//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-// Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
//
// $Id$
# include <config.h>
#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_WINDOWS_H
-# include <windows.h>
-#endif
-
#include <math.h>
#include <plib/sg.h>
#include <simgear/constants.h>
#include <simgear/debug/logstream.hxx>
#include <simgear/math/interpolater.hxx>
+#include <simgear/props/props.hxx>
+#include <simgear/environment/visual_enviro.hxx>
#include <Main/fg_props.hxx>
+
#include "environment.hxx"
+\f
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Atmosphere model.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Calculated based on the ISA standard day, as found at e.g.
+// http://www.av8n.com/physics/altimetry.htm
+
+// Each line of data has 3 elements:
+// Elevation (ft),
+// temperature factor (dimensionless ratio of absolute temp),
+// pressure factor (dimensionless ratio)
+static double atmosphere_data[][3] = {
+ { -3000.00, 1.021, 1.1133 },
+ { 0.00, 1.000, 1.0000 },
+ { 2952.76, 0.980, 0.8978 },
+ { 5905.51, 0.959, 0.8042 },
+ { 8858.27, 0.939, 0.7187 },
+ { 11811.02, 0.919, 0.6407 },
+ { 14763.78, 0.898, 0.5697 },
+ { 17716.54, 0.878, 0.5052 },
+ { 20669.29, 0.858, 0.4468 },
+ { 23622.05, 0.838, 0.3940 },
+ { 26574.80, 0.817, 0.3463 },
+ { 29527.56, 0.797, 0.3034 },
+ { 32480.31, 0.777, 0.2649 },
+ { 35433.07, 0.756, 0.2305 },
+ { 38385.83, 0.752, 0.2000 },
+ { 41338.58, 0.752, 0.1736 },
+ { 44291.34, 0.752, 0.1506 },
+ { 47244.09, 0.752, 0.1307 },
+ { 50196.85, 0.752, 0.1134 },
+ { 53149.61, 0.752, 0.0984 },
+ { 56102.36, 0.752, 0.0854 },
+ { 59055.12, 0.752, 0.0741 },
+ { 62007.87, 0.752, 0.0643 },
+ { 65000.00, 0.752, 0.0557 },
+ { 68000.00, 0.754, 0.0482 },
+ { 71000.00, 0.758, 0.0418 },
+ { 74000.00, 0.761, 0.0362 },
+ { 77000.00, 0.764, 0.0314 },
+ { 80000.00, 0.767, 0.0273 },
+ { 83000.00, 0.770, 0.0237 },
+ { 86000.00, 0.773, 0.0206 },
+ { 89000.00, 0.777, 0.0179 },
+ { 92000.00, 0.780, 0.0156 },
+ { 95000.00, 0.783, 0.0135 },
+ { 98000.00, 0.786, 0.0118 },
+ { 101000.00, 0.789, 0.0103 },
+ { -1, -1, -1 }
+};
+
+static SGInterpTable * _temperature_degc_table = 0;
+static SGInterpTable * _pressure_inhg_table = 0;
+
+static void
+_setup_tables ()
+{
+ if (_temperature_degc_table != 0)
+ return;
+
+ _temperature_degc_table = new SGInterpTable;
+ _pressure_inhg_table = new SGInterpTable;
+
+ for (int i = 0; atmosphere_data[i][0] != -1; i++) {
+ _temperature_degc_table->addEntry(atmosphere_data[i][0],
+ atmosphere_data[i][1]);
+ _pressure_inhg_table->addEntry(atmosphere_data[i][0],
+ atmosphere_data[i][2]);
+ }
+}
+
+
+\f
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation of FGEnvironment.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+void FGEnvironment::_init()
+{
+ elevation_ft = 0;
+ visibility_m = 32000;
+ temperature_sea_level_degc = 15;
+ temperature_degc = 15;
+ dewpoint_sea_level_degc = 5; // guess
+ dewpoint_degc = 5;
+ pressure_sea_level_inhg = 29.92;
+ pressure_inhg = 29.92;
+ turbulence_magnitude_norm = 0;
+ turbulence_rate_hz = 1;
+ wind_from_heading_deg = 0;
+ wind_speed_kt = 0;
+ wind_from_north_fps = 0;
+ wind_from_east_fps = 0;
+ wind_from_down_fps = 0;
+ altitude_half_to_sun_m = 1000;
+ altitude_tropo_top_m = 10000;
+ _setup_tables();
+ _recalc_density();
+ _recalc_relative_humidity();
+
+}
+
FGEnvironment::FGEnvironment()
- : _temperature_degc_table(new SGInterpTable),
- _pressure_inhg_table(new SGInterpTable),
- _density_slugft3_table(new SGInterpTable),
- visibility_m(32000),
- temperature_sea_level_degc(20),
- pressure_sea_level_inhg(28),
- density_sea_level_slugft3(0.0024),
- wind_from_heading_deg(0),
- wind_speed_kt(0),
- wind_from_north_fps(0),
- wind_from_east_fps(0),
- wind_from_down_fps(0)
-{
- _setup_tables();
+{
+ _init();
}
FGEnvironment::FGEnvironment (const FGEnvironment &env)
- : _temperature_degc_table(new SGInterpTable),
- _pressure_inhg_table(new SGInterpTable),
- _density_slugft3_table(new SGInterpTable),
- elevation_ft(env.elevation_ft),
- visibility_m(env.visibility_m),
- temperature_sea_level_degc(env.temperature_sea_level_degc),
- pressure_sea_level_inhg(env.pressure_sea_level_inhg),
- density_sea_level_slugft3(env.density_sea_level_slugft3),
- wind_from_heading_deg(env.wind_from_heading_deg),
- wind_speed_kt(env.wind_speed_kt),
- wind_from_north_fps(env.wind_from_north_fps),
- wind_from_east_fps(env.wind_from_east_fps),
- wind_from_down_fps(env.wind_from_down_fps)
-{
- _setup_tables();
+{
+ _init();
+ copy(env);
}
FGEnvironment::~FGEnvironment()
{
- delete _temperature_degc_table;
- delete _pressure_inhg_table;
- delete _density_slugft3_table;
+}
+
+void
+FGEnvironment::copy (const FGEnvironment &env)
+{
+ elevation_ft = env.elevation_ft;
+ visibility_m = env.visibility_m;
+ temperature_sea_level_degc = env.temperature_sea_level_degc;
+ temperature_degc = env.temperature_degc;
+ dewpoint_sea_level_degc = env.dewpoint_sea_level_degc;
+ dewpoint_degc = env.dewpoint_degc;
+ pressure_sea_level_inhg = env.pressure_sea_level_inhg;
+ wind_from_heading_deg = env.wind_from_heading_deg;
+ wind_speed_kt = env.wind_speed_kt;
+ wind_from_north_fps = env.wind_from_north_fps;
+ wind_from_east_fps = env.wind_from_east_fps;
+ wind_from_down_fps = env.wind_from_down_fps;
+ turbulence_magnitude_norm = env.turbulence_magnitude_norm;
+ turbulence_rate_hz = env.turbulence_rate_hz;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+maybe_copy_value (FGEnvironment * env, const SGPropertyNode * node,
+ const char * name, void (FGEnvironment::*setter)(double))
+{
+ const SGPropertyNode * child = node->getNode(name);
+ // fragile: depends on not being typed
+ // as a number
+ if (child != 0 && child->hasValue() &&
+ child->getStringValue()[0] != '\0') {
+ (env->*setter)(child->getDoubleValue());
+ return true;
+ } else {
+ return false;
+ }
+}
+
+void
+FGEnvironment::read (const SGPropertyNode * node)
+{
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "visibility-m",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_visibility_m);
+
+ if (!maybe_copy_value(this, node, "temperature-sea-level-degc",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_temperature_sea_level_degc))
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "temperature-degc",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_temperature_degc);
+
+ if (!maybe_copy_value(this, node, "dewpoint-sea-level-degc",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_dewpoint_sea_level_degc))
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "dewpoint-degc",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_dewpoint_degc);
+
+ if (!maybe_copy_value(this, node, "pressure-sea-level-inhg",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_pressure_sea_level_inhg))
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "pressure-inhg",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_pressure_inhg);
+
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "wind-from-heading-deg",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_wind_from_heading_deg);
+
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "wind-speed-kt",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_wind_speed_kt);
+
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "elevation-ft",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_elevation_ft);
+
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "turbulence/magnitude-norm",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_turbulence_magnitude_norm);
+
+ maybe_copy_value(this, node, "turbulence/rate-hz",
+ &FGEnvironment::set_turbulence_rate_hz);
}
return temperature_degc;
}
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_temperature_degf () const
+{
+ return (temperature_degc * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32.0;
+}
+
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_dewpoint_sea_level_degc () const
+{
+ return dewpoint_sea_level_degc;
+}
+
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_dewpoint_degc () const
+{
+ return dewpoint_degc;
+}
+
double
FGEnvironment::get_pressure_sea_level_inhg () const
{
}
double
-FGEnvironment::get_density_sea_level_slugft3 () const
+FGEnvironment::get_density_slugft3 () const
+{
+ return density_slugft3;
+}
+
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_relative_humidity () const
{
- return density_sea_level_slugft3;
+ return relative_humidity;
}
double
-FGEnvironment::get_density_slugft3 () const
+FGEnvironment::get_density_tropo_avg_kgm3 () const
{
- return density_slugft3;
+ return density_tropo_avg_kgm3;
+}
+
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_altitude_half_to_sun_m () const
+{
+ return altitude_half_to_sun_m;
+}
+
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_altitude_tropo_top_m () const
+{
+ return altitude_tropo_top_m;
}
double
return wind_from_down_fps;
}
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_turbulence_magnitude_norm () const
+{
+ if( sgEnviro.get_turbulence_enable_state() )
+ if (fgGetBool("/environment/params/real-world-weather-fetch") == true)
+ return sgEnviro.get_cloud_turbulence();
+ return turbulence_magnitude_norm;
+}
+
+double
+FGEnvironment::get_turbulence_rate_hz () const
+{
+ return turbulence_rate_hz;
+}
+
double
FGEnvironment::get_elevation_ft () const
{
FGEnvironment::set_temperature_sea_level_degc (double t)
{
temperature_sea_level_degc = t;
+ if (dewpoint_sea_level_degc > t)
+ dewpoint_sea_level_degc = t;
_recalc_alt_temperature();
+ _recalc_density();
}
void
{
temperature_degc = t;
_recalc_sl_temperature();
+ _recalc_density();
+ _recalc_relative_humidity();
}
void
-FGEnvironment::set_pressure_sea_level_inhg (double p)
+FGEnvironment::set_dewpoint_sea_level_degc (double t)
{
- pressure_sea_level_inhg = p;
- _recalc_alt_pressure();
+ dewpoint_sea_level_degc = t;
+ if (temperature_sea_level_degc < t)
+ temperature_sea_level_degc = t;
+ _recalc_alt_dewpoint();
+ _recalc_density();
}
void
-FGEnvironment::set_pressure_inhg (double p)
+FGEnvironment::set_dewpoint_degc (double t)
{
- pressure_inhg = p;
- _recalc_sl_pressure();
+ dewpoint_degc = t;
+ _recalc_sl_dewpoint();
+ _recalc_density();
+ _recalc_relative_humidity();
}
void
-FGEnvironment::set_density_sea_level_slugft3 (double d)
+FGEnvironment::set_pressure_sea_level_inhg (double p)
{
- density_sea_level_slugft3 = d;
- _recalc_alt_density();
+ pressure_sea_level_inhg = p;
+ _recalc_alt_pressure();
+ _recalc_density();
}
void
-FGEnvironment::set_density_slugft3 (double d)
+FGEnvironment::set_pressure_inhg (double p)
{
- density_slugft3 = d;
- _recalc_sl_density();
+ pressure_inhg = p;
+ _recalc_sl_pressure();
+ _recalc_density();
}
void
_recalc_hdgspd();
}
+void
+FGEnvironment::set_turbulence_magnitude_norm (double t)
+{
+ turbulence_magnitude_norm = t;
+}
+
+void
+FGEnvironment::set_turbulence_rate_hz (double r)
+{
+ turbulence_rate_hz = r;
+}
+
void
FGEnvironment::set_elevation_ft (double e)
{
elevation_ft = e;
_recalc_alt_temperature();
+ _recalc_alt_dewpoint();
_recalc_alt_pressure();
- _recalc_alt_density();
+ _recalc_density();
+ _recalc_relative_humidity();
}
-// Atmosphere model.
-
-// Copied from YASim Atmosphere.cxx, with m converted to ft, degK
-// converted to degC, Pa converted to inHG, and kg/m^3 converted to
-// slug/ft^3.
-
-// Original comment from YASim:
-
-// Copied from McCormick, who got it from "The ARDC Model Atmosphere"
-// Note that there's an error in the text in the first entry,
-// McCormick lists 299.16/101325/1.22500, but those don't agree with
-// R=287. I chose to correct the temperature to 288.20, since 79F is
-// pretty hot for a "standard" atmosphere.
-
-// Elevation (ft), temperature (degC), pressure (inHG), density (slug/ft^3)
-static double atmosphere_data[][4] = {
- 0, 0.00, 0.000, 0.000000,
- 2952, -5.89, -3.058, -0.000198,
- 5905, -11.74, -5.856, -0.000384,
- 8858, -17.58, -8.413, -0.000556,
- 11811, -23.43, -10.745, -0.000717,
- 14763, -29.27, -12.867, -0.000867,
- 17716, -35.11, -14.794, -0.001006,
- 20669, -40.95, -16.541, -0.001136,
- 23622, -46.79, -18.120, -0.001255,
- 26574, -52.62, -19.544, -0.001366,
- 29527, -58.46, -20.826, -0.001467,
- 32480, -64.29, -21.976, -0.001561,
- 35433, -70.12, -23.005, -0.001647,
- 38385, -71.54, -23.916, -0.001739,
- 41338, -71.54, -24.708, -0.001822,
- 44291, -71.54, -25.395, -0.001894,
- 47244, -71.54, -25.991, -0.001957,
- 50196, -71.54, -26.509, -0.002012,
- 53149, -71.54, -26.959, -0.002059,
- 56102, -71.54, -27.349, -0.002100,
- 59055, -71.54, -27.687, -0.002136,
- 62007, -71.54, -27.981, -0.002167,
- -1, -1, -1, -1
-};
+void
+FGEnvironment::set_altitude_half_to_sun_m (double alt)
+{
+ altitude_half_to_sun_m = alt;
+ _recalc_density_tropo_avg_kgm3();
+}
void
-FGEnvironment::_setup_tables ()
+FGEnvironment::set_altitude_tropo_top_m (double alt)
{
- for (int i = 0; atmosphere_data[i][0] != -1; i++) {
- _temperature_degc_table->addEntry(atmosphere_data[i][0],
- atmosphere_data[i][1]);
- _pressure_inhg_table->addEntry(atmosphere_data[i][0],
- atmosphere_data[i][2]);
- _density_slugft3_table->addEntry(atmosphere_data[i][0],
- atmosphere_data[i][3]);
- }
+ altitude_tropo_top_m = alt;
+ _recalc_density_tropo_avg_kgm3();
}
+
void
FGEnvironment::_recalc_hdgspd ()
{
double angle_rad;
if (wind_from_east_fps == 0) {
- angle_rad = (wind_from_north_fps >= 0 ? SGD_PI/2 : -SGD_PI/2);
+ angle_rad = (wind_from_north_fps >= 0 ? SGD_PI_2 : -SGD_PI_2);
} else {
angle_rad = atan(wind_from_north_fps/wind_from_east_fps);
}
wind_from_heading_deg = 90 - wind_from_heading_deg;
else
wind_from_heading_deg = 270 - wind_from_heading_deg;
+
+#if 0
+ // FIXME: Windspeed can become negative with these formulas.
+ // which can cause problems for animations that rely
+ // on the windspeed property.
if (angle_rad == 0)
wind_speed_kt = fabs(wind_from_east_fps
* SG_METER_TO_NM * SG_FEET_TO_METER * 3600);
else
wind_speed_kt = (wind_from_north_fps / sin(angle_rad))
* SG_METER_TO_NM * SG_FEET_TO_METER * 3600;
+#else
+ wind_speed_kt = sqrt(wind_from_north_fps * wind_from_north_fps +
+ wind_from_east_fps * wind_from_east_fps)
+ * SG_METER_TO_NM * SG_FEET_TO_METER * 3600;
+#endif
}
void
void
FGEnvironment::_recalc_sl_temperature ()
{
+ // If we're in the stratosphere, leave sea-level temp alone
if (elevation_ft < 38000) {
- temperature_sea_level_degc =
- temperature_degc - _temperature_degc_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
+ temperature_sea_level_degc = (temperature_degc + 273.15)
+ / _temperature_degc_table->interpolate(elevation_ft)
+ - 273.15;
}
- // If we're in the stratosphere, leave sea-level temp alone
}
void
FGEnvironment::_recalc_alt_temperature ()
{
- temperature_degc =
- temperature_sea_level_degc +
- _temperature_degc_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
+ if (elevation_ft < 38000) {
+ temperature_degc = (temperature_sea_level_degc + 273.15) *
+ _temperature_degc_table->interpolate(elevation_ft) - 273.15;
+ } else {
+ temperature_degc = -56.49; // Stratosphere is constant
+ }
+}
+
+void
+FGEnvironment::_recalc_sl_dewpoint ()
+{
+ // 0.2degC/1000ft
+ // FIXME: this will work only for low
+ // elevations
+ dewpoint_sea_level_degc = dewpoint_degc + (elevation_ft * .0002);
+ if (dewpoint_sea_level_degc > temperature_sea_level_degc)
+ dewpoint_sea_level_degc = temperature_sea_level_degc;
+}
+
+void
+FGEnvironment::_recalc_alt_dewpoint ()
+{
+ // 0.2degC/1000ft
+ // FIXME: this will work only for low
+ // elevations
+ dewpoint_degc = dewpoint_sea_level_degc + (elevation_ft * .0002);
+ if (dewpoint_degc > temperature_degc)
+ dewpoint_degc = temperature_degc;
}
void
FGEnvironment::_recalc_sl_pressure ()
{
pressure_sea_level_inhg =
- pressure_inhg - _pressure_inhg_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
+ pressure_inhg / _pressure_inhg_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
}
void
FGEnvironment::_recalc_alt_pressure ()
{
pressure_inhg =
- pressure_sea_level_inhg + _pressure_inhg_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
+ pressure_sea_level_inhg * _pressure_inhg_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
}
void
-FGEnvironment::_recalc_sl_density ()
+FGEnvironment::_recalc_density ()
+{
+ double pressure_psf = pressure_inhg * 70.7487;
+
+ // adjust for humidity
+ // calculations taken from USA Today (oops!) at
+ // http://www.usatoday.com/weather/basics/density-calculations.htm
+ double temperature_degk = temperature_degc + 273.15;
+ double pressure_mb = pressure_inhg * 33.86;
+ double vapor_pressure_mb =
+ 6.11 * pow(10.0, 7.5 * dewpoint_degc / (237.7 + dewpoint_degc));
+ double virtual_temperature_degk = temperature_degk / (1 - (vapor_pressure_mb / pressure_mb) * (1.0 - 0.622));
+ double virtual_temperature_degr = virtual_temperature_degk * 1.8;
+
+ density_slugft3 = pressure_psf / (virtual_temperature_degr * 1718);
+ _recalc_density_tropo_avg_kgm3();
+}
+
+// This is used to calculate the average density on the path
+// of sunlight to the observer for calculating sun-color
+void
+FGEnvironment::_recalc_density_tropo_avg_kgm3 ()
{
- density_sea_level_slugft3 =
- density_slugft3 - _density_slugft3_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
+ double pressure_mb = pressure_inhg * 33.86;
+ double vaporpressure = 6.11 * pow(10.0, ((7.5 * dewpoint_degc) / (237.7 + dewpoint_degc)));
+
+ double virtual_temp = (temperature_degc + 273.15) / (1 - 0.379 * (vaporpressure/pressure_mb));
+
+ double density_half = (100 * pressure_mb * exp(-altitude_half_to_sun_m / 8000))
+ / (287.05 * virtual_temp);
+ double density_tropo = (100 * pressure_mb * exp((-1 * altitude_tropo_top_m) / 8000))
+ / ( 287.05 * virtual_temp);
+
+ density_tropo_avg_kgm3 = ((density_slugft3 * 515.379) + density_half + density_tropo) / 3;
}
void
-FGEnvironment::_recalc_alt_density ()
+FGEnvironment::_recalc_relative_humidity ()
{
- density_slugft3 =
- density_sea_level_slugft3 +
- _density_slugft3_table->interpolate(elevation_ft);
+ double vaporpressure = 6.11 * pow(10.0, ((7.5 * dewpoint_degc) / ( 237.7 + dewpoint_degc)));
+ double sat_vaporpressure = 6.11 * pow(10.0, ((7.5 * temperature_degc)
+ / ( 237.7 + temperature_degc)) );
+ relative_humidity = 100 * vaporpressure / sat_vaporpressure ;
+}
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static inline double
+do_interp (double a, double b, double fraction)
+{
+ double retval = (a + ((b - a) * fraction));
+ return retval;
+}
+
+static inline double
+do_interp_deg (double a, double b, double fraction)
+{
+ a = fmod(a, 360);
+ b = fmod(b, 360);
+ if (fabs(b-a) > 180) {
+ if (a < b)
+ a += 360;
+ else
+ b += 360;
+ }
+ return fmod(do_interp(a, b, fraction), 360);
+}
+
+void
+interpolate (const FGEnvironment * env1, const FGEnvironment * env2,
+ double fraction, FGEnvironment * result)
+{
+ result->set_visibility_m
+ (do_interp(env1->get_visibility_m(),
+ env2->get_visibility_m(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_temperature_sea_level_degc
+ (do_interp(env1->get_temperature_sea_level_degc(),
+ env2->get_temperature_sea_level_degc(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_dewpoint_degc
+ (do_interp(env1->get_dewpoint_sea_level_degc(),
+ env2->get_dewpoint_sea_level_degc(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_pressure_sea_level_inhg
+ (do_interp(env1->get_pressure_sea_level_inhg(),
+ env2->get_pressure_sea_level_inhg(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_wind_from_heading_deg
+ (do_interp_deg(env1->get_wind_from_heading_deg(),
+ env2->get_wind_from_heading_deg(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_wind_speed_kt
+ (do_interp(env1->get_wind_speed_kt(),
+ env2->get_wind_speed_kt(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_elevation_ft
+ (do_interp(env1->get_elevation_ft(),
+ env2->get_elevation_ft(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_turbulence_magnitude_norm
+ (do_interp(env1->get_turbulence_magnitude_norm(),
+ env2->get_turbulence_magnitude_norm(),
+ fraction));
+
+ result->set_turbulence_rate_hz
+ (do_interp(env1->get_turbulence_rate_hz(),
+ env2->get_turbulence_rate_hz(),
+ fraction));
}
// end of environment.cxx