc = true; }
        doThresholdETACalc();
-       TowerPlaneRec* tf;
+       TowerPlaneRec* tf = NULL;
        for(tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr = appList.begin(); twrItr != appList.end(); twrItr++) {
                if((*twrItr)->eta < (t->eta + 45)) {
                        a++;
@@ -623,22 +633,23 @@ void FGTower::ProcessDownwindReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
        trns += ConvertNumToSpokenDigits(i + a);
        // This assumes that the number spoken is landing position, not circuit position, since some of the traffic might be on straight-in final.
        trns += " ";
-       TowerPlaneRec* tt;
-       if((i == 1) && (!rwyList.size()) && (t->nextOnRwy) && (!cf)) {  // Unfortunately nextOnRwy currently doesn't handle circuit/straight-in ordering properly at present, hence the cf check below.
+       TowerPlaneRec* tt = NULL;
+       if((i == 1) && rwyList.empty() && (t->nextOnRwy) && (!cf)) {    // Unfortunately nextOnRwy currently doesn't handle circuit/straight-in ordering properly at present, hence the cf check below.
                trns += "Cleared to land";      // TODO - clear for the option if appropriate
                t->clearedToLand = true;
                if(!t->isUser) t->planePtr->RegisterTransmission(7);
        } else if((i+a) > 1) {
                //First set tt to point to the correct preceding plane - final or circuit
-               if(i > 1 && a > 0) {
+               if(tc && tf) {
                        tt = (tf->eta < tc->eta ? tf : tc);
-               } else if(i > 1) {
+               } else if(tc) {
                        tt = tc;
-               } else if(a > 0) {
+               } else if(tf) {
                        tt = tf;
                } else {
                        // We should never get here!
                        SG_LOG(SG_ATC, SG_ALERT, "ALERT - Logic error in FGTower::ProcessDownwindReport");
+                       return;
                }
                trns += "Follow the ";
                string s = tt->plane.callsign;
@@ -646,13 +657,19 @@ void FGTower::ProcessDownwindReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
                s = s.substr(0,p);
                trns += s;
                if((tt->opType) == CIRCUIT) {
-                       if(tt->planePtr->GetLeg() == FINAL) {
+                       PatternLeg leg;
+                       if(t->isUser) {
+                               leg = tt->leg;
+                       } else {
+                               leg = tt->planePtr->GetLeg();
+                       }
+                       if(leg == FINAL) {
                                trns += " on final";
-                       } else if(tt->planePtr->GetLeg() == TURN4) {
+                       } else if(leg == TURN4) {
                                trns += " turning final";
-                       } else if(tt->planePtr->GetLeg() == BASE) {
+                       } else if(leg == BASE) {
                                trns += " on base";
-                       } else if(tt->planePtr->GetLeg() == TURN3) {
+                       } else if(leg == TURN3) {
                                trns += " turning base";
                        }
                } else {
@@ -667,7 +684,9 @@ void FGTower::ProcessDownwindReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
                }
        }
        if(_display) {
-               globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns);
+               //globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns);
+               pending_transmission = trns;
+               Transmit();
        }
        if(t->isUser) {
                if(t->opType == TTT_UNKNOWN) t->opType = CIRCUIT;
@@ -682,7 +701,7 @@ void FGTower::ProcessDownwindReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
 
 void FGTower::ProcessRunwayVacatedReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
        //cout << "Processing rwy vacated...\n";
-       current_atcdialog->remove_entry(ident, USER_REPORT_GOING_AROUND, TOWER);
+       if(t->isUser) current_atcdialog->remove_entry(ident, USER_REPORT_GOING_AROUND, TOWER);
        string trns = t->plane.callsign;
        if(separateGround) {
                trns += " Contact ground on ";
@@ -694,13 +713,17 @@ void FGTower::ProcessRunwayVacatedReport(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
                if(!t->isUser) t->planePtr->RegisterTransmission(5);
        } else {
                // Cop-out!!
-               trns += " cleared for taxi to the GA parking";
+               trns += " cleared for taxi to general aviation parking";
                if(!t->isUser) t->planePtr->RegisterTransmission(6);    // TODO - this is a mega-hack!!
        }
        //cout << "trns = " << trns << '\n';
        if(_display) {
-               globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns);
+               //globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns);
+               pending_transmission = trns;
+               Transmit();
        }
+       RemoveFromRwyList(t->plane.callsign);
+       AddToVacatedList(t);
        // Maybe we should check that the plane really *has* vacated the runway!
 }
 
@@ -808,7 +831,9 @@ void FGTower::ClearHoldingPlane(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
                timeSinceLastDeparture = 0.0;
        }
        if(_display) {
-               globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns, 0);
+               //globals->get_ATC_display()->RegisterSingleMessage(trns, 0);
+               pending_transmission = trns;
+               Transmit();
        }
        //cout << "Done ClearHoldingPlane " << endl;
 }
@@ -820,7 +845,7 @@ void FGTower::ClearHoldingPlane(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
 // Do one plane from the hold list
 void FGTower::CheckHoldList(double dt) {
        //cout << "Entering CheckHoldList..." << endl;
-       if(holdList.size()) {
+       if(!holdList.empty()) {
                //cout << "*holdListItr = " << *holdListItr << endl;
                if(holdListItr == holdList.end()) {
                        holdListItr = holdList.begin();
@@ -843,9 +868,12 @@ void FGTower::CheckHoldList(double dt) {
                                        ClearHoldingPlane(t);
                                        t->leg = TAKEOFF_ROLL;
                                        rwyList.push_back(t);
+                                       rwyListItr = rwyList.begin();
                                        rwyOccupied = true;
                                        holdList.erase(holdListItr);
                                        holdListItr = holdList.begin();
+                                       if (holdList.empty())
+                                         return;
                                }
                        }
                        // TODO - rationalise the considerable code duplication above!
@@ -863,7 +891,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckCircuitList(double dt) {
        downwind_leg_pos = 0.0;
        crosswind_leg_pos = 0.0;
        
-       if(circuitList.size()) {        // Do one plane from the circuit
+       if(!circuitList.empty()) {      // Do one plane from the circuit
                if(circuitListItr == circuitList.end()) {
                        circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
                }
@@ -887,7 +915,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckCircuitList(double dt) {
                        //cout << " ho = " << ho << " abs(ho = " << abs(ho) << '\n';
                        // TODO FIXME - get the wind and convert this to track, or otherwise use track somehow!!!
                        // If it's gusty might need to filter the value, although we are leaving 30 degrees each way leeway!
-                       if(abs(ho) < 30) {
+                       if(fabs(ho) < 30) {
                                // could be either takeoff, climbout or landing - check orthopos.y
                                //cout << "tortho.y = " << tortho.y() << '\n';
                                if((tortho.y() < 0) || (t->leg == TURN4) || (t->leg == FINAL)) {
@@ -905,22 +933,25 @@ void FGTower::CheckCircuitList(double dt) {
                                                        t->opType = OUTBOUND;   // TODO - could check if the user has climbed significantly above circuit altitude as well.
                                                        // Since we are unknown operation we should be in depList already.
                                                        //cout << ident << " Removing user from circuitList (TTT_UNKNOWN)\n";
-                                                       circuitList.erase(circuitListItr);
+                                                       circuitListItr = circuitList.erase(circuitListItr);
                                                        RemoveFromTrafficList(t->plane.callsign);
-                                                       circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
+                                                       if (circuitList.empty())
+                                                           return;
                                                }
                                        } else if(t->opType == CIRCUIT) {
                                                if(tortho.y() > 10000) {
                                                        // 10 km out - assume the user has abandoned the circuit!!
                                                        t->opType = OUTBOUND;
                                                        depList.push_back(t);
+                                                       depListItr = depList.begin();
                                                        //cout << ident << " removing user from circuitList (CIRCUIT)\n";
-                                                       circuitList.erase(circuitListItr);
-                                                       circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
+                                                       circuitListItr = circuitList.erase(circuitListItr);
+                                                       if (circuitList.empty())
+                                                         return;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
-                       } else if(abs(ho) < 60) {
+                       } else if(fabs(ho) < 60) {
                                // turn1 or turn 4
                                // TODO - either fix or doublecheck this hack by looking at heading and pattern direction
                                if((t->leg == CLIMBOUT) || (t->leg == TURN1)) {
@@ -930,7 +961,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckCircuitList(double dt) {
                                        t->leg = TURN4;
                                        //cout << "Turn4\n";
                                }
-                       } else if(abs(ho) < 120) {
+                       } else if(fabs(ho) < 120) {
                                // crosswind or base
                                // TODO - either fix or doublecheck this hack by looking at heading and pattern direction
                                if((t->leg == TURN1) || (t->leg == CROSSWIND)) {
@@ -940,7 +971,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckCircuitList(double dt) {
                                        t->leg = BASE;
                                        //cout << "Base\n";
                                }
-                       } else if(abs(ho) < 150) {
+                       } else if(fabs(ho) < 150) {
                                // turn2 or turn 3
                                // TODO - either fix or doublecheck this hack by looking at heading and pattern direction
                                if((t->leg == CROSSWIND) || (t->leg == TURN2)) {
@@ -1049,7 +1080,15 @@ void FGTower::CheckCircuitList(double dt) {
                                        t->planePtr->RegisterTransmission(13);
                                }
                        } else if(!t->clearedToLand) {
-                               if(t->nextOnRwy) {
+                               // The whip through the appList is a hack since currently t->nextOnRwy doesn't always work
+                               // TODO - fix this!
+                               bool cf = false;
+                               for(tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr = appList.begin(); twrItr != appList.end(); twrItr++) {
+                                       if((*twrItr)->eta < t->eta) {
+                                               cf = true;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if(t->nextOnRwy && !cf) {
                                        if(!rwyList.size()) {
                                                string trns = t->plane.callsign;
                                                trns += " Cleared to land";
@@ -1078,6 +1117,8 @@ void FGTower::CheckCircuitList(double dt) {
                        circuitListItr = circuitList.erase(circuitListItr);
                        if(circuitListItr == circuitList.end() ) {
                                circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
+                               // avoid increment of circuitListItr (would increment to second element, or crash if no element left)
+                               return;
                        }
                }
                ++circuitListItr;
@@ -1112,27 +1153,31 @@ void FGTower::CheckRunwayList(double dt) {
                                        //cout << "Size of rwylist was " << rwyList.size() << '\n';
                                        //cout << "Size of vacatedList was " << vacatedList.size() << '\n';
                                        RemoveFromRwyList(t->plane.callsign);
-                                       vacatedList.push_back(t);
+                                       AddToVacatedList(t);
                                        //cout << "Size of rwylist is " << rwyList.size() << '\n';
                                        //cout << "Size of vacatedList is " << vacatedList.size() << '\n';
                                        // At the moment we wait until Runway Vacated is reported by the plane before telling to contact ground etc.
                                        // It's possible we could be a bit more proactive about this.
                                } else if(t->opType == OUTBOUND) {
                                        depList.push_back(t);
+                                       depListItr = depList.begin();
                                        rwyList.pop_front();
                                        departed = true;
                                        timeSinceLastDeparture = 0.0;
                                } else if(t->opType == CIRCUIT) {
                                        //cout << ident << " adding " << t->plane.callsign << " to circuitList" << endl;
                                        circuitList.push_back(t);
+                                       circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
                                        AddToTrafficList(t);
                                        rwyList.pop_front();
                                        departed = true;
                                        timeSinceLastDeparture = 0.0;
                                } else if(t->opType == TTT_UNKNOWN) {
                                        depList.push_back(t);
+                                       depListItr = depList.begin();
                                        //cout << ident << " adding " << t->plane.callsign << " to circuitList" << endl;
                                        circuitList.push_back(t);
+                                       circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
                                        AddToTrafficList(t);
                                        rwyList.pop_front();
                                        departed = true;
@@ -1150,7 +1195,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckRunwayList(double dt) {
 void FGTower::CheckApproachList(double dt) {
        //cout << "CheckApproachList called for " << ident << endl;
        //cout << "AppList.size is " << appList.size() << endl;
-       if(appList.size()) {
+       if(!appList.empty()) {
                if(appListItr == appList.end()) {
                        appListItr = appList.begin();
                }
@@ -1164,6 +1209,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckApproachList(double dt) {
                } else {
                        // TODO - set/update the position if it's an AI plane
                }
+               doThresholdETACalc();   // We need this here because planes in the lists are not guaranteed to *always* have the correct ETA
                //cout << "eta is " << t->eta << ", rwy is " << (rwyList.size() ? "occupied " : "clear ") << '\n';
                if(t->eta < 12 && rwyList.size() && !(t->instructedToGoAround)) {
                        // TODO - need to make this more sophisticated 
@@ -1189,10 +1235,32 @@ void FGTower::CheckApproachList(double dt) {
                                // TODO - add Go-around ack to comm options,
                                // remove report rwy vacated. (possibly).
                        }
-               }                               
-               if(t->nextOnRwy && !(t->clearedToLand) && !(t->instructedToGoAround)) {
-                       // check distance away and whether runway occupied
-                       // and schedule transmission if necessary
+               } else if(t->eta < 90 && !t->clearedToLand) {
+                       //doThresholdETACalc();
+                       doThresholdUseOrder();
+                       // The whip through the appList is a hack since currently t->nextOnRwy doesn't always work
+                       // TODO - fix this!
+                       bool cf = false;
+                       for(tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr = appList.begin(); twrItr != appList.end(); twrItr++) {
+                               if((*twrItr)->eta < t->eta) {
+                                       cf = true;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if(t->nextOnRwy && !cf) {
+                               if(!rwyList.size()) {
+                                       string trns = t->plane.callsign;
+                                       trns += " Cleared to land";
+                                       pending_transmission = trns;
+                                       Transmit();
+                                       //if(t->isUser) cout << "Transmitting cleared to Land!!!\n";
+                                       t->clearedToLand = true;
+                                       if(!t->isUser) {
+                                               t->planePtr->RegisterTransmission(7);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               //if(t->isUser) cout << "Not next\n";
+                       }
                }
                
                // Check for landing...
@@ -1225,6 +1293,9 @@ void FGTower::CheckApproachList(double dt) {
                        if(appListItr == appList.end() ) {
                                appListItr = appList.begin();
                        }
+                       if (appList.empty())
+                         return;
+
                }
                
                ++appListItr;
@@ -1234,7 +1305,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckApproachList(double dt) {
 
 // Do one plane from the departure list
 void FGTower::CheckDepartureList(double dt) {
-       if(depList.size()) {
+       if(!depList.empty()) {
                if(depListItr == depList.end()) {
                        depListItr = depList.begin();
                }
@@ -1254,7 +1325,7 @@ void FGTower::CheckDepartureList(double dt) {
                                // Change the communication options
                                RemoveAllUserDialogOptions();
                                //cout << "ADD A\n";
-                               current_atcdialog->add_entry(ident, "@AP Tower @CS @MI miles @CD of the airport for full stop with the ATIS", "Contact tower for VFR arrival (full stop)", TOWER, (int)USER_REQUEST_VFR_ARRIVAL_FULL_STOP);
+                               current_atcdialog->add_entry(ident, "@AP Tower @CS @MI miles @CD of the airport for full stop with ATIS", "Contact tower for VFR arrival (full stop)", TOWER, (int)USER_REQUEST_VFR_ARRIVAL_FULL_STOP);
                        } else {
                                // Send a clear-of-airspace signal
                                // TODO - implement this once we actually have departing AI traffic (currently all circuits or arrivals).
@@ -1331,26 +1402,26 @@ void FGTower::DoRwyDetails() {
        bool rwyGood = globals->get_runways()->search(ident, int(hdg), &runway);
        if(rwyGood) {
                //cout << "RUNWAY GOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOD\n";
-               activeRwy = runway.rwy_no;
-               rwy.rwyID = runway.rwy_no;
+               activeRwy = runway._rwy_no;
+               rwy.rwyID = runway._rwy_no;
                SG_LOG(SG_ATC, SG_INFO, "Active runway for airport " << ident << " is " << activeRwy);
                
                // Get the threshold position
-               double other_way = runway.heading - 180.0;
+               double other_way = runway._heading - 180.0;
                while(other_way <= 0.0) {
                        other_way += 360.0;
                }
        // move to the +l end/center of the runway
-               //cout << "Runway center is at " << runway.lon << ", " << runway.lat << '\n';
-       Point3D origin = Point3D(runway.lon, runway.lat, aptElev);
+               //cout << "Runway center is at " << runway._lon << ", " << runway._lat << '\n';
+       Point3D origin = Point3D(runway._lon, runway._lat, aptElev);
                Point3D ref = origin;
        double tshlon, tshlat, tshr;
                double tolon, tolat, tor;
-               rwy.length = runway.length * SG_FEET_TO_METER;
-               rwy.width = runway.width * SG_FEET_TO_METER;
+               rwy.length = runway._length * SG_FEET_TO_METER;
+               rwy.width = runway._width * SG_FEET_TO_METER;
        geo_direct_wgs_84 ( aptElev, ref.lat(), ref.lon(), other_way, 
                                rwy.length / 2.0 - 25.0, &tshlat, &tshlon, &tshr );
-       geo_direct_wgs_84 ( aptElev, ref.lat(), ref.lon(), runway.heading, 
+       geo_direct_wgs_84 ( aptElev, ref.lat(), ref.lon(), runway._heading, 
                                rwy.length / 2.0 - 25.0, &tolat, &tolon, &tor );
                // Note - 25 meters in from the runway end is a bit of a hack to put the plane ahead of the user.
                // now copy what we need out of runway into rwy
@@ -1358,7 +1429,7 @@ void FGTower::DoRwyDetails() {
                Point3D takeoff_end = Point3D(tolon, tolat, aptElev);
                //cout << "Threshold position = " << tshlon << ", " << tshlat << ", " << aptElev << '\n';
                //cout << "Takeoff position = " << tolon << ", " << tolat << ", " << aptElev << '\n';
-               rwy.hdg = runway.heading;
+               rwy.hdg = runway._heading;
                // Set the projection for the local area based on this active runway
                ortho.Init(rwy.threshold_pos, rwy.hdg); 
                rwy.end1ortho = ortho.ConvertToLocal(rwy.threshold_pos);        // should come out as zero
@@ -1381,7 +1452,7 @@ void FGTower::DoRwyDetails() {
 
 // Figure out if a given position lies on the active runway
 // Might have to change when we consider more than one active rwy.
-bool FGTower::OnActiveRunway(Point3D pt) {
+bool FGTower::OnActiveRunway(const Point3D& pt) {
        // TODO - check that the centre calculation below isn't confused by displaced thesholds etc.
        Point3D xyc((rwy.end1ortho.x() + rwy.end2ortho.x())/2.0, (rwy.end1ortho.y() + rwy.end2ortho.y())/2.0, 0.0);
        Point3D xyp = ortho.ConvertToLocal(pt);
@@ -1400,7 +1471,7 @@ bool FGTower::OnActiveRunway(Point3D pt) {
 
 // Figure out if a given position lies on any runway or not
 // Only call this at startup - reading the runways database is expensive and needs to be fixed!
-bool FGTower::OnAnyRunway(Point3D pt) {
+bool FGTower::OnAnyRunway(const Point3D& pt) {
        ATCData ad;
        double dist = current_commlist->FindClosest(lon, lat, elev, ad, TOWER, 10.0);
        if(dist < 0.0) {
@@ -1417,9 +1488,9 @@ bool FGTower::OnAnyRunway(Point3D pt) {
                SG_LOG(SG_ATC, SG_WARN, "Unable to find any runways for airport ID " << ad.ident << " in FGTower");
        }
        bool on = false;
-       while(runway.id == ad.ident) {          
+       while(runway._id == ad.ident) {         
                on = OnRunway(pt, runway);
-               //cout << "Runway " << runway.rwy_no << ": On = " << (on ? "true\n" : "false\n");
+               //cout << "Runway " << runway._rwy_no << ": On = " << (on ? "true\n" : "false\n");
                if(on) return(true);
                globals->get_runways()->next(&runway);          
        }
@@ -1428,7 +1499,7 @@ bool FGTower::OnAnyRunway(Point3D pt) {
 
 
 // Returns true if successful
-bool FGTower::RemoveFromTrafficList(string id) {
+bool FGTower::RemoveFromTrafficList(const string& id) {
        tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr;
        for(twrItr = trafficList.begin(); twrItr != trafficList.end(); twrItr++) {
                TowerPlaneRec* tpr = *twrItr;
@@ -1444,7 +1515,7 @@ bool FGTower::RemoveFromTrafficList(string id) {
 
 
 // Returns true if successful
-bool FGTower::RemoveFromAppList(string id) {
+bool FGTower::RemoveFromAppList(const string& id) {
        tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr;
        for(twrItr = appList.begin(); twrItr != appList.end(); twrItr++) {
                TowerPlaneRec* tpr = *twrItr;
@@ -1459,7 +1530,7 @@ bool FGTower::RemoveFromAppList(string id) {
 }
 
 // Returns true if successful
-bool FGTower::RemoveFromRwyList(string id) {
+bool FGTower::RemoveFromRwyList(const string& id) {
        tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr;
        for(twrItr = rwyList.begin(); twrItr != rwyList.end(); twrItr++) {
                TowerPlaneRec* tpr = *twrItr;
@@ -1587,10 +1658,12 @@ bool FGTower::AddToCircuitList(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
                        // It depends on what the two planes are doing and whether there's a conflict what we do.
                        if(tpr->eta - t->eta > separation_time) {       // No probs, plane 2 can squeeze in before plane 1 with no apparent conflict
                                circuitList.insert(twrItr, t);
+                               circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
                        } else {        // Ooops - this ones tricky - we have a potential conflict!
                                conflict = true;
                                // HACK - just add anyway for now and flag conflict.
                                circuitList.insert(twrItr, t);
+                               circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
                        }
                        //cout << "\tC\t" << circuitList.size() << '\n';
                        return(conflict);
@@ -1599,10 +1672,24 @@ bool FGTower::AddToCircuitList(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
        // If we get here we must be at the end of the list, or maybe the list is empty.
        //cout << ident << " adding " << t->plane.callsign << " to circuitList" << endl;
        circuitList.push_back(t);       // TODO - check the separation with the preceding plane for the conflict flag.
+       circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
        //cout << "\tE\t" << circuitList.size() << endl;
        return(conflict);
 }
 
+// Add to vacated list only if not already present
+void FGTower::AddToVacatedList(TowerPlaneRec* t) {
+       tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr;
+       bool found = false;
+       for(twrItr = vacatedList.begin(); twrItr != vacatedList.end(); twrItr++) {
+               if((*twrItr)->plane.callsign == t->plane.callsign) {
+                       found = true;
+               }
+       }
+       if(found) return;
+       vacatedList.push_back(t);
+}
+
 
 // Calculate the eta of a plane to the threshold.
 // For ground traffic this is the fastest they can get there.
@@ -1833,7 +1920,7 @@ double FGTower::GetTrafficETA(unsigned int list_pos, bool printout) {
 }
        
 
-void FGTower::ContactAtHoldShort(PlaneRec plane, FGAIPlane* requestee, tower_traffic_type operation) {
+void FGTower::ContactAtHoldShort(const PlaneRec& plane, FGAIPlane* requestee, tower_traffic_type operation) {
        // HACK - assume that anything contacting at hold short is new for now - FIXME LATER
        TowerPlaneRec* t = new TowerPlaneRec;
        t->plane = plane;
@@ -1867,7 +1954,7 @@ void FGTower::ContactAtHoldShort(PlaneRec plane, FGAIPlane* requestee, tower_tra
 
 // Register the presence of an AI plane at a point where contact would already have been made in real life
 // CAUTION - currently it is assumed that this plane's callsign is unique - it is up to AIMgr to generate unique callsigns.
-void FGTower::RegisterAIPlane(PlaneRec plane, FGAIPlane* ai, tower_traffic_type op, PatternLeg lg) {
+void FGTower::RegisterAIPlane(const PlaneRec& plane, FGAIPlane* ai, const tower_traffic_type& op, const PatternLeg& lg) {
        // At the moment this is only going to be tested with inserting an AI plane on downwind
        TowerPlaneRec* t = new TowerPlaneRec;
        t->plane = plane;
@@ -1887,7 +1974,7 @@ void FGTower::RegisterAIPlane(PlaneRec plane, FGAIPlane* ai, tower_traffic_type
        doThresholdUseOrder();
 }
 
-void FGTower::DeregisterAIPlane(string id) {
+void FGTower::DeregisterAIPlane(const string& id) {
        RemovePlane(id);
 }
 
@@ -1895,7 +1982,7 @@ void FGTower::DeregisterAIPlane(string id) {
 // eg "Cessna Charlie Foxtrot Golf Foxtrot Sierra eight miles South of the airport for full stop with Bravo"
 // This function probably only called via user interaction - AI planes will have an overloaded function taking a planerec.
 // opt defaults to AIP_LT_UNKNOWN
-void FGTower::VFRArrivalContact(string ID, LandingType opt) {
+void FGTower::VFRArrivalContact(const string& ID, const LandingType& opt) {
        //cout << "USER Request Landing Clearance called for ID " << ID << '\n';
        
        // For now we'll assume that the user is a light plane and can get him/her to join the circuit if necessary.
@@ -1938,6 +2025,7 @@ void FGTower::VFRArrivalContact(string ID, LandingType opt) {
        responseReqd = true;
        
        appList.push_back(t);   // Not necessarily permanent
+       appListItr = appList.begin();
        AddToTrafficList(t);
        
        current_atcdialog->remove_entry(ident, USER_REQUEST_VFR_ARRIVAL, TOWER);
@@ -1946,7 +2034,7 @@ void FGTower::VFRArrivalContact(string ID, LandingType opt) {
 }
 
 // landingType defaults to AIP_LT_UNKNOWN
-void FGTower::VFRArrivalContact(PlaneRec plane, FGAIPlane* requestee, LandingType lt) {
+void FGTower::VFRArrivalContact(const PlaneRec& plane, FGAIPlane* requestee, const LandingType& lt) {
        //cout << "VFRArrivalContact called for plane " << plane.callsign << " at " << ident << '\n';
        // Possible hack - assume this plane is new for now - TODO - should check really
        TowerPlaneRec* t = new TowerPlaneRec;
@@ -1967,21 +2055,23 @@ void FGTower::VFRArrivalContact(PlaneRec plane, FGAIPlane* requestee, LandingTyp
        
        //cout << "Before adding, appList.size = " << appList.size() << " at " << ident << '\n';
        appList.push_back(t);   // Not necessarily permanent
+       appListItr = appList.begin();
        //cout << "After adding, appList.size = " << appList.size() << " at " << ident << '\n';
        AddToTrafficList(t);
 }
 
-void FGTower::RequestDepartureClearance(string ID) {
+void FGTower::RequestDepartureClearance(const string& ID) {
        //cout << "Request Departure Clearance called...\n";
 }
        
-void FGTower::ReportFinal(string ID) {
+void FGTower::ReportFinal(const string& ID) {
        //cout << "Report Final Called at tower " << ident << " by plane " << ID << '\n';
+       string uid=ID;
        if(ID == "USER") {
-               ID = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
+               uid = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
                current_atcdialog->remove_entry(ident, USER_REPORT_3_MILE_FINAL, TOWER);
        }
-       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(ID);
+       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(uid);
        if(t) {
                t->finalReported = true;
                t->finalAcknowledged = false;
@@ -1998,12 +2088,13 @@ void FGTower::ReportFinal(string ID) {
        }
 }
 
-void FGTower::ReportLongFinal(string ID) {
+void FGTower::ReportLongFinal(const string& ID) {
+       string uid=ID;
        if(ID == "USER") {
-               ID = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
+               uid = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
                current_atcdialog->remove_entry(ident, USER_REPORT_3_MILE_FINAL, TOWER);
        }
-       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(ID);
+       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(uid);
        if(t) {
                t->longFinalReported = true;
                t->longFinalAcknowledged = false;
@@ -2019,13 +2110,14 @@ void FGTower::ReportLongFinal(string ID) {
 //void FGTower::ReportMiddleMarker(string ID);
 //void FGTower::ReportInnerMarker(string ID);
 
-void FGTower::ReportRunwayVacated(string ID) {
+void FGTower::ReportRunwayVacated(const string& ID) {
        //cout << "Report Runway Vacated Called at tower " << ident << " by plane " << ID << '\n';
+       string uid=ID;
        if(ID == "USER") {
-               ID = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
+               uid = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
                current_atcdialog->remove_entry(ident, USER_REPORT_RWY_VACATED, TOWER);
        }
-       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(ID);
+       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(uid);
        if(t) {
                //cout << "Found it...\n";
                t->rwyVacatedReported = true;
@@ -2037,7 +2129,7 @@ void FGTower::ReportRunwayVacated(string ID) {
        }
 }
 
-TowerPlaneRec* FGTower::FindPlane(string ID) {
+TowerPlaneRec* FGTower::FindPlane(const string& ID) {
        //cout << "FindPlane called for " << ID << "...\n";
        tower_plane_rec_list_iterator twrItr;
        // Do the approach list first
@@ -2070,7 +2162,7 @@ TowerPlaneRec* FGTower::FindPlane(string ID) {
        return(NULL);
 }
 
-void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
+void FGTower::RemovePlane(const string& ID) {
        //cout << ident << " RemovePlane called for " << ID << '\n';
        // We have to be careful here - we want to erase the plane from all lists it is in,
        // but we can only delete it once, AT THE END.
@@ -2081,6 +2173,7 @@ void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
                        t = *twrItr;
                        twrItr = appList.erase(twrItr);
                        appListItr = appList.begin();
+                       break;
                }
        }
        for(twrItr = depList.begin(); twrItr != depList.end(); twrItr++) {
@@ -2088,6 +2181,7 @@ void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
                        t = *twrItr;
                        twrItr = depList.erase(twrItr);
                        depListItr = depList.begin();
+                       break;
                }
        }
        for(twrItr = circuitList.begin(); twrItr != circuitList.end(); twrItr++) {
@@ -2095,6 +2189,7 @@ void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
                        t = *twrItr;
                        twrItr = circuitList.erase(twrItr);
                        circuitListItr = circuitList.begin();
+                       break;
                }
        }
        for(twrItr = holdList.begin(); twrItr != holdList.end(); twrItr++) {
@@ -2102,6 +2197,7 @@ void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
                        t = *twrItr;
                        twrItr = holdList.erase(twrItr);
                        holdListItr = holdList.begin();
+                       break;
                }
        }
        for(twrItr = rwyList.begin(); twrItr != rwyList.end(); twrItr++) {
@@ -2109,6 +2205,7 @@ void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
                        t = *twrItr;
                        twrItr = rwyList.erase(twrItr);
                        rwyListItr = rwyList.begin();
+                       break;
                }
        }
        for(twrItr = vacatedList.begin(); twrItr != vacatedList.end(); twrItr++) {
@@ -2116,6 +2213,7 @@ void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
                        t = *twrItr;
                        twrItr = vacatedList.erase(twrItr);
                        vacatedListItr = vacatedList.begin();
+                       break;
                }
        }
        for(twrItr = trafficList.begin(); twrItr != trafficList.end(); twrItr++) {
@@ -2123,19 +2221,21 @@ void FGTower::RemovePlane(string ID) {
                        t = *twrItr;
                        twrItr = trafficList.erase(twrItr);
                        trafficListItr = trafficList.begin();
+                       break;
                }
        }
-       // And finally, delete the record if we found it.
-       if(t) delete t;
+       // And finally, delete the record.
+       delete t;
 }
 
-void FGTower::ReportDownwind(string ID) {
+void FGTower::ReportDownwind(const string& ID) {
        //cout << "ReportDownwind(...) called\n";
+       string uid=ID;
        if(ID == "USER") {
-               ID = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
+               uid = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
                current_atcdialog->remove_entry(ident, USER_REPORT_DOWNWIND, TOWER);
        }
-       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(ID);
+       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(uid);
        if(t) {
                t->downwindReported = true;
                responseReqd = true;
@@ -2159,13 +2259,14 @@ void FGTower::ReportDownwind(string ID) {
        }
 }
 
-void FGTower::ReportGoingAround(string ID) {
+void FGTower::ReportGoingAround(const string& ID) {
+       string uid=ID;
        if(ID == "USER") {
-               ID = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
+               uid = fgGetString("/sim/user/callsign");
                RemoveAllUserDialogOptions();   // TODO - it would be much more efficient if ATCDialog simply had a clear() function!!!
                current_atcdialog->add_entry(ident, "@AP Tower @CS Downwind @RW", "Report Downwind", TOWER, (int)USER_REPORT_DOWNWIND);
        }
-       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(ID);
+       TowerPlaneRec* t = FindPlane(uid);
        if(t) {
                //t->goAroundReported = true;  // No need to set this until we start responding to it.
                responseReqd = false;   // might change in the future but for now we'll not distract them during the go-around.
@@ -2217,7 +2318,7 @@ string FGTower::GenText(const string& m, int c) {
                        int check = 0;  // If mes gets overflowed the while loop can go infinite
                        while ( strchr(&mes[0], crej) != NULL  ) {      // ie. loop until no more occurances of crej ('@') found
                                pos = strchr( &mes[0], crej );
-                               bcopy(pos, &tag[0], 3);
+                               memmove(&tag[0], pos, 3);
                                tag[3] = '\0';
                                int i;
                                len = 0;