X-Git-Url: https://git.mxchange.org/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=library%2FOAuth1.php;h=813234b67b5f456beb21aadf58683f78945c8399;hb=95b4f35a126294dc7cdfa28f68e3bf139e3491c8;hp=604945265f6f569c9dc3b7fdf24858c59762bfe2;hpb=ff7fc68382bf1359adc31bd65bb6786b7f63e31a;p=friendica.git diff --git a/library/OAuth1.php b/library/OAuth1.php index 604945265f..813234b67b 100644 --- a/library/OAuth1.php +++ b/library/OAuth1.php @@ -3,881 +3,1041 @@ /* Generic exception class */ -class OAuthException extends Exception { - // pass -} -class OAuthConsumer { - public $key; - public $secret; +use Friendica\Network\FKOAuthDataStore; - function __construct($key, $secret, $callback_url=NULL) { - $this->key = $key; - $this->secret = $secret; - $this->callback_url = $callback_url; - } +if (!class_exists('OAuthException', false)) { + class OAuthException extends Exception + { + } +} - function __toString() { - return "OAuthConsumer[key=$this->key,secret=$this->secret]"; - } +class OAuthConsumer +{ + public $key; + public $secret; + public $callback_url; + + function __construct($key, $secret, $callback_url = NULL) + { + $this->key = $key; + $this->secret = $secret; + $this->callback_url = $callback_url; + } + + function __toString() + { + return "OAuthConsumer[key=$this->key,secret=$this->secret]"; + } } -class OAuthToken { - // access tokens and request tokens - public $key; - public $secret; - - /** - * key = the token - * secret = the token secret - */ - function __construct($key, $secret) { - $this->key = $key; - $this->secret = $secret; - } - - /** - * generates the basic string serialization of a token that a server - * would respond to request_token and access_token calls with - */ - function to_string() { - return "oauth_token=" . - OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($this->key) . - "&oauth_token_secret=" . - OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($this->secret); - } - - function __toString() { - return $this->to_string(); - } +class OAuthToken +{ + // access tokens and request tokens + public $key; + public $secret; + + public $expires; + public $scope; + public $uid; + + /** + * key = the token + * secret = the token secret + * + * @param $key + * @param $secret + */ + function __construct($key, $secret) + { + $this->key = $key; + $this->secret = $secret; + } + + /** + * generates the basic string serialization of a token that a server + * would respond to request_token and access_token calls with + */ + function to_string() + { + return "oauth_token=" . + OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($this->key) . + "&oauth_token_secret=" . + OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($this->secret); + } + + function __toString() + { + return $this->to_string(); + } } /** * A class for implementing a Signature Method * See section 9 ("Signing Requests") in the spec */ -abstract class OAuthSignatureMethod { - /** - * Needs to return the name of the Signature Method (ie HMAC-SHA1) - * @return string - */ - abstract public function get_name(); - - /** - * Build up the signature - * NOTE: The output of this function MUST NOT be urlencoded. - * the encoding is handled in OAuthRequest when the final - * request is serialized - * @param OAuthRequest $request - * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer - * @param OAuthToken $token - * @return string - */ - abstract public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token); - - /** - * Verifies that a given signature is correct - * @param OAuthRequest $request - * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer - * @param OAuthToken $token - * @param string $signature - * @return bool - */ - public function check_signature($request, $consumer, $token, $signature) { - $built = $this->build_signature($request, $consumer, $token); - //echo "
"; var_dump($signature, $built, ($built == $signature)); killme(); - return ($built == $signature); - } +abstract class OAuthSignatureMethod +{ + /** + * Needs to return the name of the Signature Method (ie HMAC-SHA1) + * + * @return string + */ + abstract public function get_name(); + + /** + * Build up the signature + * NOTE: The output of this function MUST NOT be urlencoded. + * the encoding is handled in OAuthRequest when the final + * request is serialized + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer + * @param OAuthToken $token + * @return string + */ + abstract public function build_signature(OAuthRequest $request, OAuthConsumer $consumer, OAuthToken $token = null); + + /** + * Verifies that a given signature is correct + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer + * @param OAuthToken $token + * @param string $signature + * @return bool + */ + public function check_signature(OAuthRequest $request, OAuthConsumer $consumer, $signature, OAuthToken $token = null) + { + $built = $this->build_signature($request, $consumer, $token); + return ($built == $signature); + } } /** - * The HMAC-SHA1 signature method uses the HMAC-SHA1 signature algorithm as defined in [RFC2104] - * where the Signature Base String is the text and the key is the concatenated values (each first - * encoded per Parameter Encoding) of the Consumer Secret and Token Secret, separated by an '&' + * The HMAC-SHA1 signature method uses the HMAC-SHA1 signature algorithm as defined in [RFC2104] + * where the Signature Base String is the text and the key is the concatenated values (each first + * encoded per Parameter Encoding) of the Consumer Secret and Token Secret, separated by an '&' * character (ASCII code 38) even if empty. * - Chapter 9.2 ("HMAC-SHA1") */ -class OAuthSignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1 extends OAuthSignatureMethod { - function get_name() { - return "HMAC-SHA1"; - } - - public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token) { - $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); - $request->base_string = $base_string; - - $key_parts = array( - $consumer->secret, - ($token) ? $token->secret : "" - ); - - $key_parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($key_parts); - $key = implode('&', $key_parts); - - - $r = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_string, $key, true)); - return $r; - } +class OAuthSignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1 extends OAuthSignatureMethod +{ + function get_name() + { + return "HMAC-SHA1"; + } + + /** + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer + * @param OAuthToken $token + * @return string + */ + public function build_signature(OAuthRequest $request, OAuthConsumer $consumer, OAuthToken $token = null) + { + $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); + $request->base_string = $base_string; + + $key_parts = array( + $consumer->secret, + ($token) ? $token->secret : "" + ); + + $key_parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($key_parts); + $key = implode('&', $key_parts); + + + $r = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_string, $key, true)); + return $r; + } } /** - * The PLAINTEXT method does not provide any security protection and SHOULD only be used + * The PLAINTEXT method does not provide any security protection and SHOULD only be used * over a secure channel such as HTTPS. It does not use the Signature Base String. * - Chapter 9.4 ("PLAINTEXT") */ -class OAuthSignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT extends OAuthSignatureMethod { - public function get_name() { - return "PLAINTEXT"; - } - - /** - * oauth_signature is set to the concatenated encoded values of the Consumer Secret and - * Token Secret, separated by a '&' character (ASCII code 38), even if either secret is - * empty. The result MUST be encoded again. - * - Chapter 9.4.1 ("Generating Signatures") - * - * Please note that the second encoding MUST NOT happen in the SignatureMethod, as - * OAuthRequest handles this! - */ - public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token) { - $key_parts = array( - $consumer->secret, - ($token) ? $token->secret : "" - ); - - $key_parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($key_parts); - $key = implode('&', $key_parts); - $request->base_string = $key; - - return $key; - } +class OAuthSignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT extends OAuthSignatureMethod +{ + public function get_name() + { + return "PLAINTEXT"; + } + + /** + * oauth_signature is set to the concatenated encoded values of the Consumer Secret and + * Token Secret, separated by a '&' character (ASCII code 38), even if either secret is + * empty. The result MUST be encoded again. + * - Chapter 9.4.1 ("Generating Signatures") + * + * Please note that the second encoding MUST NOT happen in the SignatureMethod, as + * OAuthRequest handles this! + * + * @param $request + * @param $consumer + * @param $token + * @return string + */ + public function build_signature(OAuthRequest $request, OAuthConsumer $consumer, OAuthToken $token = null) + { + $key_parts = array( + $consumer->secret, + ($token) ? $token->secret : "" + ); + + $key_parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($key_parts); + $key = implode('&', $key_parts); + $request->base_string = $key; + + return $key; + } } /** - * The RSA-SHA1 signature method uses the RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 signature algorithm as defined in - * [RFC3447] section 8.2 (more simply known as PKCS#1), using SHA-1 as the hash function for - * EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5. It is assumed that the Consumer has provided its RSA public key in a - * verified way to the Service Provider, in a manner which is beyond the scope of this + * The RSA-SHA1 signature method uses the RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 signature algorithm as defined in + * [RFC3447] section 8.2 (more simply known as PKCS#1), using SHA-1 as the hash function for + * EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5. It is assumed that the Consumer has provided its RSA public key in a + * verified way to the Service Provider, in a manner which is beyond the scope of this * specification. * - Chapter 9.3 ("RSA-SHA1") */ -abstract class OAuthSignatureMethod_RSA_SHA1 extends OAuthSignatureMethod { - public function get_name() { - return "RSA-SHA1"; - } +abstract class OAuthSignatureMethod_RSA_SHA1 extends OAuthSignatureMethod +{ + public function get_name() + { + return "RSA-SHA1"; + } - // Up to the SP to implement this lookup of keys. Possible ideas are: - // (1) do a lookup in a table of trusted certs keyed off of consumer - // (2) fetch via http using a url provided by the requester - // (3) some sort of specific discovery code based on request - // - // Either way should return a string representation of the certificate - protected abstract function fetch_public_cert(&$request); + // Up to the SP to implement this lookup of keys. Possible ideas are: + // (1) do a lookup in a table of trusted certs keyed off of consumer + // (2) fetch via http using a url provided by the requester + // (3) some sort of specific discovery code based on request + // + // Either way should return a string representation of the certificate + protected abstract function fetch_public_cert(&$request); - // Up to the SP to implement this lookup of keys. Possible ideas are: - // (1) do a lookup in a table of trusted certs keyed off of consumer - // - // Either way should return a string representation of the certificate - protected abstract function fetch_private_cert(&$request); + // Up to the SP to implement this lookup of keys. Possible ideas are: + // (1) do a lookup in a table of trusted certs keyed off of consumer + // + // Either way should return a string representation of the certificate + protected abstract function fetch_private_cert(&$request); - public function build_signature($request, $consumer, $token) { - $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); - $request->base_string = $base_string; + public function build_signature(OAuthRequest $request, OAuthConsumer $consumer, OAuthToken $token = null) + { + $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); + $request->base_string = $base_string; - // Fetch the private key cert based on the request - $cert = $this->fetch_private_cert($request); + // Fetch the private key cert based on the request + $cert = $this->fetch_private_cert($request); - // Pull the private key ID from the certificate - $privatekeyid = openssl_get_privatekey($cert); + // Pull the private key ID from the certificate + $privatekeyid = openssl_get_privatekey($cert); - // Sign using the key - $ok = openssl_sign($base_string, $signature, $privatekeyid); + // Sign using the key + openssl_sign($base_string, $signature, $privatekeyid); - // Release the key resource - openssl_free_key($privatekeyid); + // Release the key resource + openssl_free_key($privatekeyid); - return base64_encode($signature); - } + return base64_encode($signature); + } - public function check_signature($request, $consumer, $token, $signature) { - $decoded_sig = base64_decode($signature); + public function check_signature(OAuthRequest $request, OAuthConsumer $consumer, $signature, OAuthToken $token = null) + { + $decoded_sig = base64_decode($signature); - $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); + $base_string = $request->get_signature_base_string(); - // Fetch the public key cert based on the request - $cert = $this->fetch_public_cert($request); + // Fetch the public key cert based on the request + $cert = $this->fetch_public_cert($request); - // Pull the public key ID from the certificate - $publickeyid = openssl_get_publickey($cert); + // Pull the public key ID from the certificate + $publickeyid = openssl_get_publickey($cert); - // Check the computed signature against the one passed in the query - $ok = openssl_verify($base_string, $decoded_sig, $publickeyid); + // Check the computed signature against the one passed in the query + $ok = openssl_verify($base_string, $decoded_sig, $publickeyid); - // Release the key resource - openssl_free_key($publickeyid); + // Release the key resource + openssl_free_key($publickeyid); - return $ok == 1; - } + return $ok == 1; + } } -class OAuthRequest { - private $parameters; - private $http_method; - private $http_url; - // for debug purposes - public $base_string; - public static $version = '1.0'; - public static $POST_INPUT = 'php://input'; - - function __construct($http_method, $http_url, $parameters=NULL) { - @$parameters or $parameters = array(); - $parameters = array_merge( OAuthUtil::parse_parameters(parse_url($http_url, PHP_URL_QUERY)), $parameters); - $this->parameters = $parameters; - $this->http_method = $http_method; - $this->http_url = $http_url; - } - - - /** - * attempt to build up a request from what was passed to the server - */ - public static function from_request($http_method=NULL, $http_url=NULL, $parameters=NULL) { - $scheme = (!isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) || $_SERVER['HTTPS'] != "on") - ? 'http' - : 'https'; - @$http_url or $http_url = $scheme . - '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . - ':' . - $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] . - $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; - @$http_method or $http_method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']; - - // We weren't handed any parameters, so let's find the ones relevant to - // this request. - // If you run XML-RPC or similar you should use this to provide your own - // parsed parameter-list - if (!$parameters) { - // Find request headers - $request_headers = OAuthUtil::get_headers(); - - // Parse the query-string to find GET parameters - $parameters = OAuthUtil::parse_parameters($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']); - - // It's a POST request of the proper content-type, so parse POST - // parameters and add those overriding any duplicates from GET - if ($http_method == "POST" - && @strstr($request_headers["Content-Type"], - "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") - ) { - $post_data = OAuthUtil::parse_parameters( - file_get_contents(self::$POST_INPUT) - ); - $parameters = array_merge($parameters, $post_data); - } - - // We have a Authorization-header with OAuth data. Parse the header - // and add those overriding any duplicates from GET or POST - if (@substr($request_headers['Authorization'], 0, 6) == "OAuth ") { - $header_parameters = OAuthUtil::split_header( - $request_headers['Authorization'] - ); - $parameters = array_merge($parameters, $header_parameters); - } - - } - // fix for friendika redirect system - - $http_url = substr($http_url, 0, strpos($http_url,$parameters['q'])+strlen($parameters['q'])); - unset( $parameters['q'] ); - - //echo "".__function__."\n"; var_dump($http_method, $http_url, $parameters, $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); killme(); - return new OAuthRequest($http_method, $http_url, $parameters); - } - - /** - * pretty much a helper function to set up the request - */ - public static function from_consumer_and_token($consumer, $token, $http_method, $http_url, $parameters=NULL) { - @$parameters or $parameters = array(); - $defaults = array("oauth_version" => OAuthRequest::$version, - "oauth_nonce" => OAuthRequest::generate_nonce(), - "oauth_timestamp" => OAuthRequest::generate_timestamp(), - "oauth_consumer_key" => $consumer->key); - if ($token) - $defaults['oauth_token'] = $token->key; - - $parameters = array_merge($defaults, $parameters); - - return new OAuthRequest($http_method, $http_url, $parameters); - } - - public function set_parameter($name, $value, $allow_duplicates = true) { - if ($allow_duplicates && isset($this->parameters[$name])) { - // We have already added parameter(s) with this name, so add to the list - if (is_scalar($this->parameters[$name])) { - // This is the first duplicate, so transform scalar (string) - // into an array so we can add the duplicates - $this->parameters[$name] = array($this->parameters[$name]); - } - - $this->parameters[$name][] = $value; - } else { - $this->parameters[$name] = $value; - } - } - - public function get_parameter($name) { - return isset($this->parameters[$name]) ? $this->parameters[$name] : null; - } - - public function get_parameters() { - return $this->parameters; - } - - public function unset_parameter($name) { - unset($this->parameters[$name]); - } - - /** - * The request parameters, sorted and concatenated into a normalized string. - * @return string - */ - public function get_signable_parameters() { - // Grab all parameters - $params = $this->parameters; - - // Remove oauth_signature if present - // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 ("The oauth_signature parameter MUST be excluded.") - if (isset($params['oauth_signature'])) { - unset($params['oauth_signature']); - } - - return OAuthUtil::build_http_query($params); - } - - /** - * Returns the base string of this request - * - * The base string defined as the method, the url - * and the parameters (normalized), each urlencoded - * and the concated with &. - */ - public function get_signature_base_string() { - $parts = array( - $this->get_normalized_http_method(), - $this->get_normalized_http_url(), - $this->get_signable_parameters() - ); - - $parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($parts); - - return implode('&', $parts); - } - - /** - * just uppercases the http method - */ - public function get_normalized_http_method() { - return strtoupper($this->http_method); - } - - /** - * parses the url and rebuilds it to be - * scheme://host/path - */ - public function get_normalized_http_url() { - $parts = parse_url($this->http_url); - - $port = @$parts['port']; - $scheme = $parts['scheme']; - $host = $parts['host']; - $path = @$parts['path']; - - $port or $port = ($scheme == 'https') ? '443' : '80'; - - if (($scheme == 'https' && $port != '443') - || ($scheme == 'http' && $port != '80')) { - $host = "$host:$port"; - } - return "$scheme://$host$path"; - } - - /** - * builds a url usable for a GET request - */ - public function to_url() { - $post_data = $this->to_postdata(); - $out = $this->get_normalized_http_url(); - if ($post_data) { - $out .= '?'.$post_data; - } - return $out; - } - - /** - * builds the data one would send in a POST request - */ - public function to_postdata() { - return OAuthUtil::build_http_query($this->parameters); - } - - /** - * builds the Authorization: header - */ - public function to_header($realm=null) { - $first = true; - if($realm) { - $out = 'Authorization: OAuth realm="' . OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($realm) . '"'; - $first = false; - } else - $out = 'Authorization: OAuth'; - - $total = array(); - foreach ($this->parameters as $k => $v) { - if (substr($k, 0, 5) != "oauth") continue; - if (is_array($v)) { - throw new OAuthException('Arrays not supported in headers'); - } - $out .= ($first) ? ' ' : ','; - $out .= OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($k) . - '="' . - OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($v) . - '"'; - $first = false; - } - return $out; - } - - public function __toString() { - return $this->to_url(); - } - - - public function sign_request($signature_method, $consumer, $token) { - $this->set_parameter( - "oauth_signature_method", - $signature_method->get_name(), - false - ); - $signature = $this->build_signature($signature_method, $consumer, $token); - $this->set_parameter("oauth_signature", $signature, false); - } - - public function build_signature($signature_method, $consumer, $token) { - $signature = $signature_method->build_signature($this, $consumer, $token); - return $signature; - } - - /** - * util function: current timestamp - */ - private static function generate_timestamp() { - return time(); - } - - /** - * util function: current nonce - */ - private static function generate_nonce() { - $mt = microtime(); - $rand = mt_rand(); - - return md5($mt . $rand); // md5s look nicer than numbers - } +class OAuthRequest +{ + private $parameters; + private $http_method; + private $http_url; + // for debug purposes + public $base_string; + public static $version = '1.0'; + public static $POST_INPUT = 'php://input'; + + function __construct($http_method, $http_url, $parameters = NULL) + { + @$parameters or $parameters = array(); + $parameters = array_merge(OAuthUtil::parse_parameters(parse_url($http_url, PHP_URL_QUERY)), $parameters); + $this->parameters = $parameters; + $this->http_method = $http_method; + $this->http_url = $http_url; + } + + + /** + * attempt to build up a request from what was passed to the server + * + * @param string|null $http_method + * @param string|null $http_url + * @param string|null $parameters + * @return OAuthRequest + */ + public static function from_request($http_method = NULL, $http_url = NULL, $parameters = NULL) + { + $scheme = (!isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) || $_SERVER['HTTPS'] != "on") + ? 'http' + : 'https'; + @$http_url or $http_url = $scheme . + '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . + ':' . + $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] . + $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; + @$http_method or $http_method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']; + + // We weren't handed any parameters, so let's find the ones relevant to + // this request. + // If you run XML-RPC or similar you should use this to provide your own + // parsed parameter-list + if (!$parameters) { + // Find request headers + $request_headers = OAuthUtil::get_headers(); + + // Parse the query-string to find GET parameters + $parameters = OAuthUtil::parse_parameters($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']); + + // It's a POST request of the proper content-type, so parse POST + // parameters and add those overriding any duplicates from GET + if ( + $http_method == "POST" + && @strstr( + $request_headers["Content-Type"], + "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" + ) + ) { + $post_data = OAuthUtil::parse_parameters( + file_get_contents(self::$POST_INPUT) + ); + $parameters = array_merge($parameters, $post_data); + } + + // We have a Authorization-header with OAuth data. Parse the header + // and add those overriding any duplicates from GET or POST + if (@substr($request_headers['Authorization'], 0, 6) == "OAuth ") { + $header_parameters = OAuthUtil::split_header( + $request_headers['Authorization'] + ); + $parameters = array_merge($parameters, $header_parameters); + } + } + // fix for friendica redirect system + + $http_url = substr($http_url, 0, strpos($http_url, $parameters['pagename']) + strlen($parameters['pagename'])); + unset($parameters['pagename']); + + return new OAuthRequest($http_method, $http_url, $parameters); + } + + /** + * pretty much a helper function to set up the request + * + * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer + * @param OAuthToken $token + * @param string $http_method + * @param string $http_url + * @param array|null $parameters + * @return OAuthRequest + */ + public static function from_consumer_and_token(OAuthConsumer $consumer, $http_method, $http_url, array $parameters = null, OAuthToken $token = null) + { + @$parameters or $parameters = array(); + $defaults = array( + "oauth_version" => OAuthRequest::$version, + "oauth_nonce" => OAuthRequest::generate_nonce(), + "oauth_timestamp" => OAuthRequest::generate_timestamp(), + "oauth_consumer_key" => $consumer->key + ); + if ($token) + $defaults['oauth_token'] = $token->key; + + $parameters = array_merge($defaults, $parameters); + + return new OAuthRequest($http_method, $http_url, $parameters); + } + + public function set_parameter($name, $value, $allow_duplicates = true) + { + if ($allow_duplicates && isset($this->parameters[$name])) { + // We have already added parameter(s) with this name, so add to the list + if (is_scalar($this->parameters[$name])) { + // This is the first duplicate, so transform scalar (string) + // into an array so we can add the duplicates + $this->parameters[$name] = array($this->parameters[$name]); + } + + $this->parameters[$name][] = $value; + } else { + $this->parameters[$name] = $value; + } + } + + public function get_parameter($name) + { + return isset($this->parameters[$name]) ? $this->parameters[$name] : null; + } + + public function get_parameters() + { + return $this->parameters; + } + + public function unset_parameter($name) + { + unset($this->parameters[$name]); + } + + /** + * The request parameters, sorted and concatenated into a normalized string. + * + * @return string + */ + public function get_signable_parameters() + { + // Grab all parameters + $params = $this->parameters; + + // Remove oauth_signature if present + // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 ("The oauth_signature parameter MUST be excluded.") + if (isset($params['oauth_signature'])) { + unset($params['oauth_signature']); + } + + return OAuthUtil::build_http_query($params); + } + + /** + * Returns the base string of this request + * + * The base string defined as the method, the url + * and the parameters (normalized), each urlencoded + * and the concated with &. + */ + public function get_signature_base_string() + { + $parts = array( + $this->get_normalized_http_method(), + $this->get_normalized_http_url(), + $this->get_signable_parameters() + ); + + $parts = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($parts); + + return implode('&', $parts); + } + + /** + * just uppercases the http method + */ + public function get_normalized_http_method() + { + return strtoupper($this->http_method); + } + + /** + * parses the url and rebuilds it to be + * scheme://host/path + */ + public function get_normalized_http_url() + { + $parts = parse_url($this->http_url); + + $port = @$parts['port']; + $scheme = $parts['scheme']; + $host = $parts['host']; + $path = @$parts['path']; + + $port or $port = ($scheme == 'https') ? '443' : '80'; + + if (($scheme == 'https' && $port != '443') + || ($scheme == 'http' && $port != '80') + ) { + $host = "$host:$port"; + } + return "$scheme://$host$path"; + } + + /** + * builds a url usable for a GET request + */ + public function to_url() + { + $post_data = $this->to_postdata(); + $out = $this->get_normalized_http_url(); + if ($post_data) { + $out .= '?' . $post_data; + } + return $out; + } + + /** + * builds the data one would send in a POST request + * + * @param bool $raw + * @return array|string + */ + public function to_postdata(bool $raw = false) + { + if ($raw) + return $this->parameters; + else + return OAuthUtil::build_http_query($this->parameters); + } + + /** + * builds the Authorization: header + * + * @param string|null $realm + * @return string + * @throws OAuthException + */ + public function to_header($realm = null) + { + $first = true; + if ($realm) { + $out = 'Authorization: OAuth realm="' . OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($realm) . '"'; + $first = false; + } else + $out = 'Authorization: OAuth'; + + foreach ($this->parameters as $k => $v) { + if (substr($k, 0, 5) != "oauth") continue; + if (is_array($v)) { + throw new OAuthException('Arrays not supported in headers'); + } + $out .= ($first) ? ' ' : ','; + $out .= OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($k) . + '="' . + OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986($v) . + '"'; + $first = false; + } + return $out; + } + + public function __toString() + { + return $this->to_url(); + } + + + public function sign_request(OAuthSignatureMethod $signature_method, $consumer, $token) + { + $this->set_parameter( + "oauth_signature_method", + $signature_method->get_name(), + false + ); + $signature = $this->build_signature($signature_method, $consumer, $token); + $this->set_parameter("oauth_signature", $signature, false); + } + + public function build_signature(OAuthSignatureMethod $signature_method, $consumer, $token) + { + $signature = $signature_method->build_signature($this, $consumer, $token); + return $signature; + } + + /** + * util function: current timestamp + */ + private static function generate_timestamp() + { + return time(); + } + + /** + * util function: current nonce + */ + private static function generate_nonce() + { + return Friendica\Util\Strings::getRandomHex(32); + } } -class OAuthServer { - protected $timestamp_threshold = 300; // in seconds, five minutes - protected $version = '1.0'; // hi blaine - protected $signature_methods = array(); - - protected $data_store; - - function __construct($data_store) { - $this->data_store = $data_store; - } - - public function add_signature_method($signature_method) { - $this->signature_methods[$signature_method->get_name()] = - $signature_method; - } - - // high level functions - - /** - * process a request_token request - * returns the request token on success - */ - public function fetch_request_token(&$request) { - $this->get_version($request); - - $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); - - // no token required for the initial token request - $token = NULL; - - $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); - - // Rev A change - $callback = $request->get_parameter('oauth_callback'); - $new_token = $this->data_store->new_request_token($consumer, $callback); - - return $new_token; - } - - /** - * process an access_token request - * returns the access token on success - */ - public function fetch_access_token(&$request) { - $this->get_version($request); - - $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); - - // requires authorized request token - $token = $this->get_token($request, $consumer, "request"); - - $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); - - // Rev A change - $verifier = $request->get_parameter('oauth_verifier'); - $new_token = $this->data_store->new_access_token($token, $consumer, $verifier); - - return $new_token; - } - - /** - * verify an api call, checks all the parameters - */ - public function verify_request(&$request) { - $this->get_version($request); - $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); - $token = $this->get_token($request, $consumer, "access"); - $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); - return array($consumer, $token); - } - - // Internals from here - /** - * version 1 - */ - private function get_version(&$request) { - $version = $request->get_parameter("oauth_version"); - if (!$version) { - // Service Providers MUST assume the protocol version to be 1.0 if this parameter is not present. - // Chapter 7.0 ("Accessing Protected Ressources") - $version = '1.0'; - } - if ($version !== $this->version) { - throw new OAuthException("OAuth version '$version' not supported"); - } - return $version; - } - - /** - * figure out the signature with some defaults - */ - private function get_signature_method(&$request) { - $signature_method = - @$request->get_parameter("oauth_signature_method"); - - if (!$signature_method) { - // According to chapter 7 ("Accessing Protected Ressources") the signature-method - // parameter is required, and we can't just fallback to PLAINTEXT - throw new OAuthException('No signature method parameter. This parameter is required'); - } - - if (!in_array($signature_method, - array_keys($this->signature_methods))) { - throw new OAuthException( - "Signature method '$signature_method' not supported " . - "try one of the following: " . - implode(", ", array_keys($this->signature_methods)) - ); - } - return $this->signature_methods[$signature_method]; - } - - /** - * try to find the consumer for the provided request's consumer key - */ - private function get_consumer(&$request) { - $consumer_key = @$request->get_parameter("oauth_consumer_key"); - if (!$consumer_key) { - throw new OAuthException("Invalid consumer key"); - } - - $consumer = $this->data_store->lookup_consumer($consumer_key); - if (!$consumer) { - throw new OAuthException("Invalid consumer"); - } - - return $consumer; - } - - /** - * try to find the token for the provided request's token key - */ - private function get_token(&$request, $consumer, $token_type="access") { - $token_field = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_token'); - $token = $this->data_store->lookup_token( - $consumer, $token_type, $token_field - ); - if (!$token) { - throw new OAuthException("Invalid $token_type token: $token_field"); - } - return $token; - } - - /** - * all-in-one function to check the signature on a request - * should guess the signature method appropriately - */ - private function check_signature(&$request, $consumer, $token) { - // this should probably be in a different method - $timestamp = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_timestamp'); - $nonce = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_nonce'); - - $this->check_timestamp($timestamp); - $this->check_nonce($consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp); - - $signature_method = $this->get_signature_method($request); - - $signature = $request->get_parameter('oauth_signature'); - $valid_sig = $signature_method->check_signature( - $request, - $consumer, - $token, - $signature - ); - - - if (!$valid_sig) { - throw new OAuthException("Invalid signature"); - } - } - - /** - * check that the timestamp is new enough - */ - private function check_timestamp($timestamp) { - if( ! $timestamp ) - throw new OAuthException( - 'Missing timestamp parameter. The parameter is required' - ); - - // verify that timestamp is recentish - $now = time(); - if (abs($now - $timestamp) > $this->timestamp_threshold) { - throw new OAuthException( - "Expired timestamp, yours $timestamp, ours $now" - ); - } - } - - /** - * check that the nonce is not repeated - */ - private function check_nonce($consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp) { - if( ! $nonce ) - throw new OAuthException( - 'Missing nonce parameter. The parameter is required' - ); - - // verify that the nonce is uniqueish - $found = $this->data_store->lookup_nonce( - $consumer, - $token, - $nonce, - $timestamp - ); - if ($found) { - throw new OAuthException("Nonce already used: $nonce"); - } - } - +class OAuthServer +{ + protected $timestamp_threshold = 300; // in seconds, five minutes + protected $version = '1.0'; // hi blaine + /** @var OAuthSignatureMethod[] */ + protected $signature_methods = array(); + + /** @var FKOAuthDataStore */ + protected $data_store; + + function __construct(FKOAuthDataStore $data_store) + { + $this->data_store = $data_store; + } + + public function add_signature_method(OAuthSignatureMethod $signature_method) + { + $this->signature_methods[$signature_method->get_name()] = + $signature_method; + } + + // high level functions + + /** + * process a request_token request + * returns the request token on success + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @return OAuthToken|null + * @throws OAuthException + */ + public function fetch_request_token(OAuthRequest $request) + { + $this->get_version($request); + + $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); + + // no token required for the initial token request + $token = NULL; + + $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); + + // Rev A change + $callback = $request->get_parameter('oauth_callback'); + $new_token = $this->data_store->new_request_token($consumer, $callback); + + return $new_token; + } + + /** + * process an access_token request + * returns the access token on success + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @return object + * @throws OAuthException + */ + public function fetch_access_token(OAuthRequest $request) + { + $this->get_version($request); + + $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); + + // requires authorized request token + $token = $this->get_token($request, $consumer, "request"); + + $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); + + // Rev A change + $verifier = $request->get_parameter('oauth_verifier'); + $new_token = $this->data_store->new_access_token($token, $consumer, $verifier); + + return $new_token; + } + + /** + * verify an api call, checks all the parameters + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @return array + * @throws OAuthException + */ + public function verify_request(OAuthRequest $request) + { + $this->get_version($request); + $consumer = $this->get_consumer($request); + $token = $this->get_token($request, $consumer, "access"); + $this->check_signature($request, $consumer, $token); + return [$consumer, $token]; + } + + // Internals from here + + /** + * version 1 + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @return string + * @throws OAuthException + */ + private function get_version(OAuthRequest $request) + { + $version = $request->get_parameter("oauth_version"); + if (!$version) { + // Service Providers MUST assume the protocol version to be 1.0 if this parameter is not present. + // Chapter 7.0 ("Accessing Protected Ressources") + $version = '1.0'; + } + if ($version !== $this->version) { + throw new OAuthException("OAuth version '$version' not supported"); + } + return $version; + } + + /** + * figure out the signature with some defaults + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @return OAuthSignatureMethod + * @throws OAuthException + */ + private function get_signature_method(OAuthRequest $request) + { + $signature_method = + @$request->get_parameter("oauth_signature_method"); + + if (!$signature_method) { + // According to chapter 7 ("Accessing Protected Ressources") the signature-method + // parameter is required, and we can't just fallback to PLAINTEXT + throw new OAuthException('No signature method parameter. This parameter is required'); + } + + if (!in_array( + $signature_method, + array_keys($this->signature_methods) + )) { + throw new OAuthException( + "Signature method '$signature_method' not supported " . + "try one of the following: " . + implode(", ", array_keys($this->signature_methods)) + ); + } + return $this->signature_methods[$signature_method]; + } + + /** + * try to find the consumer for the provided request's consumer key + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @return OAuthConsumer + * @throws OAuthException + */ + private function get_consumer(OAuthRequest $request) + { + $consumer_key = @$request->get_parameter("oauth_consumer_key"); + if (!$consumer_key) { + throw new OAuthException("Invalid consumer key"); + } + + $consumer = $this->data_store->lookup_consumer($consumer_key); + if (!$consumer) { + throw new OAuthException("Invalid consumer"); + } + + return $consumer; + } + + /** + * try to find the token for the provided request's token key + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @param $consumer + * @param string $token_type + * @return OAuthToken|null + * @throws OAuthException + */ + private function get_token(OAuthRequest &$request, $consumer, $token_type = "access") + { + $token_field = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_token'); + $token = $this->data_store->lookup_token( + $consumer, + $token_type, + $token_field + ); + if (!$token) { + throw new OAuthException("Invalid $token_type token: $token_field"); + } + return $token; + } + + /** + * all-in-one function to check the signature on a request + * should guess the signature method appropriately + * + * @param OAuthRequest $request + * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer + * @param OAuthToken|null $token + * @throws OAuthException + */ + private function check_signature(OAuthRequest $request, OAuthConsumer $consumer, OAuthToken $token = null) + { + // this should probably be in a different method + $timestamp = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_timestamp'); + $nonce = @$request->get_parameter('oauth_nonce'); + + $this->check_timestamp($timestamp); + $this->check_nonce($consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp); + + $signature_method = $this->get_signature_method($request); + + $signature = $request->get_parameter('oauth_signature'); + $valid_sig = $signature_method->check_signature( + $request, + $consumer, + $signature, + $token + ); + + if (!$valid_sig) { + throw new OAuthException("Invalid signature"); + } + } + + /** + * check that the timestamp is new enough + * + * @param int $timestamp + * @throws OAuthException + */ + private function check_timestamp($timestamp) + { + if (!$timestamp) + throw new OAuthException( + 'Missing timestamp parameter. The parameter is required' + ); + + // verify that timestamp is recentish + $now = time(); + if (abs($now - $timestamp) > $this->timestamp_threshold) { + throw new OAuthException( + "Expired timestamp, yours $timestamp, ours $now" + ); + } + } + + /** + * check that the nonce is not repeated + * + * @param OAuthConsumer $consumer + * @param OAuthToken $token + * @param string $nonce + * @param int $timestamp + * @throws OAuthException + */ + private function check_nonce(OAuthConsumer $consumer, OAuthToken $token, $nonce, int $timestamp) + { + if (!$nonce) + throw new OAuthException( + 'Missing nonce parameter. The parameter is required' + ); + + // verify that the nonce is uniqueish + $found = $this->data_store->lookup_nonce( + $consumer, + $token, + $nonce, + $timestamp + ); + if ($found) { + throw new OAuthException("Nonce already used: $nonce"); + } + } } -class OAuthDataStore { - function lookup_consumer($consumer_key) { - // implement me - } - - function lookup_token($consumer, $token_type, $token) { - // implement me - } - - function lookup_nonce($consumer, $token, $nonce, $timestamp) { - // implement me - } - - function new_request_token($consumer, $callback = null) { - // return a new token attached to this consumer - } - - function new_access_token($token, $consumer, $verifier = null) { - // return a new access token attached to this consumer - // for the user associated with this token if the request token - // is authorized - // should also invalidate the request token - } - +class OAuthDataStore +{ + function lookup_consumer($consumer_key) + { + // implement me + } + + function lookup_token(OAuthConsumer $consumer, $token_type, $token_id) + { + // implement me + } + + function lookup_nonce(OAuthConsumer $consumer, OAuthToken $token, $nonce, int $timestamp) + { + // implement me + } + + function new_request_token(OAuthConsumer $consumer, $callback = null) + { + // return a new token attached to this consumer + } + + function new_access_token(OAuthToken $token, OAuthConsumer $consumer, $verifier = null) + { + // return a new access token attached to this consumer + // for the user associated with this token if the request token + // is authorized + // should also invalidate the request token + } } -class OAuthUtil { - public static function urlencode_rfc3986($input) { - if (is_array($input)) { - return array_map(array('OAuthUtil', 'urlencode_rfc3986'), $input); - } else if (is_scalar($input)) { - return str_replace( - '+', - ' ', - str_replace('%7E', '~', rawurlencode($input)) - ); - } else { - return ''; - } +class OAuthUtil +{ + public static function urlencode_rfc3986($input) + { + if (is_array($input)) { + return array_map(['OAuthUtil', 'urlencode_rfc3986'], $input); + } else if (is_scalar($input)) { + return str_replace( + '+', + ' ', + str_replace('%7E', '~', rawurlencode($input)) + ); + } else { + return ''; + } + } + + + // This decode function isn't taking into consideration the above + // modifications to the encoding process. However, this method doesn't + // seem to be used anywhere so leaving it as is. + public static function urldecode_rfc3986($string) + { + return urldecode($string); + } + + // Utility function for turning the Authorization: header into + // parameters, has to do some unescaping + // Can filter out any non-oauth parameters if needed (default behaviour) + public static function split_header($header, $only_allow_oauth_parameters = true) + { + $pattern = '/(([-_a-z]*)=("([^"]*)"|([^,]*)),?)/'; + $offset = 0; + $params = []; + while (preg_match($pattern, $header, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $offset) > 0) { + $match = $matches[0]; + $header_name = $matches[2][0]; + $header_content = (isset($matches[5])) ? $matches[5][0] : $matches[4][0]; + if (preg_match('/^oauth_/', $header_name) || !$only_allow_oauth_parameters) { + $params[$header_name] = OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($header_content); + } + $offset = $match[1] + strlen($match[0]); + } + + if (isset($params['realm'])) { + unset($params['realm']); + } + + return $params; + } + + // helper to try to sort out headers for people who aren't running apache + public static function get_headers() + { + if (function_exists('apache_request_headers')) { + // we need this to get the actual Authorization: header + // because apache tends to tell us it doesn't exist + $headers = apache_request_headers(); + + // sanitize the output of apache_request_headers because + // we always want the keys to be Cased-Like-This and arh() + // returns the headers in the same case as they are in the + // request + $out = []; + foreach ($headers as $key => $value) { + $key = str_replace( + " ", + "-", + ucwords(strtolower(str_replace("-", " ", $key))) + ); + $out[$key] = $value; + } + } else { + // otherwise we don't have apache and are just going to have to hope + // that $_SERVER actually contains what we need + $out = []; + if (isset($_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE'])) + $out['Content-Type'] = $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']; + if (isset($_ENV['CONTENT_TYPE'])) + $out['Content-Type'] = $_ENV['CONTENT_TYPE']; + + foreach ($_SERVER as $key => $value) { + if (substr($key, 0, 5) == "HTTP_") { + // this is chaos, basically it is just there to capitalize the first + // letter of every word that is not an initial HTTP and strip HTTP + // code from przemek + $key = str_replace( + " ", + "-", + ucwords(strtolower(str_replace("_", " ", substr($key, 5)))) + ); + $out[$key] = $value; + } + } + } + return $out; + } + + // This function takes a input like a=b&a=c&d=e and returns the parsed + // parameters like this + // array('a' => array('b','c'), 'd' => 'e') + public static function parse_parameters($input) + { + if (!isset($input) || !$input) return array(); + + $pairs = explode('&', $input); + + $parsed_parameters = []; + foreach ($pairs as $pair) { + $split = explode('=', $pair, 2); + $parameter = OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($split[0]); + $value = isset($split[1]) ? OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($split[1]) : ''; + + if (isset($parsed_parameters[$parameter])) { + // We have already recieved parameter(s) with this name, so add to the list + // of parameters with this name + + if (is_scalar($parsed_parameters[$parameter])) { + // This is the first duplicate, so transform scalar (string) into an array + // so we can add the duplicates + $parsed_parameters[$parameter] = [$parsed_parameters[$parameter]]; + } + + $parsed_parameters[$parameter][] = $value; + } else { + $parsed_parameters[$parameter] = $value; + } + } + return $parsed_parameters; + } + + public static function build_http_query($params) + { + if (!$params) return ''; + + // Urlencode both keys and values + $keys = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986(array_keys($params)); + $values = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986(array_values($params)); + $params = array_combine($keys, $values); + + // Parameters are sorted by name, using lexicographical byte value ordering. + // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 (1) + uksort($params, 'strcmp'); + + $pairs = []; + foreach ($params as $parameter => $value) { + if (is_array($value)) { + // If two or more parameters share the same name, they are sorted by their value + // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 (1) + natsort($value); + foreach ($value as $duplicate_value) { + $pairs[] = $parameter . '=' . $duplicate_value; + } + } else { + $pairs[] = $parameter . '=' . $value; + } + } + // For each parameter, the name is separated from the corresponding value by an '=' character (ASCII code 61) + // Each name-value pair is separated by an '&' character (ASCII code 38) + return implode('&', $pairs); + } } - - - // This decode function isn't taking into consideration the above - // modifications to the encoding process. However, this method doesn't - // seem to be used anywhere so leaving it as is. - public static function urldecode_rfc3986($string) { - return urldecode($string); - } - - // Utility function for turning the Authorization: header into - // parameters, has to do some unescaping - // Can filter out any non-oauth parameters if needed (default behaviour) - public static function split_header($header, $only_allow_oauth_parameters = true) { - $pattern = '/(([-_a-z]*)=("([^"]*)"|([^,]*)),?)/'; - $offset = 0; - $params = array(); - while (preg_match($pattern, $header, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $offset) > 0) { - $match = $matches[0]; - $header_name = $matches[2][0]; - $header_content = (isset($matches[5])) ? $matches[5][0] : $matches[4][0]; - if (preg_match('/^oauth_/', $header_name) || !$only_allow_oauth_parameters) { - $params[$header_name] = OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($header_content); - } - $offset = $match[1] + strlen($match[0]); - } - - if (isset($params['realm'])) { - unset($params['realm']); - } - - return $params; - } - - // helper to try to sort out headers for people who aren't running apache - public static function get_headers() { - if (function_exists('apache_request_headers')) { - // we need this to get the actual Authorization: header - // because apache tends to tell us it doesn't exist - $headers = apache_request_headers(); - - // sanitize the output of apache_request_headers because - // we always want the keys to be Cased-Like-This and arh() - // returns the headers in the same case as they are in the - // request - $out = array(); - foreach( $headers AS $key => $value ) { - $key = str_replace( - " ", - "-", - ucwords(strtolower(str_replace("-", " ", $key))) - ); - $out[$key] = $value; - } - } else { - // otherwise we don't have apache and are just going to have to hope - // that $_SERVER actually contains what we need - $out = array(); - if( isset($_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']) ) - $out['Content-Type'] = $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']; - if( isset($_ENV['CONTENT_TYPE']) ) - $out['Content-Type'] = $_ENV['CONTENT_TYPE']; - - foreach ($_SERVER as $key => $value) { - if (substr($key, 0, 5) == "HTTP_") { - // this is chaos, basically it is just there to capitalize the first - // letter of every word that is not an initial HTTP and strip HTTP - // code from przemek - $key = str_replace( - " ", - "-", - ucwords(strtolower(str_replace("_", " ", substr($key, 5)))) - ); - $out[$key] = $value; - } - } - } - return $out; - } - - // This function takes a input like a=b&a=c&d=e and returns the parsed - // parameters like this - // array('a' => array('b','c'), 'd' => 'e') - public static function parse_parameters( $input ) { - if (!isset($input) || !$input) return array(); - - $pairs = explode('&', $input); - - $parsed_parameters = array(); - foreach ($pairs as $pair) { - $split = explode('=', $pair, 2); - $parameter = OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($split[0]); - $value = isset($split[1]) ? OAuthUtil::urldecode_rfc3986($split[1]) : ''; - - if (isset($parsed_parameters[$parameter])) { - // We have already recieved parameter(s) with this name, so add to the list - // of parameters with this name - - if (is_scalar($parsed_parameters[$parameter])) { - // This is the first duplicate, so transform scalar (string) into an array - // so we can add the duplicates - $parsed_parameters[$parameter] = array($parsed_parameters[$parameter]); - } - - $parsed_parameters[$parameter][] = $value; - } else { - $parsed_parameters[$parameter] = $value; - } - } - return $parsed_parameters; - } - - public static function build_http_query($params) { - if (!$params) return ''; - - // Urlencode both keys and values - $keys = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986(array_keys($params)); - $values = OAuthUtil::urlencode_rfc3986(array_values($params)); - $params = array_combine($keys, $values); - - // Parameters are sorted by name, using lexicographical byte value ordering. - // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 (1) - uksort($params, 'strcmp'); - - $pairs = array(); - foreach ($params as $parameter => $value) { - if (is_array($value)) { - // If two or more parameters share the same name, they are sorted by their value - // Ref: Spec: 9.1.1 (1) - natsort($value); - foreach ($value as $duplicate_value) { - $pairs[] = $parameter . '=' . $duplicate_value; - } - } else { - $pairs[] = $parameter . '=' . $value; - } - } - // For each parameter, the name is separated from the corresponding value by an '=' character (ASCII code 61) - // Each name-value pair is separated by an '&' character (ASCII code 38) - return implode('&', $pairs); - } -} - -?>