// airspeed_indicator.cxx - a regular pitot-static airspeed indicator.
// Written by David Megginson, started 2002.
+// Last modified by Eric van den Berg, 09 Dec 2012
//
// This file is in the Public Domain and comes with no warranty.
#include <math.h>
+#include <simgear/constants.h>
#include <simgear/math/interpolater.hxx>
#include "airspeed_indicator.hxx"
#include <Main/fg_props.hxx>
#include <Main/util.hxx>
+#include <Environment/environment_mgr.hxx>
+#include <Environment/environment.hxx>
// A higher number means more responsive.
_mach_limit(node->getDoubleValue("mach-limit", 0.48)),
_alt_threshold(node->getDoubleValue("alt-threshold", 13200))
{
+ _environmentManager = NULL;
}
AirspeedIndicator::~AirspeedIndicator ()
_total_pressure_node = fgGetNode(_total_pressure.c_str(), true);
_static_pressure_node = fgGetNode(_static_pressure.c_str(), true);
_density_node = fgGetNode("/environment/density-slugft3", true);
-
- _sea_level_pressure_node = fgGetNode("/environment/pressure-sea-level-inhg", true);
- _oat_celsius_node = fgGetNode("/environment/temperature-degc", true);
-
_speed_node = node->getChild("indicated-speed-kt", 0, true);
_tas_node = node->getChild("true-speed-kt", 0, true);
_mach_node = node->getChild("indicated-mach", 0, true);
_airspeed_limit = node->getChild("airspeed-limit-kt", 0, true);
_pressure_alt = fgGetNode(_pressure_alt_source.c_str(), true);
}
+
+ _environmentManager = (FGEnvironmentMgr*) globals->get_subsystem("environment");
}
void
_speed_node->setDoubleValue(0.0);
}
-#ifndef FPSTOKTS
-# define FPSTOKTS 0.592484
-#endif
-
-#ifndef INHGTOPSF
-# define INHGTOPSF (2116.217/29.9212)
-#endif
-
void
AirspeedIndicator::update (double dt)
{
return;
}
- double pt = _total_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() * INHGTOPSF;
- double p = _static_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() * INHGTOPSF;
- double r = _density_node->getDoubleValue();
- double q = ( pt - p ); // dynamic pressure
+ double pt = _total_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() ;
+ double p = _static_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() ;
+ double qc = ( pt - p ) * SG_INHG_TO_PA ; // Impact pressure in Pa, _not_ to be confused with dynamic pressure!!!
- // Now, reverse the equation (normalize dynamic pressure to
+ // Now, reverse the equation (normalize impact pressure to
// avoid "nan" results from sqrt)
- if ( q < 0 ) { q = 0.0; }
- double v_fps = sqrt((2 * q) / r);
+ qc = std::max( qc , 0.0 );
+ // Calibrated airspeed (using compressible aerodynamics) based on impact pressure qc in m/s
+ // Using calibrated airspeed as indicated airspeed, neglecting any airspeed indicator errors.
+ double v_cal = sqrt( 7 * SG_p0_Pa/SG_rho0_kg_p_m3 * ( pow( 1 + qc/SG_p0_Pa , 1/3.5 ) -1 ) );
// Publish the indicated airspeed
double last_speed_kt = _speed_node->getDoubleValue();
- double current_speed_kt = v_fps * FPSTOKTS;
+ double current_speed_kt = v_cal * SG_MPS_TO_KT;
double filtered_speed = fgGetLowPass(last_speed_kt,
current_speed_kt,
dt * RESPONSIVENESS);
_speed_node->setDoubleValue(filtered_speed);
- computeMach(filtered_speed);
+ computeMach();
if (!_has_overspeed) {
return;
}
void
-AirspeedIndicator::computeMach(double ias)
+AirspeedIndicator::computeMach()
{
-
- // derived from http://williams.best.vwh.net/avform.htm#Mach
- // names here are picked to be consistent with those formulae!
-
- double oatK = _oat_celsius_node->getDoubleValue() + 273.15; // OAT in Kelvin
- double CS = 38.967854 * sqrt(oatK); // speed-of-sound in knots at altitude
- double CS_0 = 661.4786; // speed-of-sound in knots at sea-level
- double P_0 = _sea_level_pressure_node->getDoubleValue();
- double P = _static_pressure_node->getDoubleValue();
+ if (!_environmentManager) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ FGEnvironment env(_environmentManager->getEnvironment());
+
+ double oatK = env.get_temperature_degc() + SG_T0_K - 15.0 ; // OAT in Kelvin
+ oatK = std::max( oatK , 0.001 ); // should never happen, but just in case someone flies into space...
+ double c = sqrt(SG_gamma * SG_R_m2_p_s2_p_K * oatK); // speed-of-sound in m/s at aircraft position
+ double pt = _total_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() * SG_INHG_TO_PA; // total pressure in Pa
+ double p = _static_pressure_node->getDoubleValue() * SG_INHG_TO_PA; // static pressure in Pa
+ p = std::max( p , 0.001 ); // should never happen, but just in case someone flies into space...
+ double rho = _density_node->getDoubleValue() * SG_SLUGFT3_TO_KGPM3; // air density in kg/m3
+ rho = std::max( rho , 0.001 ); // should never happen, but just in case someone flies into space...
- double DP = P_0 * (pow(1 + 0.2*pow(ias/CS_0, 2), 3.5) - 1);
- double mach = pow(5 * ( pow(DP/P + 1, 2.0/7.0) -1) , 0.5);
+ // true airspeed in m/s
+ pt = std::max( pt , p );
+ double V_true = sqrt( 7 * p/rho * (pow( 1 + (pt-p)/p , 1/3.5 ) -1 ) );
+ // Mach number; _see notes in systems/pitot.cxx_
+ double mach = V_true / c;
// publish Mach and TAS
_mach_node->setDoubleValue(mach);
- _tas_node->setDoubleValue(CS * mach);
+ _tas_node->setDoubleValue(V_true * SG_MPS_TO_KT );
}
// end of airspeed_indicator.cxx
// airspeed_indicator.hxx - a regular VSI tied to the static port.
// Written by David Megginson, started 2002.
//
+// Last modified by Eric van den Berg, 24 Nov 2012
// This file is in the Public Domain and comes with no warranty.
#include <simgear/props/props.hxx>
#include <simgear/structure/subsystem_mgr.hxx>
+// forward decls
+class FGEnvironmentMgr;
+
/**
* Model an airspeed indicator tied to the pitot and static ports.
*
* Output properties:
*
* /instrumentation/"name"/indicated-speed-kt
+ * /instrumentation/"name"/true-speed-kt
+ * /instrumentation/"name"/indicated-mach
*/
class AirspeedIndicator : public SGSubsystem
{
virtual void update (double dt);
private:
- void computeMach(double ias);
+ void computeMach();
std::string _name;
unsigned int _num;
SGPropertyNode_ptr _pressure_alt;
SGPropertyNode_ptr _mach_node;
SGPropertyNode_ptr _tas_node;
- SGPropertyNode_ptr _sea_level_pressure_node;
- SGPropertyNode_ptr _oat_celsius_node;
+
+ FGEnvironmentMgr* _environmentManager;
};
#endif // __INSTRUMENTS_AIRSPEED_INDICATOR_HXX
// pitot.cxx - the pitot air system.
// Written by David Megginson, started 2002.
//
+// Last modified by Eric van den Berg, 24 Nov 2012
// This file is in the Public Domain and comes with no warranty.
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
SGPropertyNode *node = fgGetNode(branch.c_str(), _num, true );
_serviceable_node = node->getChild("serviceable", 0, true);
_pressure_node = fgGetNode("/environment/pressure-inhg", true);
- _density_node = fgGetNode("/environment/density-slugft3", true);
- _velocity_node = fgGetNode("/velocities/airspeed-kt", true);
- _slip_angle = fgGetNode("/orientation/side-slip-rad", true);
+ _mach_node = fgGetNode("/velocities/mach", true);
_total_pressure_node = node->getChild("total-pressure-inhg", 0, true);
+ _measured_total_pressure_node = node->getChild("measured-total-pressure-inhg", 0, true);
}
void
{
}
-#ifndef INHGTOPSF
-# define INHGTOPSF (2116.217/29.9212)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef PSFTOINHG
-# define PSFTOINHG (1/INHGTOPSF)
-#endif
-
-
void
PitotSystem::update (double dt)
{
if (_serviceable_node->getBoolValue()) {
- // The pitot tube sees the forward
- // velocity in the body axis.
- double p = _pressure_node->getDoubleValue() * INHGTOPSF;
- double r = _density_node->getDoubleValue();
- double v = _velocity_node->getDoubleValue() * SG_KT_TO_FPS;
- v *= cos(_slip_angle->getDoubleValue());
- if (v < 0.0)
- v = 0.0;
- double q = 0.5 * r * v * v; // dynamic
- _total_pressure_node->setDoubleValue((p + q) * PSFTOINHG);
+ double p = _pressure_node->getDoubleValue();
+ double mach = _mach_node->getDoubleValue();
+ mach = std::max( mach , 0.0 );
+ double p_t = p * pow(1 + 0.2 * mach*mach, 3.5 ); // true total pressure around aircraft
+ _total_pressure_node->setDoubleValue(p_t);
+ double p_t_meas = p_t;
+ if (mach > 1) {
+ p_t_meas = p * pow( 1.2 * mach*mach, 3.5 ) * pow( 2.8/2.4*mach*mach - 0.4 / 2.4 , -2.5 ); // measured total pressure by pitot tube (Rayleigh formula, at Mach>1, normal shockwave in front of pitot tube)
+ }
+ _measured_total_pressure_node->setDoubleValue(p_t_meas);
}
}
// pitot.hxx - the pitot air system.
// Written by David Megginson, started 2002.
//
+// Last modified by Eric van den Berg, 24 Nov 2012
// This file is in the Public Domain and comes with no warranty.
* Input properties:
*
* /systems/"name"/serviceable
- * /environment/pressure-slugft3
- * /environment/density-slugft3
- * /velocities/airspeed-kt
+ * /environment/pressure-inhg
+ * /velocities/mach
*
* Output properties:
*
* /systems/"name"/total-pressure-inhg
+ * /systems/"name"/measured-total-pressure-inhg
*/
class PitotSystem : public SGSubsystem
{
int _num;
SGPropertyNode_ptr _serviceable_node;
SGPropertyNode_ptr _pressure_node;
- SGPropertyNode_ptr _density_node;
- SGPropertyNode_ptr _velocity_node;
- SGPropertyNode_ptr _slip_angle;
+ SGPropertyNode_ptr _mach_node;
SGPropertyNode_ptr _total_pressure_node;
+ SGPropertyNode_ptr _measured_total_pressure_node;
};
#endif // __SYSTEMS_PITOT_HXX
projects / flightgear.git / commitdiff