// radio.cxx -- implementation of FGRadio
// Class to manage radio propagation using the ITM model
-// Written by Adrian Musceac, started August 2011.
+// Written by Adrian Musceac YO8RZZ, started August 2011.
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
#endif
#include <math.h>
+
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <deque>
#include "radio.hxx"
+#include <simgear/scene/material/mat.hxx>
#include <Scenery/scenery.hxx>
+#include <boost/scoped_array.hpp>
#define WITH_POINT_TO_POINT 1
#include "itm.cpp"
-FGRadio::FGRadio() {
+FGRadioTransmission::FGRadioTransmission() {
- /** radio parameters (which should probably be set for each radio) */
- _receiver_sensitivity = -110.0; // typical AM receiver sensitivity seems to be 0.8 microVolt at 12dB SINAD
+ _receiver_sensitivity = -105.0; // typical AM receiver sensitivity seems to be 0.8 microVolt at 12dB SINAD or less
/** AM transmitter power in dBm.
- * Note this value is calculated from the typical final transistor stage output
- * small aircraft have portable transmitters which operate at 36 dBm output (4 Watts)
- * later possibly store this value in aircraft description
- * ATC comms usually operate high power equipment, thus making the link asymetrical; this is taken care of in propagation routines
+ * Typical output powers for ATC ground equipment, VHF-UHF:
+ * 40 dBm - 10 W (ground, clearance)
+ * 44 dBm - 20 W (tower)
+ * 47 dBm - 50 W (center, sectors)
+ * 50 dBm - 100 W (center, sectors)
+ * 53 dBm - 200 W (sectors, on directional arrays)
**/
_transmitter_power = 43.0;
- /** pilot plane's antenna gain + AI aircraft antenna gain
- * real-life gain for conventional monopole/dipole antenna
- **/
- _antenna_gain = 2.0;
- _propagation_model = 2; // choose between models via option: realistic radio on/off
+ _tx_antenna_height = 2.0; // TX antenna height above ground level
+
+ _rx_antenna_height = 2.0; // RX antenna height above ground level
+
+
+ _rx_antenna_gain = 1.0; // maximum antenna gain expressed in dBi
+ _tx_antenna_gain = 1.0;
+
+ _rx_line_losses = 2.0; // to be configured for each station
+ _tx_line_losses = 2.0;
+
+ _polarization = 1; // default vertical
+
+ _propagation_model = 2;
+
+ _root_node = fgGetNode("sim/radio", true);
+ _terrain_sampling_distance = _root_node->getDoubleValue("sampling-distance", 90.0); // regular SRTM is 90 meters
+
}
-FGRadio::~FGRadio()
+FGRadioTransmission::~FGRadioTransmission()
{
}
-double FGRadio::getFrequency(int radio) {
+double FGRadioTransmission::getFrequency(int radio) {
double freq = 118.0;
switch (radio) {
case 1:
return freq;
}
-/*** TODO: receive multiplayer chat message and voice
-***/
-void FGRadio::receiveChat(SGGeod tx_pos, double freq, string text,
- int ground_to_air) {
+
+void FGRadioTransmission::receiveChat(SGGeod tx_pos, double freq, string text, int ground_to_air) {
}
-/*** TODO: receive navaid
-***/
-double FGRadio::receiveNav(SGGeod tx_pos, double freq, int transmission_type) {
+
+double FGRadioTransmission::receiveNav(SGGeod tx_pos, double freq, int transmission_type) {
- // need to implement transmitter power
+ // typical VOR/LOC transmitter power appears to be 100 - 200 Watt i.e 50 - 53 dBm
+ // vor/loc typical sensitivity between -107 and -101 dBm
+ // glideslope sensitivity between -85 and -81 dBm
if ( _propagation_model == 1) {
return LOS_calculate_attenuation(tx_pos, freq, 1);
}
}
-/*** Receive ATC radio communication as text
-***/
-void FGRadio::receiveATC(SGGeod tx_pos, double freq, string text,
- int ground_to_air) {
- /*
+double FGRadioTransmission::receiveBeacon(SGGeod &tx_pos, double heading, double pitch) {
+
+ // these properties should be set by an instrument
+ _receiver_sensitivity = _root_node->getDoubleValue("station[0]/rx-sensitivity", _receiver_sensitivity);
+ _transmitter_power = watt_to_dbm(_root_node->getDoubleValue("station[0]/tx-power-watt", _transmitter_power));
+ _polarization = _root_node->getIntValue("station[0]/polarization", 1);
+ _tx_antenna_height += _root_node->getDoubleValue("station[0]/tx-antenna-height", 0);
+ _rx_antenna_height += _root_node->getDoubleValue("station[0]/rx-antenna-height", 0);
+ _tx_antenna_gain += _root_node->getDoubleValue("station[0]/tx-antenna-gain", 0);
+ _rx_antenna_gain += _root_node->getDoubleValue("station[0]/rx-antenna-gain", 0);
+
+ double freq = _root_node->getDoubleValue("station[0]/frequency", 144.8); // by default stay in the ham 2 meter band
+
double comm1 = getFrequency(1);
double comm2 = getFrequency(2);
- if ( (freq != comm1) && (freq != comm2) ) {
- cerr << "Frequency not tuned: " << freq << " Radio1: " << comm1 << " Radio2: " << comm2 << endl;
+ if ( !(fabs(freq - comm1) <= 0.0001) && !(fabs(freq - comm2) <= 0.0001) ) {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ double signal = ITM_calculate_attenuation(tx_pos, freq, 1);
+
+ return signal;
+}
+
+
+
+void FGRadioTransmission::receiveATC(SGGeod tx_pos, double freq, string text, int ground_to_air) {
+
+ // adjust some default parameters in case the ATC code does not set them
+ if(ground_to_air == 1) {
+ _transmitter_power += 4.0;
+ _tx_antenna_height += 30.0;
+ _tx_antenna_gain += 2.0;
+ }
+
+ double comm1 = getFrequency(1);
+ double comm2 = getFrequency(2);
+ if ( !(fabs(freq - comm1) <= 0.0001) && !(fabs(freq - comm2) <= 0.0001) ) {
return;
}
else {
- */
- if ( _propagation_model == 0) {
+
+ if ( _propagation_model == 0) { // skip propagation routines entirely
fgSetString("/sim/messages/atc", text.c_str());
}
- else if ( _propagation_model == 1 ) {
- // TODO: free space, round earth
+ else if ( _propagation_model == 1 ) { // Use free-space, round earth
+
double signal = LOS_calculate_attenuation(tx_pos, freq, ground_to_air);
if (signal <= 0.0) {
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK, "Signal below receiver minimum sensitivity: " << signal);
- //cerr << "Signal below receiver minimum sensitivity: " << signal << endl;
return;
}
else {
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK, "Signal completely readable: " << signal);
- //cerr << "Signal completely readable: " << signal << endl;
fgSetString("/sim/messages/atc", text.c_str());
- fgSetDouble("/sim/radio/comm1-signal", signal);
}
}
- else if ( _propagation_model == 2 ) {
- // Use ITM propagation model
+ else if ( _propagation_model == 2 ) { // Use ITM propagation model
+
double signal = ITM_calculate_attenuation(tx_pos, freq, ground_to_air);
if (signal <= 0.0) {
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK, "Signal below receiver minimum sensitivity: " << signal);
- //cerr << "Signal below receiver minimum sensitivity: " << signal << endl;
return;
}
if ((signal > 0.0) && (signal < 12.0)) {
- /** for low SNR values implement a way to make the conversation
+ /** for low SNR values need a way to make the conversation
* hard to understand but audible
* in the real world, the receiver AGC fails to capture the slope
* and the signal, due to being amplitude modulated, decreases volume after demodulation
text.replace(pos,1, hash_noise);
}
*/
- double volume = (fabs(signal - 12.0) / 12);
- double old_volume = fgGetDouble("/sim/sound/voices/voice/volume");
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK, "Usable signal at limit: " << signal);
- //cerr << "Usable signal at limit: " << signal << endl;
- fgSetDouble("/sim/sound/voices/voice/volume", volume);
+ //double volume = (fabs(signal - 12.0) / 12);
+ //double old_volume = fgGetDouble("/sim/sound/voices/voice/volume");
+
+ //fgSetDouble("/sim/sound/voices/voice/volume", volume);
fgSetString("/sim/messages/atc", text.c_str());
- fgSetDouble("/sim/radio/comm1-signal", signal);
- fgSetDouble("/sim/sound/voices/voice/volume", old_volume);
+ //fgSetDouble("/sim/sound/voices/voice/volume", old_volume);
}
else {
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK, "Signal completely readable: " << signal);
- //cerr << "Signal completely readable: " << signal << endl;
fgSetString("/sim/messages/atc", text.c_str());
- fgSetDouble("/sim/radio/comm1-signal", signal);
}
-
}
-
- //}
-
+ }
}
-/*** Implement radio attenuation
- based on the Longley-Rice propagation model
-***/
-double FGRadio::ITM_calculate_attenuation(SGGeod pos, double freq,
- int transmission_type) {
+
+double FGRadioTransmission::ITM_calculate_attenuation(SGGeod pos, double freq, int transmission_type) {
-
+ if((freq < 40.0) || (freq > 20000.0)) // frequency out of recommended range
+ return -1;
/** ITM default parameters
TODO: take them from tile materials (especially for sea)?
**/
double eps_dielect=15.0;
double sgm_conductivity = 0.005;
double eno = 301.0;
- double frq_mhz;
- if( (freq < 118.0) || (freq > 137.0) )
- frq_mhz = 125.0; // sane value, middle of bandplan
- else
- frq_mhz = freq;
+ double frq_mhz = freq;
+
int radio_climate = 5; // continental temperate
- int pol=1; // assuming vertical polarization although this is more complex in reality
+ int pol= _polarization;
double conf = 0.90; // 90% of situations and time, take into account speed
double rel = 0.90;
double dbloss;
char strmode[150];
+ int p_mode = 0; // propgation mode selector: 0 LOS, 1 diffraction dominant, 2 troposcatter
+ double horizons[2];
int errnum;
+ double clutter_loss = 0.0; // loss due to vegetation and urban
double tx_pow = _transmitter_power;
- double ant_gain = _antenna_gain;
+ double ant_gain = _rx_antenna_gain + _tx_antenna_gain;
double signal = 0.0;
- if(transmission_type == 1)
- tx_pow = _transmitter_power + 6.0;
-
- if((transmission_type == 1) || (transmission_type == 3))
- ant_gain = _antenna_gain + 3.0; //pilot plane's antenna gain + ground station antenna gain
- double link_budget = tx_pow - _receiver_sensitivity + ant_gain;
+ double link_budget = tx_pow - _receiver_sensitivity - _rx_line_losses - _tx_line_losses + ant_gain;
+ double signal_strength = tx_pow - _rx_line_losses - _tx_line_losses + ant_gain;
+ double tx_erp = dbm_to_watt(tx_pow + _tx_antenna_gain - _tx_line_losses);
+
FGScenery * scenery = globals->get_scenery();
double own_lat = fgGetDouble("/position/latitude-deg");
double own_lon = fgGetDouble("/position/longitude-deg");
double own_alt_ft = fgGetDouble("/position/altitude-ft");
+ double own_heading = fgGetDouble("/orientation/heading-deg");
double own_alt= own_alt_ft * SG_FEET_TO_METER;
- //cerr << "ITM:: pilot Lat: " << own_lat << ", Lon: " << own_lon << ", Alt: " << own_alt << endl;
+
SGGeod own_pos = SGGeod::fromDegM( own_lon, own_lat, own_alt );
SGGeod max_own_pos = SGGeod::fromDegM( own_lon, own_lat, SG_MAX_ELEVATION_M );
SGGeoc center = SGGeoc::fromGeod( max_own_pos );
SGGeoc own_pos_c = SGGeoc::fromGeod( own_pos );
- /** position of sender radio antenna (HAAT)
- sender can be aircraft or ground station
- **/
- double ATC_HAAT = 30.0;
- double Aircraft_HAAT = 5.0;
+
double sender_alt_ft,sender_alt;
double transmitter_height=0.0;
double receiver_height=0.0;
sender_alt = sender_alt_ft * SG_FEET_TO_METER;
SGGeod max_sender_pos = SGGeod::fromGeodM( pos, SG_MAX_ELEVATION_M );
SGGeoc sender_pos_c = SGGeoc::fromGeod( sender_pos );
- //cerr << "ITM:: sender Lat: " << parent->getLatitude() << ", Lon: " << parent->getLongitude() << ", Alt: " << sender_alt << endl;
- double point_distance= 90.0; // regular SRTM is 90 meters
+
+ double point_distance= _terrain_sampling_distance;
double course = SGGeodesy::courseRad(own_pos_c, sender_pos_c);
+ double reverse_course = SGGeodesy::courseRad(sender_pos_c, own_pos_c);
double distance_m = SGGeodesy::distanceM(own_pos, sender_pos);
double probe_distance = 0.0;
- /** If distance larger than this value (300 km), assume reception imposssible */
+ /** If distance larger than this value (300 km), assume reception imposssible to spare CPU cycles */
if (distance_m > 300000)
return -1.0;
- /** If above 8000 meters, consider LOS mode and calculate free-space att */
+ /** If above 8000 meters, consider LOS mode and calculate free-space att to spare CPU cycles */
if (own_alt > 8000) {
dbloss = 20 * log10(distance_m) +20 * log10(frq_mhz) -27.55;
SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK,
}
- double max_points = distance_m / point_distance;
- deque<double> _elevations;
+ int max_points = (int)floor(distance_m / point_distance);
+ //double delta_last = fmod(distance_m, point_distance);
+
+ deque<double> elevations;
+ deque<string*> materials;
+
double elevation_under_pilot = 0.0;
if (scenery->get_elevation_m( max_own_pos, elevation_under_pilot, NULL )) {
- receiver_height = own_alt - elevation_under_pilot + 3; //assume antenna located 3 meters above ground
+ receiver_height = own_alt - elevation_under_pilot;
}
double elevation_under_sender = 0.0;
transmitter_height = sender_alt;
}
- if(transmission_type == 1)
- transmitter_height += ATC_HAAT;
- else
- transmitter_height += Aircraft_HAAT;
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK,
- "ITM:: RX-height: " << receiver_height << " meters, TX-height: " << transmitter_height << " meters, Distance: " << distance_m << " meters");
- cerr << "ITM:: RX-height: " << receiver_height << " meters, TX-height: " << transmitter_height << " meters, Distance: " << distance_m << " meters" << endl;
+ transmitter_height += _tx_antenna_height;
+ receiver_height += _rx_antenna_height;
+
+ //cerr << "ITM:: RX-height: " << receiver_height << " meters, TX-height: " << transmitter_height << " meters, Distance: " << distance_m << " meters" << endl;
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/rx-height", receiver_height);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/tx-height", transmitter_height);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/distance", distance_m / 1000);
unsigned int e_size = (deque<unsigned>::size_type)max_points;
- while (_elevations.size() <= e_size) {
+ while (elevations.size() <= e_size) {
probe_distance += point_distance;
SGGeod probe = SGGeod::fromGeoc(center.advanceRadM( course, probe_distance ));
-
+ const SGMaterial *mat = 0;
double elevation_m = 0.0;
- if (scenery->get_elevation_m( probe, elevation_m, NULL )) {
+ if (scenery->get_elevation_m( probe, elevation_m, &mat )) {
if((transmission_type == 3) || (transmission_type == 4)) {
- _elevations.push_back(elevation_m);
+ elevations.push_back(elevation_m);
+ if(mat) {
+ const std::vector<string> mat_names = mat->get_names();
+ string* name = new string(mat_names[0]);
+ materials.push_back(name);
+ }
+ else {
+ string* no_material = new string("None");
+ materials.push_back(no_material);
+ }
}
else {
- _elevations.push_front(elevation_m);
+ elevations.push_front(elevation_m);
+ if(mat) {
+ const std::vector<string> mat_names = mat->get_names();
+ string* name = new string(mat_names[0]);
+ materials.push_front(name);
+ }
+ else {
+ string* no_material = new string("None");
+ materials.push_front(no_material);
+ }
}
}
else {
if((transmission_type == 3) || (transmission_type == 4)) {
- _elevations.push_back(elevation_m);
+ elevations.push_back(0.0);
+ string* no_material = new string("None");
+ materials.push_back(no_material);
}
else {
- _elevations.push_front(0.0);
+ string* no_material = new string("None");
+ elevations.push_front(0.0);
+ materials.push_front(no_material);
}
}
}
if((transmission_type == 3) || (transmission_type == 4)) {
- _elevations.push_front(elevation_under_pilot);
- _elevations.push_back(elevation_under_sender);
+ elevations.push_front(elevation_under_pilot);
+ //if (delta_last > (point_distance / 2) ) // only add last point if it's farther than half point_distance
+ elevations.push_back(elevation_under_sender);
}
else {
- _elevations.push_back(elevation_under_pilot);
- _elevations.push_front(elevation_under_sender);
+ elevations.push_back(elevation_under_pilot);
+ //if (delta_last > (point_distance / 2) )
+ elevations.push_front(elevation_under_sender);
}
- double max_alt_between=0.0;
- for( deque<double>::size_type i = 0; i < _elevations.size(); i++ ) {
- if (_elevations[i] > max_alt_between) {
- max_alt_between = _elevations[i];
- }
- }
-
- double num_points= (double)_elevations.size();
- //cerr << "ITM:: Max alt between: " << max_alt_between << ", num points:" << num_points << endl;
- _elevations.push_front(point_distance);
- _elevations.push_front(num_points -1);
- int size = _elevations.size();
- double itm_elev[size];
+ double num_points= (double)elevations.size();
+
+
+ elevations.push_front(point_distance);
+ elevations.push_front(num_points -1);
+
+ int size = elevations.size();
+ boost::scoped_array<double> itm_elev( new double[size] );
+
for(int i=0;i<size;i++) {
- itm_elev[i]=_elevations[i];
- //cerr << "ITM:: itm_elev: " << _elevations[i] << endl;
+ itm_elev[i]=elevations[i];
}
-
- /** first Fresnel zone radius
- frequency in the middle of the bandplan, more accuracy is not necessary
- */
- double fz_clr= 8.657 * sqrt(distance_m / 0.125);
-
- // TODO: If we clear the first Fresnel zone, we are into line of sight territory
-
- // else we need to calculate point to point link loss
if((transmission_type == 3) || (transmission_type == 4)) {
// the sender and receiver roles are switched
- point_to_point(itm_elev, receiver_height, transmitter_height,
+ ITM::point_to_point(itm_elev.get(), receiver_height, transmitter_height,
eps_dielect, sgm_conductivity, eno, frq_mhz, radio_climate,
- pol, conf, rel, dbloss, strmode, errnum);
-
+ pol, conf, rel, dbloss, strmode, p_mode, horizons, errnum);
+ if( _root_node->getBoolValue( "use-clutter-attenuation", false ) )
+ calculate_clutter_loss(frq_mhz, itm_elev.get(), materials, receiver_height, transmitter_height, p_mode, horizons, clutter_loss);
}
else {
-
- point_to_point(itm_elev, transmitter_height, receiver_height,
+ ITM::point_to_point(itm_elev.get(), transmitter_height, receiver_height,
eps_dielect, sgm_conductivity, eno, frq_mhz, radio_climate,
- pol, conf, rel, dbloss, strmode, errnum);
+ pol, conf, rel, dbloss, strmode, p_mode, horizons, errnum);
+ if( _root_node->getBoolValue( "use-clutter-attenuation", false ) )
+ calculate_clutter_loss(frq_mhz, itm_elev.get(), materials, transmitter_height, receiver_height, p_mode, horizons, clutter_loss);
}
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK,
- "ITM:: Link budget: " << link_budget << ", Attenuation: " << dbloss << " dBm, " << strmode << ", Error: " << errnum);
- cerr << "ITM:: Link budget: " << link_budget << ", Attenuation: " << dbloss << " dBm, " << strmode << ", Error: " << errnum << endl;
- //if (errnum == 4) // if parameters are outside sane values for lrprop, the alternative method is used
+ double pol_loss = 0.0;
+ // TODO: remove this check after we check a bit the axis calculations in this function
+ if (_polarization == 1) {
+ pol_loss = polarization_loss();
+ }
+ //SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK,
+ // "ITM:: Link budget: " << link_budget << ", Attenuation: " << dbloss << " dBm, " << strmode << ", Error: " << errnum);
+ //cerr << "ITM:: Link budget: " << link_budget << ", Attenuation: " << dbloss << " dBm, " << strmode << ", Error: " << errnum << endl;
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/link-budget", link_budget);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/terrain-attenuation", dbloss);
+ _root_node->setStringValue("station[0]/prop-mode", strmode);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/clutter-attenuation", clutter_loss);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/polarization-attenuation", pol_loss);
+ //if (errnum == 4) // if parameters are outside sane values for lrprop, bail out fast
// return -1;
- signal = link_budget - dbloss;
+
+ // temporary, keep this antenna radiation pattern code here
+ double tx_pattern_gain = 0.0;
+ double rx_pattern_gain = 0.0;
+ double sender_heading = 270.0; // due West
+ double tx_antenna_bearing = sender_heading - reverse_course * SGD_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES;
+ double rx_antenna_bearing = own_heading - course * SGD_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES;
+ double rx_elev_angle = atan((itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height - itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height) / distance_m) * SGD_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES;
+ double tx_elev_angle = 0.0 - rx_elev_angle;
+ if (_root_node->getBoolValue("use-tx-antenna-pattern", false)) {
+ FGRadioAntenna* TX_antenna;
+ TX_antenna = new FGRadioAntenna("Plot2");
+ TX_antenna->set_heading(sender_heading);
+ TX_antenna->set_elevation_angle(0);
+ tx_pattern_gain = TX_antenna->calculate_gain(tx_antenna_bearing, tx_elev_angle);
+ delete TX_antenna;
+ }
+ if (_root_node->getBoolValue("use-rx-antenna-pattern", false)) {
+ FGRadioAntenna* RX_antenna;
+ RX_antenna = new FGRadioAntenna("Plot2");
+ RX_antenna->set_heading(own_heading);
+ RX_antenna->set_elevation_angle(fgGetDouble("/orientation/pitch-deg"));
+ rx_pattern_gain = RX_antenna->calculate_gain(rx_antenna_bearing, rx_elev_angle);
+ delete RX_antenna;
+ }
+
+ signal = link_budget - dbloss - clutter_loss + pol_loss + rx_pattern_gain + tx_pattern_gain;
+ double signal_strength_dbm = signal_strength - dbloss - clutter_loss + pol_loss + rx_pattern_gain + tx_pattern_gain;
+ double field_strength_uV = dbm_to_microvolt(signal_strength_dbm);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/signal-dbm", signal_strength_dbm);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/field-strength-uV", field_strength_uV);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/signal", signal);
+ _root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/tx-erp", tx_erp);
+
+ //_root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/tx-pattern-gain", tx_pattern_gain);
+ //_root_node->setDoubleValue("station[0]/rx-pattern-gain", rx_pattern_gain);
+
+ for (unsigned i =0; i < materials.size(); i++) {
+ delete materials[i];
+ }
+
return signal;
}
-/*** implement simple LOS propagation model (WIP)
-***/
-double FGRadio::LOS_calculate_attenuation(SGGeod pos, double freq,
- int transmission_type) {
- double frq_mhz;
- if( (freq < 118.0) || (freq > 137.0) )
- frq_mhz = 125.0; // sane value, middle of bandplan
- else
- frq_mhz = freq;
+
+void FGRadioTransmission::calculate_clutter_loss(double freq, double itm_elev[], deque<string*> &materials,
+ double transmitter_height, double receiver_height, int p_mode,
+ double horizons[], double &clutter_loss) {
+
+ double distance_m = itm_elev[0] * itm_elev[1]; // only consider elevation points
+ unsigned mat_size = materials.size();
+ if (p_mode == 0) { // LOS: take each point and see how clutter height affects first Fresnel zone
+ int mat = 0;
+ int j=1;
+ for (int k=3;k < (int)(itm_elev[0]) + 2;k++) {
+
+ double clutter_height = 0.0; // mean clutter height for a certain terrain type
+ double clutter_density = 0.0; // percent of reflected wave
+ if((unsigned)mat >= mat_size) { //this tends to happen when the model interferes with the antenna (obstructs)
+ //cerr << "Array index out of bounds 0-0: " << mat << " size: " << mat_size << endl;
+ break;
+ }
+ get_material_properties(materials[mat], clutter_height, clutter_density);
+
+ double grad = fabs(itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height - itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height) / distance_m;
+ // First Fresnel radius
+ double frs_rad = 548 * sqrt( (j * itm_elev[1] * (itm_elev[0] - j) * itm_elev[1] / 1000000) / ( distance_m * freq / 1000) );
+ if (frs_rad <= 0.0) { //this tends to happen when the model interferes with the antenna (obstructs)
+ //cerr << "Frs rad 0-0: " << frs_rad << endl;
+ continue;
+ }
+ //double earth_h = distance_m * (distance_m - j * itm_elev[1]) / ( 1000000 * 12.75 * 1.33 ); // K=4/3
+
+ double min_elev = SGMiscd::min(itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height, itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height);
+ double d1 = j * itm_elev[1];
+ if ((itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height) > ( itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height) ) {
+ d1 = (itm_elev[0] - j) * itm_elev[1];
+ }
+ double ray_height = (grad * d1) + min_elev;
+
+ double clearance = ray_height - (itm_elev[k] + clutter_height) - frs_rad * 8/10;
+ double intrusion = fabs(clearance);
+
+ if (clearance >= 0) {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion < clutter_height)) {
+
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (intrusion / (frs_rad * 2) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion > clutter_height)) {
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (clutter_height / (frs_rad * 2 ) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ j++;
+ mat++;
+ }
+
+ }
+ else if (p_mode == 1) { // diffraction
+
+ if (horizons[1] == 0.0) { // single horizon: same as above, except pass twice using the highest point
+ int num_points_1st = (int)floor( horizons[0] * itm_elev[0]/ distance_m );
+ int num_points_2nd = (int)ceil( (distance_m - horizons[0]) * itm_elev[0] / distance_m );
+ //cerr << "Diffraction 1 horizon:: points1: " << num_points_1st << " points2: " << num_points_2nd << endl;
+ int last = 1;
+ /** perform the first pass */
+ int mat = 0;
+ int j=1;
+ for (int k=3;k < num_points_1st + 2;k++) {
+ if (num_points_1st < 1)
+ break;
+ double clutter_height = 0.0; // mean clutter height for a certain terrain type
+ double clutter_density = 0.0; // percent of reflected wave
+
+ if((unsigned)mat >= mat_size) {
+ //cerr << "Array index out of bounds 1-1: " << mat << " size: " << mat_size << endl;
+ break;
+ }
+ get_material_properties(materials[mat], clutter_height, clutter_density);
+
+ double grad = fabs(itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height - itm_elev[num_points_1st + 2] + clutter_height) / distance_m;
+ // First Fresnel radius
+ double frs_rad = 548 * sqrt( (j * itm_elev[1] * (num_points_1st - j) * itm_elev[1] / 1000000) / ( num_points_1st * itm_elev[1] * freq / 1000) );
+ if (frs_rad <= 0.0) {
+ //cerr << "Frs rad 1-1: " << frs_rad << endl;
+ continue;
+ }
+ //double earth_h = distance_m * (distance_m - j * itm_elev[1]) / ( 1000000 * 12.75 * 1.33 ); // K=4/3
+
+ double min_elev = SGMiscd::min(itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height, itm_elev[num_points_1st + 2] + clutter_height);
+ double d1 = j * itm_elev[1];
+ if ( (itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height) > (itm_elev[num_points_1st + 2] + clutter_height) ) {
+ d1 = (num_points_1st - j) * itm_elev[1];
+ }
+ double ray_height = (grad * d1) + min_elev;
+
+ double clearance = ray_height - (itm_elev[k] + clutter_height) - frs_rad * 8/10;
+ double intrusion = fabs(clearance);
+
+ if (clearance >= 0) {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion < clutter_height)) {
+
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (intrusion / (frs_rad * 2) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion > clutter_height)) {
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (clutter_height / (frs_rad * 2 ) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ j++;
+ mat++;
+ last = k;
+ }
+
+ /** and the second pass */
+ mat +=1;
+ j =1; // first point is diffraction edge, 2nd the RX elevation
+ for (int k=last+2;k < (int)(itm_elev[0]) + 2;k++) {
+ if (num_points_2nd < 1)
+ break;
+ double clutter_height = 0.0; // mean clutter height for a certain terrain type
+ double clutter_density = 0.0; // percent of reflected wave
+
+ if((unsigned)mat >= mat_size) {
+ //cerr << "Array index out of bounds 1-2: " << mat << " size: " << mat_size << endl;
+ break;
+ }
+ get_material_properties(materials[mat], clutter_height, clutter_density);
+
+ double grad = fabs(itm_elev[last+1] + clutter_height - itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height) / distance_m;
+ // First Fresnel radius
+ double frs_rad = 548 * sqrt( (j * itm_elev[1] * (num_points_2nd - j) * itm_elev[1] / 1000000) / ( num_points_2nd * itm_elev[1] * freq / 1000) );
+ if (frs_rad <= 0.0) {
+ //cerr << "Frs rad 1-2: " << frs_rad << " numpoints2 " << num_points_2nd << " j: " << j << endl;
+ continue;
+ }
+ //double earth_h = distance_m * (distance_m - j * itm_elev[1]) / ( 1000000 * 12.75 * 1.33 ); // K=4/3
+
+ double min_elev = SGMiscd::min(itm_elev[last+1] + clutter_height, itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height);
+ double d1 = j * itm_elev[1];
+ if ( (itm_elev[last+1] + clutter_height) > (itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height) ) {
+ d1 = (num_points_2nd - j) * itm_elev[1];
+ }
+ double ray_height = (grad * d1) + min_elev;
+
+ double clearance = ray_height - (itm_elev[k] + clutter_height) - frs_rad * 8/10;
+ double intrusion = fabs(clearance);
+
+ if (clearance >= 0) {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion < clutter_height)) {
+
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (intrusion / (frs_rad * 2) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion > clutter_height)) {
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (clutter_height / (frs_rad * 2 ) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ j++;
+ mat++;
+ }
+
+ }
+ else { // double horizon: same as single horizon, except there are 3 segments
+
+ int num_points_1st = (int)floor( horizons[0] * itm_elev[0] / distance_m );
+ int num_points_2nd = (int)floor(horizons[1] * itm_elev[0] / distance_m );
+ int num_points_3rd = (int)itm_elev[0] - num_points_1st - num_points_2nd;
+ //cerr << "Double horizon:: horizon1: " << horizons[0] << " horizon2: " << horizons[1] << " distance: " << distance_m << endl;
+ //cerr << "Double horizon:: points1: " << num_points_1st << " points2: " << num_points_2nd << " points3: " << num_points_3rd << endl;
+ int last = 1;
+ /** perform the first pass */
+ int mat = 0;
+ int j=1; // first point is TX elevation, 2nd is obstruction elevation
+ for (int k=3;k < num_points_1st +2;k++) {
+ if (num_points_1st < 1)
+ break;
+ double clutter_height = 0.0; // mean clutter height for a certain terrain type
+ double clutter_density = 0.0; // percent of reflected wave
+ if((unsigned)mat >= mat_size) {
+ //cerr << "Array index out of bounds 2-1: " << mat << " size: " << mat_size << endl;
+ break;
+ }
+ get_material_properties(materials[mat], clutter_height, clutter_density);
+
+ double grad = fabs(itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height - itm_elev[num_points_1st + 2] + clutter_height) / distance_m;
+ // First Fresnel radius
+ double frs_rad = 548 * sqrt( (j * itm_elev[1] * (num_points_1st - j) * itm_elev[1] / 1000000) / ( num_points_1st * itm_elev[1] * freq / 1000) );
+ if (frs_rad <= 0.0) {
+ //cerr << "Frs rad 2-1: " << frs_rad << " numpoints1 " << num_points_1st << " j: " << j << endl;
+ continue;
+ }
+ //double earth_h = distance_m * (distance_m - j * itm_elev[1]) / ( 1000000 * 12.75 * 1.33 ); // K=4/3
+
+ double min_elev = SGMiscd::min(itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height, itm_elev[num_points_1st + 2] + clutter_height);
+ double d1 = j * itm_elev[1];
+ if ( (itm_elev[2] + transmitter_height) > (itm_elev[num_points_1st + 2] + clutter_height) ) {
+ d1 = (num_points_1st - j) * itm_elev[1];
+ }
+ double ray_height = (grad * d1) + min_elev;
+
+ double clearance = ray_height - (itm_elev[k] + clutter_height) - frs_rad * 8/10;
+ double intrusion = fabs(clearance);
+
+ if (clearance >= 0) {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion < clutter_height)) {
+
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (intrusion / (frs_rad * 2) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion > clutter_height)) {
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (clutter_height / (frs_rad * 2 ) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ j++;
+ mat++;
+ last = k;
+ }
+ mat +=1;
+ /** and the second pass */
+ int last2=1;
+ j =1; // first point is 1st obstruction elevation, 2nd is 2nd obstruction elevation
+ for (int k=last+2;k < num_points_1st + num_points_2nd +2;k++) {
+ if (num_points_2nd < 1)
+ break;
+ double clutter_height = 0.0; // mean clutter height for a certain terrain type
+ double clutter_density = 0.0; // percent of reflected wave
+ if((unsigned)mat >= mat_size) {
+ //cerr << "Array index out of bounds 2-2: " << mat << " size: " << mat_size << endl;
+ break;
+ }
+ get_material_properties(materials[mat], clutter_height, clutter_density);
+
+ double grad = fabs(itm_elev[last+1] + clutter_height - itm_elev[num_points_1st + num_points_2nd + 2] + clutter_height) / distance_m;
+ // First Fresnel radius
+ double frs_rad = 548 * sqrt( (j * itm_elev[1] * (num_points_2nd - j) * itm_elev[1] / 1000000) / ( num_points_2nd * itm_elev[1] * freq / 1000) );
+ if (frs_rad <= 0.0) {
+ //cerr << "Frs rad 2-2: " << frs_rad << " numpoints2 " << num_points_2nd << " j: " << j << endl;
+ continue;
+ }
+ //double earth_h = distance_m * (distance_m - j * itm_elev[1]) / ( 1000000 * 12.75 * 1.33 ); // K=4/3
+
+ double min_elev = SGMiscd::min(itm_elev[last+1] + clutter_height, itm_elev[num_points_1st + num_points_2nd +2] + clutter_height);
+ double d1 = j * itm_elev[1];
+ if ( (itm_elev[last+1] + clutter_height) > (itm_elev[num_points_1st + num_points_2nd + 2] + clutter_height) ) {
+ d1 = (num_points_2nd - j) * itm_elev[1];
+ }
+ double ray_height = (grad * d1) + min_elev;
+
+ double clearance = ray_height - (itm_elev[k] + clutter_height) - frs_rad * 8/10;
+ double intrusion = fabs(clearance);
+
+ if (clearance >= 0) {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion < clutter_height)) {
+
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (intrusion / (frs_rad * 2) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion > clutter_height)) {
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (clutter_height / (frs_rad * 2 ) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ j++;
+ mat++;
+ last2 = k;
+ }
+
+ /** third and final pass */
+ mat +=1;
+ j =1; // first point is 2nd obstruction elevation, 3rd is RX elevation
+ for (int k=last2+2;k < (int)itm_elev[0] + 2;k++) {
+ if (num_points_3rd < 1)
+ break;
+ double clutter_height = 0.0; // mean clutter height for a certain terrain type
+ double clutter_density = 0.0; // percent of reflected wave
+ if((unsigned)mat >= mat_size) {
+ //cerr << "Array index out of bounds 2-3: " << mat << " size: " << mat_size << endl;
+ break;
+ }
+ get_material_properties(materials[mat], clutter_height, clutter_density);
+
+ double grad = fabs(itm_elev[last2+1] + clutter_height - itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height) / distance_m;
+ // First Fresnel radius
+ double frs_rad = 548 * sqrt( (j * itm_elev[1] * (num_points_3rd - j) * itm_elev[1] / 1000000) / ( num_points_3rd * itm_elev[1] * freq / 1000) );
+ if (frs_rad <= 0.0) {
+ //cerr << "Frs rad 2-3: " << frs_rad << " numpoints3 " << num_points_3rd << " j: " << j << endl;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ //double earth_h = distance_m * (distance_m - j * itm_elev[1]) / ( 1000000 * 12.75 * 1.33 ); // K=4/3
+
+ double min_elev = SGMiscd::min(itm_elev[last2+1] + clutter_height, itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height);
+ double d1 = j * itm_elev[1];
+ if ( (itm_elev[last2+1] + clutter_height) > (itm_elev[(int)itm_elev[0] + 2] + receiver_height) ) {
+ d1 = (num_points_3rd - j) * itm_elev[1];
+ }
+ double ray_height = (grad * d1) + min_elev;
+
+ double clearance = ray_height - (itm_elev[k] + clutter_height) - frs_rad * 8/10;
+ double intrusion = fabs(clearance);
+
+ if (clearance >= 0) {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion < clutter_height)) {
+
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (intrusion / (frs_rad * 2) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else if (clearance < 0 && (intrusion > clutter_height)) {
+ clutter_loss += clutter_density * (clutter_height / (frs_rad * 2 ) ) * (freq/100) * (itm_elev[1]/100);
+ }
+ else {
+ // no losses
+ }
+ j++;
+ mat++;
+
+ }
+
+ }
+ }
+ else if (p_mode == 2) { // troposcatter: ignore ground clutter for now... maybe do something with weather
+ clutter_loss = 0.0;
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+void FGRadioTransmission::get_material_properties(string* mat_name, double &height, double &density) {
+
+ if(!mat_name)
+ return;
+
+ if(*mat_name == "Landmass") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+
+ else if(*mat_name == "SomeSort") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+
+ else if(*mat_name == "Island") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "Default") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "EvergreenBroadCover") {
+ height = 20.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "EvergreenForest") {
+ height = 20.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "DeciduousBroadCover") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.3;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "DeciduousForest") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.3;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "MixedForestCover") {
+ height = 20.0;
+ density = 0.25;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "MixedForest") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.25;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "RainForest") {
+ height = 25.0;
+ density = 0.55;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "EvergreenNeedleCover") {
+ height = 15.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "WoodedTundraCover") {
+ height = 5.0;
+ density = 0.15;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "DeciduousNeedleCover") {
+ height = 5.0;
+ density = 0.2;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "ScrubCover") {
+ height = 3.0;
+ density = 0.15;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "BuiltUpCover") {
+ height = 30.0;
+ density = 0.7;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "Urban") {
+ height = 30.0;
+ density = 0.7;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "Construction") {
+ height = 30.0;
+ density = 0.7;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "Industrial") {
+ height = 30.0;
+ density = 0.7;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "Port") {
+ height = 30.0;
+ density = 0.7;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "Town") {
+ height = 10.0;
+ density = 0.5;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "SubUrban") {
+ height = 10.0;
+ density = 0.5;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "CropWoodCover") {
+ height = 10.0;
+ density = 0.1;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "CropWood") {
+ height = 10.0;
+ density = 0.1;
+ }
+ else if(*mat_name == "AgroForest") {
+ height = 10.0;
+ density = 0.1;
+ }
+ else {
+ height = 0.0;
+ density = 0.0;
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+double FGRadioTransmission::LOS_calculate_attenuation(SGGeod pos, double freq, int transmission_type) {
+
+ double frq_mhz = freq;
double dbloss;
double tx_pow = _transmitter_power;
- double ant_gain = _antenna_gain;
+ double ant_gain = _rx_antenna_gain + _tx_antenna_gain;
double signal = 0.0;
- double ATC_HAAT = 30.0;
- double Aircraft_HAAT = 5.0;
+
double sender_alt_ft,sender_alt;
double transmitter_height=0.0;
double receiver_height=0.0;
double own_alt_ft = fgGetDouble("/position/altitude-ft");
double own_alt= own_alt_ft * SG_FEET_TO_METER;
- if(transmission_type == 1)
- tx_pow = _transmitter_power + 6.0;
-
- if((transmission_type == 1) || (transmission_type == 3))
- ant_gain = _antenna_gain + 3.0; //pilot plane's antenna gain + ground station antenna gain
- double link_budget = tx_pow - _receiver_sensitivity + ant_gain;
+ double link_budget = tx_pow - _receiver_sensitivity - _rx_line_losses - _tx_line_losses + ant_gain;
//cerr << "ITM:: pilot Lat: " << own_lat << ", Lon: " << own_lon << ", Alt: " << own_alt << endl;
double distance_m = SGGeodesy::distanceM(own_pos, sender_pos);
- if(transmission_type == 1)
- transmitter_height += ATC_HAAT;
- else
- transmitter_height += Aircraft_HAAT;
+
+ transmitter_height += _tx_antenna_height;
+ receiver_height += _rx_antenna_height;
+
/** radio horizon calculation with wave bending k=4/3 */
double receiver_horizon = 4.12 * sqrt(receiver_height);
if (distance_m > total_horizon) {
return -1;
}
-
+ double pol_loss = 0.0;
+ if (_polarization == 1) {
+ pol_loss = polarization_loss();
+ }
// free-space loss (distance calculation should be changed)
dbloss = 20 * log10(distance_m) +20 * log10(frq_mhz) -27.55;
- signal = link_budget - dbloss;
- SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_BULK,
- "LOS:: Link budget: " << link_budget << ", Attenuation: " << dbloss << " dBm ");
- cerr << "LOS:: Link budget: " << link_budget << ", Attenuation: " << dbloss << " dBm " << endl;
+ signal = link_budget - dbloss + pol_loss;
+
+ //cerr << "LOS:: Link budget: " << link_budget << ", Attenuation: " << dbloss << " dBm " << endl;
return signal;
}
+
+/*** calculate loss due to polarization mismatch
+* this function is only reliable for vertical polarization
+* due to the V-shape of horizontally polarized antennas
+***/
+double FGRadioTransmission::polarization_loss() {
+
+ double theta_deg;
+ double roll = fgGetDouble("/orientation/roll-deg");
+ if (fabs(roll) > 85.0)
+ roll = 85.0;
+ double pitch = fgGetDouble("/orientation/pitch-deg");
+ if (fabs(pitch) > 85.0)
+ pitch = 85.0;
+ double theta = fabs( atan( sqrt(
+ pow(tan(roll * SGD_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS), 2) +
+ pow(tan(pitch * SGD_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS), 2) )) * SGD_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES);
+
+ if (_polarization == 0)
+ theta_deg = 90.0 - theta;
+ else
+ theta_deg = theta;
+ if (theta_deg > 85.0) // we don't want to converge into infinity
+ theta_deg = 85.0;
+
+ double loss = 10 * log10( pow(cos(theta_deg * SGD_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS), 2) );
+ //cerr << "Polarization loss: " << loss << " dBm " << endl;
+ return loss;
+}
+
+
+double FGRadioTransmission::watt_to_dbm(double power_watt) {
+ return 10 * log10(1000 * power_watt); // returns dbm
+}
+
+double FGRadioTransmission::dbm_to_watt(double dbm) {
+ return exp( (dbm-30) * log(10.0) / 10.0); // returns Watts
+}
+
+double FGRadioTransmission::dbm_to_microvolt(double dbm) {
+ return sqrt(dbm_to_watt(dbm) * 50) * 1000000; // returns microvolts
+}
+
+
projects / flightgear.git / blobdiff