-/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-\r
- Header: FGPiston.h\r
- Author: Jon S. Berndt\r
- Date started: 09/12/2000\r
-\r
- ------------- Copyright (C) 2000 Jon S. Berndt (jsb@hal-pc.org) --------------\r
-\r
- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under\r
- the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software\r
- Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later\r
- version.\r
-\r
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT\r
- ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS\r
- FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more\r
- details.\r
-\r
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with\r
- this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple\r
- Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.\r
-\r
- Further information about the GNU General Public License can also be found on\r
- the world wide web at http://www.gnu.org.\r
-\r
-HISTORY\r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r
-09/12/2000 JSB Created\r
-10/01/2001 DPM Modified to use equations from Dave Luff's piston model.\r
-\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-COMMENTS, REFERENCES, and NOTES\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-SENTRY\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/\r
-\r
-#ifndef FGPISTON_H\r
-#define FGPISTON_H\r
-\r
-/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-INCLUDES\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/\r
-\r
-#include "FGEngine.h"\r
-#include "FGConfigFile.h"\r
-#include "FGTable.h"\r
-\r
-/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-DEFINITIONS\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/\r
-\r
-#define ID_PISTON "$Id$";\r
-\r
-/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-FORWARD DECLARATIONS\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/\r
-\r
-/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-COMMENTS, REFERENCES, and NOTES\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/\r
-\r
-/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-DOCUMENTATION\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/\r
-\r
-/** Models Dave Luff's engine model as ported into JSBSim by David Megginson.\r
- @author Jon S. Berndt (Engine framework code and framework-related mods)\r
- @author Dave Luff (engine operational code)\r
- @author David Megginson (porting and additional code)\r
- @version $Id$\r
- */\r
-\r
-/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-CLASS DECLARATION\r
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/\r
-\r
-class FGPiston : public FGEngine\r
-{\r
-public:\r
- /// Constructor\r
- FGPiston(FGFDMExec* exec, FGConfigFile* Eng_cfg);\r
- /// Destructor\r
- ~FGPiston();\r
-\r
- float Calculate(float PowerRequired);\r
- float GetPowerAvailable(void) {return PowerAvailable;}\r
-\r
-private:\r
- float BrakeHorsePower;\r
- float SpeedSlope;\r
- float SpeedIntercept;\r
- float AltitudeSlope;\r
- float PowerAvailable;\r
-\r
- // timestep\r
- float dt;\r
-\r
- void doEngineStartup(void);\r
- void doManifoldPressure(void);\r
- void doAirFlow(void);\r
- void doFuelFlow(void);\r
- void doEnginePower(void);\r
- void doEGT(void);\r
- void doCHT(void);\r
- void doOilPressure(void);\r
- void doOilTemperature(void);\r
-\r
- //\r
- // constants\r
- //\r
- const float CONVERT_CUBIC_INCHES_TO_METERS_CUBED;\r
-\r
- const float R_air;\r
- const float rho_fuel; // kg/m^3\r
- const float calorific_value_fuel; // W/Kg (approximate)\r
- const float Cp_air; // J/KgK\r
- const float Cp_fuel; // J/KgK\r
-\r
- FGTable *Lookup_Combustion_Efficiency;\r
- FGTable *Power_Mixture_Correlation;\r
-\r
- //\r
- // Configuration\r
- //\r
- float MinManifoldPressure_inHg; // Inches Hg\r
- float MaxManifoldPressure_inHg; // Inches Hg\r
- float Displacement; // cubic inches\r
- float MaxHP; // horsepower\r
- float Cycles; // cycles/power stroke\r
- float IdleRPM; // revolutions per minute\r
-\r
- //\r
- // Inputs (in addition to those in FGEngine).\r
- //\r
- float p_amb; // Pascals\r
- float p_amb_sea_level; // Pascals\r
- float T_amb; // degrees Kelvin\r
- float RPM; // revolutions per minute\r
- float IAS; // knots\r
-\r
- //\r
- // Outputs (in addition to those in FGEngine).\r
- //\r
- bool Magneto_Left;\r
- bool Magneto_Right;\r
- float rho_air;\r
- float volumetric_efficiency;\r
- float m_dot_air;\r
- float equivalence_ratio;\r
- float m_dot_fuel;\r
- float Percentage_Power;\r
- float HP;\r
- float combustion_efficiency;\r
-\r
- void Debug(void);\r
-};\r
-\r
-//%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\r
-#endif\r
+/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+ Header: FGPiston.h
+ Author: Jon S. Berndt
+ Date started: 09/12/2000
+
+ ------------- Copyright (C) 2000 Jon S. Berndt (jsb@hal-pc.org) --------------
+
+ This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+ Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+ version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
+ details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
+ Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+ Further information about the GNU General Public License can also be found on
+ the world wide web at http://www.gnu.org.
+
+HISTORY
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+09/12/2000 JSB Created
+10/01/2001 DPM Modified to use equations from Dave Luff's piston model.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+SENTRY
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
+
+#ifndef FGPISTON_H
+#define FGPISTON_H
+
+/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+INCLUDES
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
+
+#include "FGEngine.h"
+#include "FGConfigFile.h"
+#include "FGTable.h"
+
+/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+DEFINITIONS
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
+
+#define ID_PISTON "$Id$";
+#define FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS 3
+
+/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+FORWARD DECLARATIONS
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
+
+namespace JSBSim {
+
+/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+CLASS DOCUMENTATION
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
+
+/** Models Dave Luff's Turbo/Supercharged Piston engine model.
+ Additional elements are required for a supercharged engine. These can be
+ left off a non-supercharged engine, ie. the changes are all backward
+ compatible at present.
+
+ - NUMBOOSTSPEEDS - zero (or not present) for a naturally-aspirated engine,
+ either 1, 2 or 3 for a boosted engine. This corresponds to the number of
+ supercharger speeds. Merlin XII had 1 speed, Merlin 61 had 2, a late
+ Griffon engine apparently had 3. No known engine more than 3, although
+ some German engines apparently had a continuously variable-speed
+ supercharger.
+
+ - BOOSTOVERRIDE - whether the boost pressure control system (either a boost
+ control valve for superchargers or wastegate for turbochargers) can be
+ overriden by the pilot. During wartime this was commonly possible, and
+ known as "War Emergency Power" by the Brits. 1 or 0 in the config file.
+ This isn't implemented in the model yet though, there would need to be
+ some way of getting the boost control cutout lever position (on or off)
+ from FlightGear first.
+
+ - The next items are all appended with either 1, 2 or 3 depending on which
+ boost speed they refer to, eg RATEDBOOST1. The rated values seems to have
+ been a common convention at the time to express the maximum continuously
+ available power, and the conditions to attain that power.
+
+ - RATEDBOOST[123] - the absolute rated boost above sea level ambient for a
+ given boost speed, in psi. Eg the Merlin XII had a rated boost of 9psi,
+ giving approximately 42inHg manifold pressure up to the rated altitude.
+
+ - RATEDALTITUDE[123] - The altitude up to which rated boost can be
+ maintained. Up to this altitude the boost is maintained constant for a
+ given throttle position by the BCV or wastegate. Beyond this altitude the
+ manifold pressure must drop, since the supercharger is now at maximum
+ unregulated output. The actual pressure multiplier of the supercharger
+ system is calculated at initialisation from this value.
+
+ - RATEDPOWER[123] - The power developed at rated boost at rated altitude at
+ rated rpm.
+
+ - RATEDRPM[123] - The rpm at which rated power is developed.
+
+ - TAKEOFFBOOST - Takeoff boost in psi above ambient. Many aircraft had an
+ extra boost setting beyond rated boost, but not totally uncontrolled as in
+ the already mentioned boost-control-cutout, typically attained by pushing
+ the throttle past a mechanical 'gate' preventing its inadvertant use. This
+ was typically used for takeoff, and emergency situations, generally for
+ not more than five minutes. This is a change in the boost control
+ setting, not the actual supercharger speed, and so would only give extra
+ power below the rated altitude. When TAKEOFFBOOST is specified in the
+ config file (and is above RATEDBOOST1), then the throttle position is
+ interpreted as:
+
+ - 0 to 0.95 : idle manifold pressure to rated boost (where attainable)
+ - 0.96, 0.97, 0.98 : rated boost (where attainable).
+ - 0.99, 1.0 : takeoff boost (where attainable).
+
+ A typical takeoff boost for an earlyish Merlin was about 12psi, compared
+ with a rated boost of 9psi.
+
+ It is quite possible that other boost control settings could have been used
+ on some aircraft, or that takeoff/extra boost could have activated by other
+ means than pushing the throttle full forward through a gate, but this will
+ suffice for now.
+
+ Note that MAXMP is still the non-boosted max manifold pressure even for
+ boosted engines - effectively this is simply a measure of the pressure drop
+ through the fully open throttle.
+
+ @author Jon S. Berndt (Engine framework code and framework-related mods)
+ @author Dave Luff (engine operational code)
+ @author David Megginson (initial porting and additional code)
+ @version $Id$
+ */
+
+/*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+CLASS DECLARATION
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%*/
+
+class FGPiston : public FGEngine
+{
+public:
+ /// Constructor
+ FGPiston(FGFDMExec* exec, FGConfigFile* Eng_cfg, int engine_number);
+ /// Destructor
+ ~FGPiston();
+
+ string GetEngineLabels(string delimeter);
+ string GetEngineValues(string delimeter);
+
+ double Calculate(void);
+ double GetPowerAvailable(void) {return PowerAvailable;}
+ double CalcFuelNeed(void);
+
+ void SetMagnetos(int magnetos) {Magnetos = magnetos;}
+
+ double GetEGT(void) { return EGT_degC; }
+ int GetMagnetos(void) {return Magnetos;}
+
+ double getExhaustGasTemp_degF(void) {return KelvinToFahrenheit(ExhaustGasTemp_degK);}
+ double getManifoldPressure_inHg(void) const {return ManifoldPressure_inHg;}
+ double getCylinderHeadTemp_degF(void) {return KelvinToFahrenheit(CylinderHeadTemp_degK);}
+ double getOilPressure_psi(void) const {return OilPressure_psi;}
+ double getOilTemp_degF (void) {return KelvinToFahrenheit(OilTemp_degK);}
+ double getRPM(void) {return RPM;}
+
+private:
+ int crank_counter;
+
+ double BrakeHorsePower;
+ double SpeedSlope;
+ double SpeedIntercept;
+ double AltitudeSlope;
+ double PowerAvailable;
+
+ // timestep
+ double dt;
+
+ void doEngineStartup(void);
+ void doBoostControl(void);
+ void doMAP(void);
+ void doAirFlow(void);
+ void doFuelFlow(void);
+ void doEnginePower(void);
+ void doEGT(void);
+ void doCHT(void);
+ void doOilPressure(void);
+ void doOilTemperature(void);
+
+ //
+ // constants
+ //
+
+ const double R_air;
+ const double rho_fuel; // kg/m^3
+ const double calorific_value_fuel; // W/Kg (approximate)
+ const double Cp_air; // J/KgK
+ const double Cp_fuel; // J/KgK
+
+ FGTable *Lookup_Combustion_Efficiency;
+ FGTable *Power_Mixture_Correlation;
+
+ //
+ // Configuration
+ //
+ double MinManifoldPressure_inHg; // Inches Hg
+ double MaxManifoldPressure_inHg; // Inches Hg
+ double Displacement; // cubic inches
+ double MaxHP; // horsepower
+ double Cycles; // cycles/power stroke
+ double IdleRPM; // revolutions per minute
+ int BoostSpeeds; // Number of super/turbocharger boost speeds - zero implies no turbo/supercharging.
+ int BoostSpeed; // The current boost-speed (zero-based).
+ bool Boosted; // Set true for boosted engine.
+ int BoostOverride; // The raw value read in from the config file - should be 1 or 0 - see description below.
+ bool bBoostOverride; // Set true if pilot override of the boost regulator was fitted.
+ // (Typically called 'war emergency power').
+ bool bTakeoffBoost; // Set true if extra takeoff / emergency boost above rated boost could be attained.
+ // (Typically by extra throttle movement past a mechanical 'gate').
+ double TakeoffBoost; // Sea-level takeoff boost in psi. (if fitted).
+ double RatedBoost[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS]; // Sea-level rated boost in psi.
+ double RatedAltitude[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS]; // Altitude at which full boost is reached (boost regulation ends)
+ // and at which power starts to fall with altitude [ft].
+ double RatedRPM[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS]; // Engine speed at which the rated power for each boost speed is delivered [rpm].
+ double RatedPower[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS]; // Power at rated throttle position at rated altitude [HP].
+ double BoostSwitchAltitude[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS - 1]; // Altitude at which switchover (currently assumed automatic)
+ // from one boost speed to next occurs [ft].
+ double BoostSwitchPressure[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS - 1]; // Pressure at which boost speed switchover occurs [Pa]
+ double BoostMul[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS]; // Pressure multipier of unregulated supercharger
+ double RatedMAP[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS]; // Rated manifold absolute pressure [Pa] (BCV clamp)
+ double TakeoffMAP[FG_MAX_BOOST_SPEEDS]; // Takeoff setting manifold absolute pressure [Pa] (BCV clamp)
+ double BoostSwitchHysteresis; // Pa.
+
+ double minMAP; // Pa
+ double maxMAP; // Pa
+ double MAP; // Pa
+
+ //
+ // Inputs (in addition to those in FGEngine).
+ //
+ double p_amb; // Pascals
+ double p_amb_sea_level; // Pascals
+ double T_amb; // degrees Kelvin
+ double RPM; // revolutions per minute
+ double IAS; // knots
+ bool Magneto_Left;
+ bool Magneto_Right;
+ int Magnetos;
+
+ //
+ // Outputs (in addition to those in FGEngine).
+ //
+ double rho_air;
+ double volumetric_efficiency;
+ double m_dot_air;
+ double equivalence_ratio;
+ double m_dot_fuel;
+ double Percentage_Power;
+ double HP;
+ double combustion_efficiency;
+ double ExhaustGasTemp_degK;
+ double EGT_degC;
+ double ManifoldPressure_inHg;
+ double CylinderHeadTemp_degK;
+ double OilPressure_psi;
+ double OilTemp_degK;
+
+ void Debug(int from);
+};
+}
+//%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+#endif
projects / flightgear.git / blobdiff