From: Mikael Nordfeldth <mmn@hethane.se>
Date: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 20:44:12 +0000 (+0200)
Subject: phpseclib updated, some new features that we won't use
X-Git-Url: https://git.mxchange.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=28ca5d90d97831dee5ff193234db72a4b93b16c5;p=quix0rs-gnu-social.git

phpseclib updated, some new features that we won't use
---

diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/AES.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/AES.php
index 81fa2feab6..8521eb5e5c 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/AES.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/AES.php
@@ -1,28 +1,31 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of AES.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available/possible, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
- * If {@link Crypt_AES::setKeyLength() setKeyLength()} isn't called, it'll be calculated from
- * {@link Crypt_AES::setKey() setKey()}.  ie. if the key is 128-bits, the key length will be 128-bits.  If it's 136-bits
- * it'll be null-padded to 192-bits and 192 bits will be the key length until {@link Crypt_AES::setKey() setKey()}
+ * NOTE: Since AES.php is (for compatibility and phpseclib-historical reasons) virtually
+ * just a wrapper to Rijndael.php you may consider using Rijndael.php instead of
+ * to save one include_once().
+ *
+ * If {@link self::setKeyLength() setKeyLength()} isn't called, it'll be calculated from
+ * {@link self::setKey() setKey()}.  ie. if the key is 128-bits, the key length will be 128-bits.  If it's 136-bits
+ * it'll be null-padded to 192-bits and 192 bits will be the key length until {@link self::setKey() setKey()}
  * is called, again, at which point, it'll be recalculated.
  *
- * Since Crypt_AES extends Crypt_Rijndael, some functions are available to be called that, in the context of AES, don't
- * make a whole lot of sense.  {@link Crypt_AES::setBlockLength() setBlockLength()}, for instance.  Calling that function,
+ * Since \phpseclib\Crypt\AES extends \phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael, some functions are available to be called that, in the context of AES, don't
+ * make a whole lot of sense.  {@link self::setBlockLength() setBlockLength()}, for instance.  Calling that function,
  * however possible, won't do anything (AES has a fixed block length whereas Rijndael has a variable one).
  *
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/AES.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $aes = new Crypt_AES();
+ *    $aes = new \phpseclib\Crypt\AES();
  *
  *    $aes->setKey('abcdefghijklmnop');
  *
@@ -36,153 +39,85 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_AES
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVIII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
- */
-
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Rijndael
- */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Rijndael')) {
-    require_once('Rijndael.php');
-}
-
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_AES::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_AES::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
- *
- * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR', CRYPT_MODE_CTR);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB', CRYPT_MODE_ECB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC', CRYPT_MODE_CBC);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_CFB', CRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   AES
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2008 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
-define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_OFB', CRYPT_MODE_OFB);
-/**#@-*/
 
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_AES::Crypt_AES()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_INTERNAL', CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-/**
- * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT', CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of AES.
  *
+ * @package AES
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 0.1.0
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_AES
  */
-class Crypt_AES extends Crypt_Rijndael {
+class AES extends Rijndael
+{
     /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
+     * Dummy function
+     *
+     * Since \phpseclib\Crypt\AES extends \phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael, this function is, technically, available, but it doesn't do anything.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
-     * @access private
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael::setBlockLength()
+     * @access public
+     * @param int $length
+     * @throws \BadMethodCallException anytime it's called
      */
-    var $const_namespace = 'AES';
+    function setBlockLength($length)
+    {
+        throw new \BadMethodCallException('The block length cannot be set for AES.');
+    }
 
     /**
-     * Default Constructor.
-     *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
-     *
-     * $mode could be:
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR
+     * Sets the key length
      *
-     * - CRYPT_AES_MODE_CFB
+     * Valid key lengths are 128, 192, and 256.  Set the link to bool(false) to disable a fixed key length
      *
-     * - CRYPT_AES_MODE_OFB
-     *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC will be used.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::Crypt_Rijndael()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael:setKeyLength()
      * @access public
+     * @param int $length
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length isn't supported
      */
-    function Crypt_AES($mode = CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC)
+    function setKeyLength($length)
     {
-        parent::Crypt_Rijndael($mode);
+        switch ($length) {
+            case 128:
+            case 192:
+            case 256:
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \LengthException('Key of size ' . $length . ' not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 128, 192 or 256 supported');
+        }
+        parent::setKeyLength($length);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Dummy function
+     * Sets the key.
      *
-     * Since Crypt_AES extends Crypt_Rijndael, this function is, technically, available, but it doesn't do anything.
+     * Rijndael supports five different key lengths, AES only supports three.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::setBlockLength()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael:setKey()
+     * @see setKeyLength()
      * @access public
-     * @param Integer $length
+     * @param string $key
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length isn't supported
      */
-    function setBlockLength($length)
+    function setKey($key)
     {
-        return;
+        switch (strlen($key)) {
+            case 16:
+            case 24:
+            case 32:
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \LengthException('Key of size ' . strlen($key) . ' not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 16, 24 or 32 supported');
+        }
+
+        parent::setKey($key);
     }
 }
-
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Base.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Base.php
index 7c650ca729..e3cc7b87bb 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Base.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Base.php
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
- * Base Class for all Crypt_* cipher classes
+ * Base Class for all \phpseclib\Crypt\* cipher classes
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Internally for phpseclib developers:
  *  If you plan to add a new cipher class, please note following rules:
  *
- *  - The new Crypt_* cipher class should extend Crypt_Base
+ *  - The new \phpseclib\Crypt\* cipher class should extend \phpseclib\Crypt\Base
  *
  *  - Following methods are then required to be overridden/overloaded:
  *
@@ -21,112 +20,106 @@
  *
  *  - All other methods are optional to be overridden/overloaded
  *
- *  - Look at the source code of the current ciphers how they extend Crypt_Base
+ *  - Look at the source code of the current ciphers how they extend \phpseclib\Crypt\Base
  *    and take one of them as a start up for the new cipher class.
  *
  *  - Please read all the other comments/notes/hints here also for each class var/method
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_Base
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @author     Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @version    1.0.1
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   Base
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @author    Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
- *
- * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_CTR', -1);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_ECB', 1);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_CBC', 2);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_CFB', 3);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Output Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_OFB', 4);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using streaming mode.
- *
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_STREAM', 5);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
- */
-/**
- * Base value for the internal implementation $engine switch
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
-/**
- * Base value for the mcrypt implementation $engine switch
- */
-define('CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT', 2);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
- * Base Class for all Crypt_* cipher classes
+ * Base Class for all \phpseclib\Crypt\* cipher classes
  *
+ * @package Base
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @author  Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
- * @version 1.0.0
- * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_Base
  */
-class Crypt_Base {
+abstract class Base
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::encrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::decrypt()
+     */
+    /**
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
+     *
+     * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
+     *
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
+     */
+    const MODE_CTR = -1;
+    /**
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
+     *
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
+     */
+    const MODE_ECB = 1;
+    /**
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
+     *
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
+     */
+    const MODE_CBC = 2;
+    /**
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
+     *
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
+     */
+    const MODE_CFB = 3;
+    /**
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using the Output Feedback mode.
+     *
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
+     */
+    const MODE_OFB = 4;
+    /**
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using streaming mode.
+     */
+    const MODE_STREAM = 5;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * Whirlpool available flag
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_hashInlineCryptFunction()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static $WHIRLPOOL_AVAILABLE;
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     */
+    /**
+     * Base value for the internal implementation $engine switch
+     */
+    const ENGINE_INTERNAL = 1;
+    /**
+     * Base value for the mcrypt implementation $engine switch
+     */
+    const ENGINE_MCRYPT = 2;
+    /**
+     * Base value for the mcrypt implementation $engine switch
+     */
+    const ENGINE_OPENSSL = 3;
+    /**#@-*/
+
     /**
      * The Encryption Mode
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $mode;
@@ -134,7 +127,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Block Length of the block cipher
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $block_size = 16;
@@ -142,27 +135,27 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $key = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+    var $key = false;
 
     /**
      * The Initialization Vector
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setIV()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setIV()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $iv;
+    var $iv = false;
 
     /**
      * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::enableContinuousBuffer()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_clearBuffers()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::_clearBuffers()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $encryptIV;
@@ -170,9 +163,9 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::enableContinuousBuffer()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_clearBuffers()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::_clearBuffers()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $decryptIV;
@@ -180,8 +173,8 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Continuous Buffer status
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::enableContinuousBuffer()
-     * @var Boolean
+     * @see self::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
     var $continuousBuffer = false;
@@ -189,9 +182,9 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Encryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_clearBuffers()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::_clearBuffers()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $enbuffer;
@@ -199,9 +192,9 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Decryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_clearBuffers()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @see self::_clearBuffers()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $debuffer;
@@ -212,8 +205,8 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
      * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @var Resource
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @var resource
      * @access private
      */
     var $enmcrypt;
@@ -224,8 +217,8 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
      * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @var Resource
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @var resource
      * @access private
      */
     var $demcrypt;
@@ -233,9 +226,9 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Does the enmcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Twofish::setKey()
-     * @see Crypt_Twofish::setIV()
-     * @var Boolean
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish::setIV()
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
     var $enchanged = true;
@@ -243,9 +236,9 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Does the demcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Twofish::setKey()
-     * @see Crypt_Twofish::setIV()
-     * @var Boolean
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish::setIV()
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
     var $dechanged = true;
@@ -261,10 +254,10 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * use a separate ECB-mode mcrypt resource.
      *
      * @link http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/cfb-demo.phps
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupMcrypt()
-     * @var Resource
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @see self::_setupMcrypt()
+     * @var resource
      * @access private
      */
     var $ecb;
@@ -273,20 +266,20 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * Optimizing value while CFB-encrypting
      *
      * Only relevant if $continuousBuffer enabled
-     * and $engine == CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT
+     * and $engine == self::ENGINE_MCRYPT
      *
      * It's faster to re-init $enmcrypt if
      * $buffer bytes > $cfb_init_len than
      * using the $ecb resource furthermore.
      *
-     * This value depends of the choosen cipher
+     * This value depends of the chosen cipher
      * and the time it would be needed for it's
      * initialization [by mcrypt_generic_init()]
      * which, typically, depends on the complexity
      * on its internaly Key-expanding algorithm.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $cfb_init_len = 600;
@@ -294,10 +287,10 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Does internal cipher state need to be (re)initialized?
      *
-     * @see setKey()
-     * @see setIV()
-     * @see disableContinuousBuffer()
-     * @var Boolean
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @see self::setIV()
+     * @see self::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
     var $changed = true;
@@ -305,8 +298,8 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Padding status
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::enablePadding()
-     * @var Boolean
+     * @see self::enablePadding()
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
     var $padding = true;
@@ -314,8 +307,8 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Is the mode one that is paddable?
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @var Boolean
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
     var $paddable = false;
@@ -325,86 +318,83 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * which will be determined automatically on __construct()
      *
      * Currently available $engines are:
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT   (fast, php-extension: mcrypt, extension_loaded('mcrypt') required)
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL (slower, pure php-engine, no php-extension required)
-     *
-     * In the pipeline... maybe. But currently not available:
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_OPENSSL  (very fast, php-extension: openssl, extension_loaded('openssl') required)
-     *
-     * If possible, CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT will be used for each cipher.
-     * Otherwise CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @var Integer
+     * - self::ENGINE_OPENSSL  (very fast, php-extension: openssl, extension_loaded('openssl') required)
+     * - self::ENGINE_MCRYPT   (fast, php-extension: mcrypt, extension_loaded('mcrypt') required)
+     * - self::ENGINE_INTERNAL (slower, pure php-engine, no php-extension required)
+     *
+     * @see self::_setEngine()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $engine;
 
+    /**
+     * Holds the preferred crypt engine
+     *
+     * @see self::_setEngine()
+     * @see self::setPreferredEngine()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $preferredEngine;
+
     /**
      * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * Only used if $engine == CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT
+     * Only used if $engine == self::ENGINE_MCRYPT
      *
      * @link http://www.php.net/mcrypt_module_open
      * @link http://www.php.net/mcrypt_list_algorithms
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupMcrypt()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::_setupMcrypt()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $cipher_name_mcrypt;
 
     /**
-     * The default password key_size used by setPassword()
+     * The openssl specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var Integer
+     * Only used if $engine == self::ENGINE_OPENSSL
+     *
+     * @link http://www.php.net/openssl-get-cipher-methods
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $password_key_size = 32;
+    var $cipher_name_openssl;
 
     /**
-     * The default salt used by setPassword()
+     * The openssl specific name of the cipher in ECB mode
+     *
+     * If OpenSSL does not support the mode we're trying to use (CTR)
+     * it can still be emulated with ECB mode.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var String
+     * @link http://www.php.net/openssl-get-cipher-methods
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $password_default_salt = 'phpseclib/salt';
+    var $cipher_name_openssl_ecb;
 
     /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
-     *
-     * ie: AES.php is using CRYPT_AES_MODE_* for its constants
-     *     so $const_namespace is AES
-     *
-     *     DES.php is using CRYPT_DES_MODE_* for its constants
-     *     so $const_namespace is DES... and so on
-     *
-     * All CRYPT_<$const_namespace>_MODE_* are aliases of
-     * the generic CRYPT_MODE_* constants, so both could be used
-     * for each cipher.
-     *
-     * Example:
-     * $aes = new Crypt_AES(CRYPT_AES_MODE_CFB); // $aes will operate in cfb mode
-     * $aes = new Crypt_AES(CRYPT_MODE_CFB);     // identical
+     * The default salt used by setPassword()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setPassword()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $const_namespace;
+    var $password_default_salt = 'phpseclib/salt';
 
     /**
      * The name of the performance-optimized callback function
      *
      * Used by encrypt() / decrypt()
-     * only if $engine == CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL
+     * only if $engine == self::ENGINE_INTERNAL
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::$use_inline_crypt
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @see self::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see self::$use_inline_crypt
      * @var Callback
      * @access private
      */
@@ -413,84 +403,89 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Holds whether performance-optimized $inline_crypt() can/should be used.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::inline_crypt
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @see self::inline_crypt
      * @var mixed
      * @access private
      */
     var $use_inline_crypt;
 
     /**
-     * Default Constructor.
+     * If OpenSSL can be used in ECB but not in CTR we can emulate CTR
      *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
+     * @see self::_openssl_ctr_process()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $openssl_emulate_ctr = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Determines what options are passed to openssl_encrypt/decrypt
      *
-     * $mode could be:
+     * @see self::isValidEngine()
+     * @var mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $openssl_options;
+
+    /**
+     * Don't truncate / null pad key
+     *
+     * @see self::_clearBuffers()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $skip_key_adjustment = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Has the key length explicitly been set or should it be derived from the key, itself?
      *
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_ECB
+     * @see self::setKeyLength()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $explicit_key_length = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_CBC
+     * $mode could be:
      *
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_CTR
+     * - self::MODE_ECB
      *
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_CFB
+     * - self::MODE_CBC
      *
-     * - CRYPT_MODE_OFB
+     * - self::MODE_CTR
      *
-     * (or the alias constants of the choosen cipher, for example for AES: CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB or CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC ...)
+     * - self::MODE_CFB
      *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     * - self::MODE_OFB
      *
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @param int $mode
      * @access public
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid / unsupported mode is provided
      */
-    function Crypt_Base($mode = CRYPT_MODE_CBC)
+    function __construct($mode)
     {
-        $const_crypt_mode = 'CRYPT_' . $this->const_namespace . '_MODE';
-
-        // Determining the availibility of mcrypt support for the cipher
-        if (!defined($const_crypt_mode)) {
-            switch (true) {
-                case extension_loaded('mcrypt') && in_array($this->cipher_name_mcrypt, mcrypt_list_algorithms()):
-                    define($const_crypt_mode, CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    define($const_crypt_mode, CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Determining which internal $engine should be used.
-        // The fastes possible first.
-        switch (true) {
-            case empty($this->cipher_name_mcrypt): // The cipher module has no mcrypt-engine support at all so we force CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL
-                $this->engine = CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL;
-                break;
-            case constant($const_crypt_mode) == CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT:
-                $this->engine = CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT;
-                break;
-            default:
-                $this->engine = CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL;
-        }
-
         // $mode dependent settings
         switch ($mode) {
-            case CRYPT_MODE_ECB:
+            case self::MODE_ECB:
+            case self::MODE_CBC:
                 $this->paddable = true;
-                $this->mode = $mode;
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CTR:
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CFB:
-            case CRYPT_MODE_OFB:
-            case CRYPT_MODE_STREAM:
-                $this->mode = $mode;
+            case self::MODE_CTR:
+            case self::MODE_CFB:
+            case self::MODE_OFB:
+            case self::MODE_STREAM:
+                $this->paddable = false;
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CBC:
             default:
-                $this->paddable = true;
-                $this->mode = CRYPT_MODE_CBC;
+                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('No valid mode has been specified');
         }
 
+        $this->mode = $mode;
+
         // Determining whether inline crypting can be used by the cipher
         if ($this->use_inline_crypt !== false && function_exists('create_function')) {
             $this->use_inline_crypt = true;
@@ -498,26 +493,85 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the initialization vector. (optional)
+     * Sets the initialization vector.
      *
-     * SetIV is not required when CRYPT_MODE_ECB (or ie for AES: CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB) is being used.  If not explictly set, it'll be assumed
-     * to be all zero's.
-     *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
+     * setIV() is not required when self::MODE_ECB (or ie for AES: \phpseclib\Crypt\AES::MODE_ECB) is being used.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param String $iv
+     * @param string $iv
+     * @throws \LengthException if the IV length isn't equal to the block size
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an IV is provided when one shouldn't be
+     * @internal Can be overwritten by a sub class, but does not have to be
      */
     function setIV($iv)
     {
-        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_MODE_ECB) {
-            return;
+        if ($this->mode == self::MODE_ECB) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('This mode does not require an IV.');
+        }
+
+        if ($this->mode == self::MODE_STREAM && $this->usesIV()) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('This algorithm does not use an IV.');
+        }
+
+        if (strlen($iv) != $this->block_size) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Received initialization vector of size ' . strlen($iv) . ', but size ' . $this->block_size . ' is required');
         }
 
         $this->iv = $iv;
         $this->changed = true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns whether or not the algorithm uses an IV
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function usesIV()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current key length in bits
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return int
+     */
+    function getKeyLength()
+    {
+        return $this->key_length << 3;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current block length in bits
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return int
+     */
+    function getBlockLength()
+    {
+        return $this->block_size << 3;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key length.
+     *
+     * Keys with explicitly set lengths need to be treated accordingly
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param int $length
+     */
+    function setKeyLength($length)
+    {
+        $this->explicit_key_length = $length >> 3;
+
+        if (is_string($this->key) && strlen($this->key) != $this->explicit_key_length) {
+            $this->key = false;
+            throw new \LengthException('Key has already been set and is not ' .$this->explicit_key_length . ' bytes long');
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the key.
      *
@@ -528,39 +582,45 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *
      * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be all null bytes.
      *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
      * @access public
-     * @param String $key
+     * @param string $key
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function setKey($key)
     {
+        if ($this->explicit_key_length !== false && strlen($key) != $this->explicit_key_length) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Key length has already been set to ' . $this->explicit_key_length . ' bytes and this key is ' . strlen($key) . ' bytes');
+        }
+
         $this->key = $key;
+        $this->key_length = strlen($key);
         $this->changed = true;
+        $this->_setEngine();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the password.
      *
      * Depending on what $method is set to, setPassword()'s (optional) parameters are as follows:
-     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2 pbkdf2}:
+     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2 pbkdf2} or pbkdf1:
      *         $hash, $salt, $count, $dkLen
      *
      *         Where $hash (default = sha1) currently supports the following hashes: see: Crypt/Hash.php
      *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
      * @see Crypt/Hash.php
-     * @param String $password
-     * @param optional String $method
+     * @param string $password
+     * @param string $method
+     * @throws \LengthException if pbkdf1 is being used and the derived key length exceeds the hash length
+     * @return bool
      * @access public
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function setPassword($password, $method = 'pbkdf2')
     {
         $key = '';
 
         switch ($method) {
-            default: // 'pbkdf2'
+            default: // 'pbkdf2' or 'pbkdf1'
                 $func_args = func_get_args();
 
                 // Hash function
@@ -574,19 +634,37 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                 $count = isset($func_args[4]) ? $func_args[4] : 1000;
 
                 // Keylength
-                $dkLen = isset($func_args[5]) ? $func_args[5] : $this->password_key_size;
+                if (isset($func_args[5])) {
+                    $dkLen = $func_args[5];
+                } else {
+                    $key_length = $this->explicit_key_length !== false ? $this->explicit_key_length : $this->key_length;
+                    $dkLen = $method == 'pbkdf1' ? 2 * $key_length : $key_length;
+                }
 
-                // Determining if php[>=5.5.0]'s hash_pbkdf2() function avail- and useable
                 switch (true) {
+                    case $method == 'pbkdf1':
+                        $hashObj = new Hash();
+                        $hashObj->setHash($hash);
+                        if ($dkLen > $hashObj->getLength()) {
+                            throw new \LengthException('Derived key length cannot be longer than the hash length');
+                        }
+                        $t = $password . $salt;
+                        for ($i = 0; $i < $count; ++$i) {
+                            $t = $hashObj->hash($t);
+                        }
+                        $key = substr($t, 0, $dkLen);
+
+                        $this->setKey(substr($key, 0, $dkLen >> 1));
+                        $this->setIV(substr($key, $dkLen >> 1));
+
+                        return true;
+                    // Determining if php[>=5.5.0]'s hash_pbkdf2() function avail- and useable
                     case !function_exists('hash_pbkdf2'):
                     case !function_exists('hash_algos'):
                     case !in_array($hash, hash_algos()):
-                        if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
-                            require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
-                        }
                         $i = 1;
                         while (strlen($key) < $dkLen) {
-                            $hmac = new Crypt_Hash();
+                            $hmac = new Hash();
                             $hmac->setHash($hash);
                             $hmac->setKey($password);
                             $f = $u = $hmac->hash($salt . pack('N', $i++));
@@ -604,6 +682,8 @@ class Crypt_Base {
         }
 
         $this->setKey($key);
+
+        return true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -620,29 +700,107 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * strlen($plaintext) will still need to be a multiple of the block size, however, arbitrary values can be added to make it that
      * length.
      *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $plaintext
-     * @return String $cipertext
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @return string $ciphertext
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function encrypt($plaintext)
     {
-        if ($this->engine == CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT) {
+        if ($this->paddable) {
+            $plaintext = $this->_pad($plaintext);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->engine === self::ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
+            if ($this->changed) {
+                $this->_clearBuffers();
+                $this->changed = false;
+            }
+            switch ($this->mode) {
+                case self::MODE_STREAM:
+                    return openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options);
+                case self::MODE_ECB:
+                    $result = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options);
+                    return !defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA') ? substr($result, 0, -$this->block_size) : $result;
+                case self::MODE_CBC:
+                    $result = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options, $this->encryptIV);
+                    if (!defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA')) {
+                        $result = substr($result, 0, -$this->block_size);
+                    }
+                    if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                        $this->encryptIV = substr($result, -$this->block_size);
+                    }
+                    return $result;
+                case self::MODE_CTR:
+                    return $this->_openssl_ctr_process($plaintext, $this->encryptIV, $this->enbuffer);
+                case self::MODE_CFB:
+                    // cfb loosely routines inspired by openssl's:
+                    // {@link http://cvs.openssl.org/fileview?f=openssl/crypto/modes/cfb128.c&v=1.3.2.2.2.1}
+                    $ciphertext = '';
+                    if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                        $iv = &$this->encryptIV;
+                        $pos = &$this->enbuffer['pos'];
+                    } else {
+                        $iv = $this->encryptIV;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    }
+                    $len = strlen($plaintext);
+                    $i = 0;
+                    if ($pos) {
+                        $orig_pos = $pos;
+                        $max = $this->block_size - $pos;
+                        if ($len >= $max) {
+                            $i = $max;
+                            $len-= $max;
+                            $pos = 0;
+                        } else {
+                            $i = $len;
+                            $pos+= $len;
+                            $len = 0;
+                        }
+                        // ie. $i = min($max, $len), $len-= $i, $pos+= $i, $pos%= $blocksize
+                        $ciphertext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $plaintext;
+                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, $ciphertext, $orig_pos, $i);
+                        $plaintext = substr($plaintext, $i);
+                    }
+
+                    $overflow = $len % $this->block_size;
+
+                    if ($overflow) {
+                        $ciphertext.= openssl_encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, -$overflow) . str_repeat("\0", $this->block_size), $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options, $iv);
+                        $iv = $this->_string_pop($ciphertext, $this->block_size);
+
+                        $size = $len - $overflow;
+                        $block = $iv ^ substr($plaintext, -$overflow);
+                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, $block, 0, $overflow);
+                        $ciphertext.= $block;
+                        $pos = $overflow;
+                    } elseif ($len) {
+                        $ciphertext = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options, $iv);
+                        $iv = substr($ciphertext, -$this->block_size);
+                    }
+
+                    return $ciphertext;
+                case self::MODE_OFB:
+                    return $this->_openssl_ofb_process($plaintext, $this->encryptIV, $this->enbuffer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($this->engine === self::ENGINE_MCRYPT) {
             if ($this->changed) {
                 $this->_setupMcrypt();
                 $this->changed = false;
             }
             if ($this->enchanged) {
-                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->encryptIV);
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->_getIV($this->encryptIV));
                 $this->enchanged = false;
             }
 
             // re: {@link http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/cfb-demo.phps}
             // using mcrypt's default handing of CFB the above would output two different things.  using phpseclib's
             // rewritten CFB implementation the above outputs the same thing twice.
-            if ($this->mode == CRYPT_MODE_CFB && $this->continuousBuffer) {
+            if ($this->mode == self::MODE_CFB && $this->continuousBuffer) {
                 $block_size = $this->block_size;
                 $iv = &$this->encryptIV;
                 $pos = &$this->enbuffer['pos'];
@@ -695,14 +853,10 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                 return $ciphertext;
             }
 
-            if ($this->paddable) {
-                $plaintext = $this->_pad($plaintext);
-            }
-
             $ciphertext = mcrypt_generic($this->enmcrypt, $plaintext);
 
             if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
-                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->encryptIV);
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->_getIV($this->encryptIV));
             }
 
             return $ciphertext;
@@ -716,20 +870,17 @@ class Crypt_Base {
             $inline = $this->inline_crypt;
             return $inline('encrypt', $this, $plaintext);
         }
-        if ($this->paddable) {
-            $plaintext = $this->_pad($plaintext);
-        }
 
         $buffer = &$this->enbuffer;
         $block_size = $this->block_size;
         $ciphertext = '';
         switch ($this->mode) {
-            case CRYPT_MODE_ECB:
+            case self::MODE_ECB:
                 for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
                     $ciphertext.= $this->_encryptBlock(substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size));
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CBC:
+            case self::MODE_CBC:
                 $xor = $this->encryptIV;
                 for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
                     $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
@@ -741,32 +892,34 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     $this->encryptIV = $xor;
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CTR:
+            case self::MODE_CTR:
                 $xor = $this->encryptIV;
-                if (strlen($buffer['encrypted'])) {
+                if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
                     for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
                         $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
-                        if (strlen($block) > strlen($buffer['encrypted'])) {
-                            $buffer['encrypted'].= $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generateXor($xor, $block_size));
+                        if (strlen($block) > strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+                            $buffer['ciphertext'].= $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
                         }
-                        $key = $this->_stringShift($buffer['encrypted'], $block_size);
+                        $this->_increment_str($xor);
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['ciphertext'], $block_size);
                         $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
                     }
                 } else {
                     for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
                         $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
-                        $key = $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generateXor($xor, $block_size));
+                        $key = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
+                        $this->_increment_str($xor);
                         $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
                     }
                 }
                 if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
                     $this->encryptIV = $xor;
                     if ($start = strlen($plaintext) % $block_size) {
-                        $buffer['encrypted'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['encrypted'];
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['ciphertext'];
                     }
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CFB:
+            case self::MODE_CFB:
                 // cfb loosely routines inspired by openssl's:
                 // {@link http://cvs.openssl.org/fileview?f=openssl/crypto/modes/cfb128.c&v=1.3.2.2.2.1}
                 if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
@@ -808,7 +961,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     $pos = $len;
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_OFB:
+            case self::MODE_OFB:
                 $xor = $this->encryptIV;
                 if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
                     for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
@@ -817,7 +970,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                             $xor = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
                             $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
                         }
-                        $key = $this->_stringShift($buffer['xor'], $block_size);
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], $block_size);
                         $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -830,11 +983,11 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                 if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
                     $this->encryptIV = $xor;
                     if ($start = strlen($plaintext) % $block_size) {
-                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                        $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
                     }
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_STREAM:
+            case self::MODE_STREAM:
                 $ciphertext = $this->_encryptBlock($plaintext);
                 break;
         }
@@ -848,27 +1001,114 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * If strlen($ciphertext) is not a multiple of the block size, null bytes will be added to the end of the string until
      * it is.
      *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $ciphertext
-     * @return String $plaintext
+     * @param string $ciphertext
+     * @return string $plaintext
+     * @throws \LengthException if we're inside a block cipher and the ciphertext length is not a multiple of the block size
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function decrypt($ciphertext)
     {
-        if ($this->engine == CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT) {
+        if ($this->paddable && strlen($ciphertext) % $this->block_size) {
+            throw new \LengthException('The ciphertext length (' . strlen($ciphertext) . ') needs to be a multiple of the block size (' . $this->block_size . ')');
+        }
+
+        if ($this->engine === self::ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
+            if ($this->changed) {
+                $this->_clearBuffers();
+                $this->changed = false;
+            }
+            switch ($this->mode) {
+                case self::MODE_STREAM:
+                    $plaintext = openssl_decrypt($ciphertext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options);
+                    break;
+                case self::MODE_ECB:
+                    if (!defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA')) {
+                        $ciphertext.= openssl_encrypt('', $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb, $this->key, true);
+                    }
+                    $plaintext = openssl_decrypt($ciphertext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options);
+                    break;
+                case self::MODE_CBC:
+                    if (!defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA')) {
+                        $padding = str_repeat(chr($this->block_size), $this->block_size) ^ substr($ciphertext, -$this->block_size);
+                        $ciphertext.= substr(openssl_encrypt($padding, $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb, $this->key, true), 0, $this->block_size);
+                        $offset = 2 * $this->block_size;
+                    } else {
+                        $offset = $this->block_size;
+                    }
+                    $plaintext = openssl_decrypt($ciphertext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options, $this->decryptIV);
+                    if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                        $this->decryptIV = substr($ciphertext, -$offset, $this->block_size);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case self::MODE_CTR:
+                    $plaintext = $this->_openssl_ctr_process($ciphertext, $this->decryptIV, $this->debuffer);
+                    break;
+                case self::MODE_CFB:
+                    // cfb loosely routines inspired by openssl's:
+                    // {@link http://cvs.openssl.org/fileview?f=openssl/crypto/modes/cfb128.c&v=1.3.2.2.2.1}
+                    $plaintext = '';
+                    if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                        $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
+                        $pos = &$this->buffer['pos'];
+                    } else {
+                        $iv = $this->decryptIV;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    }
+                    $len = strlen($ciphertext);
+                    $i = 0;
+                    if ($pos) {
+                        $orig_pos = $pos;
+                        $max = $this->block_size - $pos;
+                        if ($len >= $max) {
+                            $i = $max;
+                            $len-= $max;
+                            $pos = 0;
+                        } else {
+                            $i = $len;
+                            $pos+= $len;
+                            $len = 0;
+                        }
+                        // ie. $i = min($max, $len), $len-= $i, $pos+= $i, $pos%= $this->blocksize
+                        $plaintext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $ciphertext;
+                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, 0, $i), $orig_pos, $i);
+                        $ciphertext = substr($ciphertext, $i);
+                    }
+                    $overflow = $len % $this->block_size;
+                    if ($overflow) {
+                        $plaintext.= openssl_decrypt(substr($ciphertext, 0, -$overflow), $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options, $iv);
+                        if ($len - $overflow) {
+                            $iv = substr($ciphertext, -$overflow - $this->block_size, -$overflow);
+                        }
+                        $iv = openssl_encrypt(str_repeat("\0", $this->block_size), $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options, $iv);
+                        $plaintext.= $iv ^ substr($ciphertext, -$overflow);
+                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, -$overflow), 0, $overflow);
+                        $pos = $overflow;
+                    } elseif ($len) {
+                        $plaintext.= openssl_decrypt($ciphertext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $this->key, $this->openssl_options, $iv);
+                        $iv = substr($ciphertext, -$this->block_size);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case self::MODE_OFB:
+                    $plaintext = $this->_openssl_ofb_process($ciphertext, $this->decryptIV, $this->debuffer);
+            }
+
+            return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->engine === self::ENGINE_MCRYPT) {
             $block_size = $this->block_size;
             if ($this->changed) {
                 $this->_setupMcrypt();
                 $this->changed = false;
             }
             if ($this->dechanged) {
-                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->decryptIV);
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->_getIV($this->decryptIV));
                 $this->dechanged = false;
             }
 
-            if ($this->mode == CRYPT_MODE_CFB && $this->continuousBuffer) {
+            if ($this->mode == self::MODE_CFB && $this->continuousBuffer) {
                 $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
                 $pos = &$this->debuffer['pos'];
                 $len = strlen($ciphertext);
@@ -906,16 +1146,10 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                 return $plaintext;
             }
 
-            if ($this->paddable) {
-                // we pad with chr(0) since that's what mcrypt_generic does.  to quote from {@link http://www.php.net/function.mcrypt-generic}:
-                // "The data is padded with "\0" to make sure the length of the data is n * blocksize."
-                $ciphertext = str_pad($ciphertext, strlen($ciphertext) + ($block_size - strlen($ciphertext) % $block_size) % $block_size, chr(0));
-            }
-
             $plaintext = mdecrypt_generic($this->demcrypt, $ciphertext);
 
             if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
-                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->decryptIV);
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->_getIV($this->decryptIV));
             }
 
             return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
@@ -931,20 +1165,16 @@ class Crypt_Base {
         }
 
         $block_size = $this->block_size;
-        if ($this->paddable) {
-            // we pad with chr(0) since that's what mcrypt_generic does [...]
-            $ciphertext = str_pad($ciphertext, strlen($ciphertext) + ($block_size - strlen($ciphertext) % $block_size) % $block_size, chr(0));
-        }
 
         $buffer = &$this->debuffer;
         $plaintext = '';
         switch ($this->mode) {
-            case CRYPT_MODE_ECB:
+            case self::MODE_ECB:
                 for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
                     $plaintext.= $this->_decryptBlock(substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size));
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CBC:
+            case self::MODE_CBC:
                 $xor = $this->decryptIV;
                 for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
                     $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size);
@@ -955,21 +1185,23 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     $this->decryptIV = $xor;
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CTR:
+            case self::MODE_CTR:
                 $xor = $this->decryptIV;
                 if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
                     for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
                         $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size);
                         if (strlen($block) > strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
-                            $buffer['ciphertext'].= $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generateXor($xor, $block_size));
+                            $buffer['ciphertext'].= $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
+                            $this->_increment_str($xor);
                         }
-                        $key = $this->_stringShift($buffer['ciphertext'], $block_size);
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['ciphertext'], $block_size);
                         $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
                     }
                 } else {
                     for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
                         $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size);
-                        $key = $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generateXor($xor, $block_size));
+                        $key = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
+                        $this->_increment_str($xor);
                         $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
                     }
                 }
@@ -980,7 +1212,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     }
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CFB:
+            case self::MODE_CFB:
                 if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
                     $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
                     $pos = &$buffer['pos'];
@@ -1021,7 +1253,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     $pos = $len;
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_OFB:
+            case self::MODE_OFB:
                 $xor = $this->decryptIV;
                 if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
                     for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
@@ -1030,7 +1262,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                             $xor = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
                             $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
                         }
-                        $key = $this->_stringShift($buffer['xor'], $block_size);
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], $block_size);
                         $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -1043,17 +1275,205 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                 if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
                     $this->decryptIV = $xor;
                     if ($start = strlen($ciphertext) % $block_size) {
-                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                        $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
                     }
                 }
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_STREAM:
+            case self::MODE_STREAM:
                 $plaintext = $this->_decryptBlock($ciphertext);
                 break;
         }
         return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the IV
+     *
+     * mcrypt requires an IV even if ECB is used
+     *
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @param string $iv
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _getIV($iv)
+    {
+        return $this->mode == self::MODE_ECB ? str_repeat("\0", $this->block_size) : $iv;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * OpenSSL CTR Processor
+     *
+     * PHP's OpenSSL bindings do not operate in continuous mode so we'll wrap around it. Since the keystream
+     * for CTR is the same for both encrypting and decrypting this function is re-used by both Base::encrypt()
+     * and Base::decrypt(). Also, OpenSSL doesn't implement CTR for all of it's symmetric ciphers so this
+     * function will emulate CTR with ECB when necesary.
+     *
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @param string $encryptIV
+     * @param array $buffer
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _openssl_ctr_process($plaintext, &$encryptIV, &$buffer)
+    {
+        $ciphertext = '';
+
+        $block_size = $this->block_size;
+        $key = $this->key;
+
+        if ($this->openssl_emulate_ctr) {
+            $xor = $encryptIV;
+            if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                    $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
+                    if (strlen($block) > strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+                        $result = openssl_encrypt($xor, $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb, $key, $this->openssl_options);
+                        $result = !defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA') ? substr($result, 0, -$this->block_size) : $result;
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'].= $result;
+                    }
+                    $this->_increment_str($xor);
+                    $otp = $this->_string_shift($buffer['ciphertext'], $block_size);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block ^ $otp;
+                }
+            } else {
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                    $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
+                    $otp = openssl_encrypt($xor, $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb, $key, $this->openssl_options);
+                    $otp = !defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA') ? substr($otp, 0, -$this->block_size) : $otp;
+                    $this->_increment_str($xor);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block ^ $otp;
+                }
+            }
+            if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $encryptIV = $xor;
+                if ($start = strlen($plaintext) % $block_size) {
+                    $buffer['ciphertext'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['ciphertext'];
+                }
+            }
+
+            return $ciphertext;
+        }
+
+        if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+            $ciphertext = $plaintext ^ $this->_string_shift($buffer['ciphertext'], strlen($plaintext));
+            $plaintext = substr($plaintext, strlen($ciphertext));
+
+            if (!strlen($plaintext)) {
+                return $ciphertext;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $overflow = strlen($plaintext) % $block_size;
+        if ($overflow) {
+            $plaintext2 = $this->_string_pop($plaintext, $overflow); // ie. trim $plaintext to a multiple of $block_size and put rest of $plaintext in $plaintext2
+            $encrypted = openssl_encrypt($plaintext . str_repeat("\0", $block_size), $this->cipher_name_openssl, $key, $this->openssl_options, $encryptIV);
+            $temp = $this->_string_pop($encrypted, $block_size);
+            $ciphertext.= $encrypted . ($plaintext2 ^ $temp);
+            if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $buffer['ciphertext'] = substr($temp, $overflow);
+                $encryptIV = $temp;
+            }
+        } elseif (!strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+            $ciphertext.= openssl_encrypt($plaintext . str_repeat("\0", $block_size), $this->cipher_name_openssl, $key, $this->openssl_options, $encryptIV);
+            $temp = $this->_string_pop($ciphertext, $block_size);
+            if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $encryptIV = $temp;
+            }
+        }
+        if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+            if (!defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA')) {
+                $encryptIV.= openssl_encrypt('', $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb, $key, $this->openssl_options);
+            }
+            $encryptIV = openssl_decrypt($encryptIV, $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb, $key, $this->openssl_options);
+            if ($overflow) {
+                $this->_increment_str($encryptIV);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $ciphertext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * OpenSSL OFB Processor
+     *
+     * PHP's OpenSSL bindings do not operate in continuous mode so we'll wrap around it. Since the keystream
+     * for OFB is the same for both encrypting and decrypting this function is re-used by both Base::encrypt()
+     * and Base::decrypt().
+     *
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @param string $encryptIV
+     * @param array $buffer
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _openssl_ofb_process($plaintext, &$encryptIV, &$buffer)
+    {
+        if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+            $ciphertext = $plaintext ^ $buffer['xor'];
+            $buffer['xor'] = substr($buffer['xor'], strlen($ciphertext));
+            $plaintext = substr($plaintext, strlen($ciphertext));
+        } else {
+            $ciphertext = '';
+        }
+
+        $block_size = $this->block_size;
+
+        $len = strlen($plaintext);
+        $key = $this->key;
+        $overflow = $len % $block_size;
+
+        if (strlen($plaintext)) {
+            if ($overflow) {
+                $ciphertext.= openssl_encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, -$overflow) . str_repeat("\0", $block_size), $this->cipher_name_openssl, $key, $this->openssl_options, $encryptIV);
+                $xor = $this->_string_pop($ciphertext, $block_size);
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $encryptIV = $xor;
+                }
+                $ciphertext.= $this->_string_shift($xor, $overflow) ^ substr($plaintext, -$overflow);
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $buffer['xor'] = $xor;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $ciphertext = openssl_encrypt($plaintext, $this->cipher_name_openssl, $key, $this->openssl_options, $encryptIV);
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $encryptIV = substr($ciphertext, -$block_size) ^ substr($plaintext, -$block_size);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $ciphertext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * phpseclib <-> OpenSSL Mode Mapper
+     *
+     * May need to be overwritten by classes extending this one in some cases
+     *
+     * @return int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _openssl_translate_mode()
+    {
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case self::MODE_ECB:
+                return 'ecb';
+            case self::MODE_CBC:
+                return 'cbc';
+            case self::MODE_CTR:
+                return 'ctr';
+            case self::MODE_CFB:
+                return 'cfb';
+            case self::MODE_OFB:
+                return 'ofb';
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Pad "packets".
      *
@@ -1066,7 +1486,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * away characters that shouldn't be stripped away. (SSH knows how many bytes are added because the length is
      * transmitted separately)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::disablePadding()
+     * @see self::disablePadding()
      * @access public
      */
     function enablePadding()
@@ -1077,7 +1497,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Do not pad packets.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::enablePadding()
+     * @see self::enablePadding()
      * @access public
      */
     function disablePadding()
@@ -1114,23 +1534,24 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * outputs.  The reason is due to the fact that the initialization vector's change after every encryption /
      * decryption round when the continuous buffer is enabled.  When it's disabled, they remain constant.
      *
-     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the Crypt_*() object changes after each
+     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the \phpseclib\Crypt\*() object changes after each
      * encryption / decryption round, whereas otherwise, it'd remain constant.  For this reason, it's recommended that
      * continuous buffers not be used.  They do offer better security and are, in fact, sometimes required (SSH uses them),
      * however, they are also less intuitive and more likely to cause you problems.
      *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::disableContinuousBuffer()
      * @access public
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function enableContinuousBuffer()
     {
-        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_MODE_ECB) {
+        if ($this->mode == self::MODE_ECB) {
             return;
         }
 
         $this->continuousBuffer = true;
+
+        $this->_setEngine();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1138,14 +1559,13 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *
      * The default behavior.
      *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::enableContinuousBuffer()
      * @access public
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function disableContinuousBuffer()
     {
-        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_MODE_ECB) {
+        if ($this->mode == self::MODE_ECB) {
             return;
         }
         if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
@@ -1154,56 +1574,191 @@ class Crypt_Base {
 
         $this->continuousBuffer = false;
         $this->changed = true;
+
+        $this->_setEngine();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Encrypts a block
+     * Test for engine validity
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @param int $engine
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function isValidEngine($engine)
+    {
+        switch ($engine) {
+            case self::ENGINE_OPENSSL:
+                if ($this->mode == self::MODE_STREAM && $this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $this->openssl_emulate_ctr = false;
+                $result = $this->cipher_name_openssl &&
+                          extension_loaded('openssl') &&
+                          // PHP 5.3.0 - 5.3.2 did not let you set IV's
+                          version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.3', '>=');
+                if (!$result) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // prior to PHP 5.4.0 OPENSSL_RAW_DATA and OPENSSL_ZERO_PADDING were not defined. instead of expecting an integer
+                // $options openssl_encrypt expected a boolean $raw_data.
+                if (!defined('OPENSSL_RAW_DATA')) {
+                    $this->openssl_options = true;
+                } else {
+                    $this->openssl_options = OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_ZERO_PADDING;
+                }
+
+                $methods = openssl_get_cipher_methods();
+                if (in_array($this->cipher_name_openssl, $methods)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                // not all of openssl's symmetric cipher's support ctr. for those
+                // that don't we'll emulate it
+                switch ($this->mode) {
+                    case self::MODE_CTR:
+                        if (in_array($this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb, $methods)) {
+                            $this->openssl_emulate_ctr = true;
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                }
+                return false;
+            case self::ENGINE_MCRYPT:
+                return $this->cipher_name_mcrypt &&
+                       extension_loaded('mcrypt') &&
+                       in_array($this->cipher_name_mcrypt, mcrypt_list_algorithms());
+            case self::ENGINE_INTERNAL:
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the preferred crypt engine
      *
-     * Note: Must extend by the child Crypt_* class
+     * Currently, $engine could be:
      *
-     * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::ENGINE_OPENSSL  [very fast]
+     *
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::ENGINE_MCRYPT   [fast]
+     *
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::ENGINE_INTERNAL [slow]
+     *
+     * If the preferred crypt engine is not available the fastest available one will be used
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @param int $engine
+     * @access public
      */
-    function _encryptBlock($in)
+    function setPreferredEngine($engine)
     {
-        user_error((version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.0.0', '>=')  ? __METHOD__ : __FUNCTION__)  . '() must extend by class ' . get_class($this), E_USER_ERROR);
+        switch ($engine) {
+            //case self::ENGINE_OPENSSL;
+            case self::ENGINE_MCRYPT:
+            case self::ENGINE_INTERNAL:
+                $this->preferredEngine = $engine;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->preferredEngine = self::ENGINE_OPENSSL;
+        }
+
+        $this->_setEngine();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Decrypts a block
+     * Returns the engine currently being utilized
      *
-     * Note: Must extend by the child Crypt_* class
+     * @see self::_setEngine()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getEngine()
+    {
+        return $this->engine;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the engine as appropriate
      *
+     * @see self::__construct()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
      */
-    function _decryptBlock($in)
+    function _setEngine()
     {
-        user_error((version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.0.0', '>=')  ? __METHOD__ : __FUNCTION__)  . '() must extend by class ' . get_class($this), E_USER_ERROR);
+        $this->engine = null;
+
+        $candidateEngines = array(
+            $this->preferredEngine,
+            self::ENGINE_OPENSSL,
+            self::ENGINE_MCRYPT
+        );
+        foreach ($candidateEngines as $engine) {
+            if ($this->isValidEngine($engine)) {
+                $this->engine = $engine;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!$this->engine) {
+            $this->engine = self::ENGINE_INTERNAL;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->engine != self::ENGINE_MCRYPT && $this->enmcrypt) {
+            // Closing the current mcrypt resource(s). _mcryptSetup() will, if needed,
+            // (re)open them with the module named in $this->cipher_name_mcrypt
+            mcrypt_module_close($this->enmcrypt);
+            mcrypt_module_close($this->demcrypt);
+            $this->enmcrypt = null;
+            $this->demcrypt = null;
+
+            if ($this->ecb) {
+                mcrypt_module_close($this->ecb);
+                $this->ecb = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->changed = true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a block
+     *
+     * Note: Must be extended by the child \phpseclib\Crypt\* class
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
+     */
+    abstract function _encryptBlock($in);
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a block
+     *
+     * Note: Must be extended by the child \phpseclib\Crypt\* class
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
+     */
+    abstract function _decryptBlock($in);
+
     /**
      * Setup the key (expansion)
      *
-     * Only used if $engine == CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL
+     * Only used if $engine == self::ENGINE_INTERNAL
      *
-     * Note: Must extend by the child Crypt_* class
+     * Note: Must extend by the child \phpseclib\Crypt\* class
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setup()
+     * @see self::_setup()
      * @access private
      */
-    function _setupKey()
-    {
-        user_error((version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.0.0', '>=')  ? __METHOD__ : __FUNCTION__)  . '() must extend by class ' . get_class($this), E_USER_ERROR);
-    }
+    abstract function _setupKey();
 
     /**
-     * Setup the CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL $engine
+     * Setup the self::ENGINE_INTERNAL $engine
      *
      * (re)init, if necessary, the internal cipher $engine and flush all $buffers
-     * Used (only) if $engine == CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL
+     * Used (only) if $engine == self::ENGINE_INTERNAL
      *
      * _setup() will be called each time if $changed === true
      * typically this happens when using one or more of following public methods:
@@ -1216,14 +1771,12 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *
      * - First run of encrypt() / decrypt() with no init-settings
      *
-     * Internally: _setup() is called always before(!) en/decryption.
-     *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
-     * @see setKey()
-     * @see setIV()
-     * @see disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @see self::setIV()
+     * @see self::disableContinuousBuffer()
      * @access private
+     * @internal _setup() is always called before en/decryption.
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function _setup()
     {
@@ -1236,10 +1789,10 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Setup the CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT $engine
+     * Setup the self::ENGINE_MCRYPT $engine
      *
      * (re)init, if necessary, the (ext)mcrypt resources and flush all $buffers
-     * Used (only) if $engine = CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT
+     * Used (only) if $engine = self::ENGINE_MCRYPT
      *
      * _setupMcrypt() will be called each time if $changed === true
      * typically this happens when using one or more of following public methods:
@@ -1252,13 +1805,11 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *
      * - First run of encrypt() / decrypt()
      *
-     *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
-     * @see setKey()
-     * @see setIV()
-     * @see disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @see self::setIV()
+     * @see self::disableContinuousBuffer()
      * @access private
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
      */
     function _setupMcrypt()
     {
@@ -1267,12 +1818,12 @@ class Crypt_Base {
 
         if (!isset($this->enmcrypt)) {
             static $mcrypt_modes = array(
-                CRYPT_MODE_CTR    => 'ctr',
-                CRYPT_MODE_ECB    => MCRYPT_MODE_ECB,
-                CRYPT_MODE_CBC    => MCRYPT_MODE_CBC,
-                CRYPT_MODE_CFB    => 'ncfb',
-                CRYPT_MODE_OFB    => MCRYPT_MODE_NOFB,
-                CRYPT_MODE_STREAM => MCRYPT_MODE_STREAM,
+                self::MODE_CTR    => 'ctr',
+                self::MODE_ECB    => MCRYPT_MODE_ECB,
+                self::MODE_CBC    => MCRYPT_MODE_CBC,
+                self::MODE_CFB    => 'ncfb',
+                self::MODE_OFB    => MCRYPT_MODE_NOFB,
+                self::MODE_STREAM => MCRYPT_MODE_STREAM,
             );
 
             $this->demcrypt = mcrypt_module_open($this->cipher_name_mcrypt, '', $mcrypt_modes[$this->mode], '');
@@ -1281,13 +1832,12 @@ class Crypt_Base {
             // we need the $ecb mcrypt resource (only) in MODE_CFB with enableContinuousBuffer()
             // to workaround mcrypt's broken ncfb implementation in buffered mode
             // see: {@link http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/cfb-demo.phps}
-            if ($this->mode == CRYPT_MODE_CFB) {
+            if ($this->mode == self::MODE_CFB) {
                 $this->ecb = mcrypt_module_open($this->cipher_name_mcrypt, '', MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, '');
             }
-
         } // else should mcrypt_generic_deinit be called?
 
-        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_MODE_CFB) {
+        if ($this->mode == self::MODE_CFB) {
             mcrypt_generic_init($this->ecb, $this->key, str_repeat("\0", $this->block_size));
         }
     }
@@ -1302,10 +1852,11 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * If padding is disabled and $text is not a multiple of the blocksize, the string will be padded regardless
      * and padding will, hence forth, be enabled.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_unpad()
-     * @param String $text
+     * @see self::_unpad()
+     * @param string $text
+     * @throws \LengthException if padding is disabled and the plaintext's length is not a multiple of the block size
      * @access private
-     * @return String
+     * @return string
      */
     function _pad($text)
     {
@@ -1315,8 +1866,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
             if ($length % $this->block_size == 0) {
                 return $text;
             } else {
-                user_error("The plaintext's length ($length) is not a multiple of the block size ({$this->block_size})");
-                $this->padding = true;
+                throw new \LengthException("The plaintext's length ($length) is not a multiple of the block size ({$this->block_size}). Try enabling padding.");
             }
         }
 
@@ -1331,10 +1881,11 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * If padding is enabled and the reported padding length is invalid the encryption key will be assumed to be wrong
      * and false will be returned.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_pad()
-     * @param String $text
+     * @see self::_pad()
+     * @param string $text
+     * @throws \LengthException if the ciphertext's length is not a multiple of the block size
      * @access private
-     * @return String
+     * @return string
      */
     function _unpad($text)
     {
@@ -1345,7 +1896,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
         $length = ord($text[strlen($text) - 1]);
 
         if (!$length || $length > $this->block_size) {
-            return false;
+            throw new \LengthException("The ciphertext has an invalid padding length ($length) compared to the block size ({$this->block_size})");
         }
 
         return substr($text, 0, -$length);
@@ -1358,18 +1909,19 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * after disableContinuousBuffer() or on cipher $engine (re)init
      * ie after setKey() or setIV()
      *
-     * Note: Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
-     *
-     * @access public
+     * @access private
+     * @internal Could, but not must, extend by the child Crypt_* class
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException when an IV is required but not defined
      */
     function _clearBuffers()
     {
-        $this->enbuffer = array('encrypted'  => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'enmcrypt_init' => true);
-        $this->debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'demcrypt_init' => true);
+        $this->enbuffer = $this->debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'enmcrypt_init' => true);
 
-        // mcrypt's handling of invalid's $iv:
-        // $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = strlen($this->iv) == $this->block_size ? $this->iv : str_repeat("\0", $this->block_size);
-        $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = str_pad(substr($this->iv, 0, $this->block_size), $this->block_size, "\0");
+        if ($this->iv === false && !in_array($this->mode, array(self::MODE_STREAM, self::MODE_ECB))) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('No IV has been defined');
+        }
+
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = $this->iv;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1377,12 +1929,12 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *
      * Inspired by array_shift
      *
-     * @param String $string
-     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
      * @access private
-     * @return String
+     * @return string
      */
-    function _stringShift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
     {
         $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
         $string = substr($string, $index);
@@ -1390,43 +1942,57 @@ class Crypt_Base {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Generate CTR XOR encryption key
+     * String Pop
      *
-     * Encrypt the output of this and XOR it against the ciphertext / plaintext to get the
-     * plaintext / ciphertext in CTR mode.
+     * Inspired by array_pop
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @param String $iv
-     * @param Integer $length
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
      * @access private
-     * @return String $xor
+     * @return string
      */
-    function _generateXor(&$iv, $length)
+    function _string_pop(&$string, $index = 1)
     {
-        $xor = '';
-        $block_size = $this->block_size;
-        $num_blocks = floor(($length + ($block_size - 1)) / $block_size);
-        for ($i = 0; $i < $num_blocks; $i++) {
-            $xor.= $iv;
-            for ($j = 4; $j <= $block_size; $j+= 4) {
-                $temp = substr($iv, -$j, 4);
-                switch ($temp) {
-                    case "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF":
-                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x00\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
-                        break;
-                    case "\x7F\xFF\xFF\xFF":
-                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x80\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
-                        break 2;
-                    default:
-                        extract(unpack('Ncount', $temp));
-                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, pack('N', $count + 1), -$j, 4);
-                        break 2;
-                }
+        $substr = substr($string, -$index);
+        $string = substr($string, 0, -$index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Increment the current string
+     *
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @param string $var
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _increment_str(&$var)
+    {
+        for ($i = 4; $i <= strlen($var); $i+= 4) {
+            $temp = substr($var, -$i, 4);
+            switch ($temp) {
+                case "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                    $var = substr_replace($var, "\x00\x00\x00\x00", -$i, 4);
+                    break;
+                case "\x7F\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                    $var = substr_replace($var, "\x80\x00\x00\x00", -$i, 4);
+                    return;
+                default:
+                    $temp = unpack('Nnum', $temp);
+                    $var = substr_replace($var, pack('N', $temp['num'] + 1), -$i, 4);
+                    return;
             }
         }
 
-        return $xor;
+        $remainder = strlen($var) % 4;
+
+        if ($remainder == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nnum', str_pad(substr($var, 0, $remainder), 4, "\0", STR_PAD_LEFT));
+        $temp = substr(pack('N', $temp['num'] + 1), -$remainder);
+        $var = substr_replace($var, $temp, 0, $remainder);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1439,14 +2005,14 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *
      *     _setupInlineCrypt() would be called only if:
      *
-     *     - $engine == CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL and
+     *     - $engine == self::ENGINE_INTERNAL and
      *
      *     - $use_inline_crypt === true
      *
      *     - each time on _setup(), after(!) _setupKey()
      *
      *
-     *     This ensures that _setupInlineCrypt() has allways a
+     *     This ensures that _setupInlineCrypt() has always a
      *     full ready2go initializated internal cipher $engine state
      *     where, for example, the keys allready expanded,
      *     keys/block_size calculated and such.
@@ -1474,7 +2040,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *       - short (as good as possible)
      *
      * Note: - _setupInlineCrypt() is using _createInlineCryptFunction() to create the full callback function code.
-     *       - In case of using inline crypting, _setupInlineCrypt() must extend by the child Crypt_* class.
+     *       - In case of using inline crypting, _setupInlineCrypt() must extend by the child \phpseclib\Crypt\* class.
      *       - The following variable names are reserved:
      *         - $_*  (all variable names prefixed with an underscore)
      *         - $self (object reference to it self. Do not use $this, but $self instead)
@@ -1482,19 +2048,18 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *       - The callback function should not use the 'return' statement, but en/decrypt'ing the content of $in only
      *
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setup()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_createInlineCryptFunction()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
+     * @see self::_setup()
+     * @see self::_createInlineCryptFunction()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
      * @access private
+     * @internal If a Crypt_* class providing inline crypting it must extend _setupInlineCrypt()
      */
     function _setupInlineCrypt()
     {
-        // If a Crypt_* class providing inline crypting it must extend _setupInlineCrypt()
-
-        // If, for any reason, an extending Crypt_Base() Crypt_* class
+        // If, for any reason, an extending \phpseclib\Crypt\Base() \phpseclib\Crypt\* class
         // not using inline crypting then it must be ensured that: $this->use_inline_crypt = false
-        // ie in the class var declaration of $use_inline_crypt in general for the Crypt_* class,
+        // ie in the class var declaration of $use_inline_crypt in general for the \phpseclib\Crypt\* class,
         // in the constructor at object instance-time
         // or, if it's runtime-specific, at runtime
 
@@ -1591,7 +2156,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *    +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
      *    </code>
      *
-     *    See also the Crypt_*::_setupInlineCrypt()'s for
+     *    See also the \phpseclib\Crypt\*::_setupInlineCrypt()'s for
      *    productive inline $cipher_code's how they works.
      *
      *    Structure of:
@@ -1605,12 +2170,12 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      *    );
      *    </code>
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @param Array $cipher_code
+     * @see self::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @param array $cipher_code
      * @access private
-     * @return String (the name of the created callback function)
+     * @return string (the name of the created callback function)
      */
     function _createInlineCryptFunction($cipher_code)
     {
@@ -1628,10 +2193,9 @@ class Crypt_Base {
         // merged with the $cipher_code algorithm
         // for encrypt- and decryption.
         switch ($this->mode) {
-            case CRYPT_MODE_ECB:
+            case self::MODE_ECB:
                 $encrypt = $init_encrypt . '
                     $_ciphertext = "";
-                    $_text = $self->_pad($_text);
                     $_plaintext_len = strlen($_text);
 
                     for ($_i = 0; $_i < $_plaintext_len; $_i+= '.$block_size.') {
@@ -1657,29 +2221,30 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     return $self->_unpad($_plaintext);
                     ';
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CTR:
+            case self::MODE_CTR:
                 $encrypt = $init_encrypt . '
                     $_ciphertext = "";
                     $_plaintext_len = strlen($_text);
                     $_xor = $self->encryptIV;
                     $_buffer = &$self->enbuffer;
-
-                    if (strlen($_buffer["encrypted"])) {
+                    if (strlen($_buffer["ciphertext"])) {
                         for ($_i = 0; $_i < $_plaintext_len; $_i+= '.$block_size.') {
                             $_block = substr($_text, $_i, '.$block_size.');
-                            if (strlen($_block) > strlen($_buffer["encrypted"])) {
-                                $in = $self->_generateXor($_xor, '.$block_size.');
+                            if (strlen($_block) > strlen($_buffer["ciphertext"])) {
+                                $in = $_xor;
                                 '.$encrypt_block.'
-                                $_buffer["encrypted"].= $in;
+                                $self->_increment_str($_xor);
+                                $_buffer["ciphertext"].= $in;
                             }
-                            $_key = $self->_stringShift($_buffer["encrypted"], '.$block_size.');
+                            $_key = $self->_string_shift($_buffer["ciphertext"], '.$block_size.');
                             $_ciphertext.= $_block ^ $_key;
                         }
                     } else {
                         for ($_i = 0; $_i < $_plaintext_len; $_i+= '.$block_size.') {
                             $_block = substr($_text, $_i, '.$block_size.');
-                            $in = $self->_generateXor($_xor, '.$block_size.');
+                            $in = $_xor;
                             '.$encrypt_block.'
+                            $self->_increment_str($_xor);
                             $_key = $in;
                             $_ciphertext.= $_block ^ $_key;
                         }
@@ -1687,7 +2252,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     if ($self->continuousBuffer) {
                         $self->encryptIV = $_xor;
                         if ($_start = $_plaintext_len % '.$block_size.') {
-                            $_buffer["encrypted"] = substr($_key, $_start) . $_buffer["encrypted"];
+                            $_buffer["ciphertext"] = substr($_key, $_start) . $_buffer["ciphertext"];
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -1704,18 +2269,20 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                         for ($_i = 0; $_i < $_ciphertext_len; $_i+= '.$block_size.') {
                             $_block = substr($_text, $_i, '.$block_size.');
                             if (strlen($_block) > strlen($_buffer["ciphertext"])) {
-                                $in = $self->_generateXor($_xor, '.$block_size.');
+                                $in = $_xor;
                                 '.$encrypt_block.'
+                                $self->_increment_str($_xor);
                                 $_buffer["ciphertext"].= $in;
                             }
-                            $_key = $self->_stringShift($_buffer["ciphertext"], '.$block_size.');
+                            $_key = $self->_string_shift($_buffer["ciphertext"], '.$block_size.');
                             $_plaintext.= $_block ^ $_key;
                         }
                     } else {
                         for ($_i = 0; $_i < $_ciphertext_len; $_i+= '.$block_size.') {
                             $_block = substr($_text, $_i, '.$block_size.');
-                            $in = $self->_generateXor($_xor, '.$block_size.');
+                            $in = $_xor;
                             '.$encrypt_block.'
+                            $self->_increment_str($_xor);
                             $_key = $in;
                             $_plaintext.= $_block ^ $_key;
                         }
@@ -1730,7 +2297,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     return $_plaintext;
                     ';
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_CFB:
+            case self::MODE_CFB:
                 $encrypt = $init_encrypt . '
                     $_ciphertext = "";
                     $_buffer = &$self->enbuffer;
@@ -1829,7 +2396,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     return $_plaintext;
                     ';
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_OFB:
+            case self::MODE_OFB:
                 $encrypt = $init_encrypt . '
                     $_ciphertext = "";
                     $_plaintext_len = strlen($_text);
@@ -1845,7 +2412,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                                 $_xor = $in;
                                 $_buffer["xor"].= $_xor;
                             }
-                            $_key = $self->_stringShift($_buffer["xor"], '.$block_size.');
+                            $_key = $self->_string_shift($_buffer["xor"], '.$block_size.');
                             $_ciphertext.= $_block ^ $_key;
                         }
                     } else {
@@ -1881,7 +2448,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                                 $_xor = $in;
                                 $_buffer["xor"].= $_xor;
                             }
-                            $_key = $self->_stringShift($_buffer["xor"], '.$block_size.');
+                            $_key = $self->_string_shift($_buffer["xor"], '.$block_size.');
                             $_plaintext.= $_block ^ $_key;
                         }
                     } else {
@@ -1902,7 +2469,7 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     return $_plaintext;
                     ';
                 break;
-            case CRYPT_MODE_STREAM:
+            case self::MODE_STREAM:
                 $encrypt = $init_encrypt . '
                     $_ciphertext = "";
                     '.$encrypt_block.'
@@ -1914,11 +2481,10 @@ class Crypt_Base {
                     return $_plaintext;
                     ';
                 break;
-            // case CRYPT_MODE_CBC:
+            // case self::MODE_CBC:
             default:
                 $encrypt = $init_encrypt . '
                     $_ciphertext = "";
-                    $_text = $self->_pad($_text);
                     $_plaintext_len = strlen($_text);
 
                     $in = $self->encryptIV;
@@ -1976,14 +2542,46 @@ class Crypt_Base {
      * for which $mode the lambda function was created.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @return &Array
+     * @return array &$functions
      */
     function &_getLambdaFunctions()
     {
         static $functions = array();
         return $functions;
     }
-}
 
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
+    /**
+     * Generates a digest from $bytes
+     *
+     * @see self::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @access private
+     * @param $bytes
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _hashInlineCryptFunction($bytes)
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$WHIRLPOOL_AVAILABLE)) {
+            self::$WHIRLPOOL_AVAILABLE = extension_loaded('hash') && in_array('whirlpool', hash_algos());
+        }
+
+        $result = '';
+        $hash = $bytes;
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case self::$WHIRLPOOL_AVAILABLE:
+                foreach (str_split($bytes, 64) as $t) {
+                    $hash = hash('whirlpool', $hash, true);
+                    $result .= $t ^ $hash;
+                }
+                return $result . hash('whirlpool', $hash, true);
+            default:
+                $len = strlen($bytes);
+                for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i+=20) {
+                    $t = substr($bytes, $i, 20);
+                    $hash = sha1($hash, true);
+                    $result .= $t ^ $hash;
+                }
+                return $result . sha1($hash, true);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Blowfish.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Blowfish.php
index c8ef67e8f7..3500df595b 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Blowfish.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Blowfish.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Blowfish.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Useful resources are as follows:
  *
@@ -15,9 +14,9 @@
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/Blowfish.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $blowfish = new Crypt_Blowfish();
+ *    $blowfish = new \phpseclib\Crypt\Blowfish();
  *
  *    $blowfish->setKey('12345678901234567890123456789012');
  *
@@ -27,139 +26,41 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_Blowfish
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @author     Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @version    1.0
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   Blowfish
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @author    Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Base
- *
- * Base cipher class
- */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Base')) {
-    require_once('Base.php');
-}
-
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_Blowfish::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_Blowfish::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
- *
- * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CTR', CRYPT_MODE_CTR);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_ECB', CRYPT_MODE_ECB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CBC', CRYPT_MODE_CBC);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CFB', CRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_OFB', CRYPT_MODE_OFB);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_Blowfish::Crypt_Blowfish()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_INTERNAL', CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-/**
- * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_MCRYPT', CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Blowfish.
  *
+ * @package Blowfish
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @author  Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
- * @version 1.0
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_Blowfish
  */
-class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
+class Blowfish extends Base
+{
     /**
      * Block Length of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::block_size
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::block_size
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $block_size = 8;
 
-    /**
-     * The default password key_size used by setPassword()
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_key_size
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var Integer
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $password_key_size = 56;
-
-    /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $const_namespace = 'BLOWFISH';
-
     /**
      * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'blowfish';
@@ -167,8 +68,8 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Optimizing value while CFB-encrypting
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cfb_init_len
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cfb_init_len
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $cfb_init_len = 500;
@@ -176,12 +77,12 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The fixed subkeys boxes ($sbox0 - $sbox3) with 256 entries each
      *
-     * S-Box 1
+     * S-Box 0
      *
      * @access private
      * @var    array
      */
-    var $sbox0 = array (
+    var $sbox0 = array(
         0xd1310ba6, 0x98dfb5ac, 0x2ffd72db, 0xd01adfb7, 0xb8e1afed, 0x6a267e96, 0xba7c9045, 0xf12c7f99,
         0x24a19947, 0xb3916cf7, 0x0801f2e2, 0x858efc16, 0x636920d8, 0x71574e69, 0xa458fea3, 0xf4933d7e,
         0x0d95748f, 0x728eb658, 0x718bcd58, 0x82154aee, 0x7b54a41d, 0xc25a59b5, 0x9c30d539, 0x2af26013,
@@ -342,7 +243,7 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * P-Array consists of 18 32-bit subkeys
      *
-     * @var array $parray
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $parray = array(
@@ -356,7 +257,7 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
      *
      * Holds the expanded key [p] and the key-depended s-boxes [sb]
      *
-     * @var array $bctx
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $bctx;
@@ -364,72 +265,86 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Holds the last used key
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $kl;
 
     /**
-     * Default Constructor.
-     *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
-     *
-     * $mode could be:
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_ECB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CBC
+     * The Key Length (in bytes)
      *
-     * - CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CTR
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CFB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_OFB
-     *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     * @internal The max value is 256 / 8 = 32, the min value is 128 / 8 = 16.  Exists in conjunction with $Nk
+     *    because the encryption / decryption / key schedule creation requires this number and not $key_length.  We could
+     *    derive this from $key_length or vice versa, but that'd mean we'd have to do multiple shift operations, so in lieu
+     *    of that, we'll just precompute it once.
+     */
+    var $key_length = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @param int $mode
      * @access public
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid / unsupported mode is provided
      */
-    function Crypt_Blowfish($mode = CRYPT_BLOWFISH_MODE_CBC)
+    function __construct($mode)
     {
-        parent::Crypt_Base($mode);
+        if ($mode == self::MODE_STREAM) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Block ciphers cannot be ran in stream mode');
+        }
+
+        parent::__construct($mode);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the key.
+     * Sets the key length.
      *
-     * Keys can be of any length.  Blowfish, itself, requires the use of a key between 32 and max. 448-bits long.
-     * If the key is less than 32-bits we NOT fill the key to 32bit but let the key as it is to be compatible
-     * with mcrypt because mcrypt act this way with blowfish key's < 32 bits.
+     * Key lengths can be between 32 and 448 bits.
      *
-     * If the key is more than 448-bits, we trim the excess bits.
+     * @access public
+     * @param int $length
+     */
+    function setKeyLength($length)
+    {
+        if ($length < 32 || $length > 448) {
+                throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bits is not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes between 32 and 448 bits are supported');
+        }
+
+        $this->key_length = $length >> 3;
+
+        parent::setKeyLength($length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test for engine validity
      *
-     * If the key is not explicitly set, or empty, it'll be assumed a 128 bits key to be all null bytes.
+     * This is mainly just a wrapper to set things up for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
      *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
+     * @param int $engine
      * @access public
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setKey()
-     * @param String $key
+     * @return bool
      */
-    function setKey($key)
+    function isValidEngine($engine)
     {
-        $keylength = strlen($key);
-
-        if (!$keylength) {
-            $key = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
-        }
-        elseif ($keylength > 56) {
-            $key = substr($key, 0, 56);
+        if ($engine == self::ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
+            if ($this->key_length != 16) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb = 'bf-ecb';
+            $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'bf-' . $this->_openssl_translate_mode();
         }
 
-        parent::setKey($key);
+        return parent::isValidEngine($engine);
     }
 
     /**
      * Setup the key (expansion)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupKey()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupKey()
@@ -486,8 +401,8 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
      * Encrypts a block
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _encryptBlock($in)
     {
@@ -503,17 +418,17 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
         $r = $in[2];
 
         for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i+= 2) {
-                $l^= $p[$i];
-                $r^= ($sb_0[$l >> 24 & 0xff]  +
-                      $sb_1[$l >> 16 & 0xff]  ^
-                      $sb_2[$l >>  8 & 0xff]) +
-                      $sb_3[$l       & 0xff];
-
-                $r^= $p[$i + 1];
-                $l^= ($sb_0[$r >> 24 & 0xff]  +
-                      $sb_1[$r >> 16 & 0xff]  ^
-                      $sb_2[$r >>  8 & 0xff]) +
-                      $sb_3[$r       & 0xff];
+            $l^= $p[$i];
+            $r^= ($sb_0[$l >> 24 & 0xff]  +
+                  $sb_1[$l >> 16 & 0xff]  ^
+                  $sb_2[$l >>  8 & 0xff]) +
+                  $sb_3[$l       & 0xff];
+
+            $r^= $p[$i + 1];
+            $l^= ($sb_0[$r >> 24 & 0xff]  +
+                  $sb_1[$r >> 16 & 0xff]  ^
+                  $sb_2[$r >>  8 & 0xff]) +
+                  $sb_3[$r       & 0xff];
         }
         return pack("N*", $r ^ $p[17], $l ^ $p[16]);
     }
@@ -522,8 +437,8 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
      * Decrypts a block
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _decryptBlock($in)
     {
@@ -550,30 +465,28 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
                   $sb_2[$r >>  8 & 0xff]) +
                   $sb_3[$r       & 0xff];
         }
-
         return pack("N*", $r ^ $p[0], $l ^ $p[1]);
     }
 
     /**
      * Setup the performance-optimized function for de/encrypt()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupInlineCrypt()
     {
-        $lambda_functions =& Crypt_Blowfish::_getLambdaFunctions();
+        $lambda_functions =& self::_getLambdaFunctions();
 
         // We create max. 10 hi-optimized code for memory reason. Means: For each $key one ultra fast inline-crypt function.
+        // (Currently, for Blowfish, one generated $lambda_function cost on php5.5@32bit ~100kb unfreeable mem and ~180kb on php5.5@64bit)
         // After that, we'll still create very fast optimized code but not the hi-ultimative code, for each $mode one.
-        $gen_hi_opt_code = (bool)( count($lambda_functions) < 10);
-
-        switch (true) {
-            case $gen_hi_opt_code:
-                $code_hash = md5(str_pad("Crypt_Blowfish, {$this->mode}, ", 32, "\0") . $this->key);
-                break;
-            default:
-                $code_hash = "Crypt_Blowfish, {$this->mode}";
+        $gen_hi_opt_code = (bool)(count($lambda_functions) < 10);
+
+        // Generation of a unique hash for our generated code
+        $code_hash = "Crypt_Blowfish, {$this->mode}";
+        if ($gen_hi_opt_code) {
+            $code_hash = str_pad($code_hash, 32) . $this->_hashInlineCryptFunction($this->key);
         }
 
         if (!isset($lambda_functions[$code_hash])) {
@@ -673,6 +586,3 @@ class Crypt_Blowfish extends Crypt_Base {
         $this->inline_crypt = $lambda_functions[$code_hash];
     }
 }
-
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
index 8b04210659..14273d2889 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of DES.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Useful resources are as follows:
  *
@@ -17,9 +16,9 @@
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/DES.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $des = new Crypt_DES();
+ *    $des = new \phpseclib\Crypt\DES();
  *
  *    $des->setKey('abcdefgh');
  *
@@ -33,170 +32,87 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_DES
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
- */
-
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Base
- *
- * Base cipher class
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   DES
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Base')) {
-    require_once('Base.php');
-}
 
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_DES::_setupKey()
- * @see Crypt_DES::_processBlock()
- */
-/**
- * Contains $keys[CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT]
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT', 0);
-/**
- * Contains $keys[CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT]
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT', 1);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
- *
- * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR', CRYPT_MODE_CTR);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB', CRYPT_MODE_ECB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC', CRYPT_MODE_CBC);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB', CRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB', CRYPT_MODE_OFB);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_DES::Crypt_DES()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_INTERNAL', CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-/**
- * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT', CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of DES.
  *
+ * @package DES
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 0.1.0
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_DES
  */
-class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
-    /**
-     * Block Length of the cipher
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::block_size
-     * @var Integer
+class DES extends Base
+{
+    /**#@+
      * @access private
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\DES::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\DES::_processBlock()
      */
-    var $block_size = 8;
+    /**
+     * Contains $keys[self::ENCRYPT]
+     */
+    const ENCRYPT = 0;
+    /**
+     * Contains $keys[self::DECRYPT]
+     */
+    const DECRYPT = 1;
+    /**#@-*/
 
     /**
-     * The Key
+     * Block Length of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::key
-     * @see setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::block_size
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
-    var $key = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+    var $block_size = 8;
 
     /**
-     * The default password key_size used by setPassword()
+     * Key Length (in bytes)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_key_size
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
-    var $password_key_size = 8;
+    var $key_length = 8;
 
     /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
+     * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $const_namespace = 'DES';
+    var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'des';
 
     /**
-     * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
+     * The OpenSSL names of the cipher / modes
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::openssl_mode_names
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'des';
+    var $openssl_mode_names = array(
+        self::MODE_ECB => 'des-ecb',
+        self::MODE_CBC => 'des-cbc',
+        self::MODE_CFB => 'des-cfb',
+        self::MODE_OFB => 'des-ofb'
+        // self::MODE_CTR is undefined for DES
+    );
 
     /**
      * Optimizing value while CFB-encrypting
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cfb_init_len
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cfb_init_len
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $cfb_init_len = 500;
@@ -204,11 +120,11 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Switch for DES/3DES encryption
      *
-     * Used only if $engine == CRYPT_DES_MODE_INTERNAL
+     * Used only if $engine == self::ENGINE_INTERNAL
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_setupKey()
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_processBlock()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::_setupKey()
+     * @see self::_processBlock()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $des_rounds = 1;
@@ -216,17 +132,17 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * max possible size of $key
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $key_size_max = 8;
+    var $key_length_max = 8;
 
     /**
      * The Key Schedule
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_setupKey()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::_setupKey()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $keys;
@@ -238,9 +154,9 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
      * with each byte containing all bits in the same state as the
      * corresponding bit in the index value.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_processBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_setupKey()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::_processBlock()
+     * @see self::_setupKey()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $shuffle = array(
@@ -379,7 +295,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
      *
      * Indexing this table with each source byte performs the initial bit permutation.
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $ipmap = array(
@@ -421,7 +337,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
      * Inverse IP mapping helper table.
      * Indexing this table with a byte value reverses the bit order.
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $invipmap = array(
@@ -465,7 +381,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
      * Each box ($sbox1-$sbox8) has been vectorized, then each value pre-permuted using the
      * P table: concatenation can then be replaced by exclusive ORs.
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox1 = array(
@@ -490,7 +406,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Pre-permuted S-box2
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox2 = array(
@@ -515,7 +431,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Pre-permuted S-box3
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox3 = array(
@@ -540,7 +456,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Pre-permuted S-box4
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox4 = array(
@@ -565,7 +481,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Pre-permuted S-box5
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox5 = array(
@@ -590,7 +506,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Pre-permuted S-box6
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox6 = array(
@@ -615,7 +531,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Pre-permuted S-box7
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox7 = array(
@@ -640,7 +556,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Pre-permuted S-box8
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $sbox8 = array(
@@ -665,52 +581,56 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
-     *
-     * $mode could be:
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @access public
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid / unsupported mode is provided
+     */
+    function __construct($mode)
+    {
+        if ($mode == self::MODE_STREAM) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Block ciphers cannot be ran in stream mode');
+        }
+
+        parent::__construct($mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test for engine validity
      *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     * This is mainly just a wrapper to set things up for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
+     * @param int $engine
      * @access public
+     * @return bool
      */
-    function Crypt_DES($mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC)
+    function isValidEngine($engine)
     {
-        parent::Crypt_Base($mode);
+        if ($this->key_length_max == 8) {
+            if ($engine == self::ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
+                $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb = 'des-ecb';
+                $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'des-' . $this->_openssl_translate_mode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return parent::isValidEngine($engine);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the key.
      *
-     * Keys can be of any length.  DES, itself, uses 64-bit keys (eg. strlen($key) == 8), however, we
-     * only use the first eight, if $key has more then eight characters in it, and pad $key with the
-     * null byte if it is less then eight characters long.
+     * Keys must be 64-bits long or 8 bytes long.
      *
      * DES also requires that every eighth bit be a parity bit, however, we'll ignore that.
      *
-     * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be all zero's.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setKey()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $key
+     * @param string $key
      */
     function setKey($key)
     {
-        // We check/cut here only up to max length of the key.
-        // Key padding to the proper length will be done in _setupKey()
-        if (strlen($key) > $this->key_size_max) {
-            $key = substr($key, 0, $this->key_size_max);
+        if (!($this instanceof TripleDES) && strlen($key) != 8) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Key of size ' . strlen($key) . ' not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of size 8 are supported');
         }
 
         // Sets the key
@@ -720,46 +640,46 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Encrypts a block
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_encryptBlock()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::encrypt()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _encryptBlock($in)
     {
-        return $this->_processBlock($in, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+        return $this->_processBlock($in, self::ENCRYPT);
     }
 
     /**
      * Decrypts a block
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_decryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_decryptBlock()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::decrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _decryptBlock($in)
     {
-        return $this->_processBlock($in, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+        return $this->_processBlock($in, self::DECRYPT);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encrypts or decrypts a 64-bit block
      *
-     * $mode should be either CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT or CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT.  See
+     * $mode should be either self::ENCRYPT or self::DECRYPT.  See
      * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Feistel.png Feistel.png} to get a general
      * idea of what this function does.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_decryptBlock()
+     * @see self::_encryptBlock()
+     * @see self::_decryptBlock()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $block
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $block
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return string
      */
     function _processBlock($block, $mode)
     {
@@ -839,7 +759,7 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Creates the key schedule
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupKey()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupKey()
@@ -1320,8 +1240,8 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
             $d = (($key['d'] >> 4) & 0x0FFFFFF0) | ($key['c'] & 0x0F);
 
             $keys[$des_round] = array(
-                CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT => array(),
-                CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT => array_fill(0, 32, 0)
+                self::ENCRYPT => array(),
+                self::DECRYPT => array_fill(0, 32, 0)
             );
             for ($i = 0, $ki = 31; $i < 16; ++$i, $ki-= 2) {
                 $c <<= $shifts[$i];
@@ -1336,35 +1256,37 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
                       $pc2mapd3[($d >>  8) & 0xFF] | $pc2mapd4[ $d        & 0xFF];
 
                 // Reorder: odd bytes/even bytes. Push the result in key schedule.
-                $keys[$des_round][CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT][       ] =
-                $keys[$des_round][CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT][$ki - 1] = ( $cp        & 0xFF000000) | (($cp <<  8) & 0x00FF0000) |
-                                                                (($dp >> 16) & 0x0000FF00) | (($dp >>  8) & 0x000000FF);
-                $keys[$des_round][CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT][       ] =
-                $keys[$des_round][CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT][$ki    ] = (($cp <<  8) & 0xFF000000) | (($cp << 16) & 0x00FF0000) |
-                                                                (($dp >>  8) & 0x0000FF00) | ( $dp        & 0x000000FF);
+                $val1 = ( $cp        & 0xFF000000) | (($cp <<  8) & 0x00FF0000) |
+                        (($dp >> 16) & 0x0000FF00) | (($dp >>  8) & 0x000000FF);
+                $val2 = (($cp <<  8) & 0xFF000000) | (($cp << 16) & 0x00FF0000) |
+                        (($dp >>  8) & 0x0000FF00) | ( $dp        & 0x000000FF);
+                $keys[$des_round][self::ENCRYPT][       ] = $val1;
+                $keys[$des_round][self::DECRYPT][$ki - 1] = $val1;
+                $keys[$des_round][self::ENCRYPT][       ] = $val2;
+                $keys[$des_round][self::DECRYPT][$ki    ] = $val2;
             }
         }
 
         switch ($this->des_rounds) {
             case 3: // 3DES keys
                 $this->keys = array(
-                    CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT => array_merge(
-                        $keys[0][CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT],
-                        $keys[1][CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT],
-                        $keys[2][CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT]
+                    self::ENCRYPT => array_merge(
+                        $keys[0][self::ENCRYPT],
+                        $keys[1][self::DECRYPT],
+                        $keys[2][self::ENCRYPT]
                     ),
-                    CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT => array_merge(
-                        $keys[2][CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT],
-                        $keys[1][CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT],
-                        $keys[0][CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT]
+                    self::DECRYPT => array_merge(
+                        $keys[2][self::DECRYPT],
+                        $keys[1][self::ENCRYPT],
+                        $keys[0][self::DECRYPT]
                     )
                 );
                 break;
             // case 1: // DES keys
             default:
                 $this->keys = array(
-                    CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT => $keys[0][CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT],
-                    CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT => $keys[0][CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT]
+                    self::ENCRYPT => $keys[0][self::ENCRYPT],
+                    self::DECRYPT => $keys[0][self::DECRYPT]
                 );
         }
     }
@@ -1372,12 +1294,12 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Setup the performance-optimized function for de/encrypt()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupInlineCrypt()
     {
-        $lambda_functions =& Crypt_DES::_getLambdaFunctions();
+        $lambda_functions =& self::_getLambdaFunctions();
 
         // Engine configuration for:
         // -  DES ($des_rounds == 1) or
@@ -1385,21 +1307,20 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
         $des_rounds = $this->des_rounds;
 
         // We create max. 10 hi-optimized code for memory reason. Means: For each $key one ultra fast inline-crypt function.
+        // (Currently, for DES, one generated $lambda_function cost on php5.5@32bit ~135kb unfreeable mem and ~230kb on php5.5@64bit)
+        // (Currently, for TripleDES, one generated $lambda_function cost on php5.5@32bit ~240kb unfreeable mem and ~340kb on php5.5@64bit)
         // After that, we'll still create very fast optimized code but not the hi-ultimative code, for each $mode one
         $gen_hi_opt_code = (bool)( count($lambda_functions) < 10 );
 
         // Generation of a uniqe hash for our generated code
-        switch (true) {
-            case $gen_hi_opt_code:
-                // For hi-optimized code, we create for each combination of
-                // $mode, $des_rounds and $this->key its own encrypt/decrypt function.
-                $code_hash = md5(str_pad("Crypt_DES, $des_rounds, {$this->mode}, ", 32, "\0") . $this->key);
-                break;
-            default:
-                // After max 10 hi-optimized functions, we create generic
-                // (still very fast.. but not ultra) functions for each $mode/$des_rounds
-                // Currently 2 * 5 generic functions will be then max. possible.
-                $code_hash = "Crypt_DES, $des_rounds, {$this->mode}";
+        $code_hash = "Crypt_DES, $des_rounds, {$this->mode}";
+        if ($gen_hi_opt_code) {
+            // For hi-optimized code, we create for each combination of
+            // $mode, $des_rounds and $this->key its own encrypt/decrypt function.
+            // After max 10 hi-optimized functions, we create generic
+            // (still very fast.. but not ultra) functions for each $mode/$des_rounds
+            // Currently 2 * 5 generic functions will be then max. possible.
+            $code_hash = str_pad($code_hash, 32) . $this->_hashInlineCryptFunction($this->key);
         }
 
         // Is there a re-usable $lambda_functions in there? If not, we have to create it.
@@ -1429,8 +1350,8 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
                     // No futher initialisation of the $keys schedule is necessary.
                     // That is the extra performance boost.
                     $k = array(
-                        CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT => $this->keys[CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT],
-                        CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT => $this->keys[CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT]
+                        self::ENCRYPT => $this->keys[self::ENCRYPT],
+                        self::DECRYPT => $this->keys[self::DECRYPT]
                     );
                     $init_encrypt = '';
                     $init_decrypt = '';
@@ -1439,22 +1360,21 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
                     // In generic optimized code mode, we have to use, as the best compromise [currently],
                     // our key schedule as $ke/$kd arrays. (with hardcoded indexes...)
                     $k = array(
-                        CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT => array(),
-                        CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT => array()
+                        self::ENCRYPT => array(),
+                        self::DECRYPT => array()
                     );
-                    for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->keys[CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT]); $i < $c; ++$i) {
-                        $k[CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT][$i] = '$ke[' . $i . ']';
-                        $k[CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT][$i] = '$kd[' . $i . ']';
+                    for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->keys[self::ENCRYPT]); $i < $c; ++$i) {
+                        $k[self::ENCRYPT][$i] = '$ke[' . $i . ']';
+                        $k[self::DECRYPT][$i] = '$kd[' . $i . ']';
                     }
-                    $init_encrypt = '$ke = $self->keys[CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT];';
-                    $init_decrypt = '$kd = $self->keys[CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT];';
+                    $init_encrypt = '$ke = $self->keys[self::ENCRYPT];';
+                    $init_decrypt = '$kd = $self->keys[self::DECRYPT];';
                     break;
             }
 
             // Creating code for en- and decryption.
             $crypt_block = array();
-            foreach (array(CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT) as $c) {
-
+            foreach (array(self::ENCRYPT, self::DECRYPT) as $c) {
                 /* Do the initial IP permutation. */
                 $crypt_block[$c] = '
                     $in = unpack("N*", $in);
@@ -1521,8 +1441,8 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
                    'init_crypt'    => $init_crypt,
                    'init_encrypt'  => $init_encrypt,
                    'init_decrypt'  => $init_decrypt,
-                   'encrypt_block' => $crypt_block[CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT],
-                   'decrypt_block' => $crypt_block[CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT]
+                   'encrypt_block' => $crypt_block[self::ENCRYPT],
+                   'decrypt_block' => $crypt_block[self::DECRYPT]
                 )
             );
         }
@@ -1531,6 +1451,3 @@ class Crypt_DES extends Crypt_Base {
         $this->inline_crypt = $lambda_functions[$code_hash];
     }
 }
-
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
index 840fcd5088..080e8cd210 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
@@ -1,27 +1,19 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
- * Pure-PHP implementations of keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMACs) and various cryptographic hashing functions.
+ * Wrapper around hash() and hash_hmac() functions supporting truncated hashes
+ * such as sha256-96.  Any hash algorithm returned by hash_algos() (and
+ * truncated versions thereof) are supported.
  *
- * Uses hash() or mhash() if available and an internal implementation, otherwise.  Currently supports the following:
- *
- * md2, md5, md5-96, sha1, sha1-96, sha256, sha384, and sha512
- *
- * If {@link Crypt_Hash::setKey() setKey()} is called, {@link Crypt_Hash::hash() hash()} will return the HMAC as opposed to
- * the hash.  If no valid algorithm is provided, sha1 will be used.
- *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
- *
- * {@internal The variable names are the same as those in 
- * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2104#section-2 RFC2104}.}}
+ * If {@link self::setKey() setKey()} is called, {@link self::hash() hash()} will
+ * return the HMAC as opposed to the hash.
  *
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/Hash.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+ *    $hash = new \phpseclib\Crypt\Hash('sha512');
  *
  *    $hash->setKey('abcdefg');
  *
@@ -29,82 +21,52 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- * 
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- * 
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_Hash
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   Hash
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @author    Andreas Fischer <bantu@phpbb.com>
+ * @copyright 2015 Andreas Fischer
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_Hash::Crypt_Hash()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
-/**
- * Toggles the mhash() implementation, which has been deprecated on PHP 5.3.0+.
- */
-define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH',    2);
-/**
- * Toggles the hash() implementation, which works on PHP 5.1.2+.
- */
-define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH',     3);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
+
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+use phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException;
 
 /**
- * Pure-PHP implementations of keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMACs) and various cryptographic hashing functions.
- *
+ * @package Hash
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 0.1.0
+ * @author  Andreas Fischer <bantu@phpbb.com>
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_Hash
  */
-class Crypt_Hash {
+class Hash
+{
     /**
-     * Byte-length of compression blocks / key (Internal HMAC)
+     * Hash Parameter
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Hash::setAlgorithm()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::setHash()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
-    var $b;
+    var $hashParam;
 
     /**
      * Byte-length of hash output (Internal HMAC)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Hash::setHash()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::setHash()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
-    var $l = false;
+    var $length;
 
     /**
      * Hash Algorithm
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Hash::setHash()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setHash()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $hash;
@@ -112,17 +74,30 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
     /**
      * Key
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Hash::setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $key = false;
 
+    /**
+     * Initial Hash
+     *
+     * Used only for sha512/*
+     *
+     * @see self::_sha512()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $initial = false;
+
     /**
      * Outer XOR (Internal HMAC)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Hash::setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * Used only for sha512/*
+     *
+     * @see self::hash()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $opad;
@@ -130,8 +105,10 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
     /**
      * Inner XOR (Internal HMAC)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Hash::setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * Used only for sha512/*
+     *
+     * @see self::hash()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $ipad;
@@ -139,26 +116,15 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
     /**
      * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * @param optional String $hash
-     * @return Crypt_Hash
+     * @param string $hash
      * @access public
      */
-    function Crypt_Hash($hash = 'sha1')
+    function __construct($hash = 'sha256')
     {
-        if ( !defined('CRYPT_HASH_MODE') ) {
-            switch (true) {
-                case extension_loaded('hash'):
-                    define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE', CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH);
-                    break;
-                case extension_loaded('mhash'):
-                    define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE', CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE', CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL);
-            }
-        }
-
         $this->setHash($hash);
+
+        $this->ipad = str_repeat(chr(0x36), 128);
+        $this->opad = str_repeat(chr(0x5C), 128);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -167,421 +133,171 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
      * Keys can be of any length.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param optional String $key
+     * @param string $key
      */
     function setKey($key = false)
     {
         $this->key = $key;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Gets the hash function.
+     *
+     * As set by the constructor or by the setHash() method.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function getHash()
+    {
+        return $this->hashParam;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the hash function.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param String $hash
+     * @param string $hash
      */
     function setHash($hash)
     {
-        $hash = strtolower($hash);
+        $this->hashParam = $hash = strtolower($hash);
         switch ($hash) {
+            case 'md2-96':
             case 'md5-96':
             case 'sha1-96':
-                $this->l = 12; // 96 / 8 = 12
+            case 'sha256-96':
+            case 'sha512-96':
+            case 'sha512/224-96':
+            case 'sha512/256-96':
+                $hash = substr($hash, 0, -3);
+                $this->length = 12; // 96 / 8 = 12
                 break;
             case 'md2':
             case 'md5':
-                $this->l = 16;
+                $this->length = 16;
                 break;
             case 'sha1':
-                $this->l = 20;
+                $this->length = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'sha224':
+            case 'sha512/224':
+                $this->length = 28;
                 break;
             case 'sha256':
-                $this->l = 32;
+            case 'sha512/256':
+                $this->length = 32;
                 break;
             case 'sha384':
-                $this->l = 48;
+                $this->length = 48;
                 break;
             case 'sha512':
-                $this->l = 64;
-        }
-
-        switch ($hash) {
-            case 'md2':
-                $mode = CRYPT_HASH_MODE == CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH && in_array('md2', hash_algos()) ?
-                    CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH : CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL;
-                break;
-            case 'sha384':
-            case 'sha512':
-                $mode = CRYPT_HASH_MODE == CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH ? CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL : CRYPT_HASH_MODE;
+                $this->length = 64;
                 break;
             default:
-                $mode = CRYPT_HASH_MODE;
-        }
-
-        switch ( $mode ) {
-            case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH:
-                switch ($hash) {
-                    case 'md5':
-                    case 'md5-96':
-                        $this->hash = MHASH_MD5;
-                        break;
-                    case 'sha256':
-                        $this->hash = MHASH_SHA256;
-                        break;
-                    case 'sha1':
-                    case 'sha1-96':
-                    default:
-                        $this->hash = MHASH_SHA1;
+                // see if the hash isn't "officially" supported see if it can
+                // be "unofficially" supported and calculate the length
+                // accordingly.
+                if (in_array($hash, hash_algos())) {
+                    $this->length = strlen(hash($hash, '', true));
+                    break;
                 }
-                return;
-            case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH:
-                switch ($hash) {
-                    case 'md5':
-                    case 'md5-96':
-                        $this->hash = 'md5';
-                        return;
-                    case 'md2':
-                    case 'sha256':
-                    case 'sha384':
-                    case 'sha512':
-                        $this->hash = $hash;
-                        return;
-                    case 'sha1':
-                    case 'sha1-96':
-                    default:
-                        $this->hash = 'sha1';
+                // if the hash algorithm doens't exist maybe it's a truncated
+                // hash, e.g. whirlpool-12 or some such.
+                if (preg_match('#(-\d+)$#', $hash, $matches)) {
+                    $hash = substr($hash, 0, -strlen($matches[1]));
+                    if (in_array($hash, hash_algos())) {
+                        $this->length = abs($matches[1]) >> 3;
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
-                return;
+                throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException(
+                    "$hash is not a supported algorithm"
+                );
         }
 
-        switch ($hash) {
-            case 'md2':
-                 $this->b = 16;
-                 $this->hash = array($this, '_md2');
-                 break;
-            case 'md5':
-            case 'md5-96':
-                 $this->b = 64;
-                 $this->hash = array($this, '_md5');
-                 break;
-            case 'sha256':
-                 $this->b = 64;
-                 $this->hash = array($this, '_sha256');
-                 break;
-            case 'sha384':
-            case 'sha512':
-                 $this->b = 128;
-                 $this->hash = array($this, '_sha512');
-                 break;
-            case 'sha1':
-            case 'sha1-96':
-            default:
-                 $this->b = 64;
-                 $this->hash = array($this, '_sha1');
+        if ($hash == 'sha512/224' || $hash == 'sha512/256') {
+            // from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-4/fips-180-4.pdf#page=24
+            $this->initial = $hash == 'sha512/256' ?
+                array(
+                    '22312194FC2BF72C', '9F555FA3C84C64C2', '2393B86B6F53B151', '963877195940EABD',
+                    '96283EE2A88EFFE3', 'BE5E1E2553863992', '2B0199FC2C85B8AA', '0EB72DDC81C52CA2'
+                ) :
+                array(
+                    '8C3D37C819544DA2', '73E1996689DCD4D6', '1DFAB7AE32FF9C82', '679DD514582F9FCF',
+                    '0F6D2B697BD44DA8', '77E36F7304C48942', '3F9D85A86A1D36C8', '1112E6AD91D692A1'
+                );
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++) {
+                $this->initial[$i] = new BigInteger($this->initial[$i], 16);
+                $this->initial[$i]->setPrecision(64);
+            }
         }
 
-        $this->ipad = str_repeat(chr(0x36), $this->b);
-        $this->opad = str_repeat(chr(0x5C), $this->b);
+        $this->hash = $hash;
     }
 
     /**
      * Compute the HMAC.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param String $text
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $text
+     * @return string
      */
     function hash($text)
     {
-        $mode = is_array($this->hash) ? CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL : CRYPT_HASH_MODE;
+        switch ($this->hash) {
+            case 'sha512/224':
+            case 'sha512/256':
+                if (empty($this->key) || !is_string($this->key)) {
+                    return substr(self::_sha512($text, $this->initial), 0, $this->length);
+                }
+                /* "Applications that use keys longer than B bytes will first hash the key using H and then use the
+                    resultant L byte string as the actual key to HMAC."
 
-        if (!empty($this->key) || is_string($this->key)) {
-            switch ( $mode ) {
-                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH:
-                    $output = mhash($this->hash, $text, $this->key);
-                    break;
-                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH:
-                    $output = hash_hmac($this->hash, $text, $this->key, true);
-                    break;
-                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL:
-                    /* "Applications that use keys longer than B bytes will first hash the key using H and then use the
-                        resultant L byte string as the actual key to HMAC."
-
-                        -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2104#section-2 */
-                    $key = strlen($this->key) > $this->b ? call_user_func($this->hash, $this->key) : $this->key;
-
-                    $key    = str_pad($key, $this->b, chr(0));      // step 1
-                    $temp   = $this->ipad ^ $key;                   // step 2
-                    $temp  .= $text;                                // step 3
-                    $temp   = call_user_func($this->hash, $temp);   // step 4
-                    $output = $this->opad ^ $key;                   // step 5
-                    $output.= $temp;                                // step 6
-                    $output = call_user_func($this->hash, $output); // step 7
-            }
-        } else {
-            switch ( $mode ) {
-                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH:
-                    $output = mhash($this->hash, $text);
-                    break;
-                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH:
-                    $output = hash($this->hash, $text, true);
-                    break;
-                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL:
-                    $output = call_user_func($this->hash, $text);
-            }
+                    -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2104#section-2 */
+                $key = strlen($this->key) > $this->b ? self::_sha512($this->key, $this->initial) : $this->key;
+
+                $key    = str_pad($this->key, 128, chr(0));       // step 1
+                $temp   = $this->ipad ^ $this->key;               // step 2
+                $temp  .= $text;                                  // step 3
+                $temp   = self::_sha512($temp, $this->initial);   // step 4
+                $output = $this->opad ^ $this->key;               // step 5
+                $output.= $temp;                                  // step 6
+                $output = self::_sha512($output, $this->initial); // step 7
+
+                return substr($output, 0, $this->length);
         }
+        $output = !empty($this->key) || is_string($this->key) ?
+            hash_hmac($this->hash, $text, $this->key, true) :
+            hash($this->hash, $text, true);
 
-        return substr($output, 0, $this->l);
+        return strlen($output) > $this->length
+            ? substr($output, 0, $this->length)
+            : $output;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the hash length (in bytes)
      *
      * @access public
-     * @return Integer
+     * @return int
      */
     function getLength()
     {
-        return $this->l;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for MD5
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     */
-    function _md5($m)
-    {
-        return pack('H*', md5($m));
+        return $this->length;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Wrapper for SHA1
+     * Pure-PHP implementation of SHA512
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
+     * @param string $m
      */
-    function _sha1($m)
+    static function _sha512($m, $hash)
     {
-        return pack('H*', sha1($m));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Pure-PHP implementation of MD2
-     *
-     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1319 RFC1319}.
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     */
-    function _md2($m)
-    {
-        static $s = array(
-             41,  46,  67, 201, 162, 216, 124,   1,  61,  54,  84, 161, 236, 240, 6,
-             19,  98, 167,   5, 243, 192, 199, 115, 140, 152, 147,  43, 217, 188,
-             76, 130, 202,  30, 155,  87,  60, 253, 212, 224,  22, 103,  66, 111, 24,
-            138,  23, 229,  18, 190,  78, 196, 214, 218, 158, 222,  73, 160, 251,
-            245, 142, 187,  47, 238, 122, 169, 104, 121, 145,  21, 178,   7,  63,
-            148, 194,  16, 137,  11,  34,  95,  33, 128, 127,  93, 154,  90, 144, 50,
-             39,  53,  62, 204, 231, 191, 247, 151,   3, 255,  25,  48, 179,  72, 165,
-            181, 209, 215,  94, 146,  42, 172,  86, 170, 198,  79, 184,  56, 210,
-            150, 164, 125, 182, 118, 252, 107, 226, 156, 116,   4, 241,  69, 157,
-            112,  89, 100, 113, 135,  32, 134,  91, 207, 101, 230,  45, 168,   2, 27,
-             96,  37, 173, 174, 176, 185, 246,  28,  70,  97, 105,  52,  64, 126, 15,
-             85,  71, 163,  35, 221,  81, 175,  58, 195,  92, 249, 206, 186, 197,
-            234,  38,  44,  83,  13, 110, 133,  40, 132,   9, 211, 223, 205, 244, 65,
-            129,  77,  82, 106, 220,  55, 200, 108, 193, 171, 250,  36, 225, 123,
-              8,  12, 189, 177,  74, 120, 136, 149, 139, 227,  99, 232, 109, 233,
-            203, 213, 254,  59,   0,  29,  57, 242, 239, 183,  14, 102,  88, 208, 228,
-            166, 119, 114, 248, 235, 117,  75,  10,  49,  68,  80, 180, 143, 237,
-             31,  26, 219, 153, 141,  51, 159,  17, 131, 20
-        );
-
-        // Step 1. Append Padding Bytes
-        $pad = 16 - (strlen($m) & 0xF);
-        $m.= str_repeat(chr($pad), $pad);
-
-        $length = strlen($m);
-
-        // Step 2. Append Checksum
-        $c = str_repeat(chr(0), 16);
-        $l = chr(0);
-        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i+= 16) {
-            for ($j = 0; $j < 16; $j++) {
-                // RFC1319 incorrectly states that C[j] should be set to S[c xor L]
-                //$c[$j] = chr($s[ord($m[$i + $j] ^ $l)]);
-                // per <http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=1319>, however, C[j] should be set to S[c xor L] xor C[j]
-                $c[$j] = chr($s[ord($m[$i + $j] ^ $l)] ^ ord($c[$j]));
-                $l = $c[$j];
-            }
-        }
-        $m.= $c;
-
-        $length+= 16;
-
-        // Step 3. Initialize MD Buffer
-        $x = str_repeat(chr(0), 48);
-
-        // Step 4. Process Message in 16-Byte Blocks
-        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i+= 16) {
-            for ($j = 0; $j < 16; $j++) {
-                $x[$j + 16] = $m[$i + $j];
-                $x[$j + 32] = $x[$j + 16] ^ $x[$j];
-            }
-            $t = chr(0);
-            for ($j = 0; $j < 18; $j++) {
-                for ($k = 0; $k < 48; $k++) {
-                    $x[$k] = $t = $x[$k] ^ chr($s[ord($t)]);
-                    //$t = $x[$k] = $x[$k] ^ chr($s[ord($t)]);
-                }
-                $t = chr(ord($t) + $j);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Step 5. Output
-        return substr($x, 0, 16);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Pure-PHP implementation of SHA256
-     *
-     * See {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA_hash_functions#SHA-256_.28a_SHA-2_variant.29_pseudocode SHA-256 (a SHA-2 variant) pseudocode - Wikipedia}.
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     */
-    function _sha256($m)
-    {
-        if (extension_loaded('suhosin')) {
-            return pack('H*', sha256($m));
-        }
-
-        // Initialize variables
-        $hash = array(
-            0x6a09e667, 0xbb67ae85, 0x3c6ef372, 0xa54ff53a, 0x510e527f, 0x9b05688c, 0x1f83d9ab, 0x5be0cd19
-        );
-        // Initialize table of round constants
-        // (first 32 bits of the fractional parts of the cube roots of the first 64 primes 2..311)
-        static $k = array(
-            0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
-            0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
-            0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
-            0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
-            0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
-            0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
-            0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
-            0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208, 0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2
-        );
-
-        // Pre-processing
-        $length = strlen($m);
-        // to round to nearest 56 mod 64, we'll add 64 - (length + (64 - 56)) % 64
-        $m.= str_repeat(chr(0), 64 - (($length + 8) & 0x3F));
-        $m[$length] = chr(0x80);
-        // we don't support hashing strings 512MB long
-        $m.= pack('N2', 0, $length << 3);
-
-        // Process the message in successive 512-bit chunks
-        $chunks = str_split($m, 64);
-        foreach ($chunks as $chunk) {
-            $w = array();
-            for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
-                extract(unpack('Ntemp', $this->_string_shift($chunk, 4)));
-                $w[] = $temp;
-            }
-
-            // Extend the sixteen 32-bit words into sixty-four 32-bit words
-            for ($i = 16; $i < 64; $i++) {
-                $s0 = $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 15],  7) ^
-                      $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 15], 18) ^
-                      $this->_rightShift( $w[$i - 15],  3);
-                $s1 = $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 2], 17) ^
-                      $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 2], 19) ^
-                      $this->_rightShift( $w[$i - 2], 10);
-                $w[$i] = $this->_add($w[$i - 16], $s0, $w[$i - 7], $s1);
-
-            }
-
-            // Initialize hash value for this chunk
-            list($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h) = $hash;
-
-            // Main loop
-            for ($i = 0; $i < 64; $i++) {
-                $s0 = $this->_rightRotate($a,  2) ^
-                      $this->_rightRotate($a, 13) ^
-                      $this->_rightRotate($a, 22);
-                $maj = ($a & $b) ^
-                       ($a & $c) ^
-                       ($b & $c);
-                $t2 = $this->_add($s0, $maj);
-
-                $s1 = $this->_rightRotate($e,  6) ^
-                      $this->_rightRotate($e, 11) ^
-                      $this->_rightRotate($e, 25);
-                $ch = ($e & $f) ^
-                      ($this->_not($e) & $g);
-                $t1 = $this->_add($h, $s1, $ch, $k[$i], $w[$i]);
-
-                $h = $g;
-                $g = $f;
-                $f = $e;
-                $e = $this->_add($d, $t1);
-                $d = $c;
-                $c = $b;
-                $b = $a;
-                $a = $this->_add($t1, $t2);
-            }
-
-            // Add this chunk's hash to result so far
-            $hash = array(
-                $this->_add($hash[0], $a),
-                $this->_add($hash[1], $b),
-                $this->_add($hash[2], $c),
-                $this->_add($hash[3], $d),
-                $this->_add($hash[4], $e),
-                $this->_add($hash[5], $f),
-                $this->_add($hash[6], $g),
-                $this->_add($hash[7], $h)
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Produce the final hash value (big-endian)
-        return pack('N8', $hash[0], $hash[1], $hash[2], $hash[3], $hash[4], $hash[5], $hash[6], $hash[7]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Pure-PHP implementation of SHA384 and SHA512
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     */
-    function _sha512($m)
-    {
-        if (!class_exists('Math_BigInteger')) {
-            require_once('Math/BigInteger.php');
-        }
-
-        static $init384, $init512, $k;
+        static $k;
 
         if (!isset($k)) {
-            // Initialize variables
-            $init384 = array( // initial values for SHA384
-                'cbbb9d5dc1059ed8', '629a292a367cd507', '9159015a3070dd17', '152fecd8f70e5939', 
-                '67332667ffc00b31', '8eb44a8768581511', 'db0c2e0d64f98fa7', '47b5481dbefa4fa4'
-            );
-            $init512 = array( // initial values for SHA512
-                '6a09e667f3bcc908', 'bb67ae8584caa73b', '3c6ef372fe94f82b', 'a54ff53a5f1d36f1', 
-                '510e527fade682d1', '9b05688c2b3e6c1f', '1f83d9abfb41bd6b', '5be0cd19137e2179'
-            );
-
-            for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++) {
-                $init384[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($init384[$i], 16);
-                $init384[$i]->setPrecision(64);
-                $init512[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($init512[$i], 16);
-                $init512[$i]->setPrecision(64);
-            }
-
             // Initialize table of round constants
             // (first 64 bits of the fractional parts of the cube roots of the first 80 primes 2..409)
             $k = array(
@@ -608,12 +324,10 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
             );
 
             for ($i = 0; $i < 80; $i++) {
-                $k[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($k[$i], 16);
+                $k[$i] = new BigInteger($k[$i], 16);
             }
         }
 
-        $hash = $this->l == 48 ? $init384 : $init512;
-
         // Pre-processing
         $length = strlen($m);
         // to round to nearest 112 mod 128, we'll add 128 - (length + (128 - 112)) % 128
@@ -627,7 +341,7 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
         foreach ($chunks as $chunk) {
             $w = array();
             for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($chunk, 8), 256);
+                $temp = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($chunk, 8), 256);
                 $temp->setPrecision(64);
                 $w[] = $temp;
             }
@@ -648,21 +362,21 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
                 );
                 $s1 = $temp[0]->bitwise_xor($temp[1]);
                 $s1 = $s1->bitwise_xor($temp[2]);
-                $w[$i] = $w[$i - 16]->copy();
+                $w[$i] = clone $w[$i - 16];
                 $w[$i] = $w[$i]->add($s0);
                 $w[$i] = $w[$i]->add($w[$i - 7]);
                 $w[$i] = $w[$i]->add($s1);
             }
 
             // Initialize hash value for this chunk
-            $a = $hash[0]->copy();
-            $b = $hash[1]->copy();
-            $c = $hash[2]->copy();
-            $d = $hash[3]->copy();
-            $e = $hash[4]->copy();
-            $f = $hash[5]->copy();
-            $g = $hash[6]->copy();
-            $h = $hash[7]->copy();
+            $a = clone $hash[0];
+            $b = clone $hash[1];
+            $c = clone $hash[2];
+            $d = clone $hash[3];
+            $e = clone $hash[4];
+            $f = clone $hash[5];
+            $g = clone $hash[6];
+            $h = clone $hash[7];
 
             // Main loop
             for ($i = 0; $i < 80; $i++) {
@@ -699,13 +413,13 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
                 $t1 = $t1->add($k[$i]);
                 $t1 = $t1->add($w[$i]);
 
-                $h = $g->copy();
-                $g = $f->copy();
-                $f = $e->copy();
+                $h = clone $g;
+                $g = clone $f;
+                $f = clone $e;
                 $e = $d->add($t1);
-                $d = $c->copy();
-                $c = $b->copy();
-                $b = $a->copy();
+                $d = clone $c;
+                $c = clone $b;
+                $b = clone $a;
                 $a = $t1->add($t2);
             }
 
@@ -723,98 +437,24 @@ class Crypt_Hash {
         }
 
         // Produce the final hash value (big-endian)
-        // (Crypt_Hash::hash() trims the output for hashes but not for HMACs.  as such, we trim the output here)
+        // (\phpseclib\Crypt\Hash::hash() trims the output for hashes but not for HMACs.  as such, we trim the output here)
         $temp = $hash[0]->toBytes() . $hash[1]->toBytes() . $hash[2]->toBytes() . $hash[3]->toBytes() .
-                $hash[4]->toBytes() . $hash[5]->toBytes();
-        if ($this->l != 48) {
-            $temp.= $hash[6]->toBytes() . $hash[7]->toBytes();
-        }
+                $hash[4]->toBytes() . $hash[5]->toBytes() . $hash[6]->toBytes() . $hash[7]->toBytes();
 
         return $temp;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Right Rotate
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param Integer $int
-     * @param Integer $amt
-     * @see _sha256()
-     * @return Integer
-     */
-    function _rightRotate($int, $amt)
-    {
-        $invamt = 32 - $amt;
-        $mask = (1 << $invamt) - 1;
-        return (($int << $invamt) & 0xFFFFFFFF) | (($int >> $amt) & $mask);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Right Shift
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param Integer $int
-     * @param Integer $amt
-     * @see _sha256()
-     * @return Integer
-     */
-    function _rightShift($int, $amt)
-    {
-        $mask = (1 << (32 - $amt)) - 1;
-        return ($int >> $amt) & $mask;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Not
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param Integer $int
-     * @see _sha256()
-     * @return Integer
-     */
-    function _not($int)
-    {
-        return ~$int & 0xFFFFFFFF;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add
-     *
-     * _sha256() adds multiple unsigned 32-bit integers.  Since PHP doesn't support unsigned integers and since the
-     * possibility of overflow exists, care has to be taken.  Math_BigInteger() could be used but this should be faster.
-     *
-     * @param Integer $...
-     * @return Integer
-     * @see _sha256()
-     * @access private
-     */
-    function _add()
-    {
-        static $mod;
-        if (!isset($mod)) {
-            $mod = pow(2, 32);
-        }
-
-        $result = 0;
-        $arguments = func_get_args();
-        foreach ($arguments as $argument) {
-            $result+= $argument < 0 ? ($argument & 0x7FFFFFFF) + 0x80000000 : $argument;
-        }
-
-        return fmod($result, $mod);
-    }
-
     /**
      * String Shift
      *
      * Inspired by array_shift
      *
-     * @param String $string
-     * @param optional Integer $index
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
      * @access private
      */
-    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    static function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
     {
         $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
         $string = substr($string, $index);
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC2.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC2.php
index 5e0ca88c8f..648cf96a7c 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC2.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC2.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of RC2.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Useful resources are as follows:
  *
@@ -15,9 +14,9 @@
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/RC2.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $rc2 = new Crypt_RC2();
+ *    $rc2 = new \phpseclib\Crypt\RC2();
  *
  *    $rc2->setKey('abcdefgh');
  *
@@ -27,106 +26,28 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_RC2
- * @author     Patrick Monnerat <pm@datasphere.ch>
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category Crypt
+ * @package  RC2
+ * @author   Patrick Monnerat <pm@datasphere.ch>
+ * @license  http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link     http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Base
- *
- * Base cipher class
- */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Base')) {
-    require_once('Base.php');
-}
-
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_RC2::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_RC2::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
- *
- * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CTR', CRYPT_MODE_CTR);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC2_MODE_ECB', CRYPT_MODE_ECB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CBC', CRYPT_MODE_CBC);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CFB', CRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC2_MODE_OFB', CRYPT_MODE_OFB);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_RC2::Crypt_RC2()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC2_MODE_INTERNAL', CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-/**
- * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC2_MODE_MCRYPT', CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of RC2.
  *
- * @version 0.1.1
+ * @package RC2
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_RC2
  */
-class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
+class RC2 extends Base
+{
     /**
      * Block Length of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::block_size
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::block_size
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $block_size = 8;
@@ -134,37 +55,48 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::key
-     * @see setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::key
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $key;
+
+    /**
+     * The Original (unpadded) Key
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::key
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $key = "\0";
+    var $orig_key;
 
     /**
-     * The default password key_size used by setPassword()
+     * Don't truncate / null pad key
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_key_size
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_clearBuffers()
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
-    var $password_key_size = 16; // = 128 bits
+    var $skip_key_adjustment = true;
 
     /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
+     * Key Length (in bytes)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\RC2::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
-    var $const_namespace = 'RC2';
+    var $key_length = 16; // = 128 bits
 
     /**
      * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'rc2';
@@ -172,29 +104,40 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Optimizing value while CFB-encrypting
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cfb_init_len
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cfb_init_len
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $cfb_init_len = 500;
 
-/**
+    /**
      * The key length in bits.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RC2::setKeyLength()
-     * @see Crypt_RC2::setKey()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::setKeyLength()
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      * @internal Should be in range [1..1024].
      * @internal Changing this value after setting the key has no effect.
      */
     var $default_key_length = 1024;
 
+    /**
+     * The key length in bits.
+     *
+     * @see self::isValidEnine()
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     * @internal Should be in range [1..1024].
+     */
+    var $current_key_length;
+
     /**
      * The Key Schedule
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RC2::_setupKey()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::_setupKey()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $keys;
@@ -203,8 +146,8 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
      * Key expansion randomization table.
      * Twice the same 256-value sequence to save a modulus in key expansion.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RC2::setKey()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $pitable = array(
@@ -277,8 +220,8 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Inverse key expansion randomization table.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RC2::setKey()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $invpitable = array(
@@ -319,53 +262,78 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
-     *
-     * $mode could be:
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RC2_MODE_ECB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CBC
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CTR
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CFB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RC2_MODE_OFB
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @access public
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid / unsupported mode is provided
+     */
+    function __construct($mode)
+    {
+        if ($mode == self::MODE_STREAM) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Block ciphers cannot be ran in stream mode');
+        }
+
+        parent::__construct($mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test for engine validity
      *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     * This is mainly just a wrapper to set things up for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     * @param int $engine
      * @access public
+     * @return bool
      */
-    function Crypt_RC2($mode = CRYPT_RC2_MODE_CBC)
+    function isValidEngine($engine)
     {
-        parent::Crypt_Base($mode);
-        $this->setKey('');
+        switch ($engine) {
+            case self::ENGINE_OPENSSL:
+                if ($this->current_key_length != 128 || strlen($this->orig_key) < 16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb = 'rc2-ecb';
+                $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc2-' . $this->_openssl_translate_mode();
+        }
+
+        return parent::isValidEngine($engine);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the key length
+     * Sets the key length.
      *
-     * Valid key lengths are 1 to 1024.
+     * Valid key lengths are 8 to 1024.
      * Calling this function after setting the key has no effect until the next
-     *  Crypt_RC2::setKey() call.
+     *  \phpseclib\Crypt\RC2::setKey() call.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param Integer $length in bits
+     * @param int $length in bits
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length isn't supported
      */
     function setKeyLength($length)
     {
-        if ($length >= 1 && $length <= 1024) {
-            $this->default_key_length = $length;
+        if ($length < 8 || $length > 1024) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bits is not supported by this algorithm. Only keys between 1 and 1024 bits, inclusive, are supported');
         }
+
+        $this->default_key_length = $this->current_key_length = $length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current key length
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return int
+     */
+    function getKeyLength()
+    {
+        return $this->current_key_length;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the key.
      *
-     * Keys can be of any length. RC2, itself, uses 1 to 1024 bit keys (eg.
+     * Keys can be of any length. RC2, itself, uses 8 to 1024 bit keys (eg.
      * strlen($key) <= 128), however, we only use the first 128 bytes if $key
      * has more then 128 bytes in it, and set $key to a single null byte if
      * it is empty.
@@ -373,20 +341,27 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
      * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be a single
      * null byte.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setKey()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $key
-     * @param Integer $t1 optional          Effective key length in bits.
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param int $t1 optional Effective key length in bits.
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length isn't supported
      */
-    function setKey($key, $t1 = 0)
+    function setKey($key, $t1 = false)
     {
-        if ($t1 <= 0) {
+        $this->orig_key = $key;
+
+        if ($t1 === false) {
             $t1 = $this->default_key_length;
-        } else if ($t1 > 1024) {
-            $t1 = 1024;
         }
+
+        if ($t1 < 1 || $t1 > 1024) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bits is not supported by this algorithm. Only keys between 1 and 1024 bits, inclusive, are supported');
+        }
+
+        $this->current_key_length = $t1;
         // Key byte count should be 1..128.
-        $key = strlen($key) ? substr($key, 0, 128): "\x00";
+        $key = strlen($key) ? substr($key, 0, 128) : "\x00";
         $t = strlen($key);
 
         // The mcrypt RC2 implementation only supports effective key length
@@ -414,17 +389,64 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
         // Prepare the key for mcrypt.
         $l[0] = $this->invpitable[$l[0]];
         array_unshift($l, 'C*');
+
         parent::setKey(call_user_func_array('pack', $l));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a message.
+     *
+     * Mostly a wrapper for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::encrypt, with some additional OpenSSL handling code
+     *
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @return string $ciphertext
+     */
+    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    {
+        if ($this->engine == self::ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
+            $temp = $this->key;
+            $this->key = $this->orig_key;
+            $result = parent::encrypt($plaintext);
+            $this->key = $temp;
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        return parent::encrypt($plaintext);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a message.
+     *
+     * Mostly a wrapper for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::decrypt, with some additional OpenSSL handling code
+     *
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $ciphertext
+     * @return string $plaintext
+     */
+    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    {
+        if ($this->engine == self::ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
+            $temp = $this->key;
+            $this->key = $this->orig_key;
+            $result = parent::decrypt($ciphertext);
+            $this->key = $temp;
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        return parent::decrypt($ciphertext);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Encrypts a block
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_encryptBlock()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::encrypt()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _encryptBlock($in)
     {
@@ -445,8 +467,8 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
             $r3 = (($r3 + $keys[$j++] + ((($r0 ^ $r1) & $r2) ^ $r0)) & 0xFFFF) << 5;
             $r3 |= $r3 >> 16;
 
-            if ($j == $limit) {
-                if ($limit == 64) {
+            if ($j === $limit) {
+                if ($limit === 64) {
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -465,11 +487,11 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Decrypts a block
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_decryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_decryptBlock()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::decrypt()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _decryptBlock($in)
     {
@@ -490,8 +512,8 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
             $r0 = ($r0 | ($r0 << 16)) >> 1;
             $r0 = ($r0 - $keys[--$j] - ((($r1 ^ $r2) & $r3) ^ $r1)) & 0xFFFF;
 
-            if ($j == $limit) {
-                if (!$limit) {
+            if ($j === $limit) {
+                if ($limit === 0) {
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -507,15 +529,34 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
         return pack('vvvv', $r0, $r1, $r2, $r3);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Setup the \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::ENGINE_MCRYPT $engine
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupMcrypt()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _setupMcrypt()
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->key)) {
+            $this->setKey('');
+        }
+
+        parent::_setupMcrypt();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Creates the key schedule
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupKey()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupKey()
     {
-        // Key has already been expanded in Crypt_RC2::setKey():
+        if (!isset($this->key)) {
+            $this->setKey('');
+        }
+
+        // Key has already been expanded in \phpseclib\Crypt\RC2::setKey():
         // Only the first value must be altered.
         $l = unpack('Ca/Cb/v*', $this->key);
         array_unshift($l, $this->pitable[$l['a']] | ($l['b'] << 8));
@@ -527,24 +568,24 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Setup the performance-optimized function for de/encrypt()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupInlineCrypt()
     {
-        $lambda_functions = &Crypt_RC2::_getLambdaFunctions();
+        $lambda_functions =& self::_getLambdaFunctions();
 
         // The first 10 generated $lambda_functions will use the $keys hardcoded as integers
         // for the mixing rounds, for better inline crypt performance [~20% faster].
         // But for memory reason we have to limit those ultra-optimized $lambda_functions to an amount of 10.
-        $keys = $this->keys;
-        if (count($lambda_functions) >= 10) {
-            foreach ($this->keys as $k => $v) {
-                $keys[$k] = '$keys[' . $k . ']';
-            }
-        }
+        // (Currently, for Crypt_RC2, one generated $lambda_function cost on php5.5@32bit ~60kb unfreeable mem and ~100kb on php5.5@64bit)
+        $gen_hi_opt_code = (bool)(count($lambda_functions) < 10);
 
-        $code_hash = md5(str_pad("Crypt_RC2, {$this->mode}, ", 32, "\0") . implode(',', $keys));
+        // Generation of a uniqe hash for our generated code
+        $code_hash = "Crypt_RC2, {$this->mode}";
+        if ($gen_hi_opt_code) {
+            $code_hash = str_pad($code_hash, 32) . $this->_hashInlineCryptFunction($this->key);
+        }
 
         // Is there a re-usable $lambda_functions in there?
         // If not, we have to create it.
@@ -552,6 +593,16 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
             // Init code for both, encrypt and decrypt.
             $init_crypt = '$keys = $self->keys;';
 
+            switch (true) {
+                case $gen_hi_opt_code:
+                    $keys = $this->keys;
+                default:
+                    $keys = array();
+                    foreach ($this->keys as $k => $v) {
+                        $keys[$k] = '$keys[' . $k . ']';
+                    }
+            }
+
             // $in is the current 8 bytes block which has to be en/decrypt
             $encrypt_block = $decrypt_block = '
                 $in = unpack("v4", $in);
@@ -582,8 +633,8 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
                            ((($r0 ^ $r1) & $r2) ^ $r0)) & 0xFFFF) << 5;
                     $r3 |= $r3 >> 16;';
 
-                if ($j == $limit) {
-                    if ($limit == 64) {
+                if ($j === $limit) {
+                    if ($limit === 64) {
                         break;
                     }
 
@@ -620,8 +671,8 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
                     $r0 = ($r0 - ' . $keys[--$j] . ' -
                            ((($r1 ^ $r2) & $r3) ^ $r1)) & 0xFFFF;';
 
-                if ($j == $limit) {
-                    if (!$limit) {
+                if ($j === $limit) {
+                    if ($limit === 0) {
                         break;
                     }
 
@@ -651,6 +702,3 @@ class Crypt_RC2 extends Crypt_Base {
         $this->inline_crypt = $lambda_functions[$code_hash];
     }
 }
-
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC4.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC4.php
index f6a9eae2fb..3da70b6ea0 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC4.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC4.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of RC4.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Useful resources are as follows:
  *
@@ -19,9 +18,9 @@
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/RC4.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $rc4 = new Crypt_RC4();
+ *    $rc4 = new \phpseclib\Crypt\RC4();
  *
  *    $rc4->setKey('abcdefgh');
  *
@@ -35,109 +34,59 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_RC4
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
- */
-
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Base
- *
- * Base cipher class
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RC4
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Base')) {
-    require_once('Base.php');
-}
 
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_RC4::Crypt_RC4()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC4_MODE_INTERNAL', CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-/**
- * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT', CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
- */
-define('CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT', 0);
-define('CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT', 1);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of RC4.
  *
+ * @package RC4
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 0.1.0
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_RC4
  */
-class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
+class RC4 extends Base
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\RC4::_crypt()
+    */
+    const ENCRYPT = 0;
+    const DECRYPT = 1;
+    /**#@-*/
+
     /**
      * Block Length of the cipher
      *
-     * RC4 is a stream cipher 
+     * RC4 is a stream cipher
      * so we the block_size to 0
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::block_size
-     * @var Integer 
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::block_size
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $block_size = 0;
 
     /**
-     * The default password key_size used by setPassword()
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_key_size
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var Integer
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $password_key_size = 128; // = 1024 bits
-
-    /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
+     * Key Length (in bytes)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\RC4::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
-    var $const_namespace = 'RC4';
-
+    var $key_length = 128; // = 1024 bits
 
     /**
      * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'arcfour';
@@ -145,7 +94,7 @@ class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Holds whether performance-optimized $inline_crypt() can/should be used.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::inline_crypt
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::inline_crypt
      * @var mixed
      * @access private
      */
@@ -154,8 +103,8 @@ class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $key = "\0";
@@ -163,8 +112,8 @@ class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key Stream for decryption and encryption
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKey()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $stream;
@@ -172,107 +121,167 @@ class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @return Crypt_RC4
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     * @return \phpseclib\Crypt\RC4
      * @access public
      */
-    function Crypt_RC4()
+    function __construct()
     {
-        parent::Crypt_Base(CRYPT_MODE_STREAM);
+        parent::__construct(Base::MODE_STREAM);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Dummy function.
+     * Test for engine validity
+     *
+     * This is mainly just a wrapper to set things up for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
      *
-     * Some protocols, such as WEP, prepend an "initialization vector" to the key, effectively creating a new key [1].
-     * If you need to use an initialization vector in this manner, feel free to prepend it to the key, yourself, before
-     * calling setKey().
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     * @param int $engine
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function isValidEngine($engine)
+    {
+        switch ($engine) {
+            case Base::ENGINE_OPENSSL:
+                switch (strlen($this->key)) {
+                    case 5:
+                        $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc4-40';
+                        break;
+                    case 8:
+                        $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc4-64';
+                        break;
+                    case 16:
+                        $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'rc4';
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return parent::isValidEngine($engine);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RC4 does not use an IV
      *
-     * [1] WEP's initialization vectors (IV's) are used in a somewhat insecure way.  Since, in that protocol,
-     * the IV's are relatively easy to predict, an attack described by
-     * {@link http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/IEEE/rc4_ksaproc.pdf Scott Fluhrer, Itsik Mantin, and Adi Shamir}
-     * can be used to quickly guess at the rest of the key.  The following links elaborate:
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function usesIV()
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key length
      *
-     * {@link http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2009 http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2009}
-     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Related_key_attack http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Related_key_attack}
+     * Keys can be between 1 and 256 bytes long.
      *
-     * @param String $iv
-     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKey()
      * @access public
+     * @param int $length
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length is invalid
      */
-    function setIV($iv)
+    function setKeyLength($length)
     {
+        if ($length < 8 || $length > 2048) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bits is not supported by this algorithm. Only keys between 1 and 256 bytes are supported');
+        }
+
+        $this->key_length = $length >> 3;
+
+        parent::setKeyLength($length);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the key.
+     * Sets the key length
      *
-     * Keys can be between 1 and 256 bytes long.  If they are longer then 256 bytes, the first 256 bytes will
-     * be used.  If no key is explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be a single null byte.
+     * Keys can be between 1 and 256 bytes long.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setKey()
-     * @param String $key
+     * @param int $length
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length is invalid
      */
     function setKey($key)
     {
-        parent::setKey(substr($key, 0, 256));
+        $length = strlen($key);
+        if ($length < 1 || $length > 256) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bytes is not supported by RC4. Keys must be between 1 and 256 bytes long');
+        }
+
+        parent::setKey($key);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encrypts a message.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::decrypt()
+     * @see self::_crypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $plaintext
-     * @return String $ciphertext
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @return string $ciphertext
      */
     function encrypt($plaintext)
     {
-        if ($this->engine == CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT) {
+        if ($this->engine != Base::ENGINE_INTERNAL) {
             return parent::encrypt($plaintext);
         }
-        return $this->_crypt($plaintext, CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT);
+        return $this->_crypt($plaintext, self::ENCRYPT);
     }
 
     /**
      * Decrypts a message.
      *
      * $this->decrypt($this->encrypt($plaintext)) == $this->encrypt($this->encrypt($plaintext)).
-     * Atleast if the continuous buffer is disabled.
+     * At least if the continuous buffer is disabled.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::encrypt()
+     * @see self::_crypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $ciphertext
-     * @return String $plaintext
+     * @param string $ciphertext
+     * @return string $plaintext
      */
     function decrypt($ciphertext)
     {
-        if ($this->engine == CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT) {
+        if ($this->engine != Base::ENGINE_INTERNAL) {
             return parent::decrypt($ciphertext);
         }
-        return $this->_crypt($ciphertext, CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT);
+        return $this->_crypt($ciphertext, self::DECRYPT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a block
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $in
+     */
+    function _encryptBlock($in)
+    {
+        // RC4 does not utilize this method
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a block
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $in
+     */
+    function _decryptBlock($in)
+    {
+        // RC4 does not utilize this method
+    }
 
     /**
      * Setup the key (expansion)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupKey()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupKey()
     {
         $key = $this->key;
         $keyLength = strlen($key);
-        $keyStream = array();
-        for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
-            $keyStream[$i] = $i;
-        }
+        $keyStream = range(0, 255);
         $j = 0;
         for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
             $j = ($j + $keyStream[$i] + ord($key[$i % $keyLength])) & 255;
@@ -282,7 +291,7 @@ class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
         }
 
         $this->stream = array();
-        $this->stream[CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT] = $this->stream[CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT] = array(
+        $this->stream[self::DECRYPT] = $this->stream[self::ENCRYPT] = array(
             0, // index $i
             0, // index $j
             $keyStream
@@ -292,12 +301,12 @@ class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Encrypts or decrypts a message.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RC4::encrypt()
-     * @see Crypt_RC4::decrypt()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $text
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     * @return String $text
+     * @param string $text
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return string $text
      */
     function _crypt($text, $mode)
     {
@@ -326,12 +335,9 @@ class Crypt_RC4 extends Crypt_Base {
 
             $keyStream[$i] = $ksj;
             $keyStream[$j] = $ksi;
-            $text[$k] = chr(ord($text[$k]) ^ $keyStream[($ksj + $ksi) & 255]);
+            $text[$k] = $text[$k] ^ chr($keyStream[($ksj + $ksi) & 255]);
         }
 
         return $text;
     }
 }
-
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
index 50642eb7ea..38c2d390f3 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
@@ -1,287 +1,200 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP PKCS#1 (v2.1) compliant implementation of RSA.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Here's an example of how to encrypt and decrypt text with this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/RSA.php');
+ * include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
- *    extract($rsa->createKey());
+ * extract(\phpseclib\Crypt\RSA::createKey());
  *
- *    $plaintext = 'terrafrost';
+ * $plaintext = 'terrafrost';
  *
- *    $rsa->loadKey($privatekey);
- *    $ciphertext = $rsa->encrypt($plaintext);
+ * $ciphertext = $publickey->encrypt($plaintext);
  *
- *    $rsa->loadKey($publickey);
- *    echo $rsa->decrypt($ciphertext);
+ * echo $privatekey->decrypt($ciphertext);
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
  * Here's an example of how to create signatures and verify signatures with this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/RSA.php');
+ * include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
- *    extract($rsa->createKey());
+ * extract(\phpseclib\Crypt\RSA::createKey());
  *
- *    $plaintext = 'terrafrost';
+ * $plaintext = 'terrafrost';
  *
- *    $rsa->loadKey($privatekey);
- *    $signature = $rsa->sign($plaintext);
+ * $signature = $privatekey->sign($plaintext);
  *
- *    $rsa->loadKey($publickey);
- *    echo $rsa->verify($plaintext, $signature) ? 'verified' : 'unverified';
+ * echo $publickey->verify($plaintext, $signature) ? 'verified' : 'unverified';
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- * 
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- * 
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_RSA
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMIX Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
- */
-
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Random
- */
-// the class_exists() will only be called if the crypt_random_string function hasn't been defined and
-// will trigger a call to __autoload() if you're wanting to auto-load classes
-// call function_exists() a second time to stop the require_once from being called outside
-// of the auto loader
-if (!function_exists('crypt_random_string')) {
-    require_once('Random.php');
-}
-
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Hash
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2009 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
-    require_once('Hash.php');
-}
 
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_RSA::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_RSA::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Use {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding}
- * (OAEP) for encryption / decryption.
- *
- * Uses sha1 by default.
- *
- * @see Crypt_RSA::setHash()
- * @see Crypt_RSA::setMGFHash()
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP',  1);
-/**
- * Use PKCS#1 padding.
- *
- * Although CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP offers more security, including PKCS#1 padding is necessary for purposes of backwards
- * compatability with protocols (like SSH-1) written before OAEP's introduction.
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1', 2);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_RSA::sign()
- * @see Crypt_RSA::verify()
- * @see Crypt_RSA::setHash()
- */
-/**
- * Use the Probabilistic Signature Scheme for signing
- *
- * Uses sha1 by default.
- *
- * @see Crypt_RSA::setSaltLength()
- * @see Crypt_RSA::setMGFHash()
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS',  1);
-/**
- * Use the PKCS#1 scheme by default.
- *
- * Although CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS offers more security, including PKCS#1 signing is necessary for purposes of backwards
- * compatability with protocols (like SSH-2) written before PSS's introduction.
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1', 2);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
- */
-/**
- * ASN1 Integer
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER',   2);
-/**
- * ASN1 Bit String
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_BITSTRING', 3); 
-/**
- * ASN1 Sequence (with the constucted bit set)
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE', 48);
-/**#@-*/
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
 
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_RSA::Crypt_RSA()
- */
 /**
- * To use the pure-PHP implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
-/**
- * To use the OpenSSL library
+ * Pure-PHP PKCS#1 compliant implementation of RSA.
  *
- * (if enabled; otherwise, the internal implementation will be used)
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
  */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL', 2);
-/**#@-*/
+class RSA
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     */
+    /**
+     * Use {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding}
+     * (OAEP) for encryption / decryption.
+     *
+     * Uses sha256 by default
+     *
+     * @see self::setHash()
+     * @see self::setMGFHash()
+     */
+    const PADDING_OAEP = 1;
+    /**
+     * Use PKCS#1 padding.
+     *
+     * Although self::PADDING_OAEP / self::PADDING_PSS  offers more security, including PKCS#1 padding is necessary for purposes of backwards
+     * compatibility with protocols (like SSH-1) written before OAEP's introduction.
+     */
+    const PADDING_PKCS1 = 2;
+    /**
+     * Do not use any padding
+     *
+     * Although this method is not recommended it can none-the-less sometimes be useful if you're trying to decrypt some legacy
+     * stuff, if you're trying to diagnose why an encrypted message isn't decrypting, etc.
+     */
+    const PADDING_NONE = 3;
+    /**
+     * Use PKCS#1 padding with PKCS1 v1.5 compatability
+     *
+     * A PKCS1 v2.1 encrypted message may not successfully decrypt with a PKCS1 v1.5 implementation (such as OpenSSL).
+     */
+    const PADDING_PKCS15_COMPAT = 6;
+    /**#@-*/
 
-/**
- * Default openSSL configuration file.
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_OPENSSL_CONFIG', dirname(__FILE__) . '/../openssl.cnf');
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see self::sign()
+     * @see self::verify()
+     * @see self::setHash()
+     */
+    /**
+     * Use the Probabilistic Signature Scheme for signing
+     *
+     * Uses sha256 and 0 as the salt length
+     *
+     * @see self::setSaltLength()
+     * @see self::setMGFHash()
+     * @see self::setHash()
+     */
+    const PADDING_PSS = 4;
+    /**
+     * Use a relaxed version of PKCS#1 padding for signature verification
+     */
+    const PADDING_RELAXED_PKCS1 = 5;
+    /**#@-*/
 
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
- * @see Crypt_RSA::setPrivateKeyFormat()
- */
-/**
- * PKCS#1 formatted private key
- *
- * Used by OpenSSH
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1', 0);
-/**
- * PuTTY formatted private key
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY', 1);
-/**
- * XML formatted private key
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML', 2);
-/**#@-*/
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     * @see self::createKey()
+     */
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Integer
+     */
+    const ASN1_INTEGER = 2;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Bit String
+     */
+    const ASN1_BITSTRING = 3;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Octet String
+     */
+    const ASN1_OCTETSTRING = 4;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Object Identifier
+     */
+    const ASN1_OBJECT = 6;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Sequence (with the constucted bit set)
+     */
+    const ASN1_SEQUENCE = 48;
+    /**#@-*/
 
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
- * @see Crypt_RSA::setPublicKeyFormat()
- */
-/**
- * Raw public key
- *
- * An array containing two Math_BigInteger objects.
- *
- * The exponent can be indexed with any of the following:
- *
- * 0, e, exponent, publicExponent
- *
- * The modulus can be indexed with any of the following:
- *
- * 1, n, modulo, modulus
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW', 3);
-/**
- * PKCS#1 formatted public key (raw)
- *
- * Used by File/X509.php
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1_RAW', 4);
-/**
- * XML formatted public key
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML', 5);
-/**
- * OpenSSH formatted public key
- *
- * Place in $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH', 6);
-/**
- * PKCS#1 formatted public key (encapsulated)
- *
- * Used by PHP's openssl_public_encrypt() and openssl's rsautl (when -pubin is set)
- */
-define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1', 7);
-/**#@-*/
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     */
+    /**
+     * To use the pure-PHP implementation
+     */
+    const MODE_INTERNAL = 1;
+    /**
+     * To use the OpenSSL library
+     *
+     * (if enabled; otherwise, the internal implementation will be used)
+     */
+    const MODE_OPENSSL = 2;
+    /**#@-*/
 
-/**
- * Pure-PHP PKCS#1 compliant implementation of RSA.
- *
- * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 0.1.0
- * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_RSA
- */
-class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Precomputed Zero
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $zero;
+    static $zero;
 
     /**
      * Precomputed One
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $one;
+    static $one;
 
     /**
      * Private Key Format
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $privateKeyFormat = CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1;
+    var $privateKeyFormat = 'PKCS1';
 
     /**
      * Public Key Format
      *
-     * @var Integer
-     * @access public
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
      */
-    var $publicKeyFormat = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1;
+    var $publicKeyFormat = 'PKCS8';
 
     /**
      * Modulus (ie. n)
      *
-     * @var Math_BigInteger
+     * @var \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access private
      */
     var $modulus;
@@ -289,7 +202,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Modulus length
      *
-     * @var Math_BigInteger
+     * @var \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access private
      */
     var $k;
@@ -297,7 +210,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Exponent (ie. e or d)
      *
-     * @var Math_BigInteger
+     * @var \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access private
      */
     var $exponent;
@@ -305,7 +218,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Primes for Chinese Remainder Theorem (ie. p and q)
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $primes;
@@ -313,7 +226,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Exponents for Chinese Remainder Theorem (ie. dP and dQ)
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $exponents;
@@ -321,7 +234,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Coefficients for Chinese Remainder Theorem (ie. qInv)
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $coefficients;
@@ -329,7 +242,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Hash name
      *
-     * @var String
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $hashName;
@@ -337,7 +250,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Hash function
      *
-     * @var Crypt_Hash
+     * @var \phpseclib\Crypt\Hash
      * @access private
      */
     var $hash;
@@ -345,7 +258,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Length of hash function output
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $hLen;
@@ -353,7 +266,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Length of salt
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $sLen;
@@ -361,7 +274,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Hash function for the Mask Generation Function
      *
-     * @var Crypt_Hash
+     * @var \phpseclib\Crypt\Hash
      * @access private
      */
     var $mgfHash;
@@ -369,152 +282,110 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Length of MGF hash function output
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $mgfHLen;
 
     /**
-     * Encryption mode
+     * Public Exponent
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var mixed
      * @access private
      */
-    var $encryptionMode = CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP;
+    var $publicExponent = false;
 
     /**
-     * Signature mode
+     * Password
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $signatureMode = CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS;
+    var $password = false;
 
     /**
-     * Public Exponent
+     * Loaded File Format
      *
-     * @var Mixed
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $publicExponent = false;
+    var $format = false;
 
     /**
-     * Password
+     * OpenSSL configuration file name.
      *
-     * @var String
-     * @access private
+     * Set to null to use system configuration file.
+     *
+     * @see self::createKey()
+     * @var mixed
+     * @access public
      */
-    var $password = false;
+    static $configFile;
 
     /**
-     * Components
+     * Supported file formats (lower case)
      *
-     * For use with parsing XML formatted keys.  PHP's XML Parser functions use utilized - instead of PHP's DOM functions -
-     * because PHP's XML Parser functions work on PHP4 whereas PHP's DOM functions - although surperior - don't.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_RSA::_start_element_handler()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::_initialize_static_variables()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $components = array();
+    static $fileFormats = false;
 
     /**
-     * Current String
-     *
-     * For use with parsing XML formatted keys.
+     * Supported file formats (original case)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_RSA::_character_handler()
-     * @see Crypt_RSA::_stop_element_handler()
-     * @var Mixed
+     * @see self::_initialize_static_variables()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $current;
+    static $origFileFormats = false;
 
-    /**
-     * OpenSSL configuration file name.
-     *
-     * Set to NULL to use system configuration file.
-     * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
-     * @var Mixed
-     * @Access public
-     */
-    var $configFile;
 
     /**
-     * Public key comment field.
+     * Initialize static variables
      *
-     * @var String
      * @access private
      */
-    var $comment = 'phpseclib-generated-key';
+    static function _initialize_static_variables()
+    {
+        if (!isset(self::$zero)) {
+            self::$zero= new BigInteger(0);
+            self::$one = new BigInteger(1);
+            self::$configFile = __DIR__ . '/../openssl.cnf';
+
+            if (self::$fileFormats === false) {
+                self::$fileFormats = array();
+                foreach (glob(__DIR__ . '/RSA/*.php') as $file) {
+                    $name = pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_FILENAME);
+                    $type = 'phpseclib\Crypt\RSA\\' . $name;
+                    $meta = new \ReflectionClass($type);
+                    if (!$meta->isAbstract()) {
+                        self::$fileFormats[strtolower($name)] = $type;
+                        self::$origFileFormats[] = $name;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     /**
      * The constructor
      *
      * If you want to make use of the openssl extension, you'll need to set the mode manually, yourself.  The reason
-     * Crypt_RSA doesn't do it is because OpenSSL doesn't fail gracefully.  openssl_pkey_new(), in particular, requires
+     * \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA doesn't do it is because OpenSSL doesn't fail gracefully.  openssl_pkey_new(), in particular, requires
      * openssl.cnf be present somewhere and, unfortunately, the only real way to find out is too late.
      *
-     * @return Crypt_RSA
+     * @return \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA
      * @access public
      */
-    function Crypt_RSA()
+    function __construct()
     {
-        if (!class_exists('Math_BigInteger')) {
-            require_once('Math/BigInteger.php');
-        }
+        self::_initialize_static_variables();
 
-        $this->configFile = CRYPT_RSA_OPENSSL_CONFIG;
-
-        if ( !defined('CRYPT_RSA_MODE') ) {
-            // Math/BigInteger's openssl requirements are a little less stringent than Crypt/RSA's. in particular,
-            // Math/BigInteger doesn't require an openssl.cfg file whereas Crypt/RSA does. so if Math/BigInteger
-            // can't use OpenSSL it can be pretty trivially assumed, then, that Crypt/RSA can't either.
-            if ( defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_DISABLE') ) {
-                define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL);
-            }
-
-            switch ( !defined('CRYPT_RSA_MODE') ) { // ie. only run this if the above didn't set CRYPT_RSA_MODE already
-                case extension_loaded('openssl') && version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '4.2.0', '>=') && file_exists($this->configFile):
-                    // some versions of XAMPP have mismatched versions of OpenSSL which causes it not to work
-                    ob_start();
-                    phpinfo();
-                    $content = ob_get_contents();
-                    ob_end_clean();
-
-                    preg_match_all('#OpenSSL (Header|Library) Version(.*)#im', $content, $matches);
-
-                    $versions = array();
-                    if (!empty($matches[1])) {
-                       for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches[1]); $i++) {
-                          $versions[$matches[1][$i]] = trim(str_replace('=>', '', strip_tags($matches[2][$i])));
-                       }
-                    }
-
-                    // it doesn't appear that OpenSSL versions were reported upon until PHP 5.3+
-                    switch (true) {
-                        case !isset($versions['Header']):
-                        case !isset($versions['Library']):
-                        case $versions['Header'] == $versions['Library']:
-                            define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL);
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL);
-                            define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_DISABLE', true);
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case true:
-                    define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL);
-            }
-        }
-
-        $this->zero = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $this->one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
-
-        $this->hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+        $this->hash = new Hash('sha256');
         $this->hLen = $this->hash->getLength();
-        $this->hashName = 'sha1';
-        $this->mgfHash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+        $this->hashName = 'sha256';
+        $this->mgfHash = new Hash('sha256');
         $this->mgfHLen = $this->mgfHash->getLength();
     }
 
@@ -525,15 +396,33 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      *  - 'privatekey': The private key.
      *  - 'publickey':  The public key.
      *  - 'partialkey': A partially computed key (if the execution time exceeded $timeout).
-     *                  Will need to be passed back to Crypt_RSA::createKey() as the third parameter for further processing.
+     *                  Will need to be passed back to \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA::createKey() as the third parameter for further processing.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param optional Integer $bits
-     * @param optional Integer $timeout
-     * @param optional Math_BigInteger $p
+     * @param int $bits
+     * @param int $timeout
+     * @param array $p
      */
-    function createKey($bits = 1024, $timeout = false, $partial = array())
+    static function createKey($bits = 2048, $timeout = false, $partial = array())
     {
+        self::_initialize_static_variables();
+
+        if (!defined('CRYPT_RSA_MODE')) {
+            switch (true) {
+                // Math/BigInteger's openssl requirements are a little less stringent than Crypt/RSA's. in particular,
+                // Math/BigInteger doesn't require an openssl.cfg file whereas Crypt/RSA does. so if Math/BigInteger
+                // can't use OpenSSL it can be pretty trivially assumed, then, that Crypt/RSA can't either.
+                case defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_DISABLE'):
+                    define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', self::MODE_INTERNAL);
+                    break;
+                case extension_loaded('openssl') && file_exists(self::$configFile):
+                    define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', self::MODE_OPENSSL);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', self::MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
         if (!defined('CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT')) {
             // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65537_%28number%29
             define('CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT', '65537');
@@ -541,7 +430,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         // per <http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~hovav/dist/survey.pdf#page=5>, this number ought not result in primes smaller
         // than 256 bits. as a consequence if the key you're trying to create is 1024 bits and you've set CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME
         // to 384 bits then you're going to get a 384 bit prime and a 640 bit prime (384 + 1024 % 384). at least if
-        // CRYPT_RSA_MODE is set to CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL. if CRYPT_RSA_MODE is set to CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL then
+        // CRYPT_RSA_MODE is set to self::MODE_INTERNAL. if CRYPT_RSA_MODE is set to self::MODE_OPENSSL then
         // CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME is ignored (ie. multi-prime RSA support is more intended as a way to speed up RSA key
         // generation when there's a chance neither gmp nor OpenSSL are installed)
         if (!defined('CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME')) {
@@ -549,21 +438,23 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         }
 
         // OpenSSL uses 65537 as the exponent and requires RSA keys be 384 bits minimum
-        if ( CRYPT_RSA_MODE == CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL && $bits >= 384 && CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT == 65537) {
+        if (CRYPT_RSA_MODE == self::MODE_OPENSSL && $bits >= 384 && CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT == 65537) {
             $config = array();
-            if (isset($this->configFile)) {
-                $config['config'] = $this->configFile;
+            if (isset(self::$configFile)) {
+                $config['config'] = self::$configFile;
             }
             $rsa = openssl_pkey_new(array('private_key_bits' => $bits) + $config);
-            openssl_pkey_export($rsa, $privatekey, NULL, $config);
-            $publickey = openssl_pkey_get_details($rsa);
-            $publickey = $publickey['key'];
+            openssl_pkey_export($rsa, $privatekeystr, null, $config);
+            $privatekey = new RSA();
+            $privatekey->load($privatekeystr);
 
-            $privatekey = call_user_func_array(array($this, '_convertPrivateKey'), array_values($this->_parseKey($privatekey, CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1)));
-            $publickey = call_user_func_array(array($this, '_convertPublicKey'), array_values($this->_parseKey($publickey, CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)));
+            $publickeyarr = openssl_pkey_get_details($rsa);
+            $publickey = new RSA();
+            $publickey->load($publickeyarr['key']);
 
             // clear the buffer of error strings stemming from a minimalistic openssl.cnf
-            while (openssl_error_string() !== false);
+            while (openssl_error_string() !== false) {
+            }
 
             return array(
                 'privatekey' => $privatekey,
@@ -574,10 +465,10 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
 
         static $e;
         if (!isset($e)) {
-            $e = new Math_BigInteger(CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT);
+            $e = new BigInteger(CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT);
         }
 
-        extract($this->_generateMinMax($bits));
+        extract(self::_generateMinMax($bits));
         $absoluteMin = $min;
         $temp = $bits >> 1; // divide by two to see how many bits P and Q would be
         if ($temp > CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME) {
@@ -586,19 +477,17 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         } else {
             $num_primes = 2;
         }
-        extract($this->_generateMinMax($temp + $bits % $temp));
+        extract(self::_generateMinMax($temp + $bits % $temp));
         $finalMax = $max;
-        extract($this->_generateMinMax($temp));
+        extract(self::_generateMinMax($temp));
 
-        $generator = new Math_BigInteger();
-
-        $n = $this->one->copy();
+        $n = clone self::$one;
         if (!empty($partial)) {
             extract(unserialize($partial));
         } else {
             $exponents = $coefficients = $primes = array();
             $lcm = array(
-                'top' => $this->one->copy(),
+                'top' => clone self::$one,
                 'bottom' => false
             );
         }
@@ -627,12 +516,12 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
 
                 if ($i == $num_primes) {
                     list($min, $temp) = $absoluteMin->divide($n);
-                    if (!$temp->equals($this->zero)) {
-                        $min = $min->add($this->one); // ie. ceil()
+                    if (!$temp->equals(self::$zero)) {
+                        $min = $min->add(self::$one); // ie. ceil()
                     }
-                    $primes[$i] = $generator->randomPrime($min, $finalMax, $timeout);
+                    $primes[$i] = BigInteger::randomPrime($min, $finalMax, $timeout);
                 } else {
-                    $primes[$i] = $generator->randomPrime($min, $max, $timeout);
+                    $primes[$i] = BigInteger::randomPrime($min, $max, $timeout);
                 }
 
                 if ($primes[$i] === false) { // if we've reached the timeout
@@ -649,8 +538,8 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
                     }
 
                     return array(
-                        'privatekey' => '',
-                        'publickey'  => '',
+                        'privatekey' => false,
+                        'publickey'  => false,
                         'partialkey' => $partialkey
                     );
                 }
@@ -663,7 +552,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
 
                 $n = $n->multiply($primes[$i]);
 
-                $temp = $primes[$i]->subtract($this->one);
+                $temp = $primes[$i]->subtract(self::$one);
 
                 // textbook RSA implementations use Euler's totient function instead of the least common multiple.
                 // see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_totient_function
@@ -676,7 +565,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
             list($temp) = $lcm['top']->divide($lcm['bottom']);
             $gcd = $temp->gcd($e);
             $i0 = 1;
-        } while (!$gcd->equals($this->one));
+        } while (!$gcd->equals(self::$one));
 
         $d = $e->modInverse($temp);
 
@@ -695,691 +584,62 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         //     coefficient       INTEGER,  -- (inverse of q) mod p
         //     otherPrimeInfos   OtherPrimeInfos OPTIONAL
         // }
+        $privatekey = new RSA();
+        $privatekey->modulus = $n;
+        $privatekey->k = $bits >> 3;
+        $privatekey->publicExponent = $e;
+        $privatekey->exponent = $d;
+        $privatekey->privateExponent = $e;
+        $privatekey->primes = $primes;
+        $privatekey->exponents = $exponents;
+        $privatekey->coefficients = $coefficients;
+
+        $publickey = new RSA();
+        $publickey->modulus = $n;
+        $publickey->k = $bits >> 3;
+        $publickey->exponent = $e;
 
         return array(
-            'privatekey' => $this->_convertPrivateKey($n, $e, $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients),
-            'publickey'  => $this->_convertPublicKey($n, $e),
+            'privatekey' => $privatekey,
+            'publickey'  => $publickey,
             'partialkey' => false
         );
     }
 
     /**
-     * Convert a private key to the appropriate format.
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @see setPrivateKeyFormat()
-     * @param String $RSAPrivateKey
-     * @return String
-     */
-    function _convertPrivateKey($n, $e, $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients)
-    {
-        $num_primes = count($primes);
-        $raw = array(
-            'version' => $num_primes == 2 ? chr(0) : chr(1), // two-prime vs. multi
-            'modulus' => $n->toBytes(true),
-            'publicExponent' => $e->toBytes(true),
-            'privateExponent' => $d->toBytes(true),
-            'prime1' => $primes[1]->toBytes(true),
-            'prime2' => $primes[2]->toBytes(true),
-            'exponent1' => $exponents[1]->toBytes(true),
-            'exponent2' => $exponents[2]->toBytes(true),
-            'coefficient' => $coefficients[2]->toBytes(true)
-        );
-
-        // if the format in question does not support multi-prime rsa and multi-prime rsa was used,
-        // call _convertPublicKey() instead.
-        switch ($this->privateKeyFormat) {
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML:
-                if ($num_primes != 2) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return "<RSAKeyValue>\r\n" .
-                       '  <Modulus>' . base64_encode($raw['modulus']) . "</Modulus>\r\n" .
-                       '  <Exponent>' . base64_encode($raw['publicExponent']) . "</Exponent>\r\n" .
-                       '  <P>' . base64_encode($raw['prime1']) . "</P>\r\n" .
-                       '  <Q>' . base64_encode($raw['prime2']) . "</Q>\r\n" .
-                       '  <DP>' . base64_encode($raw['exponent1']) . "</DP>\r\n" .
-                       '  <DQ>' . base64_encode($raw['exponent2']) . "</DQ>\r\n" .
-                       '  <InverseQ>' . base64_encode($raw['coefficient']) . "</InverseQ>\r\n" .
-                       '  <D>' . base64_encode($raw['privateExponent']) . "</D>\r\n" .
-                       '</RSAKeyValue>';
-                break;
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY:
-                if ($num_primes != 2) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $key = "PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: ssh-rsa\r\nEncryption: ";
-                $encryption = (!empty($this->password) || is_string($this->password)) ? 'aes256-cbc' : 'none';
-                $key.= $encryption;
-                $key.= "\r\nComment: " . $this->comment . "\r\n";
-                $public = pack('Na*Na*Na*',
-                    strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($raw['publicExponent']), $raw['publicExponent'], strlen($raw['modulus']), $raw['modulus']
-                );
-                $source = pack('Na*Na*Na*Na*',
-                              strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($encryption), $encryption,
-                              strlen($this->comment), $this->comment, strlen($public), $public
-                );
-                $public = base64_encode($public);
-                $key.= "Public-Lines: " . ((strlen($public) + 32) >> 6) . "\r\n";
-                $key.= chunk_split($public, 64);
-                $private = pack('Na*Na*Na*Na*',
-                    strlen($raw['privateExponent']), $raw['privateExponent'], strlen($raw['prime1']), $raw['prime1'],
-                    strlen($raw['prime2']), $raw['prime2'], strlen($raw['coefficient']), $raw['coefficient']
-                );
-                if (empty($this->password) && !is_string($this->password)) {
-                    $source.= pack('Na*', strlen($private), $private);
-                    $hashkey = 'putty-private-key-file-mac-key';
-                } else {
-                    $private.= crypt_random_string(16 - (strlen($private) & 15));
-                    $source.= pack('Na*', strlen($private), $private);
-                    if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
-                        require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
-                    }
-                    $sequence = 0;
-                    $symkey = '';
-                    while (strlen($symkey) < 32) {
-                        $temp = pack('Na*', $sequence++, $this->password);
-                        $symkey.= pack('H*', sha1($temp));
-                    }
-                    $symkey = substr($symkey, 0, 32);
-                    $crypto = new Crypt_AES();
-
-                    $crypto->setKey($symkey);
-                    $crypto->disablePadding();
-                    $private = $crypto->encrypt($private);
-                    $hashkey = 'putty-private-key-file-mac-key' . $this->password;
-                }
-
-                $private = base64_encode($private);
-                $key.= 'Private-Lines: ' . ((strlen($private) + 32) >> 6) . "\r\n";
-                $key.= chunk_split($private, 64);
-                if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
-                    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
-                }
-                $hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
-                $hash->setKey(pack('H*', sha1($hashkey)));
-                $key.= 'Private-MAC: ' . bin2hex($hash->hash($source)) . "\r\n";
-
-                return $key;
-            default: // eg. CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1
-                $components = array();
-                foreach ($raw as $name => $value) {
-                    $components[$name] = pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($value)), $value);
-                }
-
-                $RSAPrivateKey = implode('', $components);
-
-                if ($num_primes > 2) {
-                    $OtherPrimeInfos = '';
-                    for ($i = 3; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
-                        // OtherPrimeInfos ::= SEQUENCE SIZE(1..MAX) OF OtherPrimeInfo
-                        //
-                        // OtherPrimeInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
-                        //     prime             INTEGER,  -- ri
-                        //     exponent          INTEGER,  -- di
-                        //     coefficient       INTEGER   -- ti
-                        // }
-                        $OtherPrimeInfo = pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($primes[$i]->toBytes(true))), $primes[$i]->toBytes(true));
-                        $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($exponents[$i]->toBytes(true))), $exponents[$i]->toBytes(true));
-                        $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true))), $coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true));
-                        $OtherPrimeInfos.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfo)), $OtherPrimeInfo);
-                    }
-                    $RSAPrivateKey.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfos)), $OtherPrimeInfos);
-                }
-
-                $RSAPrivateKey = pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)), $RSAPrivateKey);
-
-                if (!empty($this->password) || is_string($this->password)) {
-                    $iv = crypt_random_string(8);
-                    $symkey = pack('H*', md5($this->password . $iv)); // symkey is short for symmetric key
-                    $symkey.= substr(pack('H*', md5($symkey . $this->password . $iv)), 0, 8);
-                    if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
-                        require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
-                    }
-                    $des = new Crypt_TripleDES();
-                    $des->setKey($symkey);
-                    $des->setIV($iv);
-                    $iv = strtoupper(bin2hex($iv));
-                    $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
-                                     "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n" .
-                                     "DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,$iv\r\n" .
-                                     "\r\n" .
-                                     chunk_split(base64_encode($des->encrypt($RSAPrivateKey)), 64) .
-                                     '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----';
-                } else {
-                    $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
-                                     chunk_split(base64_encode($RSAPrivateKey), 64) .
-                                     '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----';
-                }
-
-                return $RSAPrivateKey;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @see setPublicKeyFormat()
-     * @param String $RSAPrivateKey
-     * @return String
-     */
-    function _convertPublicKey($n, $e)
-    {
-        $modulus = $n->toBytes(true);
-        $publicExponent = $e->toBytes(true);
-
-        switch ($this->publicKeyFormat) {
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW:
-                return array('e' => $e->copy(), 'n' => $n->copy());
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML:
-                return "<RSAKeyValue>\r\n" .
-                       '  <Modulus>' . base64_encode($modulus) . "</Modulus>\r\n" .
-                       '  <Exponent>' . base64_encode($publicExponent) . "</Exponent>\r\n" .
-                       '</RSAKeyValue>';
-                break;
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH:
-                // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#page-15>:
-                // string    "ssh-rsa"
-                // mpint     e
-                // mpint     n
-                $RSAPublicKey = pack('Na*Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($publicExponent), $publicExponent, strlen($modulus), $modulus);
-                $RSAPublicKey = 'ssh-rsa ' . base64_encode($RSAPublicKey) . ' ' . $this->comment;
-
-                return $RSAPublicKey;
-            default: // eg. CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1_RAW or CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1
-                // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-A.1.1>:
-                // RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE {
-                //     modulus           INTEGER,  -- n
-                //     publicExponent    INTEGER   -- e
-                // }
-                $components = array(
-                    'modulus' => pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($modulus)), $modulus),
-                    'publicExponent' => pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($publicExponent)), $publicExponent)
-                );
-
-                $RSAPublicKey = pack('Ca*a*a*',
-                    CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($components['modulus']) + strlen($components['publicExponent'])),
-                    $components['modulus'], $components['publicExponent']
-                );
-
-                if ($this->publicKeyFormat == CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1) {
-                    // sequence(oid(1.2.840.113549.1.1.1), null)) = rsaEncryption.
-                    $rsaOID = pack('H*', '300d06092a864886f70d0101010500'); // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
-                    $RSAPublicKey = chr(0) . $RSAPublicKey;
-                    $RSAPublicKey = chr(3) . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPublicKey)) . $RSAPublicKey;
-
-                    $RSAPublicKey = pack('Ca*a*',
-                        CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey)), $rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey
-                    );
-                }
-
-                $RSAPublicKey = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
-                                 chunk_split(base64_encode($RSAPublicKey), 64) .
-                                 '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
-
-                return $RSAPublicKey;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Break a public or private key down into its constituant components
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @see _convertPublicKey()
-     * @see _convertPrivateKey()
-     * @param String $key
-     * @param Integer $type
-     * @return Array
-     */
-    function _parseKey($key, $type)
-    {
-        if ($type != CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW && !is_string($key)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        switch ($type) {
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW:
-                if (!is_array($key)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $components = array();
-                switch (true) {
-                    case isset($key['e']):
-                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key['e']->copy();
-                        break;
-                    case isset($key['exponent']):
-                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key['exponent']->copy();
-                        break;
-                    case isset($key['publicExponent']):
-                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key['publicExponent']->copy();
-                        break;
-                    case isset($key[0]):
-                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key[0]->copy();
-                }
-                switch (true) {
-                    case isset($key['n']):
-                        $components['modulus'] = $key['n']->copy();
-                        break;
-                    case isset($key['modulo']):
-                        $components['modulus'] = $key['modulo']->copy();
-                        break;
-                    case isset($key['modulus']):
-                        $components['modulus'] = $key['modulus']->copy();
-                        break;
-                    case isset($key[1]):
-                        $components['modulus'] = $key[1]->copy();
-                }
-                return isset($components['modulus']) && isset($components['publicExponent']) ? $components : false;
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1:
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1:
-                /* Although PKCS#1 proposes a format that public and private keys can use, encrypting them is
-                   "outside the scope" of PKCS#1.  PKCS#1 then refers you to PKCS#12 and PKCS#15 if you're wanting to
-                   protect private keys, however, that's not what OpenSSL* does.  OpenSSL protects private keys by adding
-                   two new "fields" to the key - DEK-Info and Proc-Type.  These fields are discussed here:
-
-                   http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421#section-4.6.1.1
-                   http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421#section-4.6.1.3
-
-                   DES-EDE3-CBC as an algorithm, however, is not discussed anywhere, near as I can tell.
-                   DES-CBC and DES-EDE are discussed in RFC1423, however, DES-EDE3-CBC isn't, nor is its key derivation
-                   function.  As is, the definitive authority on this encoding scheme isn't the IETF but rather OpenSSL's
-                   own implementation.  ie. the implementation *is* the standard and any bugs that may exist in that 
-                   implementation are part of the standard, as well.
-
-                   * OpenSSL is the de facto standard.  It's utilized by OpenSSH and other projects */
-                if (preg_match('#DEK-Info: (.+),(.+)#', $key, $matches)) {
-                    $iv = pack('H*', trim($matches[2]));
-                    $symkey = pack('H*', md5($this->password . substr($iv, 0, 8))); // symkey is short for symmetric key
-                    $symkey.= pack('H*', md5($symkey . $this->password . substr($iv, 0, 8)));
-                    $ciphertext = preg_replace('#.+(\r|\n|\r\n)\1|[\r\n]|-.+-| #s', '', $key);
-                    $ciphertext = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $ciphertext) ? base64_decode($ciphertext) : false;
-                    if ($ciphertext === false) {
-                        $ciphertext = $key;
-                    }
-                    switch ($matches[1]) {
-                        case 'AES-256-CBC':
-                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
-                                require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
-                            }
-                            $crypto = new Crypt_AES();
-                            break;
-                        case 'AES-128-CBC':
-                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
-                                require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
-                            }
-                            $symkey = substr($symkey, 0, 16);
-                            $crypto = new Crypt_AES();
-                            break;
-                        case 'DES-EDE3-CFB':
-                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
-                                require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
-                            }
-                            $crypto = new Crypt_TripleDES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB);
-                            break;
-                        case 'DES-EDE3-CBC':
-                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
-                                require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
-                            }
-                            $symkey = substr($symkey, 0, 24);
-                            $crypto = new Crypt_TripleDES();
-                            break;
-                        case 'DES-CBC':
-                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_DES')) {
-                                require_once('Crypt/DES.php');
-                            }
-                            $crypto = new Crypt_DES();
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            return false;
-                    }
-                    $crypto->setKey($symkey);
-                    $crypto->setIV($iv);
-                    $decoded = $crypto->decrypt($ciphertext);
-                } else {
-                    $decoded = preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]| #', '', $key);
-                    $decoded = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $decoded) ? base64_decode($decoded) : false;
-                }
-
-                if ($decoded !== false) {
-                    $key = $decoded;
-                }
-
-                $components = array();
-
-                if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if ($this->_decodeLength($key) != strlen($key)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                $tag = ord($this->_string_shift($key));
-                /* intended for keys for which OpenSSL's asn1parse returns the following:
-
-                    0:d=0  hl=4 l= 631 cons: SEQUENCE
-                    4:d=1  hl=2 l=   1 prim:  INTEGER           :00
-                    7:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
-                    9:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :rsaEncryption
-                   20:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
-                   22:d=1  hl=4 l= 609 prim:  OCTET STRING */
-
-                if ($tag == CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER && substr($key, 0, 3) == "\x01\x00\x30") {
-                    $this->_string_shift($key, 3);
-                    $tag = CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
-                }
-
-                if ($tag == CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
-                    /* intended for keys for which OpenSSL's asn1parse returns the following:
-
-                        0:d=0  hl=4 l= 290 cons: SEQUENCE
-                        4:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
-                        6:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :rsaEncryption
-                       17:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
-                       19:d=1  hl=4 l= 271 prim:  BIT STRING */
-                    $this->_string_shift($key, $this->_decodeLength($key));
-                    $tag = ord($this->_string_shift($key)); // skip over the BIT STRING / OCTET STRING tag
-                    $this->_decodeLength($key); // skip over the BIT STRING / OCTET STRING length
-                    // "The initial octet shall encode, as an unsigned binary integer wtih bit 1 as the least significant bit, the number of
-                    //  unused bits in the final subsequent octet. The number shall be in the range zero to seven."
-                    //  -- http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf (section 8.6.2.2)
-                    if ($tag == CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_BITSTRING) {
-                        $this->_string_shift($key);
-                    }
-                    if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                    if ($this->_decodeLength($key) != strlen($key)) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                    $tag = ord($this->_string_shift($key));
-                }
-                if ($tag != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $temp = $this->_string_shift($key, $length);
-                if (strlen($temp) != 1 || ord($temp) > 2) {
-                    $components['modulus'] = new Math_BigInteger($temp, 256);
-                    $this->_string_shift($key); // skip over CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER
-                    $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                    $components[$type == CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1 ? 'publicExponent' : 'privateExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-
-                    return $components;
-                }
-                if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['modulus'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                $this->_string_shift($key);
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['publicExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                $this->_string_shift($key);
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['privateExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                $this->_string_shift($key);
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['primes'] = array(1 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
-                $this->_string_shift($key);
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['primes'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                $this->_string_shift($key);
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['exponents'] = array(1 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
-                $this->_string_shift($key);
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['exponents'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                $this->_string_shift($key);
-                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                $components['coefficients'] = array(2 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
-
-                if (!empty($key)) {
-                    if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                    $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                    while (!empty($key)) {
-                        if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                        $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                        $key = substr($key, 1);
-                        $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                        $components['primes'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                        $this->_string_shift($key);
-                        $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                        $components['exponents'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                        $this->_string_shift($key);
-                        $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
-                        $components['coefficients'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return $components;
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH:
-                $parts = explode(' ', $key, 3);
-
-                $key = isset($parts[1]) ? base64_decode($parts[1]) : false;
-                if ($key === false) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                $comment = isset($parts[2]) ? $parts[2] : false;
-
-                $cleanup = substr($key, 0, 11) == "\0\0\0\7ssh-rsa";
-
-                if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($key, 4)));
-                $publicExponent = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
-                if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($key, 4)));
-                $modulus = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
-
-                if ($cleanup && strlen($key)) {
-                    if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($key, 4)));
-                    $realModulus = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
-                    return strlen($key) ? false : array(
-                        'modulus' => $realModulus,
-                        'publicExponent' => $modulus,
-                        'comment' => $comment
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    return strlen($key) ? false : array(
-                        'modulus' => $modulus,
-                        'publicExponent' => $publicExponent,
-                        'comment' => $comment
-                    );
-                }
-            // http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/#sec-RSAKeyValue
-            // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Signature
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML:
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML:
-                $this->components = array();
-
-                $xml = xml_parser_create('UTF-8');
-                xml_set_object($xml, $this);
-                xml_set_element_handler($xml, '_start_element_handler', '_stop_element_handler');
-                xml_set_character_data_handler($xml, '_data_handler');
-                // add <xml></xml> to account for "dangling" tags like <BitStrength>...</BitStrength> that are sometimes added
-                if (!xml_parse($xml, '<xml>' . $key . '</xml>')) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                return isset($this->components['modulus']) && isset($this->components['publicExponent']) ? $this->components : false;
-            // from PuTTY's SSHPUBK.C
-            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY:
-                $components = array();
-                $key = preg_split('#\r\n|\r|\n#', $key);
-                $type = trim(preg_replace('#PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: (.+)#', '$1', $key[0]));
-                if ($type != 'ssh-rsa') {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $encryption = trim(preg_replace('#Encryption: (.+)#', '$1', $key[1]));
-                $comment = trim(preg_replace('#Comment: (.+)#', '$1', $key[2]));
-
-                $publicLength = trim(preg_replace('#Public-Lines: (\d+)#', '$1', $key[3]));
-                $public = base64_decode(implode('', array_map('trim', array_slice($key, 4, $publicLength))));
-                $public = substr($public, 11);
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($public, 4)));
-                $components['publicExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($public, $length), -256);
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($public, 4)));
-                $components['modulus'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($public, $length), -256);
-
-                $privateLength = trim(preg_replace('#Private-Lines: (\d+)#', '$1', $key[$publicLength + 4]));
-                $private = base64_decode(implode('', array_map('trim', array_slice($key, $publicLength + 5, $privateLength))));
-
-                switch ($encryption) {
-                    case 'aes256-cbc':
-                        if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
-                            require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
-                        }
-                        $symkey = '';
-                        $sequence = 0;
-                        while (strlen($symkey) < 32) {
-                            $temp = pack('Na*', $sequence++, $this->password);
-                            $symkey.= pack('H*', sha1($temp));
-                        }
-                        $symkey = substr($symkey, 0, 32);
-                        $crypto = new Crypt_AES();
-                }
-
-                if ($encryption != 'none') {
-                    $crypto->setKey($symkey);
-                    $crypto->disablePadding();
-                    $private = $crypto->decrypt($private);
-                    if ($private === false) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
-                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $components['privateExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256);
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
-                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $components['primes'] = array(1 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256));
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
-                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $components['primes'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256);
-
-                $temp = $components['primes'][1]->subtract($this->one);
-                $components['exponents'] = array(1 => $components['publicExponent']->modInverse($temp));
-                $temp = $components['primes'][2]->subtract($this->one);
-                $components['exponents'][] = $components['publicExponent']->modInverse($temp);
-
-                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
-                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                $components['coefficients'] = array(2 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256));
-
-                return $components;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the key size
+     * Add a fileformat plugin
      *
-     * More specifically, this returns the size of the modulo in bits.
+     * The plugin needs to either already be loaded or be auto-loadable.
+     * Loading a plugin whose shortname overwrite an existing shortname will overwrite the old plugin.
      *
+     * @see self::load()
+     * @param string $fullname
      * @access public
-     * @return Integer
-     */
-    function getSize()
-    {
-        return !isset($this->modulus) ? 0 : strlen($this->modulus->toBits());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Start Element Handler
-     *
-     * Called by xml_set_element_handler()
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param Resource $parser
-     * @param String $name
-     * @param Array $attribs
-     */
-    function _start_element_handler($parser, $name, $attribs)
-    {
-        //$name = strtoupper($name);
-        switch ($name) {
-            case 'MODULUS':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['modulus'];
-                break;
-            case 'EXPONENT':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['publicExponent'];
-                break;
-            case 'P':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['primes'][1];
-                break;
-            case 'Q':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['primes'][2];
-                break;
-            case 'DP':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['exponents'][1];
-                break;
-            case 'DQ':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['exponents'][2];
-                break;
-            case 'INVERSEQ':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['coefficients'][2];
-                break;
-            case 'D':
-                $this->current = &$this->components['privateExponent'];
-        }
-        $this->current = '';
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Stop Element Handler
-     *
-     * Called by xml_set_element_handler()
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param Resource $parser
-     * @param String $name
+     * @return bool
      */
-    function _stop_element_handler($parser, $name)
+    static function addFileFormat($fullname)
     {
-        //$name = strtoupper($name);
-        if ($name == 'RSAKEYVALUE') {
-            return;
+        self::_initialize_static_variables();
+
+        if (class_exists($fullname)) {
+            $meta = new \ReflectionClass($path);
+            $shortname = $meta->getShortName();
+            self::$fileFormats[strtolower($shortname)] = $fullname;
+            self::$origFileFormats[] = $shortname;
         }
-        $this->current = new Math_BigInteger(base64_decode($this->current), 256);
-        unset($this->current);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Data Handler
-     *
-     * Called by xml_set_character_data_handler()
+     * Returns a list of supported formats.
      *
-     * @access private
-     * @param Resource $parser
-     * @param String $data
+     * @access public
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _data_handler($parser, $data)
+    static function getSupportedFormats()
     {
-        if (!isset($this->current) || is_object($this->current)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->current.= trim($data);
+        self::_initialize_static_variables();
+
+        return self::$origFileFormats;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1388,37 +648,85 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * Returns true on success and false on failure (ie. an incorrect password was provided or the key was malformed)
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param String $key
-     * @param Integer $type optional
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param int $type optional
      */
-    function loadKey($key, $type = false)
+    function load($key, $type = false)
     {
+        if ($key instanceof RSA) {
+            $this->privateKeyFormat = $key->privateKeyFormat;
+            $this->publicKeyFormat = $key->publicKeyFormat;
+            $this->k = $key->k;
+            $this->hLen = $key->hLen;
+            $this->sLen = $key->sLen;
+            $this->mgfHLen = $key->mgfHLen;
+            $this->password = $key->password;
+
+            if (is_object($key->hash)) {
+                $this->hash = new Hash($key->hash->getHash());
+            }
+            if (is_object($key->mgfHash)) {
+                $this->mgfHash = new Hash($key->mgfHash->getHash());
+            }
+
+            if (is_object($key->modulus)) {
+                $this->modulus = clone $key->modulus;
+            }
+            if (is_object($key->exponent)) {
+                $this->exponent = clone $key->exponent;
+            }
+            if (is_object($key->publicExponent)) {
+                $this->publicExponent = clone $key->publicExponent;
+            }
+
+            $this->primes = array();
+            $this->exponents = array();
+            $this->coefficients = array();
+
+            foreach ($this->primes as $prime) {
+                $this->primes[] = clone $prime;
+            }
+            foreach ($this->exponents as $exponent) {
+                $this->exponents[] = clone $exponent;
+            }
+            foreach ($this->coefficients as $coefficient) {
+                $this->coefficients[] = clone $coefficient;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $components = false;
         if ($type === false) {
-            $types = array(
-                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW,
-                CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1,
-                CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML,
-                CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY,
-                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH
-            );
-            foreach ($types as $type) {
-                $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+            foreach (self::$fileFormats as $format) {
+                try {
+                    $components = $format::load($key, $this->password);
+                } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                    $components = false;
+                }
                 if ($components !== false) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            
         } else {
-            $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+            $format = strtolower($type);
+            if (isset(self::$fileFormats[$format])) {
+                $format = self::$fileFormats[$format];
+                try {
+                    $components = $format::load($key, $this->password);
+                } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                    $components = false;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         if ($components === false) {
+            $this->format = false;
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (isset($components['comment']) && $components['comment'] !== false) {
-            $this->comment = $components['comment'];
-        }
+        $this->format = $format;
+
         $this->modulus = $components['modulus'];
         $this->k = strlen($this->modulus->toBytes());
         $this->exponent = isset($components['privateExponent']) ? $components['privateExponent'] : $components['publicExponent'];
@@ -1434,19 +742,88 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
             $this->publicExponent = false;
         }
 
+        if ($components['isPublicKey']) {
+            $this->setPublicKey();
+        }
+
         return true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the format of the loaded key.
+     *
+     * If the key that was loaded wasn't in a valid or if the key was auto-generated
+     * with RSA::createKey() then this will return false.
+     *
+     * @see self::load()
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getLoadedFormat()
+    {
+        if ($this->format === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $meta = new \ReflectionClass($this->format);
+        return $meta->getShortName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the private key
+     *
+     * The private key is only returned if the currently loaded key contains the constituent prime numbers.
+     *
+     * @see self::getPublicKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $type optional
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getPrivateKey($type = 'PKCS1')
+    {
+        $type = strtolower($type);
+        if (!isset(self::$fileFormats[$type])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $type = self::$fileFormats[$type];
+        if (!method_exists($type, 'savePrivateKey')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (empty($this->primes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $oldFormat = $this->privateKeyFormat;
+        $this->privateKeyFormat = $type;
+        $temp = $type::savePrivateKey($this->modulus, $this->publicExponent, $this->exponent, $this->primes, $this->exponents, $this->coefficients, $this->password);
+        $this->privateKeyFormat = $oldFormat;
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the key size
+     *
+     * More specifically, this returns the size of the modulo in bits.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return int
+     */
+    function getSize()
+    {
+        return !isset($this->modulus) ? 0 : strlen($this->modulus->toBits());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the password
      *
      * Private keys can be encrypted with a password.  To unset the password, pass in the empty string or false.
      * Or rather, pass in $password such that empty($password) && !is_string($password) is true.
      *
-     * @see createKey()
-     * @see loadKey()
+     * @see self::createKey()
+     * @see self::load()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $password
+     * @param string $password
      */
     function setPassword($password = false)
     {
@@ -1460,46 +837,66 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * used in certain contexts.  For example, in SSH-2, RSA authentication works by sending the public key along with a
      * message signed by the private key to the server.  The SSH-2 server looks the public key up in an index of public keys
      * and if it's present then proceeds to verify the signature.  Problem is, if your private key doesn't include the public
-     * exponent this won't work unless you manually add the public exponent.
+     * exponent this won't work unless you manually add the public exponent. phpseclib tries to guess if the key being used
+     * is the public key but in the event that it guesses incorrectly you might still want to explicitly set the key as being
+     * public.
      *
      * Do note that when a new key is loaded the index will be cleared.
      *
      * Returns true on success, false on failure
      *
-     * @see getPublicKey()
+     * @see self::getPublicKey()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $key optional
-     * @param Integer $type optional
-     * @return Boolean
+     * @param string $key optional
+     * @param int $type optional
+     * @return bool
      */
     function setPublicKey($key = false, $type = false)
     {
+        // if a public key has already been loaded return false
+        if (!empty($this->publicExponent)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if ($key === false && !empty($this->modulus)) {
             $this->publicExponent = $this->exponent;
             return true;
         }
 
+        $components = false;
         if ($type === false) {
-            $types = array(
-                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW,
-                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1,
-                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML,
-                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH
-            );
-            foreach ($types as $type) {
-                $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+            foreach (self::$fileFormats as $format) {
+                if (!method_exists($format, 'savePublicKey')) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    $components = $format::load($key, $this->password);
+                } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                    $components = false;
+                }
                 if ($components !== false) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+            $format = strtolower($type);
+            if (isset(self::$fileFormats[$format])) {
+                $format = self::$fileFormats[$format];
+                try {
+                    $components = $format::load($key, $this->password);
+                } catch (\Exception $e) {
+                    $components = false;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         if ($components === false) {
+            $this->format = false;
             return false;
         }
 
+        $this->format = $format;
+
         if (empty($this->modulus) || !$this->modulus->equals($components['modulus'])) {
             $this->modulus = $components['modulus'];
             $this->exponent = $this->publicExponent = $components['publicExponent'];
@@ -1511,6 +908,40 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         return true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Defines the private key
+     *
+     * If phpseclib guessed a private key was a public key and loaded it as such it might be desirable to force
+     * phpseclib to treat the key as a private key. This function will do that.
+     *
+     * Do note that when a new key is loaded the index will be cleared.
+     *
+     * Returns true on success, false on failure
+     *
+     * @see self::getPublicKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $key optional
+     * @param int $type optional
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function setPrivateKey($key = false, $type = false)
+    {
+        if ($key === false && !empty($this->publicExponent)) {
+            $this->publicExponent = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $rsa = new RSA();
+        if (!$rsa->load($key, $type)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $rsa->publicExponent = false;
+
+        // don't overwrite the old key if the new key is invalid
+        $this->load($rsa);
+        return true;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the public key
      *
@@ -1518,45 +949,66 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * or if the public key was set via setPublicKey().  If the currently loaded key is supposed to be the public key this
      * function won't return it since this library, for the most part, doesn't distinguish between public and private keys.
      *
-     * @see getPublicKey()
+     * @see self::getPrivateKey()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $key
-     * @param Integer $type optional
+     * @param string $type optional
+     * @return mixed
      */
-    function getPublicKey($type = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)
+    function getPublicKey($type = 'PKCS8')
     {
+        $type = strtolower($type);
+        if (!isset(self::$fileFormats[$type])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $type = self::$fileFormats[$type];
+        if (!method_exists($type, 'savePublicKey')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->publicExponent)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         $oldFormat = $this->publicKeyFormat;
         $this->publicKeyFormat = $type;
-        $temp = $this->_convertPublicKey($this->modulus, $this->publicExponent);
+        $temp = $type::savePublicKey($this->modulus, $this->publicExponent);
         $this->publicKeyFormat = $oldFormat;
         return $temp;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the private key
+     * Returns the public key's fingerprint
      *
-     * The private key is only returned if the currently loaded key contains the constituent prime numbers.
+     * The public key's fingerprint is returned, which is equivalent to running `ssh-keygen -lf rsa.pub`. If there is
+     * no public key currently loaded, false is returned.
+     * Example output (md5): "c1:b1:30:29:d7:b8:de:6c:97:77:10:d7:46:41:63:87" (as specified by RFC 4716)
      *
-     * @see getPublicKey()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $key
-     * @param Integer $type optional
+     * @param string $algorithm The hashing algorithm to be used. Valid options are 'md5' and 'sha256'. False is returned
+     * for invalid values.
+     * @return mixed
      */
-    function getPrivateKey($type = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)
+    function getPublicKeyFingerprint($algorithm = 'md5')
     {
-        if (empty($this->primes)) {
+        if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->publicExponent)) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        $oldFormat = $this->privateKeyFormat;
-        $this->privateKeyFormat = $type;
-        $temp = $this->_convertPrivateKey($this->modulus, $this->publicExponent, $this->exponent, $this->primes, $this->exponents, $this->coefficients);
-        $this->privateKeyFormat = $oldFormat;
-        return $temp;
+        $modulus = $this->modulus->toBytes(true);
+        $publicExponent = $this->publicExponent->toBytes(true);
+
+        $RSAPublicKey = pack('Na*Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($publicExponent), $publicExponent, strlen($modulus), $modulus);
+
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'sha256':
+                $hash = new Hash('sha256');
+                $base = Base64::encode($hash->hash($RSAPublicKey));
+                return substr($base, 0, strlen($base) - 1);
+            case 'md5':
+                return substr(chunk_split(md5($RSAPublicKey), 2, ':'), 0, -1);
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1565,47 +1017,71 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * Returns the private key without the prime number constituants.  Structurally identical to a public key that
      * hasn't been set as the public key
      *
-     * @see getPrivateKey()
+     * @see self::getPrivateKey()
      * @access private
-     * @param String $key
-     * @param Integer $type optional
+     * @param string $type optional
+     * @return mixed
      */
-    function _getPrivatePublicKey($mode = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)
+    function _getPrivatePublicKey($type = 'PKCS8')
     {
+        $type = strtolower($type);
+        if (!isset(self::$fileFormats[$type])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $type = self::$fileFormats[$type];
+        if (!method_exists($type, 'savePublicKey')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->exponent)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         $oldFormat = $this->publicKeyFormat;
-        $this->publicKeyFormat = $mode;
-        $temp = $this->_convertPublicKey($this->modulus, $this->exponent);
+        $this->publicKeyFormat = $type;
+        $temp = $type::savePublicKey($this->modulus, $this->exponent);
         $this->publicKeyFormat = $oldFormat;
         return $temp;
     }
 
+
     /**
-     *  __toString() magic method
+     * __toString() magic method
      *
      * @access public
+     * @return string
      */
     function __toString()
     {
         $key = $this->getPrivateKey($this->privateKeyFormat);
-        if ($key !== false) {
+        if (is_string($key)) {
             return $key;
         }
         $key = $this->_getPrivatePublicKey($this->publicKeyFormat);
-        return $key !== false ? $key : '';
+        return is_string($key) ? $key : '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * __clone() magic method
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA
+     */
+    function __clone()
+    {
+        $key = new RSA();
+        $key->load($this);
+        return $key;
     }
 
     /**
      * Generates the smallest and largest numbers requiring $bits bits
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Integer $bits
-     * @return Array
+     * @param int $bits
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _generateMinMax($bits)
+    static function _generateMinMax($bits)
     {
         $bytes = $bits >> 3;
         $min = str_repeat(chr(0), $bytes);
@@ -1619,8 +1095,8 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         }
 
         return array(
-            'min' => new Math_BigInteger($min, 256),
-            'max' => new Math_BigInteger($max, 256)
+            'min' => new BigInteger($min, 256),
+            'max' => new BigInteger($max, 256)
         );
     }
 
@@ -1631,13 +1107,13 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 paragraph 8.1.3} for more information.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $string
-     * @return Integer
+     * @param string $string
+     * @return int
      */
     function _decodeLength(&$string)
     {
         $length = ord($this->_string_shift($string));
-        if ( $length & 0x80 ) { // definite length, long form
+        if ($length & 0x80) { // definite length, long form
             $length&= 0x7F;
             $temp = $this->_string_shift($string, $length);
             list(, $length) = unpack('N', substr(str_pad($temp, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -4));
@@ -1652,8 +1128,8 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 paragraph 8.1.3} for more information.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Integer $length
-     * @return String
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
      */
     function _encodeLength($length)
     {
@@ -1670,9 +1146,9 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      *
      * Inspired by array_shift
      *
-     * @param String $string
-     * @param optional Integer $index
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
      * @access private
      */
     function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
@@ -1685,9 +1161,9 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Determines the private key format
      *
-     * @see createKey()
+     * @see self::createKey()
      * @access public
-     * @param Integer $format
+     * @param int $format
      */
     function setPrivateKeyFormat($format)
     {
@@ -1697,9 +1173,9 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Determines the public key format
      *
-     * @see createKey()
+     * @see self::createKey()
      * @access public
-     * @param Integer $format
+     * @param int $format
      */
     function setPublicKeyFormat($format)
     {
@@ -1709,15 +1185,15 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Determines which hashing function should be used
      *
-     * Used with signature production / verification and (if the encryption mode is CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP) encryption and
-     * decryption.  If $hash isn't supported, sha1 is used.
+     * Used with signature production / verification and (if the encryption mode is self::PADDING_OAEP) encryption and
+     * decryption.  If $hash isn't supported, sha256 is used.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param String $hash
+     * @param string $hash
      */
     function setHash($hash)
     {
-        // Crypt_Hash supports algorithms that PKCS#1 doesn't support.  md5-96 and sha1-96, for example.
+        // \phpseclib\Crypt\Hash supports algorithms that PKCS#1 doesn't support.  md5-96 and sha1-96, for example.
         switch ($hash) {
             case 'md2':
             case 'md5':
@@ -1725,12 +1201,15 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
             case 'sha256':
             case 'sha384':
             case 'sha512':
-                $this->hash = new Crypt_Hash($hash);
+            case 'sha224':
+            case 'sha512/224':
+            case 'sha512/256':
+                $this->hash = new Hash($hash);
                 $this->hashName = $hash;
                 break;
             default:
-                $this->hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
-                $this->hashName = 'sha1';
+                $this->hash = new Hash('sha256');
+                $this->hashName = 'sha256';
         }
         $this->hLen = $this->hash->getLength();
     }
@@ -1738,15 +1217,15 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Determines which hashing function should be used for the mask generation function
      *
-     * The mask generation function is used by CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP and CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS and although it's
+     * The mask generation function is used by self::PADDING_OAEP and self::PADDING_PSS and although it's
      * best if Hash and MGFHash are set to the same thing this is not a requirement.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param String $hash
+     * @param string $hash
      */
     function setMGFHash($hash)
     {
-        // Crypt_Hash supports algorithms that PKCS#1 doesn't support.  md5-96 and sha1-96, for example.
+        // \phpseclib\Crypt\Hash supports algorithms that PKCS#1 doesn't support.  md5-96 and sha1-96, for example.
         switch ($hash) {
             case 'md2':
             case 'md5':
@@ -1754,10 +1233,13 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
             case 'sha256':
             case 'sha384':
             case 'sha512':
-                $this->mgfHash = new Crypt_Hash($hash);
+            case 'sha224':
+            case 'sha512/224':
+            case 'sha512/256':
+                $this->mgfHash = new Hash($hash);
                 break;
             default:
-                $this->mgfHash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+                $this->mgfHash = new Hash('sha256');
         }
         $this->mgfHLen = $this->mgfHash->getLength();
     }
@@ -1771,7 +1253,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      *    of the hash function Hash) and 0.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param Integer $format
+     * @param int $format
      */
     function setSaltLength($sLen)
     {
@@ -1784,15 +1266,17 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-4.1 RFC3447#section-4.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
-     * @param Integer $xLen
-     * @return String
+     * @param bool|\phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
+     * @param int $xLen
+     * @return bool|string
      */
     function _i2osp($x, $xLen)
     {
+        if ($x === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
         $x = $x->toBytes();
         if (strlen($x) > $xLen) {
-            user_error('Integer too large');
             return false;
         }
         return str_pad($x, $xLen, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
@@ -1804,12 +1288,12 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-4.2 RFC3447#section-4.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $x
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param string $x
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _os2ip($x)
     {
-        return new Math_BigInteger($x, 256);
+        return new BigInteger($x, 256);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1818,13 +1302,19 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.1.1 RFC3447#section-5.1.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _exponentiate($x)
     {
-        if (empty($this->primes) || empty($this->coefficients) || empty($this->exponents)) {
-            return $x->modPow($this->exponent, $this->modulus);
+        switch (true) {
+            case empty($this->primes):
+            case $this->primes[1]->equals(self::$zero):
+            case empty($this->coefficients):
+            case $this->coefficients[2]->equals(self::$zero):
+            case empty($this->exponents):
+            case $this->exponents[1]->equals(self::$zero):
+                return $x->modPow($this->exponent, $this->modulus);
         }
 
         $num_primes = count($this->primes);
@@ -1859,9 +1349,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
                 }
             }
 
-            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
-
-            $r = $one->random($one, $smallest->subtract($one));
+            $r = BigInteger::random(self::$one, $smallest->subtract(self::$one));
 
             $m_i = array(
                 1 => $this->_blind($x, $r, 1),
@@ -1896,10 +1384,10 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * Returns $x->modPow($this->exponents[$i], $this->primes[$i])
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $r
-     * @param Integer $i
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $r
+     * @param int $i
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _blind($x, $r, $i)
     {
@@ -1923,9 +1411,9 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * Thanks for the heads up singpolyma!
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $x
-     * @param String $y
-     * @return Boolean
+     * @param string $x
+     * @param string $y
+     * @return bool
      */
     function _equals($x, $y)
     {
@@ -1947,13 +1435,12 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.1.1 RFC3447#section-5.1.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $m
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $m
+     * @return bool|\phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _rsaep($m)
     {
-        if ($m->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $m->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
-            user_error('Message representative out of range');
+        if ($m->compare(self::$zero) < 0 || $m->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
             return false;
         }
         return $this->_exponentiate($m);
@@ -1965,13 +1452,12 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.1.2 RFC3447#section-5.1.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $c
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $c
+     * @return bool|\phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _rsadp($c)
     {
-        if ($c->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $c->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
-            user_error('Ciphertext representative out of range');
+        if ($c->compare(self::$zero) < 0 || $c->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
             return false;
         }
         return $this->_exponentiate($c);
@@ -1983,13 +1469,12 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.2.1 RFC3447#section-5.2.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $m
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $m
+     * @return bool|\phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _rsasp1($m)
     {
-        if ($m->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $m->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
-            user_error('Message representative out of range');
+        if ($m->compare(self::$zero) < 0 || $m->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
             return false;
         }
         return $this->_exponentiate($m);
@@ -2001,13 +1486,12 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.2.2 RFC3447#section-5.2.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $s
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $s
+     * @return bool|\phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _rsavp1($s)
     {
-        if ($s->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $s->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
-            user_error('Signature representative out of range');
+        if ($s->compare(self::$zero) < 0 || $s->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
             return false;
         }
         return $this->_exponentiate($s);
@@ -2019,9 +1503,9 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-B.2.1 RFC3447#appendix-B.2.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $mgfSeed
-     * @param Integer $mgfLen
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $mgfSeed
+     * @param int $mgfLen
+     * @return string
      */
     function _mgf1($mgfSeed, $maskLen)
     {
@@ -2044,9 +1528,10 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding OAES}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @param String $l
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @param string $l
+     * @throws \OutOfBoundsException if strlen($m) > $this->k - 2 * $this->hLen - 2
+     * @return string
      */
     function _rsaes_oaep_encrypt($m, $l = '')
     {
@@ -2058,8 +1543,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         // be output.
 
         if ($mLen > $this->k - 2 * $this->hLen - 2) {
-            user_error('Message too long');
-            return false;
+            throw new \OutOfBoundsException('Message too long');
         }
 
         // EME-OAEP encoding
@@ -2067,7 +1551,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         $lHash = $this->hash->hash($l);
         $ps = str_repeat(chr(0), $this->k - $mLen - 2 * $this->hLen - 2);
         $db = $lHash . $ps . chr(1) . $m;
-        $seed = crypt_random_string($this->hLen);
+        $seed = Random::string($this->hLen);
         $dbMask = $this->_mgf1($seed, $this->k - $this->hLen - 1);
         $maskedDB = $db ^ $dbMask;
         $seedMask = $this->_mgf1($maskedDB, $this->hLen);
@@ -2090,7 +1574,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      *
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-7.1.2 RFC3447#section-7.1.2}.  The fact that the error
      * messages aren't distinguishable from one another hinders debugging, but, to quote from RFC3447#section-7.1.2:
-     * 
+     *
      *    Note.  Care must be taken to ensure that an opponent cannot
      *    distinguish the different error conditions in Step 3.g, whether by
      *    error message or timing, or, more generally, learn partial
@@ -2107,9 +1591,9 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      *    this document.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $c
-     * @param String $l
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $c
+     * @param string $l
+     * @return bool|string
      */
     function _rsaes_oaep_decrypt($c, $l = '')
     {
@@ -2119,7 +1603,6 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         // be output.
 
         if (strlen($c) != $this->k || $this->k < 2 * $this->hLen + 2) {
-            user_error('Decryption error');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2127,11 +1610,10 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
 
         $c = $this->_os2ip($c);
         $m = $this->_rsadp($c);
-        if ($m === false) {
-            user_error('Decryption error');
+        $em = $this->_i2osp($m, $this->k);
+        if ($em === false) {
             return false;
         }
-        $em = $this->_i2osp($m, $this->k);
 
         // EME-OAEP decoding
 
@@ -2146,12 +1628,10 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         $lHash2 = substr($db, 0, $this->hLen);
         $m = substr($db, $this->hLen);
         if ($lHash != $lHash2) {
-            user_error('Decryption error');
             return false;
         }
         $m = ltrim($m, chr(0));
         if (ord($m[0]) != 1) {
-            user_error('Decryption error');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2160,24 +1640,46 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         return substr($m, 1);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Raw Encryption / Decryption
+     *
+     * Doesn't use padding and is not recommended.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $m
+     * @return bool|string
+     * @throws \OutOfBoundsException if strlen($m) > $this->k
+     */
+    function _raw_encrypt($m)
+    {
+        if (strlen($m) > $this->k) {
+            throw new \OutOfBoundsException('Message too long');
+        }
+
+        $temp = $this->_os2ip($m);
+        $temp = $this->_rsaep($temp);
+        return  $this->_i2osp($temp, $this->k);
+    }
+
     /**
      * RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5-ENCRYPT
      *
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-7.2.1 RFC3447#section-7.2.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @param bool $pkcs15_compat optional
+     * @throws \OutOfBoundsException if strlen($m) > $this->k - 11
+     * @return bool|string
      */
-    function _rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_encrypt($m)
+    function _rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_encrypt($m, $pkcs15_compat = false)
     {
         $mLen = strlen($m);
 
         // Length checking
 
         if ($mLen > $this->k - 11) {
-            user_error('Message too long');
-            return false;
+            throw new \OutOfBoundsException('Message too long');
         }
 
         // EME-PKCS1-v1_5 encoding
@@ -2185,13 +1687,13 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         $psLen = $this->k - $mLen - 3;
         $ps = '';
         while (strlen($ps) != $psLen) {
-            $temp = crypt_random_string($psLen - strlen($ps));
+            $temp = Random::string($psLen - strlen($ps));
             $temp = str_replace("\x00", '', $temp);
             $ps.= $temp;
         }
         $type = 2;
         // see the comments of _rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_decrypt() to understand why this is being done
-        if (defined('CRYPT_RSA_PKCS15_COMPAT') && (!isset($this->publicExponent) || $this->exponent !== $this->publicExponent)) {
+        if ($pkcs15_compat && (!isset($this->publicExponent) || $this->exponent !== $this->publicExponent)) {
             $type = 1;
             // "The padding string PS shall consist of k-3-||D|| octets. ... for block type 01, they shall have value FF"
             $ps = str_repeat("\xFF", $psLen);
@@ -2213,27 +1715,26 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      *
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-7.2.2 RFC3447#section-7.2.2}.
      *
-     * For compatability purposes, this function departs slightly from the description given in RFC3447.
+     * For compatibility purposes, this function departs slightly from the description given in RFC3447.
      * The reason being that RFC2313#section-8.1 (PKCS#1 v1.5) states that ciphertext's encrypted by the
      * private key should have the second byte set to either 0 or 1 and that ciphertext's encrypted by the
      * public key should have the second byte set to 2.  In RFC3447 (PKCS#1 v2.1), the second byte is supposed
-     * to be 2 regardless of which key is used.  For compatability purposes, we'll just check to make sure the
+     * to be 2 regardless of which key is used.  For compatibility purposes, we'll just check to make sure the
      * second byte is 2 or less.  If it is, we'll accept the decrypted string as valid.
      *
-     * As a consequence of this, a private key encrypted ciphertext produced with Crypt_RSA may not decrypt
+     * As a consequence of this, a private key encrypted ciphertext produced with \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA may not decrypt
      * with a strictly PKCS#1 v1.5 compliant RSA implementation.  Public key encrypted ciphertext's should but
      * not private key encrypted ciphertext's.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $c
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $c
+     * @return bool|string
      */
     function _rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_decrypt($c)
     {
         // Length checking
 
         if (strlen($c) != $this->k) { // or if k < 11
-            user_error('Decryption error');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2241,17 +1742,14 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
 
         $c = $this->_os2ip($c);
         $m = $this->_rsadp($c);
-
-        if ($m === false) {
-            user_error('Decryption error');
+        $em = $this->_i2osp($m, $this->k);
+        if ($em === false) {
             return false;
         }
-        $em = $this->_i2osp($m, $this->k);
 
         // EME-PKCS1-v1_5 decoding
 
         if (ord($em[0]) != 0 || ord($em[1]) > 2) {
-            user_error('Decryption error');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2259,7 +1757,6 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         $m = substr($em, strlen($ps) + 3);
 
         if (strlen($ps) < 8) {
-            user_error('Decryption error');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2274,8 +1771,9 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-9.1.1 RFC3447#section-9.1.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @param Integer $emBits
+     * @param string $m
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on encoding error
+     * @param int $emBits
      */
     function _emsa_pss_encode($m, $emBits)
     {
@@ -2283,15 +1781,14 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         // be output.
 
         $emLen = ($emBits + 1) >> 3; // ie. ceil($emBits / 8)
-        $sLen = $this->sLen == false ? $this->hLen : $this->sLen;
+        $sLen = $this->sLen ? $this->sLen : $this->hLen;
 
         $mHash = $this->hash->hash($m);
         if ($emLen < $this->hLen + $sLen + 2) {
-            user_error('Encoding error');
             return false;
         }
 
-        $salt = crypt_random_string($sLen);
+        $salt = Random::string($sLen);
         $m2 = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0" . $mHash . $salt;
         $h = $this->hash->hash($m2);
         $ps = str_repeat(chr(0), $emLen - $sLen - $this->hLen - 2);
@@ -2310,10 +1807,10 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-9.1.2 RFC3447#section-9.1.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @param String $em
-     * @param Integer $emBits
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @param string $em
+     * @param int $emBits
+     * @return string
      */
     function _emsa_pss_verify($m, $em, $emBits)
     {
@@ -2321,7 +1818,7 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
         // be output.
 
         $emLen = ($emBits + 1) >> 3; // ie. ceil($emBits / 8);
-        $sLen = $this->sLen == false ? $this->hLen : $this->sLen;
+        $sLen = $this->sLen ? $this->sLen : $this->hLen;
 
         $mHash = $this->hash->hash($m);
         if ($emLen < $this->hLen + $sLen + 2) {
@@ -2357,8 +1854,8 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.1.1 RFC3447#section-8.1.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @return bool|string
      */
     function _rsassa_pss_sign($m)
     {
@@ -2383,16 +1880,15 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.1.2 RFC3447#section-8.1.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @param String $s
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @param string $s
+     * @return bool|string
      */
     function _rsassa_pss_verify($m, $s)
     {
         // Length checking
 
         if (strlen($s) != $this->k) {
-            user_error('Invalid signature');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2402,13 +1898,8 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
 
         $s2 = $this->_os2ip($s);
         $m2 = $this->_rsavp1($s2);
-        if ($m2 === false) {
-            user_error('Invalid signature');
-            return false;
-        }
         $em = $this->_i2osp($m2, $modBits >> 3);
         if ($em === false) {
-            user_error('Invalid signature');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2423,43 +1914,50 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-9.2 RFC3447#section-9.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @param Integer $emLen
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @param int $emLen
+     * @throws \LengthException if the intended encoded message length is too short
+     * @return string
      */
     function _emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $emLen)
     {
         $h = $this->hash->hash($m);
-        if ($h === false) {
-            return false;
-        }
 
         // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#page-43
         switch ($this->hashName) {
             case 'md2':
-                $t = pack('H*', '3020300c06082a864886f70d020205000410');
+                $t = "\x30\x20\x30\x0c\x06\x08\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x02\x02\x05\x00\x04\x10";
                 break;
             case 'md5':
-                $t = pack('H*', '3020300c06082a864886f70d020505000410');
+                $t = "\x30\x20\x30\x0c\x06\x08\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x02\x05\x05\x00\x04\x10";
                 break;
             case 'sha1':
-                $t = pack('H*', '3021300906052b0e03021a05000414');
+                $t = "\x30\x21\x30\x09\x06\x05\x2b\x0e\x03\x02\x1a\x05\x00\x04\x14";
                 break;
             case 'sha256':
-                $t = pack('H*', '3031300d060960864801650304020105000420');
+                $t = "\x30\x31\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x60\x86\x48\x01\x65\x03\x04\x02\x01\x05\x00\x04\x20";
                 break;
             case 'sha384':
-                $t = pack('H*', '3041300d060960864801650304020205000430');
+                $t = "\x30\x41\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x60\x86\x48\x01\x65\x03\x04\x02\x02\x05\x00\x04\x30";
                 break;
             case 'sha512':
-                $t = pack('H*', '3051300d060960864801650304020305000440');
+                $t = "\x30\x51\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x60\x86\x48\x01\x65\x03\x04\x02\x03\x05\x00\x04\x40";
+                break;
+            // from https://www.emc.com/collateral/white-papers/h11300-pkcs-1v2-2-rsa-cryptography-standard-wp.pdf#page=40
+            case 'sha224':
+                $t = "\x30\x2d\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x60\x86\x48\x01\x65\x03\x04\x02\x04\x05\x00\x04\x1c";
+                break;
+            case 'sha512/224':
+                $t = "\x30\x2d\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x60\x86\x48\x01\x65\x03\x04\x02\x05\x05\x00\x04\x1c";
+                break;
+            case 'sha512/256':
+                $t = "\x30\x31\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x60\x86\x48\x01\x65\x03\x04\x02\x06\x05\x00\x04\x20";
         }
         $t.= $h;
         $tLen = strlen($t);
 
         if ($emLen < $tLen + 11) {
-            user_error('Intended encoded message length too short');
-            return false;
+            throw new \LengthException('Intended encoded message length too short');
         }
 
         $ps = str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $emLen - $tLen - 3);
@@ -2475,17 +1973,20 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.2.1 RFC3447#section-8.2.1}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @throws \LengthException if the RSA modulus is too short
+     * @return bool|string
      */
     function _rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_sign($m)
     {
         // EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 encoding
 
-        $em = $this->_emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $this->k);
-        if ($em === false) {
-            user_error('RSA modulus too short');
-            return false;
+        // If the encoding operation outputs "intended encoded message length too short," output "RSA modulus
+        // too short" and stop.
+        try {
+            $em = $this->_emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $this->k);
+        } catch (\LengthException $e) {
+            throw new \LengthException('RSA modulus too short');
         }
 
         // RSA signature
@@ -2505,15 +2006,16 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
      * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.2.2 RFC3447#section-8.2.2}.
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $m
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $m
+     * @param string $s
+     * @throws \LengthException if the RSA modulus is too short
+     * @return bool
      */
     function _rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_verify($m, $s)
     {
         // Length checking
 
         if (strlen($s) != $this->k) {
-            user_error('Invalid signature');
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -2521,22 +2023,19 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
 
         $s = $this->_os2ip($s);
         $m2 = $this->_rsavp1($s);
-        if ($m2 === false) {
-            user_error('Invalid signature');
-            return false;
-        }
         $em = $this->_i2osp($m2, $this->k);
         if ($em === false) {
-            user_error('Invalid signature');
             return false;
         }
 
         // EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 encoding
 
-        $em2 = $this->_emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $this->k);
-        if ($em2 === false) {
-            user_error('RSA modulus too short');
-            return false;
+        // If the encoding operation outputs "intended encoded message length too short," output "RSA modulus
+        // too short" and stop.
+        try {
+            $em2 = $this->_emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $this->k);
+        } catch (\LengthException $e) {
+            throw new \LengthException('RSA modulus too short');
         }
 
         // Compare
@@ -2544,153 +2043,179 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set Encryption Mode
+     * RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5-VERIFY (relaxed matching)
      *
-     * Valid values include CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP and CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1.
+     * Per {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#page-43 RFC3447#page-43} PKCS1 v1.5
+     * specified the use BER encoding rather than DER encoding that PKCS1 v2.0 specified.
+     * This means that under rare conditions you can have a perfectly valid v1.5 signature
+     * that fails to validate with _rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_verify(). PKCS1 v2.1 also recommends
+     * that if you're going to validate these types of signatures you "should indicate
+     * whether the underlying BER encoding is a DER encoding and hence whether the signature
+     * is valid with respect to the specification given in [PKCS1 v2.0+]". so if you do
+     * $rsa->getLastPadding() and get RSA::PADDING_RELAXED_PKCS1 back instead of
+     * RSA::PADDING_PKCS1... that means BER encoding was used.
      *
-     * @access public
-     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $m
+     * @param string $s
+     * @return bool
      */
-    function setEncryptionMode($mode)
+    function _rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_relaxed_verify($m, $s)
     {
-        $this->encryptionMode = $mode;
-    }
+        // Length checking
 
-    /**
-     * Set Signature Mode
-     *
-     * Valid values include CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS and CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     */
-    function setSignatureMode($mode)
-    {
-        $this->signatureMode = $mode;
-    }
+        if (strlen($s) != $this->k) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
-    /**
-     * Set public key comment.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param String $comment
-     */
-    function setComment($comment)
-    {
-        $this->comment = $comment;
-    }
+        // RSA verification
 
-    /**
-     * Get public key comment.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return String
-     */
-    function getComment()
-    {
-        return $this->comment;
+        $s = $this->_os2ip($s);
+        $m2 = $this->_rsavp1($s);
+        if ($m2 === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $em = $this->_i2osp($m2, $this->k);
+        if ($em === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->_string_shift($em, 2) != "\0\1") {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $em = ltrim($em, "\xFF");
+        if ($this->_string_shift($em) != "\0") {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($em);
+        if (!is_array($decoded) || empty($decoded[0]) || strlen($em) > $decoded[0]['length']) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $AlgorithmIdentifier = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'algorithm'  => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                'parameters' => array(
+                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_ANY,
+                                    'optional' => true
+                                )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $DigestInfo = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'digestAlgorithm' => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'digest' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $oids = array(
+            '1.2.840.113549.2.2' => 'md2',
+            '1.2.840.113549.2.4' => 'md4', // from PKCS1 v1.5
+            '1.2.840.113549.2.5' => 'md5',
+            '1.3.14.3.2.26' => 'sha1',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1' => 'sha256',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2' => 'sha384',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3' => 'sha512',
+            // from PKCS1 v2.2
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.4' => 'sha224',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.5' => 'sha512/224',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.6' => 'sha512/256',
+        );
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($oids);
+
+        $decoded = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $DigestInfo);
+        if (!isset($decoded) || $decoded === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!in_array($decoded['digestAlgorithm']['algorithm'], $oids)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $hash = new Hash($decoded['digestAlgorithm']['algorithm']);
+        $em = $hash->hash($m);
+        $em2 = Base64::decode($decoded['digest']);
+
+        return $this->_equals($em, $em2);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encryption
      *
-     * Both CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP and CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1 both place limits on how long $plaintext can be.
+     * Both self::PADDING_OAEP and self::PADDING_PKCS1 both place limits on how long $plaintext can be.
      * If $plaintext exceeds those limits it will be broken up so that it does and the resultant ciphertext's will
      * be concatenated together.
      *
-     * @see decrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $plaintext
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @param int $padding optional
+     * @return bool|string
+     * @throws \LengthException if the RSA modulus is too short
      */
-    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    function encrypt($plaintext, $padding = self::PADDING_OAEP)
     {
-        switch ($this->encryptionMode) {
-            case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1:
-                $length = $this->k - 11;
-                if ($length <= 0) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                $plaintext = str_split($plaintext, $length);
-                $ciphertext = '';
-                foreach ($plaintext as $m) {
-                    $ciphertext.= $this->_rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_encrypt($m);
-                }
-                return $ciphertext;
-            //case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP:
+        switch ($padding) {
+            case self::PADDING_NONE:
+                return $this->_raw_encrypt($plaintext);
+            case self::PADDING_PKCS15_COMPAT:
+            case self::PADDING_PKCS1:
+                return $this->_rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_encrypt($plaintext, $padding == self::PADDING_PKCS15_COMPAT);
+            //case self::PADDING_OAEP:
             default:
-                $length = $this->k - 2 * $this->hLen - 2;
-                if ($length <= 0) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                $plaintext = str_split($plaintext, $length);
-                $ciphertext = '';
-                foreach ($plaintext as $m) {
-                    $ciphertext.= $this->_rsaes_oaep_encrypt($m);
-                }
-                return $ciphertext;
+                return $this->_rsaes_oaep_encrypt($plaintext);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Decryption
      *
-     * @see encrypt()
+     * @see self::encrypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $plaintext
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @param int $padding optional
+     * @return bool|string
      */
-    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    function decrypt($ciphertext, $padding = self::PADDING_OAEP)
     {
-        if ($this->k <= 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        $ciphertext = str_split($ciphertext, $this->k);
-        $ciphertext[count($ciphertext) - 1] = str_pad($ciphertext[count($ciphertext) - 1], $this->k, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
-
-        $plaintext = '';
-
-        switch ($this->encryptionMode) {
-            case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1:
-                $decrypt = '_rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_decrypt';
-                break;
-            //case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP:
+        switch ($padding) {
+            case self::PADDING_NONE:
+                return $this->_raw_encrypt($ciphertext);
+            case self::PADDING_PKCS1:
+                return $this->_rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_decrypt($ciphertext);
+            //case self::PADDING_OAEP:
             default:
-                $decrypt = '_rsaes_oaep_decrypt';
-        }
-
-        foreach ($ciphertext as $c) {
-            $temp = $this->$decrypt($c);
-            if ($temp === false) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            $plaintext.= $temp;
+                return $this->_rsaes_oaep_decrypt($ciphertext);
         }
-
-        return $plaintext;
     }
 
     /**
      * Create a signature
      *
-     * @see verify()
+     * @see self::verify()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $message
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $message
+     * @param int $padding optional
+     * @return string
      */
-    function sign($message)
+    function sign($message, $padding = self::PADDING_PSS)
     {
         if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->exponent)) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        switch ($this->signatureMode) {
-            case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1:
+        switch ($padding) {
+            case self::PADDING_PKCS1:
+            case self::PADDING_RELAXED_PKCS1:
                 return $this->_rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_sign($message);
-            //case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS:
+            //case self::PADDING_PSS:
             default:
                 return $this->_rsassa_pss_sign($message);
         }
@@ -2699,22 +2224,25 @@ class Crypt_RSA {
     /**
      * Verifies a signature
      *
-     * @see sign()
+     * @see self::sign()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $message
-     * @param String $signature
-     * @return Boolean
+     * @param string $message
+     * @param string $signature
+     * @param int $padding optional
+     * @return bool
      */
-    function verify($message, $signature)
+    function verify($message, $signature, $padding = self::PADDING_PSS)
     {
         if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->exponent)) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        switch ($this->signatureMode) {
-            case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1:
+        switch ($padding) {
+            case self::PADDING_RELAXED_PKCS1:
+                return $this->_rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_relaxed_verify($message, $signature);
+            case self::PADDING_PKCS1:
                 return $this->_rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_verify($message, $signature);
-            //case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS:
+            //case self::PADDING_PSS:
             default:
                 return $this->_rsassa_pss_verify($message, $signature);
         }
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/MSBLOB.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/MSBLOB.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b99dc2f068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/MSBLOB.php
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Miccrosoft BLOB Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * More info:
+ *
+ * https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa375601(v=vs.85).aspx
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Microsoft BLOB Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class MSBLOB
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     */
+    /**
+     * Public/Private Key Pair
+     */
+    const PRIVATEKEYBLOB = 0x7;
+    /**
+     * Public Key
+     */
+    const PUBLICKEYBLOB = 0x6;
+    /**
+     * Public Key
+     */
+    const PUBLICKEYBLOBEX = 0xA;
+    /**
+     * RSA public key exchange algorithm
+     */
+    const CALG_RSA_KEYX = 0x0000A400;
+    /**
+     * RSA public key exchange algorithm
+     */
+    const CALG_RSA_SIGN = 0x00002400;
+    /**
+     * Public Key
+     */
+    const RSA1 = 0x31415352;
+    /**
+     * Private Key
+     */
+    const RSA2 = 0x32415352;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * Break a public or private key down into its constituent components
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return array
+     */
+    static function load($key, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!is_string($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $key = Base64::decode($key);
+
+        if (!is_string($key) || strlen($key) < 20) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // PUBLICKEYSTRUC  publickeystruc
+        // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa387453(v=vs.85).aspx
+        extract(unpack('atype/aversion/vreserved/Valgo', self::_string_shift($key, 8)));
+        switch (ord($type)) {
+            case self::PUBLICKEYBLOB:
+            case self::PUBLICKEYBLOBEX:
+                $publickey = true;
+                break;
+            case self::PRIVATEKEYBLOB:
+                $publickey = false;
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        $components = array('isPublicKey' => $publickey);
+
+        // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa375549(v=vs.85).aspx
+        switch ($algo) {
+            case self::CALG_RSA_KEYX:
+            case self::CALG_RSA_SIGN:
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        // RSAPUBKEY rsapubkey
+        // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa387685(v=vs.85).aspx
+        // could do V for pubexp but that's unsigned 32-bit whereas some PHP installs only do signed 32-bit
+        extract(unpack('Vmagic/Vbitlen/a4pubexp', self::_string_shift($key, 12)));
+        switch ($magic) {
+            case self::RSA2:
+                $components['isPublicKey'] = false;
+            case self::RSA1:
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        $baseLength = $bitlen / 16;
+        if (strlen($key) != 2 * $baseLength && strlen($key) != 9 * $baseLength) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $components[$components['isPublicKey'] ? 'publicExponent' : 'privateExponent'] = new BigInteger(strrev($pubexp), 256);
+        // BYTE modulus[rsapubkey.bitlen/8]
+        $components['modulus'] = new BigInteger(strrev(self::_string_shift($key, $bitlen / 8)), 256);
+
+        if ($publickey) {
+            return $components;
+        }
+
+        $components['isPublicKey'] = false;
+
+        // BYTE prime1[rsapubkey.bitlen/16]
+        $components['primes'] = array(1 => new BigInteger(strrev(self::_string_shift($key, $bitlen / 16)), 256));
+        // BYTE prime2[rsapubkey.bitlen/16]
+        $components['primes'][] = new BigInteger(strrev(self::_string_shift($key, $bitlen / 16)), 256);
+        // BYTE exponent1[rsapubkey.bitlen/16]
+        $components['exponents'] = array(1 => new BigInteger(strrev(self::_string_shift($key, $bitlen / 16)), 256));
+        // BYTE exponent2[rsapubkey.bitlen/16]
+        $components['exponents'][] = new BigInteger(strrev(self::_string_shift($key, $bitlen / 16)), 256);
+        // BYTE coefficient[rsapubkey.bitlen/16]
+        $components['coefficients'] = array(2 => new BigInteger(strrev(self::_string_shift($key, $bitlen / 16)), 256));
+        if (isset($components['privateExponent'])) {
+            $components['publicExponent'] = $components['privateExponent'];
+        }
+        // BYTE privateExponent[rsapubkey.bitlen/8]
+        $components['privateExponent'] = new BigInteger(strrev(self::_string_shift($key, $bitlen / 8)), 256);
+
+        return $components;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a private key to the appropriate format.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $d
+     * @param array $primes
+     * @param array $exponents
+     * @param array $coefficients
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e, BigInteger $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients, $password = '')
+    {
+        $n = strrev($n->toBytes());
+        $e = str_pad(strrev($e->toBytes()), 4, "\0");
+        $key = pack('aavV', chr(self::PRIVATEKEYBLOB), chr(2), 0, self::CALG_RSA_KEYX);
+        $key.= pack('VVa*', self::RSA2, 8 * strlen($n), $e);
+        $key.= $n;
+        $key.= strrev($primes[1]->toBytes());
+        $key.= strrev($primes[2]->toBytes());
+        $key.= strrev($exponents[1]->toBytes());
+        $key.= strrev($exponents[2]->toBytes());
+        $key.= strrev($coefficients[1]->toBytes());
+        $key.= strrev($d->toBytes());
+
+        return Base64::encode($key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePublicKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e)
+    {
+        $n = strrev($n->toBytes());
+        $e = str_pad(strrev($e->toBytes()), 4, "\0");
+        $key = pack('aavV', chr(self::PUBLICKEYBLOB), chr(2), 0, self::CALG_RSA_KEYX);
+        $key.= pack('VVa*', self::RSA1, 8 * strlen($n), $e);
+        $key.= $n;
+
+        return Base64::encode($key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/OpenSSH.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/OpenSSH.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8cd5328282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/OpenSSH.php
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * OpenSSH Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Place in $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * OpenSSH Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class OpenSSH
+{
+    /**
+     * Default comment
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static $comment = 'phpseclib-generated-key';
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the default comment
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $comment
+     */
+    static function setComment($comment)
+    {
+        self::$comment = str_replace(array("\r", "\n"), '', $comment);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Break a public or private key down into its constituent components
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return array
+     */
+    static function load($key, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!is_string($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $parts = explode(' ', $key, 3);
+
+        $key = isset($parts[1]) ? Base64::decode($parts[1]) : Base64::decode($parts[0]);
+        if ($key === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $comment = isset($parts[2]) ? $parts[2] : false;
+
+        if (substr($key, 0, 11) != "\0\0\0\7ssh-rsa") {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self::_string_shift($key, 11);
+        if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($key, 4)));
+        if (strlen($key) <= $length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $publicExponent = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
+        if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($key, 4)));
+        if (strlen($key) != $length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $modulus = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
+
+        return array(
+            'isPublicKey' => true,
+            'modulus' => $modulus,
+            'publicExponent' => $publicExponent,
+            'comment' => $comment
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePublicKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e)
+    {
+        $publicExponent = $e->toBytes(true);
+        $modulus = $n->toBytes(true);
+
+        // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#page-15>:
+        // string    "ssh-rsa"
+        // mpint     e
+        // mpint     n
+        $RSAPublicKey = pack('Na*Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($publicExponent), $publicExponent, strlen($modulus), $modulus);
+        $RSAPublicKey = 'ssh-rsa ' . Base64::encode($RSAPublicKey) . ' ' . self::$comment;
+
+        return $RSAPublicKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0ff2559ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS.php
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * PKCS Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\AES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Base;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\DES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * PKCS Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+abstract class PKCS
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA::createKey()
+     */
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Integer
+     */
+    const ASN1_INTEGER = 2;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Bit String
+     */
+    const ASN1_BITSTRING = 3;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Octet String
+     */
+    const ASN1_OCTETSTRING = 4;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Object Identifier
+     */
+    const ASN1_OBJECT = 6;
+    /**
+     * ASN1 Sequence (with the constucted bit set)
+     */
+    const ASN1_SEQUENCE = 48;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     */
+    /**
+     * Auto-detect the format
+     */
+    const MODE_ANY = 0;
+    /**
+     * Require base64-encoded PEM's be supplied
+     */
+    const MODE_PEM = 1;
+    /**
+     * Require raw DER's be supplied
+     */
+    const MODE_DER = 2;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * Is the key a base-64 encoded PEM, DER or should it be auto-detected?
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param int
+     */
+    static $format = self::MODE_ANY;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the mode constant corresponding to the mode string
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $mode
+     * @return int
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException if the block cipher mode is unsupported
+     */
+    static function getEncryptionMode($mode)
+    {
+        switch ($mode) {
+            case 'CBC':
+                return Base::MODE_CBC;
+            case 'ECB':
+                return Base::MODE_ECB;
+            case 'CFB':
+                return Base::MODE_CFB;
+            case 'OFB':
+                return Base::MODE_OFB;
+            case 'CTR':
+                return Base::MODE_CTR;
+        }
+        throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Unsupported block cipher mode of operation');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a cipher object corresponding to a string
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $algo
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException if the encryption algorithm is unsupported
+     */
+    static function getEncryptionObject($algo)
+    {
+        $modes = '(CBC|ECB|CFB|OFB|CTR)';
+        switch (true) {
+            case preg_match("#^AES-(128|192|256)-$modes$#", $algo, $matches):
+                $cipher = new AES(self::getEncryptionMode($matches[2]));
+                $cipher->setKeyLength($matches[1]);
+                return $cipher;
+            case preg_match("#^DES-EDE3-$modes$#", $algo, $matches):
+                return new TripleDES(self::getEncryptionMode($matches[1]));
+            case preg_match("#^DES-$modes$#", $algo, $matches):
+                return new DES(self::getEncryptionMode($matches[1]));
+            default:
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Unsupported encryption algorithmn');
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a symmetric key for PKCS#1 keys
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $password
+     * @param string $iv
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function generateSymmetricKey($password, $iv, $length)
+    {
+        $symkey = '';
+        $iv = substr($iv, 0, 8);
+        while (strlen($symkey) < $length) {
+            $symkey.= md5($symkey . $password . $iv, true);
+        }
+        return substr($symkey, 0, $length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Break a public or private key down into its constituent components
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return array
+     */
+    static function load($key, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!is_string($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $components = array('isPublicKey' => strpos($key, 'PUBLIC') !== false);
+
+        /* Although PKCS#1 proposes a format that public and private keys can use, encrypting them is
+           "outside the scope" of PKCS#1.  PKCS#1 then refers you to PKCS#12 and PKCS#15 if you're wanting to
+           protect private keys, however, that's not what OpenSSL* does.  OpenSSL protects private keys by adding
+           two new "fields" to the key - DEK-Info and Proc-Type.  These fields are discussed here:
+
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421#section-4.6.1.1
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421#section-4.6.1.3
+
+           DES-EDE3-CBC as an algorithm, however, is not discussed anywhere, near as I can tell.
+           DES-CBC and DES-EDE are discussed in RFC1423, however, DES-EDE3-CBC isn't, nor is its key derivation
+           function.  As is, the definitive authority on this encoding scheme isn't the IETF but rather OpenSSL's
+           own implementation.  ie. the implementation *is* the standard and any bugs that may exist in that
+           implementation are part of the standard, as well.
+
+           * OpenSSL is the de facto standard.  It's utilized by OpenSSH and other projects */
+        if (preg_match('#DEK-Info: (.+),(.+)#', $key, $matches)) {
+            $iv = Hex::decode(trim($matches[2]));
+            // remove the Proc-Type / DEK-Info sections as they're no longer needed
+            $key = preg_replace('#^(?:Proc-Type|DEK-Info): .*#m', '', $key);
+            $ciphertext = self::_extractBER($key);
+            if ($ciphertext === false) {
+                $ciphertext = $key;
+            }
+            $crypto = self::getEncryptionObject($matches[1]);
+            $crypto->setKey(self::generateSymmetricKey($password, $iv, $crypto->getKeyLength() >> 3));
+            $crypto->setIV($iv);
+            $key = $crypto->decrypt($ciphertext);
+            if ($key === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (self::$format != self::MODE_DER) {
+                $decoded = self::_extractBER($key);
+                if ($decoded !== false) {
+                    $key = $decoded;
+                } elseif (self::$format == self::MODE_PEM) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (ord(self::_string_shift($key)) != self::ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (self::_decodeLength($key) != strlen($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $tag = ord(self::_string_shift($key));
+        /* intended for keys for which OpenSSL's asn1parse returns the following:
+
+            0:d=0  hl=4 l= 631 cons: SEQUENCE
+            4:d=1  hl=2 l=   1 prim:  INTEGER           :00
+            7:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
+            9:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :rsaEncryption
+           20:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
+           22:d=1  hl=4 l= 609 prim:  OCTET STRING
+
+           ie. PKCS8 keys */
+
+        if ($tag == self::ASN1_INTEGER && substr($key, 0, 3) == "\x01\x00\x30") {
+            self::_string_shift($key, 3);
+            $tag = self::ASN1_SEQUENCE;
+        }
+
+        if ($tag == self::ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+            $temp = self::_string_shift($key, self::_decodeLength($key));
+            if (ord(self::_string_shift($temp)) != self::ASN1_OBJECT) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $length = self::_decodeLength($temp);
+            switch (self::_string_shift($temp, $length)) {
+                case "\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x01\x01\x01": // rsaEncryption
+                    break;
+                case "\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x01\x05\x03": // pbeWithMD5AndDES-CBC
+                    /*
+                       PBEParameter ::= SEQUENCE {
+                           salt OCTET STRING (SIZE(8)),
+                           iterationCount INTEGER }
+                    */
+                    if (ord(self::_string_shift($temp)) != self::ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (self::_decodeLength($temp) != strlen($temp)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    self::_string_shift($temp); // assume it's an octet string
+                    $salt = self::_string_shift($temp, self::_decodeLength($temp));
+                    if (ord(self::_string_shift($temp)) != self::ASN1_INTEGER) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    self::_decodeLength($temp);
+                    list(, $iterationCount) = unpack('N', str_pad($temp, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT));
+                    self::_string_shift($key); // assume it's an octet string
+                    $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+                    if (strlen($key) != $length) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    $crypto = new DES(DES::MODE_CBC);
+                    $crypto->setPassword($password, 'pbkdf1', 'md5', $salt, $iterationCount);
+                    $key = $crypto->decrypt($key);
+                    if ($key === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    return self::load($key);
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+            /* intended for keys for which OpenSSL's asn1parse returns the following:
+
+                0:d=0  hl=4 l= 290 cons: SEQUENCE
+                4:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
+                6:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :rsaEncryption
+               17:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
+               19:d=1  hl=4 l= 271 prim:  BIT STRING */
+            $tag = ord(self::_string_shift($key)); // skip over the BIT STRING / OCTET STRING tag
+            self::_decodeLength($key); // skip over the BIT STRING / OCTET STRING length
+            // "The initial octet shall encode, as an unsigned binary integer wtih bit 1 as the least significant bit, the number of
+            //  unused bits in the final subsequent octet. The number shall be in the range zero to seven."
+            //  -- http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf (section 8.6.2.2)
+            if ($tag == self::ASN1_BITSTRING) {
+                self::_string_shift($key);
+            }
+            if (ord(self::_string_shift($key)) != self::ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (self::_decodeLength($key) != strlen($key)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $tag = ord(self::_string_shift($key));
+        }
+        if ($tag != self::ASN1_INTEGER) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $temp = self::_string_shift($key, $length);
+        if (strlen($temp) != 1 || ord($temp) > 2) {
+            $components['modulus'] = new BigInteger($temp, 256);
+            self::_string_shift($key); // skip over self::ASN1_INTEGER
+            $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+            $components[$components['isPublicKey'] ? 'publicExponent' : 'privateExponent'] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+
+            return $components;
+        }
+        if (ord(self::_string_shift($key)) != self::ASN1_INTEGER) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['modulus'] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+        self::_string_shift($key);
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['publicExponent'] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+        self::_string_shift($key);
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['privateExponent'] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+        self::_string_shift($key);
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['primes'] = array(1 => new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
+        self::_string_shift($key);
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['primes'][] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+        self::_string_shift($key);
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['exponents'] = array(1 => new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
+        self::_string_shift($key);
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['exponents'][] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+        self::_string_shift($key);
+        $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+        $components['coefficients'] = array(2 => new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
+
+        if (!empty($key)) {
+            if (ord(self::_string_shift($key)) != self::ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            self::_decodeLength($key);
+            while (!empty($key)) {
+                if (ord(self::_string_shift($key)) != self::ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                self::_decodeLength($key);
+                $key = substr($key, 1);
+                $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['primes'][] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                self::_string_shift($key);
+                $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['exponents'][] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                self::_string_shift($key);
+                $length = self::_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['coefficients'][] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $components;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Require base64-encoded PEM's be supplied
+     *
+     * @see self::load()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    static function requirePEM()
+    {
+        self::$format = self::MODE_PEM;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Require raw DER's be supplied
+     *
+     * @see self::load()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    static function requireDER()
+    {
+        self::$format = self::MODE_DER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accept any format and auto detect the format
+     *
+     * This is the default setting
+     *
+     * @see self::load()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    static function requireAny()
+    {
+        self::$format = self::MODE_ANY;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DER-decode the length
+     *
+     * DER supports lengths up to (2**8)**127, however, we'll only support lengths up to (2**8)**4.  See
+     * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 paragraph 8.1.3} for more information.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $string
+     * @return int
+     */
+    static function _decodeLength(&$string)
+    {
+        $length = ord(self::_string_shift($string));
+        if ($length & 0x80) { // definite length, long form
+            $length&= 0x7F;
+            $temp = self::_string_shift($string, $length);
+            list(, $length) = unpack('N', substr(str_pad($temp, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -4));
+        }
+        return $length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DER-encode the length
+     *
+     * DER supports lengths up to (2**8)**127, however, we'll only support lengths up to (2**8)**4.  See
+     * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 paragraph 8.1.3} for more information.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function _encodeLength($length)
+    {
+        if ($length <= 0x7F) {
+            return chr($length);
+        }
+
+        $temp = ltrim(pack('N', $length), chr(0));
+        return pack('Ca*', 0x80 | strlen($temp), $temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract raw BER from Base64 encoding
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $str
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function _extractBER($str)
+    {
+        /* X.509 certs are assumed to be base64 encoded but sometimes they'll have additional things in them
+         * above and beyond the ceritificate.
+         * ie. some may have the following preceding the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- line:
+         *
+         * Bag Attributes
+         *     localKeyID: 01 00 00 00
+         * subject=/O=organization/OU=org unit/CN=common name
+         * issuer=/O=organization/CN=common name
+         */
+        $temp = preg_replace('#.*?^-+[^-]+-+[\r\n ]*$#ms', '', $str, 1);
+        // remove the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- and -----END CERTIFICATE----- stuff
+        $temp = preg_replace('#-+[^-]+-+#', '', $temp);
+        // remove new lines
+        $temp = str_replace(array("\r", "\n", ' '), '', $temp);
+        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? Base64::decode($temp) : false;
+        return $temp != false ? $temp : $str;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS1.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS1.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5d6e1d64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS1.php
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * PKCS#1 Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Used by File/X509.php
+ *
+ * Has the following header:
+ *
+ * -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
+ *
+ * Analogous to ssh-keygen's pem format (as specified by -m)
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\AES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\DES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * PKCS#1 Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class PKCS1 extends PKCS
+{
+    /**
+     * Default encryption algorithm
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static $defaultEncryptionAlgorithm = 'DES-EDE3-CBC';
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the default encryption algorithm
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $algo
+     */
+    static function setEncryptionAlgorithm($algo)
+    {
+        self::$defaultEncryptionAlgorithm = $algo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a private key to the appropriate format.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $d
+     * @param array $primes
+     * @param array $exponents
+     * @param array $coefficients
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e, BigInteger $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients, $password = '')
+    {
+        $num_primes = count($primes);
+        $raw = array(
+            'version' => $num_primes == 2 ? chr(0) : chr(1), // two-prime vs. multi
+            'modulus' => $n->toBytes(true),
+            'publicExponent' => $e->toBytes(true),
+            'privateExponent' => $d->toBytes(true),
+            'prime1' => $primes[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'prime2' => $primes[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent1' => $exponents[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent2' => $exponents[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'coefficient' => $coefficients[2]->toBytes(true)
+        );
+
+        $components = array();
+        foreach ($raw as $name => $value) {
+            $components[$name] = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($value)), $value);
+        }
+
+        $RSAPrivateKey = implode('', $components);
+
+        if ($num_primes > 2) {
+            $OtherPrimeInfos = '';
+            for ($i = 3; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
+                // OtherPrimeInfos ::= SEQUENCE SIZE(1..MAX) OF OtherPrimeInfo
+                //
+                // OtherPrimeInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
+                //     prime             INTEGER,  -- ri
+                //     exponent          INTEGER,  -- di
+                //     coefficient       INTEGER   -- ti
+                // }
+                $OtherPrimeInfo = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($primes[$i]->toBytes(true))), $primes[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($exponents[$i]->toBytes(true))), $exponents[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true))), $coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                $OtherPrimeInfos.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfo)), $OtherPrimeInfo);
+            }
+            $RSAPrivateKey.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfos)), $OtherPrimeInfos);
+        }
+
+        $RSAPrivateKey = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)), $RSAPrivateKey);
+
+        if (!empty($password) || is_string($password)) {
+            $cipher = self::getEncryptionObject(self::$defaultEncryptionAlgorithm);
+            $iv = Random::string($cipher->getBlockLength() >> 3);
+            $cipher->setKey(self::generateSymmetricKey($password, $iv, $cipher->getKeyLength() >> 3));
+            $cipher->setIV($iv);
+            $iv = strtoupper(Hex::encode($iv));
+            $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
+                     "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n" .
+                     "DEK-Info: " . self::$defaultEncryptionAlgorithm . ",$iv\r\n" .
+                     "\r\n" .
+                     chunk_split(Base64::encode($cipher->encrypt($RSAPrivateKey)), 64) .
+                     '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----';
+        } else {
+            $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
+                     chunk_split(Base64::encode($RSAPrivateKey), 64) .
+                     '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----';
+        }
+
+        return $RSAPrivateKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePublicKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e)
+    {
+        $modulus = $n->toBytes(true);
+        $publicExponent = $e->toBytes(true);
+
+        // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-A.1.1>:
+        // RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE {
+        //     modulus           INTEGER,  -- n
+        //     publicExponent    INTEGER   -- e
+        // }
+        $components = array(
+            'modulus' => pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($modulus)), $modulus),
+            'publicExponent' => pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($publicExponent)), $publicExponent)
+        );
+
+        $RSAPublicKey = pack(
+            'Ca*a*a*',
+            self::ASN1_SEQUENCE,
+            self::_encodeLength(strlen($components['modulus']) + strlen($components['publicExponent'])),
+            $components['modulus'],
+            $components['publicExponent']
+        );
+
+        $RSAPublicKey = "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
+                        chunk_split(Base64::encode($RSAPublicKey), 64) .
+                        '-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----';
+
+        return $RSAPublicKey;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS8.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS8.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..787c89a58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PKCS8.php
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * PKCS#8 Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Used by PHP's openssl_public_encrypt() and openssl's rsautl (when -pubin is set)
+ *
+ * Has the following header:
+ *
+ * -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+ *
+ * Analogous to ssh-keygen's pkcs8 format (as specified by -m). Although PKCS8
+ * is specific to private keys it's basically creating a DER-encoded wrapper
+ * for keys. This just extends that same concept to public keys (much like ssh-keygen)
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\DES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * PKCS#8 Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class PKCS8 extends PKCS
+{
+    /**
+     * Convert a private key to the appropriate format.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $d
+     * @param array $primes
+     * @param array $exponents
+     * @param array $coefficients
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e, BigInteger $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients, $password = '')
+    {
+        $num_primes = count($primes);
+        $raw = array(
+            'version' => $num_primes == 2 ? chr(0) : chr(1), // two-prime vs. multi
+            'modulus' => $n->toBytes(true),
+            'publicExponent' => $e->toBytes(true),
+            'privateExponent' => $d->toBytes(true),
+            'prime1' => $primes[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'prime2' => $primes[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent1' => $exponents[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent2' => $exponents[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'coefficient' => $coefficients[2]->toBytes(true)
+        );
+
+        $components = array();
+        foreach ($raw as $name => $value) {
+            $components[$name] = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($value)), $value);
+        }
+
+        $RSAPrivateKey = implode('', $components);
+
+        if ($num_primes > 2) {
+            $OtherPrimeInfos = '';
+            for ($i = 3; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
+                // OtherPrimeInfos ::= SEQUENCE SIZE(1..MAX) OF OtherPrimeInfo
+                //
+                // OtherPrimeInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
+                //     prime             INTEGER,  -- ri
+                //     exponent          INTEGER,  -- di
+                //     coefficient       INTEGER   -- ti
+                // }
+                $OtherPrimeInfo = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($primes[$i]->toBytes(true))), $primes[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($exponents[$i]->toBytes(true))), $exponents[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true))), $coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                $OtherPrimeInfos.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfo)), $OtherPrimeInfo);
+            }
+            $RSAPrivateKey.= pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfos)), $OtherPrimeInfos);
+        }
+
+        $RSAPrivateKey = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)), $RSAPrivateKey);
+
+        $rsaOID = "\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x01\x01\x01\x05\x00"; // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
+        $RSAPrivateKey = pack(
+            'Ca*a*Ca*a*',
+            self::ASN1_INTEGER,
+            "\01\00",
+            $rsaOID,
+            4,
+            self::_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)),
+            $RSAPrivateKey
+        );
+        $RSAPrivateKey = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)), $RSAPrivateKey);
+        if (!empty($password) || is_string($password)) {
+            $salt = Random::string(8);
+            $iterationCount = 2048;
+
+            $crypto = new DES(DES::MODE_CBC);
+            $crypto->setPassword($password, 'pbkdf1', 'md5', $salt, $iterationCount);
+            $RSAPrivateKey = $crypto->encrypt($RSAPrivateKey);
+
+            $parameters = pack(
+                'Ca*a*Ca*N',
+                self::ASN1_OCTETSTRING,
+                self::_encodeLength(strlen($salt)),
+                $salt,
+                self::ASN1_INTEGER,
+                self::_encodeLength(4),
+                $iterationCount
+            );
+            $pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC = "\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x01\x05\x03";
+
+            $encryptionAlgorithm = pack(
+                'Ca*a*Ca*a*',
+                self::ASN1_OBJECT,
+                self::_encodeLength(strlen($pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC)),
+                $pbeWithMD5AndDES_CBC,
+                self::ASN1_SEQUENCE,
+                self::_encodeLength(strlen($parameters)),
+                $parameters
+            );
+
+            $RSAPrivateKey = pack(
+                'Ca*a*Ca*a*',
+                self::ASN1_SEQUENCE,
+                self::_encodeLength(strlen($encryptionAlgorithm)),
+                $encryptionAlgorithm,
+                self::ASN1_OCTETSTRING,
+                self::_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)),
+                $RSAPrivateKey
+            );
+
+            $RSAPrivateKey = pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_SEQUENCE, self::_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)), $RSAPrivateKey);
+
+            $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
+                 chunk_split(Base64::encode($RSAPrivateKey), 64) .
+                 '-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----';
+        } else {
+            $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
+                 chunk_split(Base64::encode($RSAPrivateKey), 64) .
+                 '-----END PRIVATE KEY-----';
+        }
+
+        return $RSAPrivateKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePublicKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e)
+    {
+        $modulus = $n->toBytes(true);
+        $publicExponent = $e->toBytes(true);
+
+        // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-A.1.1>:
+        // RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE {
+        //     modulus           INTEGER,  -- n
+        //     publicExponent    INTEGER   -- e
+        // }
+        $components = array(
+            'modulus' => pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($modulus)), $modulus),
+            'publicExponent' => pack('Ca*a*', self::ASN1_INTEGER, self::_encodeLength(strlen($publicExponent)), $publicExponent)
+        );
+
+        $RSAPublicKey = pack(
+            'Ca*a*a*',
+            self::ASN1_SEQUENCE,
+            self::_encodeLength(strlen($components['modulus']) + strlen($components['publicExponent'])),
+            $components['modulus'],
+            $components['publicExponent']
+        );
+
+        // sequence(oid(1.2.840.113549.1.1.1), null)) = rsaEncryption.
+        $rsaOID = "\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x01\x01\x01\x05\x00"; // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
+        $RSAPublicKey = chr(0) . $RSAPublicKey;
+        $RSAPublicKey = chr(3) . self::_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPublicKey)) . $RSAPublicKey;
+
+        $RSAPublicKey = pack(
+            'Ca*a*',
+            self::ASN1_SEQUENCE,
+            self::_encodeLength(strlen($rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey)),
+            $rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey
+        );
+
+        $RSAPublicKey = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
+                        chunk_split(Base64::encode($RSAPublicKey), 64) .
+                        '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
+
+        return $RSAPublicKey;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PuTTY.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PuTTY.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04c4ae20dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PuTTY.php
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * PuTTY Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\AES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Hash;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * PuTTY Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class PuTTY
+{
+    /**
+     * Default comment
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static $comment = 'phpseclib-generated-key';
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the default comment
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $comment
+     */
+    static function setComment($comment)
+    {
+        self::$comment = str_replace(array("\r", "\n"), '', $comment);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a symmetric key for PuTTY keys
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $password
+     * @param string $iv
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function generateSymmetricKey($password, $length)
+    {
+        $symkey = '';
+        $sequence = 0;
+        while (strlen($symkey) < $length) {
+            $temp = pack('Na*', $sequence++, $password);
+            $symkey.= Hex::decode(sha1($temp));
+        }
+        return substr($symkey, 0, $length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Break a public or private key down into its constituent components
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return array
+     */
+    static function load($key, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!is_string($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static $one;
+        if (!isset($one)) {
+            $one = new BigInteger(1);
+        }
+
+        if (strpos($key, 'BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY')) {
+            $data = preg_split('#[\r\n]+#', $key);
+            $data = array_splice($data, 2, -1);
+            $data = implode('', $data);
+
+            $components = OpenSSH::load($data);
+            if ($components === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!preg_match('#Comment: "(.+)"#', $key, $matches)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $components['comment'] = str_replace(array('\\\\', '\"'), array('\\', '"'), $matches[1]);
+
+            return $components;
+        }
+
+        $components = array('isPublicKey' => false);
+        $key = preg_split('#\r\n|\r|\n#', $key);
+        $type = trim(preg_replace('#PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: (.+)#', '$1', $key[0]));
+        if ($type != 'ssh-rsa') {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $encryption = trim(preg_replace('#Encryption: (.+)#', '$1', $key[1]));
+        $components['comment'] = trim(preg_replace('#Comment: (.+)#', '$1', $key[2]));
+
+        $publicLength = trim(preg_replace('#Public-Lines: (\d+)#', '$1', $key[3]));
+        $public = Base64::decode(implode('', array_map('trim', array_slice($key, 4, $publicLength))));
+        $public = substr($public, 11);
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($public, 4)));
+        $components['publicExponent'] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($public, $length), -256);
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($public, 4)));
+        $components['modulus'] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($public, $length), -256);
+
+        $privateLength = trim(preg_replace('#Private-Lines: (\d+)#', '$1', $key[$publicLength + 4]));
+        $private = Base64::decode(implode('', array_map('trim', array_slice($key, $publicLength + 5, $privateLength))));
+
+        switch ($encryption) {
+            case 'aes256-cbc':
+                $symkey = static::generateSymmetricKey($password, 32);
+                $crypto = new AES(AES::MODE_CBC);
+        }
+
+        if ($encryption != 'none') {
+            $crypto->setKey($symkey);
+            $crypto->setIV(str_repeat("\0", $crypto->getBlockLength() >> 3));
+            $crypto->disablePadding();
+            $private = $crypto->decrypt($private);
+            if ($private === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($private, 4)));
+        if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $components['privateExponent'] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($private, $length), -256);
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($private, 4)));
+        if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $components['primes'] = array(1 => new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($private, $length), -256));
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($private, 4)));
+        if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $components['primes'][] = new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($private, $length), -256);
+
+        $temp = $components['primes'][1]->subtract($one);
+        $components['exponents'] = array(1 => $components['publicExponent']->modInverse($temp));
+        $temp = $components['primes'][2]->subtract($one);
+        $components['exponents'][] = $components['publicExponent']->modInverse($temp);
+
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', self::_string_shift($private, 4)));
+        if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $components['coefficients'] = array(2 => new BigInteger(self::_string_shift($private, $length), -256));
+
+        return $components;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    static function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a private key to the appropriate format.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $d
+     * @param array $primes
+     * @param array $exponents
+     * @param array $coefficients
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e, BigInteger $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (count($primes) != 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $raw = array(
+            'modulus' => $n->toBytes(true),
+            'publicExponent' => $e->toBytes(true),
+            'privateExponent' => $d->toBytes(true),
+            'prime1' => $primes[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'prime2' => $primes[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent1' => $exponents[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent2' => $exponents[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'coefficient' => $coefficients[2]->toBytes(true)
+        );
+
+        $key = "PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: ssh-rsa\r\nEncryption: ";
+        $encryption = (!empty($password) || is_string($password)) ? 'aes256-cbc' : 'none';
+        $key.= $encryption;
+        $key.= "\r\nComment: " . self::$comment . "\r\n";
+        $public = pack(
+            'Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen('ssh-rsa'),
+            'ssh-rsa',
+            strlen($raw['publicExponent']),
+            $raw['publicExponent'],
+            strlen($raw['modulus']),
+            $raw['modulus']
+        );
+        $source = pack(
+            'Na*Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen('ssh-rsa'),
+            'ssh-rsa',
+            strlen($encryption),
+            $encryption,
+            strlen(self::$comment),
+            self::$comment,
+            strlen($public),
+            $public
+        );
+        $public = Base64::encode($public);
+        $key.= "Public-Lines: " . ((strlen($public) + 63) >> 6) . "\r\n";
+        $key.= chunk_split($public, 64);
+        $private = pack(
+            'Na*Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen($raw['privateExponent']),
+            $raw['privateExponent'],
+            strlen($raw['prime1']),
+            $raw['prime1'],
+            strlen($raw['prime2']),
+            $raw['prime2'],
+            strlen($raw['coefficient']),
+            $raw['coefficient']
+        );
+        if (empty($password) && !is_string($password)) {
+            $source.= pack('Na*', strlen($private), $private);
+            $hashkey = 'putty-private-key-file-mac-key';
+        } else {
+            $private.= Random::string(16 - (strlen($private) & 15));
+            $source.= pack('Na*', strlen($private), $private);
+            $crypto = new AES();
+
+            $crypto->setKey(static::generateSymmetricKey($password, 32));
+            $crypto->setIV(str_repeat("\0", $crypto->getBlockLength() >> 3));
+            $crypto->disablePadding();
+            $private = $crypto->encrypt($private);
+            $hashkey = 'putty-private-key-file-mac-key' . $password;
+        }
+
+        $private = Base64::encode($private);
+        $key.= 'Private-Lines: ' . ((strlen($private) + 63) >> 6) . "\r\n";
+        $key.= chunk_split($private, 64);
+        $hash = new Hash('sha1');
+        $hash->setKey(sha1($hashkey, true));
+        $key.= 'Private-MAC: ' . Hex::encode($hash->hash($source)) . "\r\n";
+
+        return $key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePublicKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e)
+    {
+        $n = $n->toBytes(true);
+        $e = $e->toBytes(true);
+
+        $key = pack(
+            'Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen('ssh-rsa'),
+            'ssh-rsa',
+            strlen($e),
+            $e,
+            strlen($n),
+            $n
+        );
+        $key = "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----\r\n" .
+               'Comment: "' . str_replace(array('\\', '"'), array('\\\\', '\"'), self::$comment) . "\"\r\n";
+               chunk_split(Base64::encode($key), 64) .
+               '---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----';
+
+        return $key;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/Raw.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/Raw.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d399252163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/Raw.php
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Raw RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * An array containing two \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger objects.
+ *
+ * The exponent can be indexed with any of the following:
+ *
+ * 0, e, exponent, publicExponent
+ *
+ * The modulus can be indexed with any of the following:
+ *
+ * 1, n, modulo, modulus
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Raw RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class Raw
+{
+    /**
+     * Break a public or private key down into its constituent components
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return array
+     */
+    static function load($key, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!is_array($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isset($key['isPublicKey']) && isset($key['modulus'])) {
+            if (isset($key['privateExponent']) || isset($key['publicExponent'])) {
+                if (!isset($key['primes'])) {
+                    return $key;
+                }
+                if (isset($key['exponents']) && isset($key['coefficients']) && isset($key['publicExponent']) && isset($key['privateExponent'])) {
+                    return $key;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        $components = array('isPublicKey' => true);
+        switch (true) {
+            case isset($key['e']):
+                $components['publicExponent'] = $key['e'];
+                break;
+            case isset($key['exponent']):
+                $components['publicExponent'] = $key['exponent'];
+                break;
+            case isset($key['publicExponent']):
+                $components['publicExponent'] = $key['publicExponent'];
+                break;
+            case isset($key[0]):
+                $components['publicExponent'] = $key[0];
+        }
+        switch (true) {
+            case isset($key['n']):
+                $components['modulus'] = $key['n'];
+                break;
+            case isset($key['modulo']):
+                $components['modulus'] = $key['modulo'];
+                break;
+            case isset($key['modulus']):
+                $components['modulus'] = $key['modulus'];
+                break;
+            case isset($key[1]):
+                $components['modulus'] = $key[1];
+        }
+        return isset($components['modulus']) && isset($components['publicExponent']) ? $components : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePublicKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e)
+    {
+        return array('e' => clone $e, 'n' => clone $n);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/XML.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/XML.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a257033b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/XML.php
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * XML Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * More info:
+ *
+ * http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/#sec-RSAKeyValue
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Signature
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   RSA
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * XML Formatted RSA Key Handler
+ *
+ * @package RSA
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class XML
+{
+    /**
+     * Break a public or private key down into its constituent components
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $key
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return array
+     */
+    static function load($key, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!is_string($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $components = array(
+            'isPublicKey' => false,
+            'primes' => array(),
+            'exponents' => array(),
+            'coefficients' => array()
+        );
+
+        $use_errors = libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
+
+        $dom = new \DOMDocument();
+        if (!$dom->loadXML('<xml>' . $key . '</xml>')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $xpath = new \DOMXPath($dom);
+        $keys = array('modulus', 'exponent', 'p', 'q', 'dp', 'dq', 'inverseq', 'd');
+        foreach ($keys as $key) {
+            // $dom->getElementsByTagName($key) is case-sensitive
+            $temp = $xpath->query("//*[translate(local-name(), 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ','abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')='$key']");
+            if (!$temp->length) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $value = new BigInteger(Base64::decode($temp->item(0)->nodeValue), 256);
+            switch ($key) {
+                case 'modulus':
+                    $components['modulus'] = $value;
+                    break;
+                case 'exponent':
+                    $components['publicExponent'] = $value;
+                    break;
+                case 'p':
+                    $components['primes'][1] = $value;
+                    break;
+                case 'q':
+                    $components['primes'][2] = $value;
+                    break;
+                case 'dp':
+                    $components['exponents'][1] = $value;
+                    break;
+                case 'dq':
+                    $components['exponents'][2] = $value;
+                    break;
+                case 'inverseq':
+                    $components['coefficients'][2] = $value;
+                    break;
+                case 'd':
+                    $components['privateExponent'] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        libxml_use_internal_errors($use_errors);
+
+        return isset($components['modulus']) && isset($components['publicExponent']) ? $components : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a private key to the appropriate format.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $d
+     * @param array $primes
+     * @param array $exponents
+     * @param array $coefficients
+     * @param string $password optional
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e, BigInteger $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (count($primes) != 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return "<RSAKeyValue>\r\n" .
+               '  <Modulus>' . Base64::encode($n->toBytes()) . "</Modulus>\r\n" .
+               '  <Exponent>' . Base64::encode($e->toBytes()) . "</Exponent>\r\n" .
+               '  <P>' . Base64::encode($primes[1]->toBytes()) . "</P>\r\n" .
+               '  <Q>' . Base64::encode($primes[2]->toBytes()) . "</Q>\r\n" .
+               '  <DP>' . Base64::encode($exponents[1]->toBytes()) . "</DP>\r\n" .
+               '  <DQ>' . Base64::encode($exponents[2]->toBytes()) . "</DQ>\r\n" .
+               '  <InverseQ>' . Base64::encode($coefficients[2]->toBytes()) . "</InverseQ>\r\n" .
+               '  <D>' . Base64::encode($d->toBytes()) . "</D>\r\n" .
+               '</RSAKeyValue>';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function savePublicKey(BigInteger $n, BigInteger $e)
+    {
+        return "<RSAKeyValue>\r\n" .
+               '  <Modulus>' . Base64::encode($n->toBytes()) . "</Modulus>\r\n" .
+               '  <Exponent>' . Base64::encode($e->toBytes()) . "</Exponent>\r\n" .
+               '</RSAKeyValue>';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
index 948512da7f..5e412e8fb8 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
@@ -1,218 +1,172 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Random Number Generator
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/Random.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    echo bin2hex(crypt_random_string(8));
+ *    echo bin2hex(\phpseclib\Crypt\Random::string(8));
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- * 
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- * 
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_Random
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   Random
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**
- * "Is Windows" test
- *
- * @access private
- */
-define('CRYPT_RANDOM_IS_WINDOWS', strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN');
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
- * Generate a random string.
- *
- * Although microoptimizations are generally discouraged as they impair readability this function is ripe with
- * microoptimizations because this function has the potential of being called a huge number of times.
- * eg. for RSA key generation.
+ * Pure-PHP Random Number Generator
  *
- * @param Integer $length
- * @return String
- * @access public
+ * @package Random
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
  */
-function crypt_random_string($length)
+class Random
 {
-    if (CRYPT_RANDOM_IS_WINDOWS) {
-        // method 1. prior to PHP 5.3 this would call rand() on windows hence the function_exists('class_alias') call.
-        // ie. class_alias is a function that was introduced in PHP 5.3
-        if (function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv') && function_exists('class_alias')) {
-            return mcrypt_create_iv($length);
-        }
-        // method 2. openssl_random_pseudo_bytes was introduced in PHP 5.3.0 but prior to PHP 5.3.4 there was,
-        // to quote <http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php#5.3.4>, "possible blocking behavior". as of 5.3.4
-        // openssl_random_pseudo_bytes and mcrypt_create_iv do the exact same thing on Windows. ie. they both
-        // call php_win32_get_random_bytes():
-        //
-        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/ext/openssl/openssl.c#L5008
-        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/ext/mcrypt/mcrypt.c#L1392
-        //
-        // php_win32_get_random_bytes() is defined thusly:
-        //
-        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/win32/winutil.c#L80
-        //
-        // we're calling it, all the same, in the off chance that the mcrypt extension is not available
-        if (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes') && version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.4', '>=')) {
-            return openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length);
+    /**
+     * Generate a random string.
+     *
+     * Although microoptimizations are generally discouraged as they impair readability this function is ripe with
+     * microoptimizations because this function has the potential of being called a huge number of times.
+     * eg. for RSA key generation.
+     *
+     * @param int $length
+     * @throws \RuntimeException if a symmetric cipher is needed but not loaded
+     * @return string
+     */
+    static function string($length)
+    {
+        try {
+            return \random_bytes($length);
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            // random_compat will throw an Exception, which in PHP 5 does not implement Throwable
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            // If a sufficient source of randomness is unavailable, random_bytes() will throw an
+            // object that implements the Throwable interface (Exception, TypeError, Error).
+            // We don't actually need to do anything here. The string() method should just continue
+            // as normal. Note, however, that if we don't have a sufficient source of randomness for
+            // random_bytes(), most of the other calls here will fail too, so we'll end up using
+            // the PHP implementation.
         }
-    } else {
-        // method 1. the fastest
-        if (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
-            return openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length);
-        }
-        // method 2
-        static $fp = true;
-        if ($fp === true) {
-            // warning's will be output unles the error suppression operator is used. errors such as
-            // "open_basedir restriction in effect", "Permission denied", "No such file or directory", etc.
-            $fp = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb');
-        }
-        if ($fp !== true && $fp !== false) { // surprisingly faster than !is_bool() or is_resource()
-            return fread($fp, $length);
-        }
-        // method 3. pretty much does the same thing as method 2 per the following url:
-        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/ext/mcrypt/mcrypt.c#L1391
-        // surprisingly slower than method 2. maybe that's because mcrypt_create_iv does a bunch of error checking that we're
-        // not doing. regardless, this'll only be called if this PHP script couldn't open /dev/urandom due to open_basedir
-        // restrictions or some such
-        if (function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
-            return mcrypt_create_iv($length, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
-        }
-    }
-    // at this point we have no choice but to use a pure-PHP CSPRNG
+        // at this point we have no choice but to use a pure-PHP CSPRNG
 
-    // cascade entropy across multiple PHP instances by fixing the session and collecting all
-    // environmental variables, including the previous session data and the current session
-    // data.
-    //
-    // mt_rand seeds itself by looking at the PID and the time, both of which are (relatively)
-    // easy to guess at. linux uses mouse clicks, keyboard timings, etc, as entropy sources, but
-    // PHP isn't low level to be able to use those as sources and on a web server there's not likely
-    // going to be a ton of keyboard or mouse action. web servers do have one thing that we can use
-    // however. a ton of people visiting the website. obviously you don't want to base your seeding
-    // soley on parameters a potential attacker sends but (1) not everything in $_SERVER is controlled
-    // by the user and (2) this isn't just looking at the data sent by the current user - it's based
-    // on the data sent by all users. one user requests the page and a hash of their info is saved.
-    // another user visits the page and the serialization of their data is utilized along with the
-    // server envirnment stuff and a hash of the previous http request data (which itself utilizes
-    // a hash of the session data before that). certainly an attacker should be assumed to have
-    // full control over his own http requests. he, however, is not going to have control over
-    // everyone's http requests.
-    static $crypto = false, $v;
-    if ($crypto === false) {
-        // save old session data
-        $old_session_id = session_id();
-        $old_use_cookies = ini_get('session.use_cookies');
-        $old_session_cache_limiter = session_cache_limiter();
-        if (isset($_SESSION)) {
-            $_OLD_SESSION = $_SESSION;
-        }
-        if ($old_session_id != '') {
-            session_write_close();
-        }
+        // cascade entropy across multiple PHP instances by fixing the session and collecting all
+        // environmental variables, including the previous session data and the current session
+        // data.
+        //
+        // mt_rand seeds itself by looking at the PID and the time, both of which are (relatively)
+        // easy to guess at. linux uses mouse clicks, keyboard timings, etc, as entropy sources, but
+        // PHP isn't low level to be able to use those as sources and on a web server there's not likely
+        // going to be a ton of keyboard or mouse action. web servers do have one thing that we can use
+        // however, a ton of people visiting the website. obviously you don't want to base your seeding
+        // soley on parameters a potential attacker sends but (1) not everything in $_SERVER is controlled
+        // by the user and (2) this isn't just looking at the data sent by the current user - it's based
+        // on the data sent by all users. one user requests the page and a hash of their info is saved.
+        // another user visits the page and the serialization of their data is utilized along with the
+        // server envirnment stuff and a hash of the previous http request data (which itself utilizes
+        // a hash of the session data before that). certainly an attacker should be assumed to have
+        // full control over his own http requests. he, however, is not going to have control over
+        // everyone's http requests.
+        static $crypto = false, $v;
+        if ($crypto === false) {
+            // save old session data
+            $old_session_id = session_id();
+            $old_use_cookies = ini_get('session.use_cookies');
+            $old_session_cache_limiter = session_cache_limiter();
+            $_OLD_SESSION = isset($_SESSION) ? $_SESSION : false;
+            if ($old_session_id != '') {
+                session_write_close();
+            }
 
-        session_id(1);
-        ini_set('session.use_cookies', 0);
-        session_cache_limiter('');
-        session_start();
+            session_id(1);
+            ini_set('session.use_cookies', 0);
+            session_cache_limiter('');
+            session_start();
 
-        $v = $seed = $_SESSION['seed'] = pack('H*', sha1(
-            serialize($_SERVER) .
-            serialize($_POST) .
-            serialize($_GET) .
-            serialize($_COOKIE) .
-            serialize($GLOBALS) .
-            serialize($_SESSION) .
-            serialize($_OLD_SESSION)
-        ));
-        if (!isset($_SESSION['count'])) {
-            $_SESSION['count'] = 0;
-        }
-        $_SESSION['count']++;
+            $v = (isset($_SERVER) ? self::safe_serialize($_SERVER) : '') .
+                 (isset($_POST) ? self::safe_serialize($_POST) : '') .
+                 (isset($_GET) ? self::safe_serialize($_GET) : '') .
+                 (isset($_COOKIE) ? self::safe_serialize($_COOKIE) : '') .
+                 self::safe_serialize($GLOBALS) .
+                 self::safe_serialize($_SESSION) .
+                 self::safe_serialize($_OLD_SESSION);
+            $v = $seed = $_SESSION['seed'] = sha1($v, true);
+            if (!isset($_SESSION['count'])) {
+                $_SESSION['count'] = 0;
+            }
+            $_SESSION['count']++;
 
-        session_write_close();
+            session_write_close();
 
-        // restore old session data
-        if ($old_session_id != '') {
-            session_id($old_session_id);
-            session_start();
-            ini_set('session.use_cookies', $old_use_cookies);
-            session_cache_limiter($old_session_cache_limiter);
-        } else {
-           if (isset($_OLD_SESSION)) {
-               $_SESSION = $_OLD_SESSION;
-               unset($_OLD_SESSION);
+            // restore old session data
+            if ($old_session_id != '') {
+                session_id($old_session_id);
+                session_start();
+                ini_set('session.use_cookies', $old_use_cookies);
+                session_cache_limiter($old_session_cache_limiter);
             } else {
-                unset($_SESSION);
+                if ($_OLD_SESSION !== false) {
+                    $_SESSION = $_OLD_SESSION;
+                    unset($_OLD_SESSION);
+                } else {
+                    unset($_SESSION);
+                }
             }
-        }
 
-        // in SSH2 a shared secret and an exchange hash are generated through the key exchange process.
-        // the IV client to server is the hash of that "nonce" with the letter A and for the encryption key it's the letter C.
-        // if the hash doesn't produce enough a key or an IV that's long enough concat successive hashes of the
-        // original hash and the current hash. we'll be emulating that. for more info see the following URL:
-        //
-        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-7.2
-        //
-        // see the is_string($crypto) part for an example of how to expand the keys
-        $key = pack('H*', sha1($seed . 'A'));
-        $iv = pack('H*', sha1($seed . 'C'));
+            // in SSH2 a shared secret and an exchange hash are generated through the key exchange process.
+            // the IV client to server is the hash of that "nonce" with the letter A and for the encryption key it's the letter C.
+            // if the hash doesn't produce enough a key or an IV that's long enough concat successive hashes of the
+            // original hash and the current hash. we'll be emulating that. for more info see the following URL:
+            //
+            // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-7.2
+            //
+            // see the is_string($crypto) part for an example of how to expand the keys
+            $key = sha1($seed . 'A', true);
+            $iv = sha1($seed . 'C', true);
 
-        // ciphers are used as per the nist.gov link below. also, see this link:
-        //
-        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator#Designs_based_on_cryptographic_primitives
-        switch (true) {
-            case class_exists('Crypt_AES'):
-                $crypto = new Crypt_AES(CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR);
-                break;
-            case class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES'):
-                $crypto = new Crypt_TripleDES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR);
-                break;
-            case class_exists('Crypt_DES'):
-                $crypto = new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR);
-                break;
-            case class_exists('Crypt_RC4'):
-                $crypto = new Crypt_RC4();
-                break;
-            default:
-                $crypto = $seed;
-                return crypt_random_string($length);
+            // ciphers are used as per the nist.gov link below. also, see this link:
+            //
+            // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator#Designs_based_on_cryptographic_primitives
+            switch (true) {
+                case class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\AES'):
+                    $crypto = new AES(Base::MODE_CTR);
+                    break;
+                case class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish'):
+                    $crypto = new Twofish(Base::MODE_CTR);
+                    break;
+                case class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\Blowfish'):
+                    $crypto = new Blowfish(Base::MODE_CTR);
+                    break;
+                case class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES'):
+                    $crypto = new TripleDES(Base::MODE_CTR);
+                    break;
+                case class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\DES'):
+                    $crypto = new DES(Base::MODE_CTR);
+                    break;
+                case class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\RC4'):
+                    $crypto = new RC4();
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new \RuntimeException(__CLASS__ . ' requires at least one symmetric cipher be loaded');
+            }
+
+            $crypto->setKey($key);
+            $crypto->setIV($iv);
+            $crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
         }
 
-        $crypto->setKey($key);
-        $crypto->setIV($iv);
-        $crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
-    }
+        //return $crypto->encrypt(str_repeat("\0", $length));
 
-    if (is_string($crypto)) {
         // the following is based off of ANSI X9.31:
         //
         // http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cavp/documents/rng/931rngext.pdf
@@ -221,29 +175,45 @@ function crypt_random_string($length)
         //
         // http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/OpenSSL/OpenSSL-38/openssl/fips-1.0/rand/fips_rand.c
         // (do a search for "ANS X9.31 A.2.4")
-        //
-        // ANSI X9.31 recommends ciphers be used and phpseclib does use them if they're available (see
-        // later on in the code) but if they're not we'll use sha1
         $result = '';
-        while (strlen($result) < $length) { // each loop adds 20 bytes
-            // microtime() isn't packed as "densely" as it could be but then neither is that the idea.
-            // the idea is simply to ensure that each "block" has a unique element to it.
-            $i = pack('H*', sha1(microtime()));
-            $r = pack('H*', sha1($i ^ $v));
-            $v = pack('H*', sha1($r ^ $i));
+        while (strlen($result) < $length) {
+            $i = $crypto->encrypt(microtime()); // strlen(microtime()) == 21
+            $r = $crypto->encrypt($i ^ $v); // strlen($v) == 20
+            $v = $crypto->encrypt($r ^ $i); // strlen($r) == 20
             $result.= $r;
         }
         return substr($result, 0, $length);
     }
 
-    //return $crypto->encrypt(str_repeat("\0", $length));
-
-    $result = '';
-    while (strlen($result) < $length) {
-        $i = $crypto->encrypt(microtime());
-        $r = $crypto->encrypt($i ^ $v);
-        $v = $crypto->encrypt($r ^ $i);
-        $result.= $r;
+    /**
+     * Safely serialize variables
+     *
+     * If a class has a private __sleep() it'll emit a warning
+     *
+     * @param mixed $arr
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function safe_serialize(&$arr)
+    {
+        if (is_object($arr)) {
+            return '';
+        }
+        if (!is_array($arr)) {
+            return serialize($arr);
+        }
+        // prevent circular array recursion
+        if (isset($arr['__phpseclib_marker'])) {
+            return '';
+        }
+        $safearr = array();
+        $arr['__phpseclib_marker'] = true;
+        foreach (array_keys($arr) as $key) {
+            // do not recurse on the '__phpseclib_marker' key itself, for smaller memory usage
+            if ($key !== '__phpseclib_marker') {
+                $safearr[$key] = self::safe_serialize($arr[$key]);
+            }
+        }
+        unset($arr['__phpseclib_marker']);
+        return serialize($safearr);
     }
-    return substr($result, 0, $length);
 }
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Rijndael.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Rijndael.php
index c63e0ff7e3..c98f02e252 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Rijndael.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Rijndael.php
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Rijndael.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available/possible, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
- * If {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setBlockLength() setBlockLength()} isn't called, it'll be assumed to be 128 bits.  If
- * {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setKeyLength() setKeyLength()} isn't called, it'll be calculated from
- * {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setKey() setKey()}.  ie. if the key is 128-bits, the key length will be 128-bits.  If it's
+ * If {@link self::setBlockLength() setBlockLength()} isn't called, it'll be assumed to be 128 bits.  If
+ * {@link self::setKeyLength() setKeyLength()} isn't called, it'll be calculated from
+ * {@link self::setKey() setKey()}.  ie. if the key is 128-bits, the key length will be 128-bits.  If it's
  * 136-bits it'll be null-padded to 192-bits and 192 bits will be the key length until
- * {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setKey() setKey()} is called, again, at which point, it'll be recalculated.
+ * {@link self::setKey() setKey()} is called, again, at which point, it'll be recalculated.
  *
  * Not all Rijndael implementations may support 160-bits or 224-bits as the block length / key length.  mcrypt, for example,
  * does not.  AES, itself, only supports block lengths of 128 and key lengths of 128, 192, and 256.
@@ -29,9 +28,9 @@
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/Rijndael.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $rijndael = new Crypt_Rijndael();
+ *    $rijndael = new \phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael();
  *
  *    $rijndael->setKey('abcdefghijklmnop');
  *
@@ -45,134 +44,37 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_Rijndael
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVIII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   Rijndael
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2008 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Base
- *
- * Base cipher class
- */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Base')) {
-    require_once('Base.php');
-}
-
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_Rijndael::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_Rijndael::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
- *
- * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CTR', CRYPT_MODE_CTR);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB', CRYPT_MODE_ECB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC', CRYPT_MODE_CBC);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CFB', CRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_OFB', CRYPT_MODE_OFB);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_Rijndael::Crypt_Rijndael()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_INTERNAL', CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-/**
- * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_MCRYPT', CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Rijndael.
  *
+ * @package Rijndael
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 0.1.0
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_Rijndael
  */
-class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
-    /**
-     * The default password key_size used by setPassword()
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_key_size
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var Integer
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $password_key_size = 16;
-
-    /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $const_namespace = 'RIJNDAEL';
-
+class Rijndael extends Base
+{
     /**
      * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * Mcrypt is useable for 128/192/256-bit $block_size/$key_size. For 160/224 not.
-     * Crypt_Rijndael determines automatically whether mcrypt is useable
-     * or not for the current $block_size/$key_size.
-     * In case of, $cipher_name_mcrypt will be set dynamicaly at run time accordingly.
+     * Mcrypt is useable for 128/192/256-bit $block_size/$key_length. For 160/224 not.
+     * \phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael determines automatically whether mcrypt is useable
+     * or not for the current $block_size/$key_length.
+     * In case of, $cipher_name_mcrypt will be set dynamically at run time accordingly.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @see Crypt_Base::engine
-     * @see _setupEngine()
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::engine
+     * @see self::isValidEngine()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'rijndael-128';
@@ -180,27 +82,18 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The default salt used by setPassword()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_default_salt
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::password_default_salt
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setPassword()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $password_default_salt = 'phpseclib';
 
-    /**
-     * Has the key length explicitly been set or should it be derived from the key, itself?
-     *
-     * @see setKeyLength()
-     * @var Boolean
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $explicit_key_length = false;
-
     /**
      * The Key Schedule
      *
-     * @see _setup()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::_setup()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $w;
@@ -208,8 +101,8 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Inverse Key Schedule
      *
-     * @see _setup()
-     * @var Array
+     * @see self::_setup()
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $dw;
@@ -217,35 +110,34 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Block Length divided by 32
      *
-     * @see setBlockLength()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::setBlockLength()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      * @internal The max value is 256 / 32 = 8, the min value is 128 / 32 = 4.  Exists in conjunction with $block_size
      *    because the encryption / decryption / key schedule creation requires this number and not $block_size.  We could
      *    derive this from $block_size or vice versa, but that'd mean we'd have to do multiple shift operations, so in lieu
      *    of that, we'll just precompute it once.
-     *
      */
     var $Nb = 4;
 
     /**
-     * The Key Length
+     * The Key Length (in bytes)
      *
-     * @see setKeyLength()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      * @internal The max value is 256 / 8 = 32, the min value is 128 / 8 = 16.  Exists in conjunction with $Nk
-     *    because the encryption / decryption / key schedule creation requires this number and not $key_size.  We could
-     *    derive this from $key_size or vice versa, but that'd mean we'd have to do multiple shift operations, so in lieu
+     *    because the encryption / decryption / key schedule creation requires this number and not $key_length.  We could
+     *    derive this from $key_length or vice versa, but that'd mean we'd have to do multiple shift operations, so in lieu
      *    of that, we'll just precompute it once.
      */
-    var $key_size = 16;
+    var $key_length = 16;
 
     /**
      * The Key Length divided by 32
      *
-     * @see setKeyLength()
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see self::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      * @internal The max value is 256 / 32 = 8, the min value is 128 / 32 = 4
      */
@@ -254,7 +146,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Number of Rounds
      *
-     * @var Integer
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      * @internal The max value is 14, the min value is 10.
      */
@@ -263,7 +155,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Shift offsets
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $c;
@@ -271,481 +163,31 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Holds the last used key- and block_size information
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $kl;
 
-    /**
-     * Precomputed mixColumns table
-     *
-     * According to <http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=19> (section 5.2.1),
-     * precomputed tables can be used in the mixColumns phase.  in that example, they're assigned t0...t3, so
-     * those are the names we'll use.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $t0 = array(
-        0xC66363A5, 0xF87C7C84, 0xEE777799, 0xF67B7B8D, 0xFFF2F20D, 0xD66B6BBD, 0xDE6F6FB1, 0x91C5C554,
-        0x60303050, 0x02010103, 0xCE6767A9, 0x562B2B7D, 0xE7FEFE19, 0xB5D7D762, 0x4DABABE6, 0xEC76769A,
-        0x8FCACA45, 0x1F82829D, 0x89C9C940, 0xFA7D7D87, 0xEFFAFA15, 0xB25959EB, 0x8E4747C9, 0xFBF0F00B,
-        0x41ADADEC, 0xB3D4D467, 0x5FA2A2FD, 0x45AFAFEA, 0x239C9CBF, 0x53A4A4F7, 0xE4727296, 0x9BC0C05B,
-        0x75B7B7C2, 0xE1FDFD1C, 0x3D9393AE, 0x4C26266A, 0x6C36365A, 0x7E3F3F41, 0xF5F7F702, 0x83CCCC4F,
-        0x6834345C, 0x51A5A5F4, 0xD1E5E534, 0xF9F1F108, 0xE2717193, 0xABD8D873, 0x62313153, 0x2A15153F,
-        0x0804040C, 0x95C7C752, 0x46232365, 0x9DC3C35E, 0x30181828, 0x379696A1, 0x0A05050F, 0x2F9A9AB5,
-        0x0E070709, 0x24121236, 0x1B80809B, 0xDFE2E23D, 0xCDEBEB26, 0x4E272769, 0x7FB2B2CD, 0xEA75759F,
-        0x1209091B, 0x1D83839E, 0x582C2C74, 0x341A1A2E, 0x361B1B2D, 0xDC6E6EB2, 0xB45A5AEE, 0x5BA0A0FB,
-        0xA45252F6, 0x763B3B4D, 0xB7D6D661, 0x7DB3B3CE, 0x5229297B, 0xDDE3E33E, 0x5E2F2F71, 0x13848497,
-        0xA65353F5, 0xB9D1D168, 0x00000000, 0xC1EDED2C, 0x40202060, 0xE3FCFC1F, 0x79B1B1C8, 0xB65B5BED,
-        0xD46A6ABE, 0x8DCBCB46, 0x67BEBED9, 0x7239394B, 0x944A4ADE, 0x984C4CD4, 0xB05858E8, 0x85CFCF4A,
-        0xBBD0D06B, 0xC5EFEF2A, 0x4FAAAAE5, 0xEDFBFB16, 0x864343C5, 0x9A4D4DD7, 0x66333355, 0x11858594,
-        0x8A4545CF, 0xE9F9F910, 0x04020206, 0xFE7F7F81, 0xA05050F0, 0x783C3C44, 0x259F9FBA, 0x4BA8A8E3,
-        0xA25151F3, 0x5DA3A3FE, 0x804040C0, 0x058F8F8A, 0x3F9292AD, 0x219D9DBC, 0x70383848, 0xF1F5F504,
-        0x63BCBCDF, 0x77B6B6C1, 0xAFDADA75, 0x42212163, 0x20101030, 0xE5FFFF1A, 0xFDF3F30E, 0xBFD2D26D,
-        0x81CDCD4C, 0x180C0C14, 0x26131335, 0xC3ECEC2F, 0xBE5F5FE1, 0x359797A2, 0x884444CC, 0x2E171739,
-        0x93C4C457, 0x55A7A7F2, 0xFC7E7E82, 0x7A3D3D47, 0xC86464AC, 0xBA5D5DE7, 0x3219192B, 0xE6737395,
-        0xC06060A0, 0x19818198, 0x9E4F4FD1, 0xA3DCDC7F, 0x44222266, 0x542A2A7E, 0x3B9090AB, 0x0B888883,
-        0x8C4646CA, 0xC7EEEE29, 0x6BB8B8D3, 0x2814143C, 0xA7DEDE79, 0xBC5E5EE2, 0x160B0B1D, 0xADDBDB76,
-        0xDBE0E03B, 0x64323256, 0x743A3A4E, 0x140A0A1E, 0x924949DB, 0x0C06060A, 0x4824246C, 0xB85C5CE4,
-        0x9FC2C25D, 0xBDD3D36E, 0x43ACACEF, 0xC46262A6, 0x399191A8, 0x319595A4, 0xD3E4E437, 0xF279798B,
-        0xD5E7E732, 0x8BC8C843, 0x6E373759, 0xDA6D6DB7, 0x018D8D8C, 0xB1D5D564, 0x9C4E4ED2, 0x49A9A9E0,
-        0xD86C6CB4, 0xAC5656FA, 0xF3F4F407, 0xCFEAEA25, 0xCA6565AF, 0xF47A7A8E, 0x47AEAEE9, 0x10080818,
-        0x6FBABAD5, 0xF0787888, 0x4A25256F, 0x5C2E2E72, 0x381C1C24, 0x57A6A6F1, 0x73B4B4C7, 0x97C6C651,
-        0xCBE8E823, 0xA1DDDD7C, 0xE874749C, 0x3E1F1F21, 0x964B4BDD, 0x61BDBDDC, 0x0D8B8B86, 0x0F8A8A85,
-        0xE0707090, 0x7C3E3E42, 0x71B5B5C4, 0xCC6666AA, 0x904848D8, 0x06030305, 0xF7F6F601, 0x1C0E0E12,
-        0xC26161A3, 0x6A35355F, 0xAE5757F9, 0x69B9B9D0, 0x17868691, 0x99C1C158, 0x3A1D1D27, 0x279E9EB9,
-        0xD9E1E138, 0xEBF8F813, 0x2B9898B3, 0x22111133, 0xD26969BB, 0xA9D9D970, 0x078E8E89, 0x339494A7,
-        0x2D9B9BB6, 0x3C1E1E22, 0x15878792, 0xC9E9E920, 0x87CECE49, 0xAA5555FF, 0x50282878, 0xA5DFDF7A,
-        0x038C8C8F, 0x59A1A1F8, 0x09898980, 0x1A0D0D17, 0x65BFBFDA, 0xD7E6E631, 0x844242C6, 0xD06868B8,
-        0x824141C3, 0x299999B0, 0x5A2D2D77, 0x1E0F0F11, 0x7BB0B0CB, 0xA85454FC, 0x6DBBBBD6, 0x2C16163A
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Precomputed mixColumns table
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $t1 = array(
-        0xA5C66363, 0x84F87C7C, 0x99EE7777, 0x8DF67B7B, 0x0DFFF2F2, 0xBDD66B6B, 0xB1DE6F6F, 0x5491C5C5,
-        0x50603030, 0x03020101, 0xA9CE6767, 0x7D562B2B, 0x19E7FEFE, 0x62B5D7D7, 0xE64DABAB, 0x9AEC7676,
-        0x458FCACA, 0x9D1F8282, 0x4089C9C9, 0x87FA7D7D, 0x15EFFAFA, 0xEBB25959, 0xC98E4747, 0x0BFBF0F0,
-        0xEC41ADAD, 0x67B3D4D4, 0xFD5FA2A2, 0xEA45AFAF, 0xBF239C9C, 0xF753A4A4, 0x96E47272, 0x5B9BC0C0,
-        0xC275B7B7, 0x1CE1FDFD, 0xAE3D9393, 0x6A4C2626, 0x5A6C3636, 0x417E3F3F, 0x02F5F7F7, 0x4F83CCCC,
-        0x5C683434, 0xF451A5A5, 0x34D1E5E5, 0x08F9F1F1, 0x93E27171, 0x73ABD8D8, 0x53623131, 0x3F2A1515,
-        0x0C080404, 0x5295C7C7, 0x65462323, 0x5E9DC3C3, 0x28301818, 0xA1379696, 0x0F0A0505, 0xB52F9A9A,
-        0x090E0707, 0x36241212, 0x9B1B8080, 0x3DDFE2E2, 0x26CDEBEB, 0x694E2727, 0xCD7FB2B2, 0x9FEA7575,
-        0x1B120909, 0x9E1D8383, 0x74582C2C, 0x2E341A1A, 0x2D361B1B, 0xB2DC6E6E, 0xEEB45A5A, 0xFB5BA0A0,
-        0xF6A45252, 0x4D763B3B, 0x61B7D6D6, 0xCE7DB3B3, 0x7B522929, 0x3EDDE3E3, 0x715E2F2F, 0x97138484,
-        0xF5A65353, 0x68B9D1D1, 0x00000000, 0x2CC1EDED, 0x60402020, 0x1FE3FCFC, 0xC879B1B1, 0xEDB65B5B,
-        0xBED46A6A, 0x468DCBCB, 0xD967BEBE, 0x4B723939, 0xDE944A4A, 0xD4984C4C, 0xE8B05858, 0x4A85CFCF,
-        0x6BBBD0D0, 0x2AC5EFEF, 0xE54FAAAA, 0x16EDFBFB, 0xC5864343, 0xD79A4D4D, 0x55663333, 0x94118585,
-        0xCF8A4545, 0x10E9F9F9, 0x06040202, 0x81FE7F7F, 0xF0A05050, 0x44783C3C, 0xBA259F9F, 0xE34BA8A8,
-        0xF3A25151, 0xFE5DA3A3, 0xC0804040, 0x8A058F8F, 0xAD3F9292, 0xBC219D9D, 0x48703838, 0x04F1F5F5,
-        0xDF63BCBC, 0xC177B6B6, 0x75AFDADA, 0x63422121, 0x30201010, 0x1AE5FFFF, 0x0EFDF3F3, 0x6DBFD2D2,
-        0x4C81CDCD, 0x14180C0C, 0x35261313, 0x2FC3ECEC, 0xE1BE5F5F, 0xA2359797, 0xCC884444, 0x392E1717,
-        0x5793C4C4, 0xF255A7A7, 0x82FC7E7E, 0x477A3D3D, 0xACC86464, 0xE7BA5D5D, 0x2B321919, 0x95E67373,
-        0xA0C06060, 0x98198181, 0xD19E4F4F, 0x7FA3DCDC, 0x66442222, 0x7E542A2A, 0xAB3B9090, 0x830B8888,
-        0xCA8C4646, 0x29C7EEEE, 0xD36BB8B8, 0x3C281414, 0x79A7DEDE, 0xE2BC5E5E, 0x1D160B0B, 0x76ADDBDB,
-        0x3BDBE0E0, 0x56643232, 0x4E743A3A, 0x1E140A0A, 0xDB924949, 0x0A0C0606, 0x6C482424, 0xE4B85C5C,
-        0x5D9FC2C2, 0x6EBDD3D3, 0xEF43ACAC, 0xA6C46262, 0xA8399191, 0xA4319595, 0x37D3E4E4, 0x8BF27979,
-        0x32D5E7E7, 0x438BC8C8, 0x596E3737, 0xB7DA6D6D, 0x8C018D8D, 0x64B1D5D5, 0xD29C4E4E, 0xE049A9A9,
-        0xB4D86C6C, 0xFAAC5656, 0x07F3F4F4, 0x25CFEAEA, 0xAFCA6565, 0x8EF47A7A, 0xE947AEAE, 0x18100808,
-        0xD56FBABA, 0x88F07878, 0x6F4A2525, 0x725C2E2E, 0x24381C1C, 0xF157A6A6, 0xC773B4B4, 0x5197C6C6,
-        0x23CBE8E8, 0x7CA1DDDD, 0x9CE87474, 0x213E1F1F, 0xDD964B4B, 0xDC61BDBD, 0x860D8B8B, 0x850F8A8A,
-        0x90E07070, 0x427C3E3E, 0xC471B5B5, 0xAACC6666, 0xD8904848, 0x05060303, 0x01F7F6F6, 0x121C0E0E,
-        0xA3C26161, 0x5F6A3535, 0xF9AE5757, 0xD069B9B9, 0x91178686, 0x5899C1C1, 0x273A1D1D, 0xB9279E9E,
-        0x38D9E1E1, 0x13EBF8F8, 0xB32B9898, 0x33221111, 0xBBD26969, 0x70A9D9D9, 0x89078E8E, 0xA7339494,
-        0xB62D9B9B, 0x223C1E1E, 0x92158787, 0x20C9E9E9, 0x4987CECE, 0xFFAA5555, 0x78502828, 0x7AA5DFDF,
-        0x8F038C8C, 0xF859A1A1, 0x80098989, 0x171A0D0D, 0xDA65BFBF, 0x31D7E6E6, 0xC6844242, 0xB8D06868,
-        0xC3824141, 0xB0299999, 0x775A2D2D, 0x111E0F0F, 0xCB7BB0B0, 0xFCA85454, 0xD66DBBBB, 0x3A2C1616
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Precomputed mixColumns table
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $t2 = array(
-        0x63A5C663, 0x7C84F87C, 0x7799EE77, 0x7B8DF67B, 0xF20DFFF2, 0x6BBDD66B, 0x6FB1DE6F, 0xC55491C5,
-        0x30506030, 0x01030201, 0x67A9CE67, 0x2B7D562B, 0xFE19E7FE, 0xD762B5D7, 0xABE64DAB, 0x769AEC76,
-        0xCA458FCA, 0x829D1F82, 0xC94089C9, 0x7D87FA7D, 0xFA15EFFA, 0x59EBB259, 0x47C98E47, 0xF00BFBF0,
-        0xADEC41AD, 0xD467B3D4, 0xA2FD5FA2, 0xAFEA45AF, 0x9CBF239C, 0xA4F753A4, 0x7296E472, 0xC05B9BC0,
-        0xB7C275B7, 0xFD1CE1FD, 0x93AE3D93, 0x266A4C26, 0x365A6C36, 0x3F417E3F, 0xF702F5F7, 0xCC4F83CC,
-        0x345C6834, 0xA5F451A5, 0xE534D1E5, 0xF108F9F1, 0x7193E271, 0xD873ABD8, 0x31536231, 0x153F2A15,
-        0x040C0804, 0xC75295C7, 0x23654623, 0xC35E9DC3, 0x18283018, 0x96A13796, 0x050F0A05, 0x9AB52F9A,
-        0x07090E07, 0x12362412, 0x809B1B80, 0xE23DDFE2, 0xEB26CDEB, 0x27694E27, 0xB2CD7FB2, 0x759FEA75,
-        0x091B1209, 0x839E1D83, 0x2C74582C, 0x1A2E341A, 0x1B2D361B, 0x6EB2DC6E, 0x5AEEB45A, 0xA0FB5BA0,
-        0x52F6A452, 0x3B4D763B, 0xD661B7D6, 0xB3CE7DB3, 0x297B5229, 0xE33EDDE3, 0x2F715E2F, 0x84971384,
-        0x53F5A653, 0xD168B9D1, 0x00000000, 0xED2CC1ED, 0x20604020, 0xFC1FE3FC, 0xB1C879B1, 0x5BEDB65B,
-        0x6ABED46A, 0xCB468DCB, 0xBED967BE, 0x394B7239, 0x4ADE944A, 0x4CD4984C, 0x58E8B058, 0xCF4A85CF,
-        0xD06BBBD0, 0xEF2AC5EF, 0xAAE54FAA, 0xFB16EDFB, 0x43C58643, 0x4DD79A4D, 0x33556633, 0x85941185,
-        0x45CF8A45, 0xF910E9F9, 0x02060402, 0x7F81FE7F, 0x50F0A050, 0x3C44783C, 0x9FBA259F, 0xA8E34BA8,
-        0x51F3A251, 0xA3FE5DA3, 0x40C08040, 0x8F8A058F, 0x92AD3F92, 0x9DBC219D, 0x38487038, 0xF504F1F5,
-        0xBCDF63BC, 0xB6C177B6, 0xDA75AFDA, 0x21634221, 0x10302010, 0xFF1AE5FF, 0xF30EFDF3, 0xD26DBFD2,
-        0xCD4C81CD, 0x0C14180C, 0x13352613, 0xEC2FC3EC, 0x5FE1BE5F, 0x97A23597, 0x44CC8844, 0x17392E17,
-        0xC45793C4, 0xA7F255A7, 0x7E82FC7E, 0x3D477A3D, 0x64ACC864, 0x5DE7BA5D, 0x192B3219, 0x7395E673,
-        0x60A0C060, 0x81981981, 0x4FD19E4F, 0xDC7FA3DC, 0x22664422, 0x2A7E542A, 0x90AB3B90, 0x88830B88,
-        0x46CA8C46, 0xEE29C7EE, 0xB8D36BB8, 0x143C2814, 0xDE79A7DE, 0x5EE2BC5E, 0x0B1D160B, 0xDB76ADDB,
-        0xE03BDBE0, 0x32566432, 0x3A4E743A, 0x0A1E140A, 0x49DB9249, 0x060A0C06, 0x246C4824, 0x5CE4B85C,
-        0xC25D9FC2, 0xD36EBDD3, 0xACEF43AC, 0x62A6C462, 0x91A83991, 0x95A43195, 0xE437D3E4, 0x798BF279,
-        0xE732D5E7, 0xC8438BC8, 0x37596E37, 0x6DB7DA6D, 0x8D8C018D, 0xD564B1D5, 0x4ED29C4E, 0xA9E049A9,
-        0x6CB4D86C, 0x56FAAC56, 0xF407F3F4, 0xEA25CFEA, 0x65AFCA65, 0x7A8EF47A, 0xAEE947AE, 0x08181008,
-        0xBAD56FBA, 0x7888F078, 0x256F4A25, 0x2E725C2E, 0x1C24381C, 0xA6F157A6, 0xB4C773B4, 0xC65197C6,
-        0xE823CBE8, 0xDD7CA1DD, 0x749CE874, 0x1F213E1F, 0x4BDD964B, 0xBDDC61BD, 0x8B860D8B, 0x8A850F8A,
-        0x7090E070, 0x3E427C3E, 0xB5C471B5, 0x66AACC66, 0x48D89048, 0x03050603, 0xF601F7F6, 0x0E121C0E,
-        0x61A3C261, 0x355F6A35, 0x57F9AE57, 0xB9D069B9, 0x86911786, 0xC15899C1, 0x1D273A1D, 0x9EB9279E,
-        0xE138D9E1, 0xF813EBF8, 0x98B32B98, 0x11332211, 0x69BBD269, 0xD970A9D9, 0x8E89078E, 0x94A73394,
-        0x9BB62D9B, 0x1E223C1E, 0x87921587, 0xE920C9E9, 0xCE4987CE, 0x55FFAA55, 0x28785028, 0xDF7AA5DF,
-        0x8C8F038C, 0xA1F859A1, 0x89800989, 0x0D171A0D, 0xBFDA65BF, 0xE631D7E6, 0x42C68442, 0x68B8D068,
-        0x41C38241, 0x99B02999, 0x2D775A2D, 0x0F111E0F, 0xB0CB7BB0, 0x54FCA854, 0xBBD66DBB, 0x163A2C16
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Precomputed mixColumns table
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $t3 = array(
-        0x6363A5C6, 0x7C7C84F8, 0x777799EE, 0x7B7B8DF6, 0xF2F20DFF, 0x6B6BBDD6, 0x6F6FB1DE, 0xC5C55491,
-        0x30305060, 0x01010302, 0x6767A9CE, 0x2B2B7D56, 0xFEFE19E7, 0xD7D762B5, 0xABABE64D, 0x76769AEC,
-        0xCACA458F, 0x82829D1F, 0xC9C94089, 0x7D7D87FA, 0xFAFA15EF, 0x5959EBB2, 0x4747C98E, 0xF0F00BFB,
-        0xADADEC41, 0xD4D467B3, 0xA2A2FD5F, 0xAFAFEA45, 0x9C9CBF23, 0xA4A4F753, 0x727296E4, 0xC0C05B9B,
-        0xB7B7C275, 0xFDFD1CE1, 0x9393AE3D, 0x26266A4C, 0x36365A6C, 0x3F3F417E, 0xF7F702F5, 0xCCCC4F83,
-        0x34345C68, 0xA5A5F451, 0xE5E534D1, 0xF1F108F9, 0x717193E2, 0xD8D873AB, 0x31315362, 0x15153F2A,
-        0x04040C08, 0xC7C75295, 0x23236546, 0xC3C35E9D, 0x18182830, 0x9696A137, 0x05050F0A, 0x9A9AB52F,
-        0x0707090E, 0x12123624, 0x80809B1B, 0xE2E23DDF, 0xEBEB26CD, 0x2727694E, 0xB2B2CD7F, 0x75759FEA,
-        0x09091B12, 0x83839E1D, 0x2C2C7458, 0x1A1A2E34, 0x1B1B2D36, 0x6E6EB2DC, 0x5A5AEEB4, 0xA0A0FB5B,
-        0x5252F6A4, 0x3B3B4D76, 0xD6D661B7, 0xB3B3CE7D, 0x29297B52, 0xE3E33EDD, 0x2F2F715E, 0x84849713,
-        0x5353F5A6, 0xD1D168B9, 0x00000000, 0xEDED2CC1, 0x20206040, 0xFCFC1FE3, 0xB1B1C879, 0x5B5BEDB6,
-        0x6A6ABED4, 0xCBCB468D, 0xBEBED967, 0x39394B72, 0x4A4ADE94, 0x4C4CD498, 0x5858E8B0, 0xCFCF4A85,
-        0xD0D06BBB, 0xEFEF2AC5, 0xAAAAE54F, 0xFBFB16ED, 0x4343C586, 0x4D4DD79A, 0x33335566, 0x85859411,
-        0x4545CF8A, 0xF9F910E9, 0x02020604, 0x7F7F81FE, 0x5050F0A0, 0x3C3C4478, 0x9F9FBA25, 0xA8A8E34B,
-        0x5151F3A2, 0xA3A3FE5D, 0x4040C080, 0x8F8F8A05, 0x9292AD3F, 0x9D9DBC21, 0x38384870, 0xF5F504F1,
-        0xBCBCDF63, 0xB6B6C177, 0xDADA75AF, 0x21216342, 0x10103020, 0xFFFF1AE5, 0xF3F30EFD, 0xD2D26DBF,
-        0xCDCD4C81, 0x0C0C1418, 0x13133526, 0xECEC2FC3, 0x5F5FE1BE, 0x9797A235, 0x4444CC88, 0x1717392E,
-        0xC4C45793, 0xA7A7F255, 0x7E7E82FC, 0x3D3D477A, 0x6464ACC8, 0x5D5DE7BA, 0x19192B32, 0x737395E6,
-        0x6060A0C0, 0x81819819, 0x4F4FD19E, 0xDCDC7FA3, 0x22226644, 0x2A2A7E54, 0x9090AB3B, 0x8888830B,
-        0x4646CA8C, 0xEEEE29C7, 0xB8B8D36B, 0x14143C28, 0xDEDE79A7, 0x5E5EE2BC, 0x0B0B1D16, 0xDBDB76AD,
-        0xE0E03BDB, 0x32325664, 0x3A3A4E74, 0x0A0A1E14, 0x4949DB92, 0x06060A0C, 0x24246C48, 0x5C5CE4B8,
-        0xC2C25D9F, 0xD3D36EBD, 0xACACEF43, 0x6262A6C4, 0x9191A839, 0x9595A431, 0xE4E437D3, 0x79798BF2,
-        0xE7E732D5, 0xC8C8438B, 0x3737596E, 0x6D6DB7DA, 0x8D8D8C01, 0xD5D564B1, 0x4E4ED29C, 0xA9A9E049,
-        0x6C6CB4D8, 0x5656FAAC, 0xF4F407F3, 0xEAEA25CF, 0x6565AFCA, 0x7A7A8EF4, 0xAEAEE947, 0x08081810,
-        0xBABAD56F, 0x787888F0, 0x25256F4A, 0x2E2E725C, 0x1C1C2438, 0xA6A6F157, 0xB4B4C773, 0xC6C65197,
-        0xE8E823CB, 0xDDDD7CA1, 0x74749CE8, 0x1F1F213E, 0x4B4BDD96, 0xBDBDDC61, 0x8B8B860D, 0x8A8A850F,
-        0x707090E0, 0x3E3E427C, 0xB5B5C471, 0x6666AACC, 0x4848D890, 0x03030506, 0xF6F601F7, 0x0E0E121C,
-        0x6161A3C2, 0x35355F6A, 0x5757F9AE, 0xB9B9D069, 0x86869117, 0xC1C15899, 0x1D1D273A, 0x9E9EB927,
-        0xE1E138D9, 0xF8F813EB, 0x9898B32B, 0x11113322, 0x6969BBD2, 0xD9D970A9, 0x8E8E8907, 0x9494A733,
-        0x9B9BB62D, 0x1E1E223C, 0x87879215, 0xE9E920C9, 0xCECE4987, 0x5555FFAA, 0x28287850, 0xDFDF7AA5,
-        0x8C8C8F03, 0xA1A1F859, 0x89898009, 0x0D0D171A, 0xBFBFDA65, 0xE6E631D7, 0x4242C684, 0x6868B8D0,
-        0x4141C382, 0x9999B029, 0x2D2D775A, 0x0F0F111E, 0xB0B0CB7B, 0x5454FCA8, 0xBBBBD66D, 0x16163A2C
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $dt0 = array(
-        0x51F4A750, 0x7E416553, 0x1A17A4C3, 0x3A275E96, 0x3BAB6BCB, 0x1F9D45F1, 0xACFA58AB, 0x4BE30393,
-        0x2030FA55, 0xAD766DF6, 0x88CC7691, 0xF5024C25, 0x4FE5D7FC, 0xC52ACBD7, 0x26354480, 0xB562A38F,
-        0xDEB15A49, 0x25BA1B67, 0x45EA0E98, 0x5DFEC0E1, 0xC32F7502, 0x814CF012, 0x8D4697A3, 0x6BD3F9C6,
-        0x038F5FE7, 0x15929C95, 0xBF6D7AEB, 0x955259DA, 0xD4BE832D, 0x587421D3, 0x49E06929, 0x8EC9C844,
-        0x75C2896A, 0xF48E7978, 0x99583E6B, 0x27B971DD, 0xBEE14FB6, 0xF088AD17, 0xC920AC66, 0x7DCE3AB4,
-        0x63DF4A18, 0xE51A3182, 0x97513360, 0x62537F45, 0xB16477E0, 0xBB6BAE84, 0xFE81A01C, 0xF9082B94,
-        0x70486858, 0x8F45FD19, 0x94DE6C87, 0x527BF8B7, 0xAB73D323, 0x724B02E2, 0xE31F8F57, 0x6655AB2A,
-        0xB2EB2807, 0x2FB5C203, 0x86C57B9A, 0xD33708A5, 0x302887F2, 0x23BFA5B2, 0x02036ABA, 0xED16825C,
-        0x8ACF1C2B, 0xA779B492, 0xF307F2F0, 0x4E69E2A1, 0x65DAF4CD, 0x0605BED5, 0xD134621F, 0xC4A6FE8A,
-        0x342E539D, 0xA2F355A0, 0x058AE132, 0xA4F6EB75, 0x0B83EC39, 0x4060EFAA, 0x5E719F06, 0xBD6E1051,
-        0x3E218AF9, 0x96DD063D, 0xDD3E05AE, 0x4DE6BD46, 0x91548DB5, 0x71C45D05, 0x0406D46F, 0x605015FF,
-        0x1998FB24, 0xD6BDE997, 0x894043CC, 0x67D99E77, 0xB0E842BD, 0x07898B88, 0xE7195B38, 0x79C8EEDB,
-        0xA17C0A47, 0x7C420FE9, 0xF8841EC9, 0x00000000, 0x09808683, 0x322BED48, 0x1E1170AC, 0x6C5A724E,
-        0xFD0EFFFB, 0x0F853856, 0x3DAED51E, 0x362D3927, 0x0A0FD964, 0x685CA621, 0x9B5B54D1, 0x24362E3A,
-        0x0C0A67B1, 0x9357E70F, 0xB4EE96D2, 0x1B9B919E, 0x80C0C54F, 0x61DC20A2, 0x5A774B69, 0x1C121A16,
-        0xE293BA0A, 0xC0A02AE5, 0x3C22E043, 0x121B171D, 0x0E090D0B, 0xF28BC7AD, 0x2DB6A8B9, 0x141EA9C8,
-        0x57F11985, 0xAF75074C, 0xEE99DDBB, 0xA37F60FD, 0xF701269F, 0x5C72F5BC, 0x44663BC5, 0x5BFB7E34,
-        0x8B432976, 0xCB23C6DC, 0xB6EDFC68, 0xB8E4F163, 0xD731DCCA, 0x42638510, 0x13972240, 0x84C61120,
-        0x854A247D, 0xD2BB3DF8, 0xAEF93211, 0xC729A16D, 0x1D9E2F4B, 0xDCB230F3, 0x0D8652EC, 0x77C1E3D0,
-        0x2BB3166C, 0xA970B999, 0x119448FA, 0x47E96422, 0xA8FC8CC4, 0xA0F03F1A, 0x567D2CD8, 0x223390EF,
-        0x87494EC7, 0xD938D1C1, 0x8CCAA2FE, 0x98D40B36, 0xA6F581CF, 0xA57ADE28, 0xDAB78E26, 0x3FADBFA4,
-        0x2C3A9DE4, 0x5078920D, 0x6A5FCC9B, 0x547E4662, 0xF68D13C2, 0x90D8B8E8, 0x2E39F75E, 0x82C3AFF5,
-        0x9F5D80BE, 0x69D0937C, 0x6FD52DA9, 0xCF2512B3, 0xC8AC993B, 0x10187DA7, 0xE89C636E, 0xDB3BBB7B,
-        0xCD267809, 0x6E5918F4, 0xEC9AB701, 0x834F9AA8, 0xE6956E65, 0xAAFFE67E, 0x21BCCF08, 0xEF15E8E6,
-        0xBAE79BD9, 0x4A6F36CE, 0xEA9F09D4, 0x29B07CD6, 0x31A4B2AF, 0x2A3F2331, 0xC6A59430, 0x35A266C0,
-        0x744EBC37, 0xFC82CAA6, 0xE090D0B0, 0x33A7D815, 0xF104984A, 0x41ECDAF7, 0x7FCD500E, 0x1791F62F,
-        0x764DD68D, 0x43EFB04D, 0xCCAA4D54, 0xE49604DF, 0x9ED1B5E3, 0x4C6A881B, 0xC12C1FB8, 0x4665517F,
-        0x9D5EEA04, 0x018C355D, 0xFA877473, 0xFB0B412E, 0xB3671D5A, 0x92DBD252, 0xE9105633, 0x6DD64713,
-        0x9AD7618C, 0x37A10C7A, 0x59F8148E, 0xEB133C89, 0xCEA927EE, 0xB761C935, 0xE11CE5ED, 0x7A47B13C,
-        0x9CD2DF59, 0x55F2733F, 0x1814CE79, 0x73C737BF, 0x53F7CDEA, 0x5FFDAA5B, 0xDF3D6F14, 0x7844DB86,
-        0xCAAFF381, 0xB968C43E, 0x3824342C, 0xC2A3405F, 0x161DC372, 0xBCE2250C, 0x283C498B, 0xFF0D9541,
-        0x39A80171, 0x080CB3DE, 0xD8B4E49C, 0x6456C190, 0x7BCB8461, 0xD532B670, 0x486C5C74, 0xD0B85742
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $dt1 = array(
-        0x5051F4A7, 0x537E4165, 0xC31A17A4, 0x963A275E, 0xCB3BAB6B, 0xF11F9D45, 0xABACFA58, 0x934BE303,
-        0x552030FA, 0xF6AD766D, 0x9188CC76, 0x25F5024C, 0xFC4FE5D7, 0xD7C52ACB, 0x80263544, 0x8FB562A3,
-        0x49DEB15A, 0x6725BA1B, 0x9845EA0E, 0xE15DFEC0, 0x02C32F75, 0x12814CF0, 0xA38D4697, 0xC66BD3F9,
-        0xE7038F5F, 0x9515929C, 0xEBBF6D7A, 0xDA955259, 0x2DD4BE83, 0xD3587421, 0x2949E069, 0x448EC9C8,
-        0x6A75C289, 0x78F48E79, 0x6B99583E, 0xDD27B971, 0xB6BEE14F, 0x17F088AD, 0x66C920AC, 0xB47DCE3A,
-        0x1863DF4A, 0x82E51A31, 0x60975133, 0x4562537F, 0xE0B16477, 0x84BB6BAE, 0x1CFE81A0, 0x94F9082B,
-        0x58704868, 0x198F45FD, 0x8794DE6C, 0xB7527BF8, 0x23AB73D3, 0xE2724B02, 0x57E31F8F, 0x2A6655AB,
-        0x07B2EB28, 0x032FB5C2, 0x9A86C57B, 0xA5D33708, 0xF2302887, 0xB223BFA5, 0xBA02036A, 0x5CED1682,
-        0x2B8ACF1C, 0x92A779B4, 0xF0F307F2, 0xA14E69E2, 0xCD65DAF4, 0xD50605BE, 0x1FD13462, 0x8AC4A6FE,
-        0x9D342E53, 0xA0A2F355, 0x32058AE1, 0x75A4F6EB, 0x390B83EC, 0xAA4060EF, 0x065E719F, 0x51BD6E10,
-        0xF93E218A, 0x3D96DD06, 0xAEDD3E05, 0x464DE6BD, 0xB591548D, 0x0571C45D, 0x6F0406D4, 0xFF605015,
-        0x241998FB, 0x97D6BDE9, 0xCC894043, 0x7767D99E, 0xBDB0E842, 0x8807898B, 0x38E7195B, 0xDB79C8EE,
-        0x47A17C0A, 0xE97C420F, 0xC9F8841E, 0x00000000, 0x83098086, 0x48322BED, 0xAC1E1170, 0x4E6C5A72,
-        0xFBFD0EFF, 0x560F8538, 0x1E3DAED5, 0x27362D39, 0x640A0FD9, 0x21685CA6, 0xD19B5B54, 0x3A24362E,
-        0xB10C0A67, 0x0F9357E7, 0xD2B4EE96, 0x9E1B9B91, 0x4F80C0C5, 0xA261DC20, 0x695A774B, 0x161C121A,
-        0x0AE293BA, 0xE5C0A02A, 0x433C22E0, 0x1D121B17, 0x0B0E090D, 0xADF28BC7, 0xB92DB6A8, 0xC8141EA9,
-        0x8557F119, 0x4CAF7507, 0xBBEE99DD, 0xFDA37F60, 0x9FF70126, 0xBC5C72F5, 0xC544663B, 0x345BFB7E,
-        0x768B4329, 0xDCCB23C6, 0x68B6EDFC, 0x63B8E4F1, 0xCAD731DC, 0x10426385, 0x40139722, 0x2084C611,
-        0x7D854A24, 0xF8D2BB3D, 0x11AEF932, 0x6DC729A1, 0x4B1D9E2F, 0xF3DCB230, 0xEC0D8652, 0xD077C1E3,
-        0x6C2BB316, 0x99A970B9, 0xFA119448, 0x2247E964, 0xC4A8FC8C, 0x1AA0F03F, 0xD8567D2C, 0xEF223390,
-        0xC787494E, 0xC1D938D1, 0xFE8CCAA2, 0x3698D40B, 0xCFA6F581, 0x28A57ADE, 0x26DAB78E, 0xA43FADBF,
-        0xE42C3A9D, 0x0D507892, 0x9B6A5FCC, 0x62547E46, 0xC2F68D13, 0xE890D8B8, 0x5E2E39F7, 0xF582C3AF,
-        0xBE9F5D80, 0x7C69D093, 0xA96FD52D, 0xB3CF2512, 0x3BC8AC99, 0xA710187D, 0x6EE89C63, 0x7BDB3BBB,
-        0x09CD2678, 0xF46E5918, 0x01EC9AB7, 0xA8834F9A, 0x65E6956E, 0x7EAAFFE6, 0x0821BCCF, 0xE6EF15E8,
-        0xD9BAE79B, 0xCE4A6F36, 0xD4EA9F09, 0xD629B07C, 0xAF31A4B2, 0x312A3F23, 0x30C6A594, 0xC035A266,
-        0x37744EBC, 0xA6FC82CA, 0xB0E090D0, 0x1533A7D8, 0x4AF10498, 0xF741ECDA, 0x0E7FCD50, 0x2F1791F6,
-        0x8D764DD6, 0x4D43EFB0, 0x54CCAA4D, 0xDFE49604, 0xE39ED1B5, 0x1B4C6A88, 0xB8C12C1F, 0x7F466551,
-        0x049D5EEA, 0x5D018C35, 0x73FA8774, 0x2EFB0B41, 0x5AB3671D, 0x5292DBD2, 0x33E91056, 0x136DD647,
-        0x8C9AD761, 0x7A37A10C, 0x8E59F814, 0x89EB133C, 0xEECEA927, 0x35B761C9, 0xEDE11CE5, 0x3C7A47B1,
-        0x599CD2DF, 0x3F55F273, 0x791814CE, 0xBF73C737, 0xEA53F7CD, 0x5B5FFDAA, 0x14DF3D6F, 0x867844DB,
-        0x81CAAFF3, 0x3EB968C4, 0x2C382434, 0x5FC2A340, 0x72161DC3, 0x0CBCE225, 0x8B283C49, 0x41FF0D95,
-        0x7139A801, 0xDE080CB3, 0x9CD8B4E4, 0x906456C1, 0x617BCB84, 0x70D532B6, 0x74486C5C, 0x42D0B857
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $dt2 = array(
-        0xA75051F4, 0x65537E41, 0xA4C31A17, 0x5E963A27, 0x6BCB3BAB, 0x45F11F9D, 0x58ABACFA, 0x03934BE3,
-        0xFA552030, 0x6DF6AD76, 0x769188CC, 0x4C25F502, 0xD7FC4FE5, 0xCBD7C52A, 0x44802635, 0xA38FB562,
-        0x5A49DEB1, 0x1B6725BA, 0x0E9845EA, 0xC0E15DFE, 0x7502C32F, 0xF012814C, 0x97A38D46, 0xF9C66BD3,
-        0x5FE7038F, 0x9C951592, 0x7AEBBF6D, 0x59DA9552, 0x832DD4BE, 0x21D35874, 0x692949E0, 0xC8448EC9,
-        0x896A75C2, 0x7978F48E, 0x3E6B9958, 0x71DD27B9, 0x4FB6BEE1, 0xAD17F088, 0xAC66C920, 0x3AB47DCE,
-        0x4A1863DF, 0x3182E51A, 0x33609751, 0x7F456253, 0x77E0B164, 0xAE84BB6B, 0xA01CFE81, 0x2B94F908,
-        0x68587048, 0xFD198F45, 0x6C8794DE, 0xF8B7527B, 0xD323AB73, 0x02E2724B, 0x8F57E31F, 0xAB2A6655,
-        0x2807B2EB, 0xC2032FB5, 0x7B9A86C5, 0x08A5D337, 0x87F23028, 0xA5B223BF, 0x6ABA0203, 0x825CED16,
-        0x1C2B8ACF, 0xB492A779, 0xF2F0F307, 0xE2A14E69, 0xF4CD65DA, 0xBED50605, 0x621FD134, 0xFE8AC4A6,
-        0x539D342E, 0x55A0A2F3, 0xE132058A, 0xEB75A4F6, 0xEC390B83, 0xEFAA4060, 0x9F065E71, 0x1051BD6E,
-        0x8AF93E21, 0x063D96DD, 0x05AEDD3E, 0xBD464DE6, 0x8DB59154, 0x5D0571C4, 0xD46F0406, 0x15FF6050,
-        0xFB241998, 0xE997D6BD, 0x43CC8940, 0x9E7767D9, 0x42BDB0E8, 0x8B880789, 0x5B38E719, 0xEEDB79C8,
-        0x0A47A17C, 0x0FE97C42, 0x1EC9F884, 0x00000000, 0x86830980, 0xED48322B, 0x70AC1E11, 0x724E6C5A,
-        0xFFFBFD0E, 0x38560F85, 0xD51E3DAE, 0x3927362D, 0xD9640A0F, 0xA621685C, 0x54D19B5B, 0x2E3A2436,
-        0x67B10C0A, 0xE70F9357, 0x96D2B4EE, 0x919E1B9B, 0xC54F80C0, 0x20A261DC, 0x4B695A77, 0x1A161C12,
-        0xBA0AE293, 0x2AE5C0A0, 0xE0433C22, 0x171D121B, 0x0D0B0E09, 0xC7ADF28B, 0xA8B92DB6, 0xA9C8141E,
-        0x198557F1, 0x074CAF75, 0xDDBBEE99, 0x60FDA37F, 0x269FF701, 0xF5BC5C72, 0x3BC54466, 0x7E345BFB,
-        0x29768B43, 0xC6DCCB23, 0xFC68B6ED, 0xF163B8E4, 0xDCCAD731, 0x85104263, 0x22401397, 0x112084C6,
-        0x247D854A, 0x3DF8D2BB, 0x3211AEF9, 0xA16DC729, 0x2F4B1D9E, 0x30F3DCB2, 0x52EC0D86, 0xE3D077C1,
-        0x166C2BB3, 0xB999A970, 0x48FA1194, 0x642247E9, 0x8CC4A8FC, 0x3F1AA0F0, 0x2CD8567D, 0x90EF2233,
-        0x4EC78749, 0xD1C1D938, 0xA2FE8CCA, 0x0B3698D4, 0x81CFA6F5, 0xDE28A57A, 0x8E26DAB7, 0xBFA43FAD,
-        0x9DE42C3A, 0x920D5078, 0xCC9B6A5F, 0x4662547E, 0x13C2F68D, 0xB8E890D8, 0xF75E2E39, 0xAFF582C3,
-        0x80BE9F5D, 0x937C69D0, 0x2DA96FD5, 0x12B3CF25, 0x993BC8AC, 0x7DA71018, 0x636EE89C, 0xBB7BDB3B,
-        0x7809CD26, 0x18F46E59, 0xB701EC9A, 0x9AA8834F, 0x6E65E695, 0xE67EAAFF, 0xCF0821BC, 0xE8E6EF15,
-        0x9BD9BAE7, 0x36CE4A6F, 0x09D4EA9F, 0x7CD629B0, 0xB2AF31A4, 0x23312A3F, 0x9430C6A5, 0x66C035A2,
-        0xBC37744E, 0xCAA6FC82, 0xD0B0E090, 0xD81533A7, 0x984AF104, 0xDAF741EC, 0x500E7FCD, 0xF62F1791,
-        0xD68D764D, 0xB04D43EF, 0x4D54CCAA, 0x04DFE496, 0xB5E39ED1, 0x881B4C6A, 0x1FB8C12C, 0x517F4665,
-        0xEA049D5E, 0x355D018C, 0x7473FA87, 0x412EFB0B, 0x1D5AB367, 0xD25292DB, 0x5633E910, 0x47136DD6,
-        0x618C9AD7, 0x0C7A37A1, 0x148E59F8, 0x3C89EB13, 0x27EECEA9, 0xC935B761, 0xE5EDE11C, 0xB13C7A47,
-        0xDF599CD2, 0x733F55F2, 0xCE791814, 0x37BF73C7, 0xCDEA53F7, 0xAA5B5FFD, 0x6F14DF3D, 0xDB867844,
-        0xF381CAAF, 0xC43EB968, 0x342C3824, 0x405FC2A3, 0xC372161D, 0x250CBCE2, 0x498B283C, 0x9541FF0D,
-        0x017139A8, 0xB3DE080C, 0xE49CD8B4, 0xC1906456, 0x84617BCB, 0xB670D532, 0x5C74486C, 0x5742D0B8
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_encryptBlock()
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael:_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $dt3 = array(
-        0xF4A75051, 0x4165537E, 0x17A4C31A, 0x275E963A, 0xAB6BCB3B, 0x9D45F11F, 0xFA58ABAC, 0xE303934B,
-        0x30FA5520, 0x766DF6AD, 0xCC769188, 0x024C25F5, 0xE5D7FC4F, 0x2ACBD7C5, 0x35448026, 0x62A38FB5,
-        0xB15A49DE, 0xBA1B6725, 0xEA0E9845, 0xFEC0E15D, 0x2F7502C3, 0x4CF01281, 0x4697A38D, 0xD3F9C66B,
-        0x8F5FE703, 0x929C9515, 0x6D7AEBBF, 0x5259DA95, 0xBE832DD4, 0x7421D358, 0xE0692949, 0xC9C8448E,
-        0xC2896A75, 0x8E7978F4, 0x583E6B99, 0xB971DD27, 0xE14FB6BE, 0x88AD17F0, 0x20AC66C9, 0xCE3AB47D,
-        0xDF4A1863, 0x1A3182E5, 0x51336097, 0x537F4562, 0x6477E0B1, 0x6BAE84BB, 0x81A01CFE, 0x082B94F9,
-        0x48685870, 0x45FD198F, 0xDE6C8794, 0x7BF8B752, 0x73D323AB, 0x4B02E272, 0x1F8F57E3, 0x55AB2A66,
-        0xEB2807B2, 0xB5C2032F, 0xC57B9A86, 0x3708A5D3, 0x2887F230, 0xBFA5B223, 0x036ABA02, 0x16825CED,
-        0xCF1C2B8A, 0x79B492A7, 0x07F2F0F3, 0x69E2A14E, 0xDAF4CD65, 0x05BED506, 0x34621FD1, 0xA6FE8AC4,
-        0x2E539D34, 0xF355A0A2, 0x8AE13205, 0xF6EB75A4, 0x83EC390B, 0x60EFAA40, 0x719F065E, 0x6E1051BD,
-        0x218AF93E, 0xDD063D96, 0x3E05AEDD, 0xE6BD464D, 0x548DB591, 0xC45D0571, 0x06D46F04, 0x5015FF60,
-        0x98FB2419, 0xBDE997D6, 0x4043CC89, 0xD99E7767, 0xE842BDB0, 0x898B8807, 0x195B38E7, 0xC8EEDB79,
-        0x7C0A47A1, 0x420FE97C, 0x841EC9F8, 0x00000000, 0x80868309, 0x2BED4832, 0x1170AC1E, 0x5A724E6C,
-        0x0EFFFBFD, 0x8538560F, 0xAED51E3D, 0x2D392736, 0x0FD9640A, 0x5CA62168, 0x5B54D19B, 0x362E3A24,
-        0x0A67B10C, 0x57E70F93, 0xEE96D2B4, 0x9B919E1B, 0xC0C54F80, 0xDC20A261, 0x774B695A, 0x121A161C,
-        0x93BA0AE2, 0xA02AE5C0, 0x22E0433C, 0x1B171D12, 0x090D0B0E, 0x8BC7ADF2, 0xB6A8B92D, 0x1EA9C814,
-        0xF1198557, 0x75074CAF, 0x99DDBBEE, 0x7F60FDA3, 0x01269FF7, 0x72F5BC5C, 0x663BC544, 0xFB7E345B,
-        0x4329768B, 0x23C6DCCB, 0xEDFC68B6, 0xE4F163B8, 0x31DCCAD7, 0x63851042, 0x97224013, 0xC6112084,
-        0x4A247D85, 0xBB3DF8D2, 0xF93211AE, 0x29A16DC7, 0x9E2F4B1D, 0xB230F3DC, 0x8652EC0D, 0xC1E3D077,
-        0xB3166C2B, 0x70B999A9, 0x9448FA11, 0xE9642247, 0xFC8CC4A8, 0xF03F1AA0, 0x7D2CD856, 0x3390EF22,
-        0x494EC787, 0x38D1C1D9, 0xCAA2FE8C, 0xD40B3698, 0xF581CFA6, 0x7ADE28A5, 0xB78E26DA, 0xADBFA43F,
-        0x3A9DE42C, 0x78920D50, 0x5FCC9B6A, 0x7E466254, 0x8D13C2F6, 0xD8B8E890, 0x39F75E2E, 0xC3AFF582,
-        0x5D80BE9F, 0xD0937C69, 0xD52DA96F, 0x2512B3CF, 0xAC993BC8, 0x187DA710, 0x9C636EE8, 0x3BBB7BDB,
-        0x267809CD, 0x5918F46E, 0x9AB701EC, 0x4F9AA883, 0x956E65E6, 0xFFE67EAA, 0xBCCF0821, 0x15E8E6EF,
-        0xE79BD9BA, 0x6F36CE4A, 0x9F09D4EA, 0xB07CD629, 0xA4B2AF31, 0x3F23312A, 0xA59430C6, 0xA266C035,
-        0x4EBC3774, 0x82CAA6FC, 0x90D0B0E0, 0xA7D81533, 0x04984AF1, 0xECDAF741, 0xCD500E7F, 0x91F62F17,
-        0x4DD68D76, 0xEFB04D43, 0xAA4D54CC, 0x9604DFE4, 0xD1B5E39E, 0x6A881B4C, 0x2C1FB8C1, 0x65517F46,
-        0x5EEA049D, 0x8C355D01, 0x877473FA, 0x0B412EFB, 0x671D5AB3, 0xDBD25292, 0x105633E9, 0xD647136D,
-        0xD7618C9A, 0xA10C7A37, 0xF8148E59, 0x133C89EB, 0xA927EECE, 0x61C935B7, 0x1CE5EDE1, 0x47B13C7A,
-        0xD2DF599C, 0xF2733F55, 0x14CE7918, 0xC737BF73, 0xF7CDEA53, 0xFDAA5B5F, 0x3D6F14DF, 0x44DB8678,
-        0xAFF381CA, 0x68C43EB9, 0x24342C38, 0xA3405FC2, 0x1DC37216, 0xE2250CBC, 0x3C498B28, 0x0D9541FF,
-        0xA8017139, 0x0CB3DE08, 0xB4E49CD8, 0x56C19064, 0xCB84617B, 0x32B670D5, 0x6C5C7448, 0xB85742D0
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * The SubByte S-Box
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::_encryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $sbox = array(
-        0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
-        0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
-        0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
-        0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
-        0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
-        0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
-        0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
-        0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
-        0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
-        0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
-        0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
-        0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
-        0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
-        0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
-        0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
-        0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * The inverse SubByte S-Box
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::_decryptBlock()
-     * @var Array
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $isbox = array(
-        0x52, 0x09, 0x6A, 0xD5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xA5, 0x38, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x81, 0xF3, 0xD7, 0xFB,
-        0x7C, 0xE3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9B, 0x2F, 0xFF, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8E, 0x43, 0x44, 0xC4, 0xDE, 0xE9, 0xCB,
-        0x54, 0x7B, 0x94, 0x32, 0xA6, 0xC2, 0x23, 0x3D, 0xEE, 0x4C, 0x95, 0x0B, 0x42, 0xFA, 0xC3, 0x4E,
-        0x08, 0x2E, 0xA1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xD9, 0x24, 0xB2, 0x76, 0x5B, 0xA2, 0x49, 0x6D, 0x8B, 0xD1, 0x25,
-        0x72, 0xF8, 0xF6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xD4, 0xA4, 0x5C, 0xCC, 0x5D, 0x65, 0xB6, 0x92,
-        0x6C, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xFD, 0xED, 0xB9, 0xDA, 0x5E, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xA7, 0x8D, 0x9D, 0x84,
-        0x90, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x8C, 0xBC, 0xD3, 0x0A, 0xF7, 0xE4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xB8, 0xB3, 0x45, 0x06,
-        0xD0, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x8F, 0xCA, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x02, 0xC1, 0xAF, 0xBD, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8A, 0x6B,
-        0x3A, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4F, 0x67, 0xDC, 0xEA, 0x97, 0xF2, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0xF0, 0xB4, 0xE6, 0x73,
-        0x96, 0xAC, 0x74, 0x22, 0xE7, 0xAD, 0x35, 0x85, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0x37, 0xE8, 0x1C, 0x75, 0xDF, 0x6E,
-        0x47, 0xF1, 0x1A, 0x71, 0x1D, 0x29, 0xC5, 0x89, 0x6F, 0xB7, 0x62, 0x0E, 0xAA, 0x18, 0xBE, 0x1B,
-        0xFC, 0x56, 0x3E, 0x4B, 0xC6, 0xD2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9A, 0xDB, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x78, 0xCD, 0x5A, 0xF4,
-        0x1F, 0xDD, 0xA8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x31, 0xB1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xEC, 0x5F,
-        0x60, 0x51, 0x7F, 0xA9, 0x19, 0xB5, 0x4A, 0x0D, 0x2D, 0xE5, 0x7A, 0x9F, 0x93, 0xC9, 0x9C, 0xEF,
-        0xA0, 0xE0, 0x3B, 0x4D, 0xAE, 0x2A, 0xF5, 0xB0, 0xC8, 0xEB, 0xBB, 0x3C, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
-        0x17, 0x2B, 0x04, 0x7E, 0xBA, 0x77, 0xD6, 0x26, 0xE1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0C, 0x7D
-    );
-
     /**
      * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
-     *
-     * $mode could be:
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CTR
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CFB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_OFB
-     *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC will be used.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @param int $mode
      * @access public
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid / unsupported mode is provided
      */
-    function Crypt_Rijndael($mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC)
+    function __construct($mode)
     {
-        parent::Crypt_Base($mode);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the key.
-     *
-     * Keys can be of any length.  Rijndael, itself, requires the use of a key that's between 128-bits and 256-bits long and
-     * whose length is a multiple of 32.  If the key is less than 256-bits and the key length isn't set, we round the length
-     * up to the closest valid key length, padding $key with null bytes.  If the key is more than 256-bits, we trim the
-     * excess bits.
-     *
-     * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be all null bytes.
-     *
-     * Note: 160/224-bit keys must explicitly set by setKeyLength(), otherwise they will be round/pad up to 192/256 bits.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base:setKey()
-     * @see setKeyLength()
-     * @access public
-     * @param String $key
-     */
-    function setKey($key)
-    {
-        parent::setKey($key);
-
-        if (!$this->explicit_key_length) {
-            $length = strlen($key);
-            switch (true) {
-                case $length <= 16:
-                    $this->key_size = 16;
-                    break;
-                case $length <= 24:
-                    $this->key_size = 24;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    $this->key_size = 32;
-            }
-            $this->_setupEngine();
+        if ($mode == self::MODE_STREAM) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Block ciphers cannot be ran in stream mode');
         }
+
+        parent::__construct($mode);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the key length
+     * Sets the key length.
      *
-     * Valid key lengths are 128, 160, 192, 224, and 256.  If the length is less than 128, it will be rounded up to
-     * 128.  If the length is greater than 128 and invalid, it will be rounded down to the closest valid amount.
+     * Valid key lengths are 128, 160, 192, 224, and 256.
      *
      * Note: phpseclib extends Rijndael (and AES) for using 160- and 224-bit keys but they are officially not defined
      *       and the most (if not all) implementations are not able using 160/224-bit keys but round/pad them up to
@@ -755,147 +197,132 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
      *       you should not setKeyLength(160) or setKeyLength(224).
      *
      * Additional: In case of 160- and 224-bit keys, phpseclib will/can, for that reason, not use
-     *             the mcrypt php extention, even if available.
+     *             the mcrypt php extension, even if available.
      *             This results then in slower encryption.
      *
      * @access public
-     * @param Integer $length
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length is invalid
+     * @param int $length
      */
     function setKeyLength($length)
     {
-        switch (true) {
-            case $length == 160:
-                $this->key_size = 20;
-                break;
-            case $length == 224:
-                $this->key_size = 28;
-                break;
-            case $length <= 128:
-                $this->key_size = 16;
-                break;
-            case $length <= 192:
-                $this->key_size = 24;
+        switch ($length) {
+            case 128:
+            case 160:
+            case 192:
+            case 224:
+            case 256:
+                $this->key_length = $length >> 3;
                 break;
             default:
-                $this->key_size = 32;
+                throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bits is not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 128, 160, 192, 224 or 256 bits are supported');
         }
 
-        $this->explicit_key_length = true;
-        $this->changed = true;
-        $this->_setupEngine();
+        parent::setKeyLength($length);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the block length
+     * Sets the key.
      *
-     * Valid block lengths are 128, 160, 192, 224, and 256.  If the length is less than 128, it will be rounded up to
-     * 128.  If the length is greater than 128 and invalid, it will be rounded down to the closest valid amount.
+     * Rijndael supports five different key lengths
      *
+     * @see setKeyLength()
      * @access public
-     * @param Integer $length
+     * @param string $key
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length isn't supported
      */
-    function setBlockLength($length)
+    function setKey($key)
     {
-        $length >>= 5;
-        if ($length > 8) {
-            $length = 8;
-        } else if ($length < 4) {
-            $length = 4;
+        switch (strlen($key)) {
+            case 16:
+            case 20:
+            case 24:
+            case 28:
+            case 32:
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \LengthException('Key of size ' . strlen($key) . ' not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 16, 20, 24, 28 or 32 are supported');
         }
-        $this->Nb = $length;
-        $this->block_size = $length << 2;
-        $this->changed = true;
-        $this->_setupEngine();
+
+        parent::setKey($key);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Setup the fastest possible $engine
-     *
-     * Determines if the mcrypt (MODE_MCRYPT) $engine available
-     * and usable for the current $block_size and $key_size.
+     * Sets the block length
      *
-     * If not, the slower MODE_INTERNAL $engine will be set.
+     * Valid block lengths are 128, 160, 192, 224, and 256.
      *
-     * @see setKey()
-     * @see setKeyLength()
-     * @see setBlockLength()
-     * @access private
+     * @access public
+     * @param int $length
      */
-    function _setupEngine()
+    function setBlockLength($length)
     {
-        if (constant('CRYPT_' . $this->const_namespace . '_MODE') == CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL) {
-            // No mcrypt support at all for rijndael
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // The required mcrypt module name for the current $block_size of rijndael
-        $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'rijndael-' . ($this->block_size << 3);
-
-        // Determining the availibility/usability of $cipher_name_mcrypt
-        switch (true) {
-            case $this->key_size % 8: // mcrypt is not usable for 160/224-bit keys, only for 128/192/256-bit keys
-            case !in_array($cipher_name_mcrypt, mcrypt_list_algorithms()): // $cipher_name_mcrypt is not available for the current $block_size
-                $engine = CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL;
+        switch ($length) {
+            case 128:
+            case 160:
+            case 192:
+            case 224:
+            case 256:
                 break;
             default:
-                $engine = CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT;
-        }
-
-        if ($this->engine == $engine && $this->cipher_name_mcrypt == $cipher_name_mcrypt) {
-            // allready set, so we not unnecessary close $this->enmcrypt/demcrypt/ecb
-            return;
+                throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bits is not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 128, 160, 192, 224 or 256 bits are supported');
         }
 
-        // Set the $engine
-        $this->engine = $engine;
-        $this->cipher_name_mcrypt = $cipher_name_mcrypt;
-
-        if ($this->enmcrypt) {
-            // Closing the current mcrypt resource(s). _mcryptSetup() will, if needed,
-            // (re)open them with the module named in $this->cipher_name_mcrypt
-            mcrypt_module_close($this->enmcrypt);
-            mcrypt_module_close($this->demcrypt);
-            $this->enmcrypt = null;
-            $this->demcrypt = null;
-
-            if ($this->ecb) {
-                mcrypt_module_close($this->ecb);
-                $this->ecb = null;
-            }
-        }
+        $this->Nb = $length >> 5;
+        $this->block_size = $length >> 3;
+        $this->changed = true;
+        $this->_setEngine();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Setup the CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT $engine
+     * Test for engine validity
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupMcrypt()
-     * @access private
+     * This is mainly just a wrapper to set things up for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     * @param int $engine
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
      */
-    function _setupMcrypt()
+    function isValidEngine($engine)
     {
-        $this->key = str_pad(substr($this->key, 0, $this->key_size), $this->key_size, "\0");
-        parent::_setupMcrypt();
+        switch ($engine) {
+            case self::ENGINE_OPENSSL:
+                if ($this->block_size != 16) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb = 'aes-' . ($this->key_length << 3) . '-ecb';
+                $this->cipher_name_openssl = 'aes-' . ($this->key_length << 3) . '-' . $this->_openssl_translate_mode();
+                break;
+            case self::ENGINE_MCRYPT:
+                $this->cipher_name_mcrypt = 'rijndael-' . ($this->block_size << 3);
+                if ($this->key_length % 8) { // is it a 160/224-bit key?
+                    // mcrypt is not usable for them, only for 128/192/256-bit keys
+                    return false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return parent::isValidEngine($engine);
     }
 
     /**
      * Encrypts a block
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _encryptBlock($in)
     {
-        static $t0, $t1, $t2, $t3, $sbox;
-        if (!$t0) {
-            for ($i = 0; $i < 256; ++$i) {
-                $t0[] = (int)$this->t0[$i];
-                $t1[] = (int)$this->t1[$i];
-                $t2[] = (int)$this->t2[$i];
-                $t3[] = (int)$this->t3[$i];
-                $sbox[] = (int)$this->sbox[$i];
-            }
+        static $tables;
+        if (empty($tables)) {
+            $tables = &$this->_getTables();
         }
+        $t0   = $tables[0];
+        $t1   = $tables[1];
+        $t2   = $tables[2];
+        $t3   = $tables[3];
+        $sbox = $tables[4];
 
         $state = array();
         $words = unpack('N*', $in);
@@ -906,9 +333,9 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
         $Nr = $this->Nr;
 
         // addRoundKey
-        $i = -1;
+        $wc = $Nb - 1;
         foreach ($words as $word) {
-            $state[] = $word ^ $w[0][++$i];
+            $state[] = $word ^ $w[++$wc];
         }
 
         // fips-197.pdf#page=19, "Figure 5. Pseudo Code for the Cipher", states that this loop has four components -
@@ -931,7 +358,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
                             $t1[$state[$j] >> 16 & 0x000000FF] ^
                             $t2[$state[$k] >>  8 & 0x000000FF] ^
                             $t3[$state[$l]       & 0x000000FF] ^
-                            $w[$round][$i];
+                            $w[++$wc];
                 ++$i;
                 $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
                 $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
@@ -958,7 +385,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
                         ($state[$j] & 0x00FF0000) ^
                         ($state[$k] & 0x0000FF00) ^
                         ($state[$l] & 0x000000FF) ^
-                         $w[$Nr][$i];
+                         $w[$i];
             ++$i;
             $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
             $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
@@ -983,21 +410,20 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
      * Decrypts a block
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _decryptBlock($in)
     {
-        static $dt0, $dt1, $dt2, $dt3, $isbox;
-        if (!$dt0) {
-            for ($i = 0; $i < 256; ++$i) {
-                $dt0[] = (int)$this->dt0[$i];
-                $dt1[] = (int)$this->dt1[$i];
-                $dt2[] = (int)$this->dt2[$i];
-                $dt3[] = (int)$this->dt3[$i];
-                $isbox[] = (int)$this->isbox[$i];
-            }
+        static $invtables;
+        if (empty($invtables)) {
+            $invtables = &$this->_getInvTables();
         }
+        $dt0   = $invtables[0];
+        $dt1   = $invtables[1];
+        $dt2   = $invtables[2];
+        $dt3   = $invtables[3];
+        $isbox = $invtables[4];
 
         $state = array();
         $words = unpack('N*', $in);
@@ -1008,9 +434,9 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
         $Nr = $this->Nr;
 
         // addRoundKey
-        $i = -1;
+        $wc = $Nb - 1;
         foreach ($words as $word) {
-            $state[] = $word ^ $dw[$Nr][++$i];
+            $state[] = $word ^ $dw[++$wc];
         }
 
         $temp = array();
@@ -1025,7 +451,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
                             $dt1[$state[$j] >> 16 & 0x000000FF] ^
                             $dt2[$state[$k] >>  8 & 0x000000FF] ^
                             $dt3[$state[$l]       & 0x000000FF] ^
-                            $dw[$round][$i];
+                            $dw[++$wc];
                 ++$i;
                 $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
                 $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
@@ -1046,10 +472,10 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
                     ($state[$k] & 0x0000FF00) |
                     ($state[$l] & 0x000000FF);
 
-            $temp[$i] = $dw[0][$i] ^ ($isbox[$word       & 0x000000FF]        |
-                                     ($isbox[$word >>  8 & 0x000000FF] <<  8) |
-                                     ($isbox[$word >> 16 & 0x000000FF] << 16) |
-                                     ($isbox[$word >> 24 & 0x000000FF] << 24));
+            $temp[$i] = $dw[$i] ^ ($isbox[$word       & 0x000000FF]        |
+                                  ($isbox[$word >>  8 & 0x000000FF] <<  8) |
+                                  ($isbox[$word >> 16 & 0x000000FF] << 16) |
+                                  ($isbox[$word >> 24 & 0x000000FF] << 24));
             ++$i;
             $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
             $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
@@ -1073,7 +499,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Setup the key (expansion)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupKey()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupKey()
@@ -1089,15 +515,13 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
             0x7D000000, 0xFA000000, 0xEF000000, 0xC5000000, 0x91000000
         );
 
-        $this->key = str_pad(substr($this->key, 0, $this->key_size), $this->key_size, "\0");
-
-        if (isset($this->kl['key']) && $this->key === $this->kl['key'] && $this->key_size === $this->kl['key_size'] && $this->block_size === $this->kl['block_size']) {
+        if (isset($this->kl['key']) && $this->key === $this->kl['key'] && $this->key_length === $this->kl['key_length'] && $this->block_size === $this->kl['block_size']) {
             // already expanded
             return;
         }
-        $this->kl = array('key' => $this->key, 'key_size' => $this->key_size, 'block_size' => $this->block_size);
+        $this->kl = array('key' => $this->key, 'key_length' => $this->key_length, 'block_size' => $this->block_size);
 
-        $this->Nk = $this->key_size >> 2;
+        $this->Nk = $this->key_length >> 2;
         // see Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=44
         $this->Nr = max($this->Nk, $this->Nb) + 6;
 
@@ -1130,7 +554,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
                 // with 0xFFFFFFFF (or 0xFFFFFF00) on a 32-bit machine is unnecessary, but on a 64-bit machine, it is.
                 $temp = (($temp << 8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | (($temp >> 24) & 0x000000FF); // rotWord
                 $temp = $this->_subWord($temp) ^ $rcon[$i / $this->Nk];
-            } else if ($this->Nk > 6 && $i % $this->Nk == 4) {
+            } elseif ($this->Nk > 6 && $i % $this->Nk == 4) {
                 $temp = $this->_subWord($temp);
             }
             $w[$i] = $w[$i - $this->Nk] ^ $temp;
@@ -1143,6 +567,7 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
         //        1. Apply the Key Expansion.
         //        2. Apply InvMixColumn to all Round Keys except the first and the last one."
         // also, see fips-197.pdf#page=27, "5.3.5 Equivalent Inverse Cipher"
+        list($dt0, $dt1, $dt2, $dt3) = $this->_getInvTables();
         $temp = $this->w = $this->dw = array();
         for ($i = $row = $col = 0; $i < $length; $i++, $col++) {
             if ($col == $this->Nb) {
@@ -1153,10 +578,10 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
                     $j = 0;
                     while ($j < $this->Nb) {
                         $dw = $this->_subWord($this->w[$row][$j]);
-                        $temp[$j] = $this->dt0[$dw >> 24 & 0x000000FF] ^
-                                    $this->dt1[$dw >> 16 & 0x000000FF] ^
-                                    $this->dt2[$dw >>  8 & 0x000000FF] ^
-                                    $this->dt3[$dw       & 0x000000FF];
+                        $temp[$j] = $dt0[$dw >> 24 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                                    $dt1[$dw >> 16 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                                    $dt2[$dw >>  8 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                                    $dt3[$dw       & 0x000000FF];
                         $j++;
                     }
                     $this->dw[$row] = $temp;
@@ -1170,31 +595,32 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
 
         $this->dw[$row] = $this->w[$row];
 
-        // In case of $this->use_inline_crypt === true we have to use 1-dim key arrays (both ascending)
-        if ($this->use_inline_crypt) {
-            $this->dw = array_reverse($this->dw);
-            $w  = array_pop($this->w);
-            $dw = array_pop($this->dw);
-            foreach ($this->w as $r => $wr) {
-                foreach ($wr as $c => $wc) {
-                    $w[]  = $wc;
-                    $dw[] = $this->dw[$r][$c];
-                }
+        // Converting to 1-dim key arrays (both ascending)
+        $this->dw = array_reverse($this->dw);
+        $w  = array_pop($this->w);
+        $dw = array_pop($this->dw);
+        foreach ($this->w as $r => $wr) {
+            foreach ($wr as $c => $wc) {
+                $w[]  = $wc;
+                $dw[] = $this->dw[$r][$c];
             }
-            $this->w  = $w;
-            $this->dw = $dw;
         }
+        $this->w  = $w;
+        $this->dw = $dw;
     }
 
     /**
      * Performs S-Box substitutions
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param Integer $word
+     * @param int $word
      */
     function _subWord($word)
     {
-        $sbox = $this->sbox;
+        static $sbox;
+        if (empty($sbox)) {
+            list(, , , , $sbox) = $this->_getTables();
+        }
 
         return  $sbox[$word       & 0x000000FF]        |
                ($sbox[$word >>  8 & 0x000000FF] <<  8) |
@@ -1202,10 +628,183 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
                ($sbox[$word >> 24 & 0x000000FF] << 24);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Provides the mixColumns and sboxes tables
+     *
+     * @see self::_encryptBlock()
+     * @see self::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see self::_subWord()
+     * @access private
+     * @return array &$tables
+     */
+    function &_getTables()
+    {
+        static $tables;
+        if (empty($tables)) {
+            // according to <http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=19> (section 5.2.1),
+            // precomputed tables can be used in the mixColumns phase. in that example, they're assigned t0...t3, so
+            // those are the names we'll use.
+            $t3 = array_map('intval', array(
+                // with array_map('intval', ...) we ensure we have only int's and not
+                // some slower floats converted by php automatically on high values
+                0x6363A5C6, 0x7C7C84F8, 0x777799EE, 0x7B7B8DF6, 0xF2F20DFF, 0x6B6BBDD6, 0x6F6FB1DE, 0xC5C55491,
+                0x30305060, 0x01010302, 0x6767A9CE, 0x2B2B7D56, 0xFEFE19E7, 0xD7D762B5, 0xABABE64D, 0x76769AEC,
+                0xCACA458F, 0x82829D1F, 0xC9C94089, 0x7D7D87FA, 0xFAFA15EF, 0x5959EBB2, 0x4747C98E, 0xF0F00BFB,
+                0xADADEC41, 0xD4D467B3, 0xA2A2FD5F, 0xAFAFEA45, 0x9C9CBF23, 0xA4A4F753, 0x727296E4, 0xC0C05B9B,
+                0xB7B7C275, 0xFDFD1CE1, 0x9393AE3D, 0x26266A4C, 0x36365A6C, 0x3F3F417E, 0xF7F702F5, 0xCCCC4F83,
+                0x34345C68, 0xA5A5F451, 0xE5E534D1, 0xF1F108F9, 0x717193E2, 0xD8D873AB, 0x31315362, 0x15153F2A,
+                0x04040C08, 0xC7C75295, 0x23236546, 0xC3C35E9D, 0x18182830, 0x9696A137, 0x05050F0A, 0x9A9AB52F,
+                0x0707090E, 0x12123624, 0x80809B1B, 0xE2E23DDF, 0xEBEB26CD, 0x2727694E, 0xB2B2CD7F, 0x75759FEA,
+                0x09091B12, 0x83839E1D, 0x2C2C7458, 0x1A1A2E34, 0x1B1B2D36, 0x6E6EB2DC, 0x5A5AEEB4, 0xA0A0FB5B,
+                0x5252F6A4, 0x3B3B4D76, 0xD6D661B7, 0xB3B3CE7D, 0x29297B52, 0xE3E33EDD, 0x2F2F715E, 0x84849713,
+                0x5353F5A6, 0xD1D168B9, 0x00000000, 0xEDED2CC1, 0x20206040, 0xFCFC1FE3, 0xB1B1C879, 0x5B5BEDB6,
+                0x6A6ABED4, 0xCBCB468D, 0xBEBED967, 0x39394B72, 0x4A4ADE94, 0x4C4CD498, 0x5858E8B0, 0xCFCF4A85,
+                0xD0D06BBB, 0xEFEF2AC5, 0xAAAAE54F, 0xFBFB16ED, 0x4343C586, 0x4D4DD79A, 0x33335566, 0x85859411,
+                0x4545CF8A, 0xF9F910E9, 0x02020604, 0x7F7F81FE, 0x5050F0A0, 0x3C3C4478, 0x9F9FBA25, 0xA8A8E34B,
+                0x5151F3A2, 0xA3A3FE5D, 0x4040C080, 0x8F8F8A05, 0x9292AD3F, 0x9D9DBC21, 0x38384870, 0xF5F504F1,
+                0xBCBCDF63, 0xB6B6C177, 0xDADA75AF, 0x21216342, 0x10103020, 0xFFFF1AE5, 0xF3F30EFD, 0xD2D26DBF,
+                0xCDCD4C81, 0x0C0C1418, 0x13133526, 0xECEC2FC3, 0x5F5FE1BE, 0x9797A235, 0x4444CC88, 0x1717392E,
+                0xC4C45793, 0xA7A7F255, 0x7E7E82FC, 0x3D3D477A, 0x6464ACC8, 0x5D5DE7BA, 0x19192B32, 0x737395E6,
+                0x6060A0C0, 0x81819819, 0x4F4FD19E, 0xDCDC7FA3, 0x22226644, 0x2A2A7E54, 0x9090AB3B, 0x8888830B,
+                0x4646CA8C, 0xEEEE29C7, 0xB8B8D36B, 0x14143C28, 0xDEDE79A7, 0x5E5EE2BC, 0x0B0B1D16, 0xDBDB76AD,
+                0xE0E03BDB, 0x32325664, 0x3A3A4E74, 0x0A0A1E14, 0x4949DB92, 0x06060A0C, 0x24246C48, 0x5C5CE4B8,
+                0xC2C25D9F, 0xD3D36EBD, 0xACACEF43, 0x6262A6C4, 0x9191A839, 0x9595A431, 0xE4E437D3, 0x79798BF2,
+                0xE7E732D5, 0xC8C8438B, 0x3737596E, 0x6D6DB7DA, 0x8D8D8C01, 0xD5D564B1, 0x4E4ED29C, 0xA9A9E049,
+                0x6C6CB4D8, 0x5656FAAC, 0xF4F407F3, 0xEAEA25CF, 0x6565AFCA, 0x7A7A8EF4, 0xAEAEE947, 0x08081810,
+                0xBABAD56F, 0x787888F0, 0x25256F4A, 0x2E2E725C, 0x1C1C2438, 0xA6A6F157, 0xB4B4C773, 0xC6C65197,
+                0xE8E823CB, 0xDDDD7CA1, 0x74749CE8, 0x1F1F213E, 0x4B4BDD96, 0xBDBDDC61, 0x8B8B860D, 0x8A8A850F,
+                0x707090E0, 0x3E3E427C, 0xB5B5C471, 0x6666AACC, 0x4848D890, 0x03030506, 0xF6F601F7, 0x0E0E121C,
+                0x6161A3C2, 0x35355F6A, 0x5757F9AE, 0xB9B9D069, 0x86869117, 0xC1C15899, 0x1D1D273A, 0x9E9EB927,
+                0xE1E138D9, 0xF8F813EB, 0x9898B32B, 0x11113322, 0x6969BBD2, 0xD9D970A9, 0x8E8E8907, 0x9494A733,
+                0x9B9BB62D, 0x1E1E223C, 0x87879215, 0xE9E920C9, 0xCECE4987, 0x5555FFAA, 0x28287850, 0xDFDF7AA5,
+                0x8C8C8F03, 0xA1A1F859, 0x89898009, 0x0D0D171A, 0xBFBFDA65, 0xE6E631D7, 0x4242C684, 0x6868B8D0,
+                0x4141C382, 0x9999B029, 0x2D2D775A, 0x0F0F111E, 0xB0B0CB7B, 0x5454FCA8, 0xBBBBD66D, 0x16163A2C
+            ));
+
+            foreach ($t3 as $t3i) {
+                $t0[] = (($t3i << 24) & 0xFF000000) | (($t3i >>  8) & 0x00FFFFFF);
+                $t1[] = (($t3i << 16) & 0xFFFF0000) | (($t3i >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF);
+                $t2[] = (($t3i <<  8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | (($t3i >> 24) & 0x000000FF);
+            }
+
+            $tables = array(
+                // The Precomputed mixColumns tables t0 - t3
+                $t0,
+                $t1,
+                $t2,
+                $t3,
+                // The SubByte S-Box
+                array(
+                    0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
+                    0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
+                    0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
+                    0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
+                    0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
+                    0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
+                    0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
+                    0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
+                    0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
+                    0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
+                    0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
+                    0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
+                    0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
+                    0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
+                    0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
+                    0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16
+                )
+            );
+        }
+        return $tables;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Provides the inverse mixColumns and inverse sboxes tables
+     *
+     * @see self::_decryptBlock()
+     * @see self::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see self::_setupKey()
+     * @access private
+     * @return array &$tables
+     */
+    function &_getInvTables()
+    {
+        static $tables;
+        if (empty($tables)) {
+            $dt3 = array_map('intval', array(
+                0xF4A75051, 0x4165537E, 0x17A4C31A, 0x275E963A, 0xAB6BCB3B, 0x9D45F11F, 0xFA58ABAC, 0xE303934B,
+                0x30FA5520, 0x766DF6AD, 0xCC769188, 0x024C25F5, 0xE5D7FC4F, 0x2ACBD7C5, 0x35448026, 0x62A38FB5,
+                0xB15A49DE, 0xBA1B6725, 0xEA0E9845, 0xFEC0E15D, 0x2F7502C3, 0x4CF01281, 0x4697A38D, 0xD3F9C66B,
+                0x8F5FE703, 0x929C9515, 0x6D7AEBBF, 0x5259DA95, 0xBE832DD4, 0x7421D358, 0xE0692949, 0xC9C8448E,
+                0xC2896A75, 0x8E7978F4, 0x583E6B99, 0xB971DD27, 0xE14FB6BE, 0x88AD17F0, 0x20AC66C9, 0xCE3AB47D,
+                0xDF4A1863, 0x1A3182E5, 0x51336097, 0x537F4562, 0x6477E0B1, 0x6BAE84BB, 0x81A01CFE, 0x082B94F9,
+                0x48685870, 0x45FD198F, 0xDE6C8794, 0x7BF8B752, 0x73D323AB, 0x4B02E272, 0x1F8F57E3, 0x55AB2A66,
+                0xEB2807B2, 0xB5C2032F, 0xC57B9A86, 0x3708A5D3, 0x2887F230, 0xBFA5B223, 0x036ABA02, 0x16825CED,
+                0xCF1C2B8A, 0x79B492A7, 0x07F2F0F3, 0x69E2A14E, 0xDAF4CD65, 0x05BED506, 0x34621FD1, 0xA6FE8AC4,
+                0x2E539D34, 0xF355A0A2, 0x8AE13205, 0xF6EB75A4, 0x83EC390B, 0x60EFAA40, 0x719F065E, 0x6E1051BD,
+                0x218AF93E, 0xDD063D96, 0x3E05AEDD, 0xE6BD464D, 0x548DB591, 0xC45D0571, 0x06D46F04, 0x5015FF60,
+                0x98FB2419, 0xBDE997D6, 0x4043CC89, 0xD99E7767, 0xE842BDB0, 0x898B8807, 0x195B38E7, 0xC8EEDB79,
+                0x7C0A47A1, 0x420FE97C, 0x841EC9F8, 0x00000000, 0x80868309, 0x2BED4832, 0x1170AC1E, 0x5A724E6C,
+                0x0EFFFBFD, 0x8538560F, 0xAED51E3D, 0x2D392736, 0x0FD9640A, 0x5CA62168, 0x5B54D19B, 0x362E3A24,
+                0x0A67B10C, 0x57E70F93, 0xEE96D2B4, 0x9B919E1B, 0xC0C54F80, 0xDC20A261, 0x774B695A, 0x121A161C,
+                0x93BA0AE2, 0xA02AE5C0, 0x22E0433C, 0x1B171D12, 0x090D0B0E, 0x8BC7ADF2, 0xB6A8B92D, 0x1EA9C814,
+                0xF1198557, 0x75074CAF, 0x99DDBBEE, 0x7F60FDA3, 0x01269FF7, 0x72F5BC5C, 0x663BC544, 0xFB7E345B,
+                0x4329768B, 0x23C6DCCB, 0xEDFC68B6, 0xE4F163B8, 0x31DCCAD7, 0x63851042, 0x97224013, 0xC6112084,
+                0x4A247D85, 0xBB3DF8D2, 0xF93211AE, 0x29A16DC7, 0x9E2F4B1D, 0xB230F3DC, 0x8652EC0D, 0xC1E3D077,
+                0xB3166C2B, 0x70B999A9, 0x9448FA11, 0xE9642247, 0xFC8CC4A8, 0xF03F1AA0, 0x7D2CD856, 0x3390EF22,
+                0x494EC787, 0x38D1C1D9, 0xCAA2FE8C, 0xD40B3698, 0xF581CFA6, 0x7ADE28A5, 0xB78E26DA, 0xADBFA43F,
+                0x3A9DE42C, 0x78920D50, 0x5FCC9B6A, 0x7E466254, 0x8D13C2F6, 0xD8B8E890, 0x39F75E2E, 0xC3AFF582,
+                0x5D80BE9F, 0xD0937C69, 0xD52DA96F, 0x2512B3CF, 0xAC993BC8, 0x187DA710, 0x9C636EE8, 0x3BBB7BDB,
+                0x267809CD, 0x5918F46E, 0x9AB701EC, 0x4F9AA883, 0x956E65E6, 0xFFE67EAA, 0xBCCF0821, 0x15E8E6EF,
+                0xE79BD9BA, 0x6F36CE4A, 0x9F09D4EA, 0xB07CD629, 0xA4B2AF31, 0x3F23312A, 0xA59430C6, 0xA266C035,
+                0x4EBC3774, 0x82CAA6FC, 0x90D0B0E0, 0xA7D81533, 0x04984AF1, 0xECDAF741, 0xCD500E7F, 0x91F62F17,
+                0x4DD68D76, 0xEFB04D43, 0xAA4D54CC, 0x9604DFE4, 0xD1B5E39E, 0x6A881B4C, 0x2C1FB8C1, 0x65517F46,
+                0x5EEA049D, 0x8C355D01, 0x877473FA, 0x0B412EFB, 0x671D5AB3, 0xDBD25292, 0x105633E9, 0xD647136D,
+                0xD7618C9A, 0xA10C7A37, 0xF8148E59, 0x133C89EB, 0xA927EECE, 0x61C935B7, 0x1CE5EDE1, 0x47B13C7A,
+                0xD2DF599C, 0xF2733F55, 0x14CE7918, 0xC737BF73, 0xF7CDEA53, 0xFDAA5B5F, 0x3D6F14DF, 0x44DB8678,
+                0xAFF381CA, 0x68C43EB9, 0x24342C38, 0xA3405FC2, 0x1DC37216, 0xE2250CBC, 0x3C498B28, 0x0D9541FF,
+                0xA8017139, 0x0CB3DE08, 0xB4E49CD8, 0x56C19064, 0xCB84617B, 0x32B670D5, 0x6C5C7448, 0xB85742D0
+            ));
+
+            foreach ($dt3 as $dt3i) {
+                $dt0[] = (($dt3i << 24) & 0xFF000000) | (($dt3i >>  8) & 0x00FFFFFF);
+                $dt1[] = (($dt3i << 16) & 0xFFFF0000) | (($dt3i >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF);
+                $dt2[] = (($dt3i <<  8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | (($dt3i >> 24) & 0x000000FF);
+            };
+
+            $tables = array(
+                // The Precomputed inverse mixColumns tables dt0 - dt3
+                $dt0,
+                $dt1,
+                $dt2,
+                $dt3,
+                // The inverse SubByte S-Box
+                array(
+                    0x52, 0x09, 0x6A, 0xD5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xA5, 0x38, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x81, 0xF3, 0xD7, 0xFB,
+                    0x7C, 0xE3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9B, 0x2F, 0xFF, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8E, 0x43, 0x44, 0xC4, 0xDE, 0xE9, 0xCB,
+                    0x54, 0x7B, 0x94, 0x32, 0xA6, 0xC2, 0x23, 0x3D, 0xEE, 0x4C, 0x95, 0x0B, 0x42, 0xFA, 0xC3, 0x4E,
+                    0x08, 0x2E, 0xA1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xD9, 0x24, 0xB2, 0x76, 0x5B, 0xA2, 0x49, 0x6D, 0x8B, 0xD1, 0x25,
+                    0x72, 0xF8, 0xF6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xD4, 0xA4, 0x5C, 0xCC, 0x5D, 0x65, 0xB6, 0x92,
+                    0x6C, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xFD, 0xED, 0xB9, 0xDA, 0x5E, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xA7, 0x8D, 0x9D, 0x84,
+                    0x90, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x8C, 0xBC, 0xD3, 0x0A, 0xF7, 0xE4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xB8, 0xB3, 0x45, 0x06,
+                    0xD0, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x8F, 0xCA, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x02, 0xC1, 0xAF, 0xBD, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8A, 0x6B,
+                    0x3A, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4F, 0x67, 0xDC, 0xEA, 0x97, 0xF2, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0xF0, 0xB4, 0xE6, 0x73,
+                    0x96, 0xAC, 0x74, 0x22, 0xE7, 0xAD, 0x35, 0x85, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0x37, 0xE8, 0x1C, 0x75, 0xDF, 0x6E,
+                    0x47, 0xF1, 0x1A, 0x71, 0x1D, 0x29, 0xC5, 0x89, 0x6F, 0xB7, 0x62, 0x0E, 0xAA, 0x18, 0xBE, 0x1B,
+                    0xFC, 0x56, 0x3E, 0x4B, 0xC6, 0xD2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9A, 0xDB, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x78, 0xCD, 0x5A, 0xF4,
+                    0x1F, 0xDD, 0xA8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x31, 0xB1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xEC, 0x5F,
+                    0x60, 0x51, 0x7F, 0xA9, 0x19, 0xB5, 0x4A, 0x0D, 0x2D, 0xE5, 0x7A, 0x9F, 0x93, 0xC9, 0x9C, 0xEF,
+                    0xA0, 0xE0, 0x3B, 0x4D, 0xAE, 0x2A, 0xF5, 0xB0, 0xC8, 0xEB, 0xBB, 0x3C, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
+                    0x17, 0x2B, 0x04, 0x7E, 0xBA, 0x77, 0xD6, 0x26, 0xE1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0C, 0x7D
+                )
+            );
+        }
+        return $tables;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Setup the performance-optimized function for de/encrypt()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupInlineCrypt()
@@ -1214,44 +813,52 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
         // So here we are'nt under the same heavy timing-stress as we are in _de/encryptBlock() or de/encrypt().
         // However...the here generated function- $code, stored as php callback in $this->inline_crypt, must work as fast as even possible.
 
-        $lambda_functions =& Crypt_Rijndael::_getLambdaFunctions();
-
-        // The first 10 generated $lambda_functions will use the key-words hardcoded for better performance.
-        // For memory reason we limit those ultra-optimized functions.
-        // After that, we use pure (extracted) integer vars for the key-words which is faster than accessing them via array.
-        if (count($lambda_functions) < 10) {
-            $w  = $this->w;
-            $dw = $this->dw;
-            $init_encrypt = '';
-            $init_decrypt = '';
-        } else {
-            for ($i = 0, $cw = count($this->w); $i < $cw; ++$i) {
-                $w[]  = '$w['  . $i . ']';
-                $dw[] = '$dw[' . $i . ']';
-            }
-            $init_encrypt = '$w = $self->w;';
-            $init_decrypt = '$dw = $self->dw;';
-        }
+        $lambda_functions =& self::_getLambdaFunctions();
 
-        $code_hash = md5(str_pad("Crypt_Rijndael, {$this->mode}, {$this->block_size}, ", 32, "\0") . implode(',', $w));
+        // We create max. 10 hi-optimized code for memory reason. Means: For each $key one ultra fast inline-crypt function.
+        // (Currently, for Crypt_Rijndael/AES, one generated $lambda_function cost on php5.5@32bit ~80kb unfreeable mem and ~130kb on php5.5@64bit)
+        // After that, we'll still create very fast optimized code but not the hi-ultimative code, for each $mode one.
+        $gen_hi_opt_code = (bool)(count($lambda_functions) < 10);
+
+        // Generation of a uniqe hash for our generated code
+        $code_hash = "Crypt_Rijndael, {$this->mode}, {$this->Nr}, {$this->Nb}";
+        if ($gen_hi_opt_code) {
+            $code_hash = str_pad($code_hash, 32) . $this->_hashInlineCryptFunction($this->key);
+        }
 
         if (!isset($lambda_functions[$code_hash])) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case $gen_hi_opt_code:
+                    // The hi-optimized $lambda_functions will use the key-words hardcoded for better performance.
+                    $w  = $this->w;
+                    $dw = $this->dw;
+                    $init_encrypt = '';
+                    $init_decrypt = '';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    for ($i = 0, $cw = count($this->w); $i < $cw; ++$i) {
+                        $w[]  = '$w['  . $i . ']';
+                        $dw[] = '$dw[' . $i . ']';
+                    }
+                    $init_encrypt = '$w  = $self->w;';
+                    $init_decrypt = '$dw = $self->dw;';
+            }
+
             $Nr = $this->Nr;
             $Nb = $this->Nb;
             $c  = $this->c;
 
             // Generating encrypt code:
             $init_encrypt.= '
-                static $t0, $t1, $t2, $t3, $sbox;
-                if (!$t0) {
-                    for ($i = 0; $i < 256; ++$i) {
-                        $t0[$i]    = (int)$self->t0[$i];
-                        $t1[$i]    = (int)$self->t1[$i];
-                        $t2[$i]    = (int)$self->t2[$i];
-                        $t3[$i]    = (int)$self->t3[$i];
-                        $sbox[$i]  = (int)$self->sbox[$i];
-                    }
+                static $tables;
+                if (empty($tables)) {
+                    $tables = &$self->_getTables();
                 }
+                $t0   = $tables[0];
+                $t1   = $tables[1];
+                $t2   = $tables[2];
+                $t3   = $tables[3];
+                $sbox = $tables[4];
             ';
 
             $s  = 'e';
@@ -1290,26 +897,25 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
             $encrypt_block .= '$in = pack("N*"'."\n";
             for ($i = 0; $i < $Nb; ++$i) {
                 $encrypt_block.= ',
-                    ($'.$e.$i                  .' & 0xFF000000) ^
-                    ($'.$e.(($i + $c[1]) % $Nb).' & 0x00FF0000) ^
-                    ($'.$e.(($i + $c[2]) % $Nb).' & 0x0000FF00) ^
-                    ($'.$e.(($i + $c[3]) % $Nb).' & 0x000000FF) ^
+                    ($'.$e.$i                  .' & '.((int)0xFF000000).') ^
+                    ($'.$e.(($i + $c[1]) % $Nb).' &         0x00FF0000   ) ^
+                    ($'.$e.(($i + $c[2]) % $Nb).' &         0x0000FF00   ) ^
+                    ($'.$e.(($i + $c[3]) % $Nb).' &         0x000000FF   ) ^
                     '.$w[$i]."\n";
             }
             $encrypt_block .= ');';
 
             // Generating decrypt code:
             $init_decrypt.= '
-                static $dt0, $dt1, $dt2, $dt3, $isbox;
-                if (!$dt0) {
-                    for ($i = 0; $i < 256; ++$i) {
-                        $dt0[$i]   = (int)$self->dt0[$i];
-                        $dt1[$i]   = (int)$self->dt1[$i];
-                        $dt2[$i]   = (int)$self->dt2[$i];
-                        $dt3[$i]   = (int)$self->dt3[$i];
-                        $isbox[$i] = (int)$self->isbox[$i];
-                    }
+                static $invtables;
+                if (empty($invtables)) {
+                    $invtables = &$self->_getInvTables();
                 }
+                $dt0   = $invtables[0];
+                $dt1   = $invtables[1];
+                $dt2   = $invtables[2];
+                $dt3   = $invtables[3];
+                $isbox = $invtables[4];
             ';
 
             $s  = 'e';
@@ -1348,10 +954,10 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
             $decrypt_block .= '$in = pack("N*"'."\n";
             for ($i = 0; $i < $Nb; ++$i) {
                 $decrypt_block.= ',
-                    ($'.$e.$i.                        ' & 0xFF000000) ^
-                    ($'.$e.(($Nb + $i - $c[1]) % $Nb).' & 0x00FF0000) ^
-                    ($'.$e.(($Nb + $i - $c[2]) % $Nb).' & 0x0000FF00) ^
-                    ($'.$e.(($Nb + $i - $c[3]) % $Nb).' & 0x000000FF) ^
+                    ($'.$e.$i.                        ' & '.((int)0xFF000000).') ^
+                    ($'.$e.(($Nb + $i - $c[1]) % $Nb).' &         0x00FF0000   ) ^
+                    ($'.$e.(($Nb + $i - $c[2]) % $Nb).' &         0x0000FF00   ) ^
+                    ($'.$e.(($Nb + $i - $c[3]) % $Nb).' &         0x000000FF   ) ^
                     '.$dw[$i]."\n";
             }
             $decrypt_block .= ');';
@@ -1369,6 +975,3 @@ class Crypt_Rijndael extends Crypt_Base {
         $this->inline_crypt = $lambda_functions[$code_hash];
     }
 }
-
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/TripleDES.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/TripleDES.php
index 4030c6c9fb..29c6eb9d0d 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/TripleDES.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/TripleDES.php
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Triple DES.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.  Operates in the EDE3 mode (encrypt-decrypt-encrypt).
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $des = new Crypt_TripleDES();
+ *    $des = new \phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES();
  *
  *    $des->setKey('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx');
  *
@@ -27,99 +26,64 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_TripleDES
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   TripleDES
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**
- * Include Crypt_DES
- */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_DES')) {
-    require_once('DES.php');
-}
-
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using inner chaining
- *
- * Inner chaining is used by SSH-1 and is generally considered to be less secure then outer chaining (CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC3).
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC', -2);
-
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using outer chaining
- *
- * Outer chaining is used by SSH-2 and when the mode is set to CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC.
- */
-define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC3', CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC);
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Triple DES.
  *
+ * @package TripleDES
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 0.1.0
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_TripleDES
  */
-class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
+class TripleDES extends DES
+{
     /**
-     * The default password key_size used by setPassword()
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using inner chaining
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::password_key_size
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_key_size
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var Integer
-     * @access private
+     * Inner chaining is used by SSH-1 and is generally considered to be less secure then outer chaining (self::MODE_CBC3).
      */
-    var $password_key_size = 24;
+    const MODE_3CBC = -2;
 
     /**
-     * The default salt used by setPassword()
+     * Encrypt / decrypt using outer chaining
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::password_default_salt
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setPassword()
-     * @var String
+     * Outer chaining is used by SSH-2 and when the mode is set to \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::MODE_CBC.
+     */
+    const MODE_CBC3 = Base::MODE_CBC;
+
+    /**
+     * Key Length (in bytes)
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
-    var $password_default_salt = 'phpseclib';
+    var $key_length = 24;
 
     /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
+     * The default salt used by setPassword()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::const_namespace
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::password_default_salt
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setPassword()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $const_namespace = 'DES';
+    var $password_default_salt = 'phpseclib';
 
     /**
      * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\DES::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'tripledes';
@@ -127,8 +91,8 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
     /**
      * Optimizing value while CFB-encrypting
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cfb_init_len
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cfb_init_len
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $cfb_init_len = 750;
@@ -136,27 +100,27 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
     /**
      * max possible size of $key
      *
-     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::setKey()
-     * @see Crypt_DES::setKey()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\DES::setKey()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
-    var $key_size_max = 24;
+    var $key_length_max = 24;
 
     /**
-     * Internal flag whether using CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC or not
+     * Internal flag whether using self::MODE_3CBC or not
      *
-     * @var Boolean
+     * @var bool
      * @access private
      */
     var $mode_3cbc;
 
     /**
-     * The Crypt_DES objects
+     * The \phpseclib\Crypt\DES objects
      *
      * Used only if $mode_3cbc === true
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $des;
@@ -164,65 +128,83 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
     /**
      * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
+     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt or OpenSSL extensions should be used.
      *
      * $mode could be:
      *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::MODE_ECB
      *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::MODE_CBC
      *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::MODE_CTR
      *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::MODE_CFB
      *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::MODE_OFB
      *
-     * - CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC
+     * - \phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES::MODE_3CB
      *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC will be used.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::Crypt_DES()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\DES::__construct()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     * @param int $mode
      * @access public
      */
-    function Crypt_TripleDES($mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC)
+    function __construct($mode)
     {
         switch ($mode) {
-            // In case of CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC, we init as CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC
+            // In case of self::MODE_3CBC, we init as CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC
             // and additional flag us internally as 3CBC
-            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC:
-                parent::Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC);
+            case self::MODE_3CBC:
+                parent::__construct(Base::MODE_CBC);
                 $this->mode_3cbc = true;
 
                 // This three $des'es will do the 3CBC work (if $key > 64bits)
                 $this->des = array(
-                    new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC),
-                    new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC),
-                    new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC),
+                    new DES(Base::MODE_CBC),
+                    new DES(Base::MODE_CBC),
+                    new DES(Base::MODE_CBC),
                 );
 
-                // we're going to be doing the padding, ourselves, so disable it in the Crypt_DES objects
+                // we're going to be doing the padding, ourselves, so disable it in the \phpseclib\Crypt\DES objects
                 $this->des[0]->disablePadding();
                 $this->des[1]->disablePadding();
                 $this->des[2]->disablePadding();
                 break;
             // If not 3CBC, we init as usual
             default:
-                parent::Crypt_DES($mode);
+                parent::__construct($mode);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the initialization vector. (optional)
+     * Test for engine validity
      *
-     * SetIV is not required when CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB is being used.  If not explictly set, it'll be assumed
-     * to be all zero's.
+     * This is mainly just a wrapper to set things up for \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::isValidEngine()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setIV()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     * @param int $engine
      * @access public
-     * @param String $iv
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function isValidEngine($engine)
+    {
+        if ($engine == self::ENGINE_OPENSSL) {
+            $this->cipher_name_openssl_ecb = 'des-ede3';
+            $mode = $this->_openssl_translate_mode();
+            $this->cipher_name_openssl = $mode == 'ecb' ? 'des-ede3' : 'des-ede3-' . $mode;
+        }
+
+        return parent::isValidEngine($engine);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the initialization vector.
+     *
+     * SetIV is not required when \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::MODE_ECB is being used.
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setIV()
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $iv
      */
     function setIV($iv)
     {
@@ -234,39 +216,66 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Sets the key length.
+     *
+     * Valid key lengths are 128 and 192 bits.
+     *
+     * If you want to use a 64-bit key use DES.php
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base:setKeyLength()
+     * @access public
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length is invalid
+     * @param int $length
+     */
+    function setKeyLength($length)
+    {
+        switch ($length) {
+            case 128:
+            case 192:
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \LengthException('Key size of ' . $length . ' bits is not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 128 or 192 bits are supported');
+        }
+
+        parent::setKeyLength($length);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sets the key.
      *
-     * Keys can be of any length.  Triple DES, itself, can use 128-bit (eg. strlen($key) == 16) or
-     * 192-bit (eg. strlen($key) == 24) keys.  This function pads and truncates $key as appropriate.
+     * Triple DES can use 128-bit (eg. strlen($key) == 16) or 192-bit (eg. strlen($key) == 24) keys.
      *
      * DES also requires that every eighth bit be a parity bit, however, we'll ignore that.
      *
-     * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be all null bytes.
-     *
      * @access public
-     * @see Crypt_DES::setKey()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setKey()
-     * @param String $key
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\DES::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setKey()
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length is invalid
+     * @param string $key
      */
     function setKey($key)
     {
-        $length = strlen($key);
-        if ($length > 8) {
-            $key = str_pad(substr($key, 0, 24), 24, chr(0));
-            // if $key is between 64 and 128-bits, use the first 64-bits as the last, per this:
-            // http://php.net/function.mcrypt-encrypt#47973
-            //$key = $length <= 16 ? substr_replace($key, substr($key, 0, 8), 16) : substr($key, 0, 24);
-        } else {
-            $key = str_pad($key, 8, chr(0));
+        if ($this->explicit_key_length !== false && strlen($key) != $this->explicit_key_length) {
+            throw new \LengthException('Key length has already been set to ' . $this->explicit_key_length . ' bytes and this key is ' . strlen($key) . ' bytes');
+        }
+
+        switch (strlen($key)) {
+            case 16:
+                $key.= substr($key, 0, 8);
+            case 24:
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \LengthException('Key of size ' . strlen($key) . ' not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 16 or 24 are supported');
         }
-        parent::setKey($key);
 
-        // And in case of CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC:
-        // if key <= 64bits we not need the 3 $des to work,
-        // because we will then act as regular DES-CBC with just a <= 64bit key.
-        // So only if the key > 64bits (> 8 bytes) we will call setKey() for the 3 $des.
-        if ($this->mode_3cbc && $length > 8) {
+        // copied from Base::setKey()
+        $this->key = $key;
+        $this->key_length = strlen($key);
+        $this->changed = true;
+        $this->_setEngine();
+
+        if ($this->mode_3cbc) {
             $this->des[0]->setKey(substr($key,  0, 8));
             $this->des[1]->setKey(substr($key,  8, 8));
             $this->des[2]->setKey(substr($key, 16, 8));
@@ -276,21 +285,25 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
     /**
      * Encrypts a message.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::encrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::encrypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $plaintext
-     * @return String $cipertext
+     * @param string $plaintext
+     * @return string $cipertext
      */
     function encrypt($plaintext)
     {
         // parent::en/decrypt() is able to do all the work for all modes and keylengths,
-        // except for: CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC (inner chaining CBC) with a key > 64bits
+        // except for: self::MODE_3CBC (inner chaining CBC) with a key > 64bits
 
         // if the key is smaller then 8, do what we'd normally do
         if ($this->mode_3cbc && strlen($this->key) > 8) {
             return $this->des[2]->encrypt(
-                   $this->des[1]->decrypt(
-                   $this->des[0]->encrypt($this->_pad($plaintext))));
+                $this->des[1]->decrypt(
+                    $this->des[0]->encrypt(
+                        $this->_pad($plaintext)
+                    )
+                )
+            );
         }
 
         return parent::encrypt($plaintext);
@@ -299,17 +312,23 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
     /**
      * Decrypts a message.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::decrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::decrypt()
      * @access public
-     * @param String $ciphertext
-     * @return String $plaintext
+     * @param string $ciphertext
+     * @return string $plaintext
      */
     function decrypt($ciphertext)
     {
         if ($this->mode_3cbc && strlen($this->key) > 8) {
-            return $this->_unpad($this->des[0]->decrypt(
-                                 $this->des[1]->encrypt(
-                                 $this->des[2]->decrypt(str_pad($ciphertext, (strlen($ciphertext) + 7) & 0xFFFFFFF8, "\0")))));
+            return $this->_unpad(
+                $this->des[0]->decrypt(
+                    $this->des[1]->encrypt(
+                        $this->des[2]->decrypt(
+                            str_pad($ciphertext, (strlen($ciphertext) + 7) & 0xFFFFFFF8, "\0")
+                        )
+                    )
+                )
+            );
         }
 
         return parent::decrypt($ciphertext);
@@ -344,13 +363,13 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
      * outputs.  The reason is due to the fact that the initialization vector's change after every encryption /
      * decryption round when the continuous buffer is enabled.  When it's disabled, they remain constant.
      *
-     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the Crypt_DES() object changes after each
+     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the \phpseclib\Crypt\DES() object changes after each
      * encryption / decryption round, whereas otherwise, it'd remain constant.  For this reason, it's recommended that
      * continuous buffers not be used.  They do offer better security and are, in fact, sometimes required (SSH uses them),
      * however, they are also less intuitive and more likely to cause you problems.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::enableContinuousBuffer()
-     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::disableContinuousBuffer()
      * @access public
      */
     function enableContinuousBuffer()
@@ -368,8 +387,8 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
      *
      * The default behavior.
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::disableContinuousBuffer()
-     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @see self::enableContinuousBuffer()
      * @access public
      */
     function disableContinuousBuffer()
@@ -385,8 +404,8 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
     /**
      * Creates the key schedule
      *
-     * @see Crypt_DES::_setupKey()
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\DES::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupKey()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupKey()
@@ -416,7 +435,24 @@ class Crypt_TripleDES extends Crypt_DES {
         // setup our key
         parent::_setupKey();
     }
-}
 
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
+    /**
+     * Sets the internal crypt engine
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::__construct()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::setPreferredEngine()
+     * @param int $engine
+     * @access public
+     * @return int
+     */
+    function setPreferredEngine($engine)
+    {
+        if ($this->mode_3cbc) {
+            $this->des[0]->setPreferredEngine($engine);
+            $this->des[1]->setPreferredEngine($engine);
+            $this->des[2]->setPreferredEngine($engine);
+        }
+
+        return parent::setPreferredEngine($engine);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Twofish.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Twofish.php
index 6342298d1a..e4d910db94 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Twofish.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Crypt/Twofish.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Twofish.
  *
  * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
  * Useful resources are as follows:
  *
@@ -15,9 +14,9 @@
  * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Crypt/Twofish.php');
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
  *
- *    $twofish = new Crypt_Twofish();
+ *    $twofish = new \phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish();
  *
  *    $twofish->setKey('12345678901234567890123456789012');
  *
@@ -27,120 +26,32 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Crypt
- * @package    Crypt_Twofish
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @author     Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
- * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @version    1.0
- * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @category  Crypt
+ * @package   Twofish
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @author    Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
  */
 
-/**
- * Include Crypt_Base
- *
- * Base cipher class
- */
-if (!class_exists('Crypt_Base')) {
-    require_once('Base.php');
-}
-
-/**#@+
- * @access public
- * @see Crypt_Twofish::encrypt()
- * @see Crypt_Twofish::decrypt()
- */
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
- *
- * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CTR', CRYPT_MODE_CTR);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_ECB', CRYPT_MODE_ECB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CBC', CRYPT_MODE_CBC);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CFB', CRYPT_MODE_CFB);
-/**
- * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
- *
- * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
- */
-define('CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_OFB', CRYPT_MODE_OFB);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Crypt_Twofish::Crypt_Twofish()
- */
-/**
- * Toggles the internal implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_INTERNAL', CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL);
-/**
- * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
- */
-define('CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_MCRYPT', CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Crypt;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP implementation of Twofish.
  *
+ * @package Twofish
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @author  Hans-Juergen Petrich <petrich@tronic-media.com>
- * @version 1.0
  * @access  public
- * @package Crypt_Twofish
  */
-class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
-    /**
-     * The namespace used by the cipher for its constants.
-     *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::const_namespace
-     * @var String
-     * @access private
-     */
-    var $const_namespace = 'TWOFISH';
-
+class Twofish extends Base
+{
     /**
      * The mcrypt specific name of the cipher
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
-     * @var String
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cipher_name_mcrypt
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $cipher_name_mcrypt = 'twofish';
@@ -148,8 +59,8 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Optimizing value while CFB-encrypting
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::cfb_init_len
-     * @var Integer
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::cfb_init_len
+     * @var int
      * @access private
      */
     var $cfb_init_len = 800;
@@ -157,10 +68,10 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Q-Table
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $q0 = array (
+    var $q0 = array(
         0xA9, 0x67, 0xB3, 0xE8, 0x04, 0xFD, 0xA3, 0x76,
         0x9A, 0x92, 0x80, 0x78, 0xE4, 0xDD, 0xD1, 0x38,
         0x0D, 0xC6, 0x35, 0x98, 0x18, 0xF7, 0xEC, 0x6C,
@@ -198,10 +109,10 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Q-Table
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $q1 = array (
+    var $q1 = array(
         0x75, 0xF3, 0xC6, 0xF4, 0xDB, 0x7B, 0xFB, 0xC8,
         0x4A, 0xD3, 0xE6, 0x6B, 0x45, 0x7D, 0xE8, 0x4B,
         0xD6, 0x32, 0xD8, 0xFD, 0x37, 0x71, 0xF1, 0xE1,
@@ -239,10 +150,10 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * M-Table
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $m0 = array (
+    var $m0 = array(
         0xBCBC3275, 0xECEC21F3, 0x202043C6, 0xB3B3C9F4, 0xDADA03DB, 0x02028B7B, 0xE2E22BFB, 0x9E9EFAC8,
         0xC9C9EC4A, 0xD4D409D3, 0x18186BE6, 0x1E1E9F6B, 0x98980E45, 0xB2B2387D, 0xA6A6D2E8, 0x2626B74B,
         0x3C3C57D6, 0x93938A32, 0x8282EED8, 0x525298FD, 0x7B7BD437, 0xBBBB3771, 0x5B5B97F1, 0x474783E1,
@@ -280,10 +191,10 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * M-Table
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $m1 = array (
+    var $m1 = array(
         0xA9D93939, 0x67901717, 0xB3719C9C, 0xE8D2A6A6, 0x04050707, 0xFD985252, 0xA3658080, 0x76DFE4E4,
         0x9A084545, 0x92024B4B, 0x80A0E0E0, 0x78665A5A, 0xE4DDAFAF, 0xDDB06A6A, 0xD1BF6363, 0x38362A2A,
         0x0D54E6E6, 0xC6432020, 0x3562CCCC, 0x98BEF2F2, 0x181E1212, 0xF724EBEB, 0xECD7A1A1, 0x6C774141,
@@ -321,10 +232,10 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * M-Table
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $m2 = array (
+    var $m2 = array(
         0xBC75BC32, 0xECF3EC21, 0x20C62043, 0xB3F4B3C9, 0xDADBDA03, 0x027B028B, 0xE2FBE22B, 0x9EC89EFA,
         0xC94AC9EC, 0xD4D3D409, 0x18E6186B, 0x1E6B1E9F, 0x9845980E, 0xB27DB238, 0xA6E8A6D2, 0x264B26B7,
         0x3CD63C57, 0x9332938A, 0x82D882EE, 0x52FD5298, 0x7B377BD4, 0xBB71BB37, 0x5BF15B97, 0x47E14783,
@@ -362,10 +273,10 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * M-Table
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
-    var $m3 = array (
+    var $m3 = array(
         0xD939A9D9, 0x90176790, 0x719CB371, 0xD2A6E8D2, 0x05070405, 0x9852FD98, 0x6580A365, 0xDFE476DF,
         0x08459A08, 0x024B9202, 0xA0E080A0, 0x665A7866, 0xDDAFE4DD, 0xB06ADDB0, 0xBF63D1BF, 0x362A3836,
         0x54E60D54, 0x4320C643, 0x62CC3562, 0xBEF298BE, 0x1E12181E, 0x24EBF724, 0xD7A1ECD7, 0x77416C77,
@@ -403,7 +314,7 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key Schedule Array
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $K = array();
@@ -411,7 +322,7 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key depended S-Table 0
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $S0 = array();
@@ -419,7 +330,7 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key depended S-Table 1
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $S1 = array();
@@ -427,7 +338,7 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key depended S-Table 2
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $S2 = array();
@@ -435,7 +346,7 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * The Key depended S-Table 3
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $S3 = array();
@@ -443,75 +354,86 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
     /**
      * Holds the last used key
      *
-     * @var Array
+     * @var array
      * @access private
      */
     var $kl;
 
     /**
-     * Default Constructor.
+     * The Key Length (in bytes)
      *
-     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
-     *
-     * $mode could be:
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_ECB
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CBC
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CTR
-     *
-     * - CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CFB
+     * @see Crypt_Twofish::setKeyLength()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $key_length = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
      *
-     * - CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_OFB
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @access public
+     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid / unsupported mode is provided
+     */
+    function __construct($mode)
+    {
+        if ($mode == self::MODE_STREAM) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Block ciphers cannot be ran in stream mode');
+        }
+
+        parent::__construct($mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key length.
      *
-     * If not explictly set, CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     * Valid key lengths are 128, 192 or 256 bits
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::Crypt_Base()
-     * @param optional Integer $mode
      * @access public
+     * @param int $length
      */
-    function Crypt_Twofish($mode = CRYPT_TWOFISH_MODE_CBC)
+    function setKeyLength($length)
     {
-        parent::Crypt_Base($mode);
+        switch ($length) {
+            case 128:
+            case 192:
+            case 256:
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \LengthException('Key of size ' . strlen($key) . ' not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 16, 24 or 32 supported');
+        }
+
+        parent::setKeyLength($length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the key.
      *
-     * Keys can be of any length. Twofish, itself, requires the use of a key that's 128, 192 or 256-bits long.
-     * If the key is less than 256-bits we round the length up to the closest valid key length,
-     * padding $key with null bytes. If the key is more than 256-bits, we trim the excess bits.
-     *
-     * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed a 128 bits key to be all null bytes.
+     * Rijndael supports five different key lengths
      *
+     * @see setKeyLength()
      * @access public
-     * @see Crypt_Base::setKey()
-     * @param String $key
+     * @param string $key
+     * @throws \LengthException if the key length isn't supported
      */
     function setKey($key)
     {
-        $keylength = strlen($key);
-        switch (true) {
-            case $keylength <= 16:
-                $key = str_pad($key, 16, "\0");
-                break;
-            case $keylength <= 24:
-                $key = str_pad($key, 24, "\0");
-                break;
-            case $keylength < 32:
-                $key = str_pad($key, 32, "\0");
+        switch (strlen($key)) {
+            case 16:
+            case 24:
+            case 32:
                 break;
-            case $keylength > 32:
-                $key = substr($key, 0, 32);
+            default:
+                throw new \LengthException('Key of size ' . strlen($key) . ' not supported by this algorithm. Only keys of sizes 16, 24 or 32 supported');
         }
+
         parent::setKey($key);
     }
 
     /**
      * Setup the key (expansion)
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupKey()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupKey()
@@ -536,9 +458,9 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
 
         switch (strlen($this->key)) {
             case 16:
-                list ($s7, $s6, $s5, $s4) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[1], $le_longs[2]);
-                list ($s3, $s2, $s1, $s0) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[3], $le_longs[4]);
-                for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $i < 40; $i+= 2,$j+= 2) {
+                list($s7, $s6, $s5, $s4) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[1], $le_longs[2]);
+                list($s3, $s2, $s1, $s0) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[3], $le_longs[4]);
+                for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $i < 40; $i+= 2, $j+= 2) {
                     $A = $m0[$q0[$q0[$i] ^ $key[ 9]] ^ $key[1]] ^
                          $m1[$q0[$q1[$i] ^ $key[10]] ^ $key[2]] ^
                          $m2[$q1[$q0[$i] ^ $key[11]] ^ $key[3]] ^
@@ -559,9 +481,9 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
                 }
                 break;
             case 24:
-                list ($sb, $sa, $s9, $s8) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[1], $le_longs[2]);
-                list ($s7, $s6, $s5, $s4) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[3], $le_longs[4]);
-                list ($s3, $s2, $s1, $s0) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[5], $le_longs[6]);
+                list($sb, $sa, $s9, $s8) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[1], $le_longs[2]);
+                list($s7, $s6, $s5, $s4) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[3], $le_longs[4]);
+                list($s3, $s2, $s1, $s0) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[5], $le_longs[6]);
                 for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $i < 40; $i+= 2, $j+= 2) {
                     $A = $m0[$q0[$q0[$q1[$i] ^ $key[17]] ^ $key[ 9]] ^ $key[1]] ^
                          $m1[$q0[$q1[$q1[$i] ^ $key[18]] ^ $key[10]] ^ $key[2]] ^
@@ -583,10 +505,10 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
                 }
                 break;
             default: // 32
-                list ($sf, $se, $sd, $sc) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[1], $le_longs[2]);
-                list ($sb, $sa, $s9, $s8) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[3], $le_longs[4]);
-                list ($s7, $s6, $s5, $s4) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[5], $le_longs[6]);
-                list ($s3, $s2, $s1, $s0) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[7], $le_longs[8]);
+                list($sf, $se, $sd, $sc) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[1], $le_longs[2]);
+                list($sb, $sa, $s9, $s8) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[3], $le_longs[4]);
+                list($s7, $s6, $s5, $s4) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[5], $le_longs[6]);
+                list($s3, $s2, $s1, $s0) = $this->_mdsrem($le_longs[7], $le_longs[8]);
                 for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $i < 40; $i+= 2, $j+= 2) {
                     $A = $m0[$q0[$q0[$q1[$q1[$i] ^ $key[25]] ^ $key[17]] ^ $key[ 9]] ^ $key[1]] ^
                          $m1[$q0[$q1[$q1[$q0[$i] ^ $key[26]] ^ $key[18]] ^ $key[10]] ^ $key[2]] ^
@@ -619,9 +541,9 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
      * _mdsrem function using by the twofish cipher algorithm
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $A
-     * @param String $B
-     * @return Array
+     * @param string $A
+     * @param string $B
+     * @return array
      */
     function _mdsrem($A, $B)
     {
@@ -648,7 +570,9 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
             $u^= 0x7fffffff & ($t >> 1);
 
             // Add the modular polynomial on underflow.
-            if ($t & 0x01) $u^= 0xa6 ;
+            if ($t & 0x01) {
+                $u^= 0xa6 ;
+            }
 
             // Remove t * (a + 1/a) * (x^3 + x).
             $B^= ($u << 24) | ($u << 8);
@@ -665,8 +589,8 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
      * Encrypts a block
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _encryptBlock($in)
     {
@@ -709,18 +633,20 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
             $R1 = ((($R1 >> 31) & 1) | ($R1 << 1)) ^ ($t0 + ($t1 << 1) + $K[++$ki]);
         }
 
+        // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
         return pack("V4", $K[4] ^ $R2,
                           $K[5] ^ $R3,
                           $K[6] ^ $R0,
                           $K[7] ^ $R1);
+        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
     }
 
     /**
      * Decrypts a block
      *
      * @access private
-     * @param String $in
-     * @return String
+     * @param string $in
+     * @return string
      */
     function _decryptBlock($in)
     {
@@ -763,38 +689,38 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
             $R0 = ($R0 >> 31 & 0x1 | $R0 << 1) ^ ($t0 + $t1 + $K[--$ki]);
         }
 
+        // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
         return pack("V4", $K[0] ^ $R2,
                           $K[1] ^ $R3,
                           $K[2] ^ $R0,
                           $K[3] ^ $R1);
+        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
     }
 
     /**
      * Setup the performance-optimized function for de/encrypt()
      *
-     * @see Crypt_Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Crypt\Base::_setupInlineCrypt()
      * @access private
      */
     function _setupInlineCrypt()
     {
-        $lambda_functions =& Crypt_Twofish::_getLambdaFunctions();
+        $lambda_functions =& self::_getLambdaFunctions();
 
         // Max. 10 Ultra-Hi-optimized inline-crypt functions. After that, we'll (still) create very fast code, but not the ultimate fast one.
-        $gen_hi_opt_code = (bool)( count($lambda_functions) < 10 );
+        // (Currently, for Crypt_Twofish, one generated $lambda_function cost on php5.5@32bit ~140kb unfreeable mem and ~240kb on php5.5@64bit)
+        $gen_hi_opt_code = (bool)(count($lambda_functions) < 10);
 
-        switch (true) {
-            case $gen_hi_opt_code:
-                $code_hash = md5(str_pad("Crypt_Twofish, {$this->mode}, ", 32, "\0") . $this->key);
-                break;
-            default:
-                $code_hash = "Crypt_Twofish, {$this->mode}";
+        // Generation of a uniqe hash for our generated code
+        $code_hash = "Crypt_Twofish, {$this->mode}";
+        if ($gen_hi_opt_code) {
+            $code_hash = str_pad($code_hash, 32) . $this->_hashInlineCryptFunction($this->key);
         }
 
         if (!isset($lambda_functions[$code_hash])) {
             switch (true) {
                 case $gen_hi_opt_code:
                     $K = $this->K;
-
                     $init_crypt = '
                         static $S0, $S1, $S2, $S3;
                         if (!$S0) {
@@ -812,7 +738,6 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
                     for ($i = 0; $i < 40; ++$i) {
                         $K[] = '$K_' . $i;
                     }
-
                     $init_crypt = '
                         $S0 = $self->S0;
                         $S1 = $self->S1;
@@ -919,6 +844,3 @@ class Crypt_Twofish extends Crypt_Base {
         $this->inline_crypt = $lambda_functions[$code_hash];
     }
 }
-
-// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
-// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/BadConfigurationException.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/BadConfigurationException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..096148a0df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/BadConfigurationException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * BadConfigurationException
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Exception
+ * @package   BadConfigurationException
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Exception;
+
+/**
+ * BadConfigurationException
+ *
+ * @package BadConfigurationException
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ */
+class BadConfigurationException extends \RuntimeException
+{
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/FileNotFoundException.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/FileNotFoundException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..984edfcc7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/FileNotFoundException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * FileNotFoundException
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Exception
+ * @package   FileNotFoundException
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Exception;
+
+/**
+ * FileNotFoundException
+ *
+ * @package FileNotFoundException
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ */
+class FileNotFoundException extends \RuntimeException
+{
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/NoSupportedAlgorithmsException.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/NoSupportedAlgorithmsException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bca9a753b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/NoSupportedAlgorithmsException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * NoSupportedAlgorithmsException
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Exception
+ * @package   NoSupportedAlgorithmsException
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Exception;
+
+/**
+ * NoSupportedAlgorithmsException
+ *
+ * @package NoSupportedAlgorithmsException
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ */
+class NoSupportedAlgorithmsException extends \RuntimeException
+{
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/UnsupportedAlgorithmException.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/UnsupportedAlgorithmException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47cc41d4d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Exception/UnsupportedAlgorithmException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * UnsupportedAlgorithmException
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Exception
+ * @package   UnsupportedAlgorithmException
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2015 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Exception;
+
+/**
+ * UnsupportedAlgorithmException
+ *
+ * @package UnsupportedAlgorithmException
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ */
+class UnsupportedAlgorithmException extends \RuntimeException
+{
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ANSI.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ANSI.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f3eecb30a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ANSI.php
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ANSI Decoder
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * If you call read() in \phpseclib\Net\SSH2 you may get {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code ANSI escape codes} back.
+ * They'd look like chr(0x1B) . '[00m' or whatever (0x1B = ESC).  They tell a
+ * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator terminal emulator} how to format the characters, what
+ * color to display them in, etc. \phpseclib\File\ANSI is a {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100 VT100} terminal emulator.
+ *
+ * @category  File
+ * @package   ANSI
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2012 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\File;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ANSI Decoder
+ *
+ * @package ANSI
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class ANSI
+{
+    /**
+     * Max Width
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $max_x;
+
+    /**
+     * Max Height
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $max_y;
+
+    /**
+     * Max History
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $max_history;
+
+    /**
+     * History
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $history;
+
+    /**
+     * History Attributes
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $history_attrs;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Column
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $x;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Row
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $y;
+
+    /**
+     * Old Column
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $old_x;
+
+    /**
+     * Old Row
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $old_y;
+
+    /**
+     * An empty attribute cell
+     *
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $base_attr_cell;
+
+    /**
+     * The current attribute cell
+     *
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $attr_cell;
+
+    /**
+     * An empty attribute row
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $attr_row;
+
+    /**
+     * The current screen text
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $screen;
+
+    /**
+     * The current screen attributes
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $attrs;
+
+    /**
+     * Current ANSI code
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $ansi;
+
+    /**
+     * Tokenization
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $tokenization;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * @return \phpseclib\File\ANSI
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct()
+    {
+        $attr_cell = new \stdClass();
+        $attr_cell->bold = false;
+        $attr_cell->underline = false;
+        $attr_cell->blink = false;
+        $attr_cell->background = 'black';
+        $attr_cell->foreground = 'white';
+        $attr_cell->reverse = false;
+        $this->base_attr_cell = clone $attr_cell;
+        $this->attr_cell = clone $attr_cell;
+
+        $this->setHistory(200);
+        $this->setDimensions(80, 24);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set terminal width and height
+     *
+     * Resets the screen as well
+     *
+     * @param int $x
+     * @param int $y
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setDimensions($x, $y)
+    {
+        $this->max_x = $x - 1;
+        $this->max_y = $y - 1;
+        $this->x = $this->y = 0;
+        $this->history = $this->history_attrs = array();
+        $this->attr_row = array_fill(0, $this->max_x + 2, $this->base_attr_cell);
+        $this->screen = array_fill(0, $this->max_y + 1, '');
+        $this->attrs = array_fill(0, $this->max_y + 1, $this->attr_row);
+        $this->ansi = '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the number of lines that should be logged past the terminal height
+     *
+     * @param int $x
+     * @param int $y
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setHistory($history)
+    {
+        $this->max_history = $history;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a string
+     *
+     * @param string $source
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function loadString($source)
+    {
+        $this->setDimensions($this->max_x + 1, $this->max_y + 1);
+        $this->appendString($source);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appdend a string
+     *
+     * @param string $source
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function appendString($source)
+    {
+        $this->tokenization = array('');
+        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($source); $i++) {
+            if (strlen($this->ansi)) {
+                $this->ansi.= $source[$i];
+                $chr = ord($source[$i]);
+                // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Sequence_elements
+                // single character CSI's not currently supported
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $this->ansi == "\x1B=":
+                        $this->ansi = '';
+                        continue 2;
+                    case strlen($this->ansi) == 2 && $chr >= 64 && $chr <= 95 && $chr != ord('['):
+                    case strlen($this->ansi) > 2 && $chr >= 64 && $chr <= 126:
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        continue 2;
+                }
+                $this->tokenization[] = $this->ansi;
+                $this->tokenization[] = '';
+                // http://ascii-table.com/ansi-escape-sequences-vt-100.php
+                switch ($this->ansi) {
+                    case "\x1B[H": // Move cursor to upper left corner
+                        $this->old_x = $this->x;
+                        $this->old_y = $this->y;
+                        $this->x = $this->y = 0;
+                        break;
+                    case "\x1B[J": // Clear screen from cursor down
+                        $this->history = array_merge($this->history, array_slice(array_splice($this->screen, $this->y + 1), 0, $this->old_y));
+                        $this->screen = array_merge($this->screen, array_fill($this->y, $this->max_y, ''));
+
+                        $this->history_attrs = array_merge($this->history_attrs, array_slice(array_splice($this->attrs, $this->y + 1), 0, $this->old_y));
+                        $this->attrs = array_merge($this->attrs, array_fill($this->y, $this->max_y, $this->attr_row));
+
+                        if (count($this->history) == $this->max_history) {
+                            array_shift($this->history);
+                            array_shift($this->history_attrs);
+                        }
+                    case "\x1B[K": // Clear screen from cursor right
+                        $this->screen[$this->y] = substr($this->screen[$this->y], 0, $this->x);
+
+                        array_splice($this->attrs[$this->y], $this->x + 1, $this->max_x - $this->x, array_fill($this->x, $this->max_x - $this->x - 1, $this->base_attr_cell));
+                        break;
+                    case "\x1B[2K": // Clear entire line
+                        $this->screen[$this->y] = str_repeat(' ', $this->x);
+                        $this->attrs[$this->y] = $this->attr_row;
+                        break;
+                    case "\x1B[?1h": // set cursor key to application
+                    case "\x1B[?25h": // show the cursor
+                    case "\x1B(B": // set united states g0 character set
+                        break;
+                    case "\x1BE": // Move to next line
+                        $this->_newLine();
+                        $this->x = 0;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        switch (true) {
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+)B#', $this->ansi, $match): // Move cursor down n lines
+                                $this->old_y = $this->y;
+                                $this->y+= $match[1];
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+);(\d+)H#', $this->ansi, $match): // Move cursor to screen location v,h
+                                $this->old_x = $this->x;
+                                $this->old_y = $this->y;
+                                $this->x = $match[2] - 1;
+                                $this->y = $match[1] - 1;
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+)C#', $this->ansi, $match): // Move cursor right n lines
+                                $this->old_x = $this->x;
+                                $this->x+= $match[1];
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+)D#', $this->ansi, $match): // Move cursor left n lines
+                                $this->old_x = $this->x;
+                                $this->x-= $match[1];
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+);(\d+)r#', $this->ansi, $match): // Set top and bottom lines of a window
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d*(?:;\d*)*)m#', $this->ansi, $match): // character attributes
+                                $attr_cell = &$this->attr_cell;
+                                $mods = explode(';', $match[1]);
+                                foreach ($mods as $mod) {
+                                    switch ($mod) {
+                                        case 0: // Turn off character attributes
+                                            $attr_cell = clone $this->base_attr_cell;
+                                            break;
+                                        case 1: // Turn bold mode on
+                                            $attr_cell->bold = true;
+                                            break;
+                                        case 4: // Turn underline mode on
+                                            $attr_cell->underline = true;
+                                            break;
+                                        case 5: // Turn blinking mode on
+                                            $attr_cell->blink = true;
+                                            break;
+                                        case 7: // Turn reverse video on
+                                            $attr_cell->reverse = !$attr_cell->reverse;
+                                            $temp = $attr_cell->background;
+                                            $attr_cell->background = $attr_cell->foreground;
+                                            $attr_cell->foreground = $temp;
+                                            break;
+                                        default: // set colors
+                                            //$front = $attr_cell->reverse ? &$attr_cell->background : &$attr_cell->foreground;
+                                            $front = &$attr_cell->{ $attr_cell->reverse ? 'background' : 'foreground' };
+                                            //$back = $attr_cell->reverse ? &$attr_cell->foreground : &$attr_cell->background;
+                                            $back = &$attr_cell->{ $attr_cell->reverse ? 'foreground' : 'background' };
+                                            switch ($mod) {
+                                                // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+                                                case 30: $front = 'black'; break;
+                                                case 31: $front = 'red'; break;
+                                                case 32: $front = 'green'; break;
+                                                case 33: $front = 'yellow'; break;
+                                                case 34: $front = 'blue'; break;
+                                                case 35: $front = 'magenta'; break;
+                                                case 36: $front = 'cyan'; break;
+                                                case 37: $front = 'white'; break;
+
+                                                case 40: $back = 'black'; break;
+                                                case 41: $back = 'red'; break;
+                                                case 42: $back = 'green'; break;
+                                                case 43: $back = 'yellow'; break;
+                                                case 44: $back = 'blue'; break;
+                                                case 45: $back = 'magenta'; break;
+                                                case 46: $back = 'cyan'; break;
+                                                case 47: $back = 'white'; break;
+                                                // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+
+                                                default:
+                                                    //user_error('Unsupported attribute: ' . $mod);
+                                                    $this->ansi = '';
+                                                    break 2;
+                                            }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                //user_error("{$this->ansi} is unsupported\r\n");
+                        }
+                }
+                $this->ansi = '';
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $this->tokenization[count($this->tokenization) - 1].= $source[$i];
+            switch ($source[$i]) {
+                case "\r":
+                    $this->x = 0;
+                    break;
+                case "\n":
+                    $this->_newLine();
+                    break;
+                case "\x08": // backspace
+                    if ($this->x) {
+                        $this->x--;
+                        $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = clone $this->base_attr_cell;
+                        $this->screen[$this->y] = substr_replace(
+                            $this->screen[$this->y],
+                            $source[$i],
+                            $this->x,
+                            1
+                        );
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "\x0F": // shift
+                    break;
+                case "\x1B": // start ANSI escape code
+                    $this->tokenization[count($this->tokenization) - 1] = substr($this->tokenization[count($this->tokenization) - 1], 0, -1);
+                    //if (!strlen($this->tokenization[count($this->tokenization) - 1])) {
+                    //    array_pop($this->tokenization);
+                    //}
+                    $this->ansi.= "\x1B";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = clone $this->attr_cell;
+                    if ($this->x > strlen($this->screen[$this->y])) {
+                        $this->screen[$this->y] = str_repeat(' ', $this->x);
+                    }
+                    $this->screen[$this->y] = substr_replace(
+                        $this->screen[$this->y],
+                        $source[$i],
+                        $this->x,
+                        1
+                    );
+
+                    if ($this->x > $this->max_x) {
+                        $this->x = 0;
+                        $this->y++;
+                    } else {
+                        $this->x++;
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a new line
+     *
+     * Also update the $this->screen and $this->history buffers
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _newLine()
+    {
+        //if ($this->y < $this->max_y) {
+        //    $this->y++;
+        //}
+
+        while ($this->y >= $this->max_y) {
+            $this->history = array_merge($this->history, array(array_shift($this->screen)));
+            $this->screen[] = '';
+
+            $this->history_attrs = array_merge($this->history_attrs, array(array_shift($this->attrs)));
+            $this->attrs[] = $this->attr_row;
+
+            if (count($this->history) >= $this->max_history) {
+                array_shift($this->history);
+                array_shift($this->history_attrs);
+            }
+
+            $this->y--;
+        }
+        $this->y++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current coordinate without preformating
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _processCoordinate($last_attr, $cur_attr, $char)
+    {
+        $output = '';
+
+        if ($last_attr != $cur_attr) {
+            $close = $open = '';
+            if ($last_attr->foreground != $cur_attr->foreground) {
+                if ($cur_attr->foreground != 'white') {
+                    $open.= '<span style="color: ' . $cur_attr->foreground . '">';
+                }
+                if ($last_attr->foreground != 'white') {
+                    $close = '</span>' . $close;
+                }
+            }
+            if ($last_attr->background != $cur_attr->background) {
+                if ($cur_attr->background != 'black') {
+                    $open.= '<span style="background: ' . $cur_attr->background . '">';
+                }
+                if ($last_attr->background != 'black') {
+                    $close = '</span>' . $close;
+                }
+            }
+            if ($last_attr->bold != $cur_attr->bold) {
+                if ($cur_attr->bold) {
+                    $open.= '<b>';
+                } else {
+                    $close = '</b>' . $close;
+                }
+            }
+            if ($last_attr->underline != $cur_attr->underline) {
+                if ($cur_attr->underline) {
+                    $open.= '<u>';
+                } else {
+                    $close = '</u>' . $close;
+                }
+            }
+            if ($last_attr->blink != $cur_attr->blink) {
+                if ($cur_attr->blink) {
+                    $open.= '<blink>';
+                } else {
+                    $close = '</blink>' . $close;
+                }
+            }
+            $output.= $close . $open;
+        }
+
+        $output.= htmlspecialchars($char);
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current screen without preformating
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _getScreen()
+    {
+        $output = '';
+        $last_attr = $this->base_attr_cell;
+        for ($i = 0; $i <= $this->max_y; $i++) {
+            for ($j = 0; $j <= $this->max_x; $j++) {
+                $cur_attr = $this->attrs[$i][$j];
+                $output.= $this->_processCoordinate($last_attr, $cur_attr, isset($this->screen[$i][$j]) ? $this->screen[$i][$j] : '');
+                $last_attr = $this->attrs[$i][$j];
+            }
+            $output.= "\r\n";
+        }
+        $output = substr($output, 0, -2);
+        // close any remaining open tags
+        $output.= $this->_processCoordinate($last_attr, $this->base_attr_cell, '');
+        return rtrim($output);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current screen
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function getScreen()
+    {
+        return '<pre width="' . ($this->max_x + 1) . '" style="color: white; background: black">' . $this->_getScreen() . '</pre>';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current screen and the x previous lines
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function getHistory()
+    {
+        $scrollback = '';
+        $last_attr = $this->base_attr_cell;
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->history); $i++) {
+            for ($j = 0; $j <= $this->max_x + 1; $j++) {
+                $cur_attr = $this->history_attrs[$i][$j];
+                $scrollback.= $this->_processCoordinate($last_attr, $cur_attr, isset($this->history[$i][$j]) ? $this->history[$i][$j] : '');
+                $last_attr = $this->history_attrs[$i][$j];
+            }
+            $scrollback.= "\r\n";
+        }
+        $base_attr_cell = $this->base_attr_cell;
+        $this->base_attr_cell = $last_attr;
+        $scrollback.= $this->_getScreen();
+        $this->base_attr_cell = $base_attr_cell;
+
+        return '<pre width="' . ($this->max_x + 1) . '" style="color: white; background: black">' . $scrollback . '</span></pre>';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad59f69bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1310 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ASN.1 Parser
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * ASN.1 provides the semantics for data encoded using various schemes.  The most commonly
+ * utilized scheme is DER or the "Distinguished Encoding Rules".  PEM's are base64 encoded
+ * DER blobs.
+ *
+ * \phpseclib\File\ASN1 decodes and encodes DER formatted messages and places them in a semantic context.
+ *
+ * Uses the 1988 ASN.1 syntax.
+ *
+ * @category  File
+ * @package   ASN1
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2012 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\File;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ASN.1 Parser
+ *
+ * @package ASN1
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class ASN1
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * Tag Classes
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#page=12
+     */
+    const CLASS_UNIVERSAL        = 0;
+    const CLASS_APPLICATION      = 1;
+    const CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC = 2;
+    const CLASS_PRIVATE          = 3;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Tag Classes
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node124.html
+    */
+    const TYPE_BOOLEAN           = 1;
+    const TYPE_INTEGER           = 2;
+    const TYPE_BIT_STRING        = 3;
+    const TYPE_OCTET_STRING      = 4;
+    const TYPE_NULL              = 5;
+    const TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER = 6;
+    //const TYPE_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR = 7;
+    //const TYPE_INSTANCE_OF       = 8; // EXTERNAL
+    const TYPE_REAL              = 9;
+    const TYPE_ENUMERATED        = 10;
+    //const TYPE_EMBEDDED          = 11;
+    const TYPE_UTF8_STRING       = 12;
+    //const TYPE_RELATIVE_OID      = 13;
+    const TYPE_SEQUENCE          = 16; // SEQUENCE OF
+    const TYPE_SET               = 17; // SET OF
+    /**#@-*/
+    /**#@+
+     * More Tag Classes
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node10.html
+    */
+    const TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING   = 18;
+    const TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING = 19;
+    const TYPE_TELETEX_STRING   = 20; // T61String
+    const TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING  = 21;
+    const TYPE_IA5_STRING       = 22;
+    const TYPE_UTC_TIME         = 23;
+    const TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME = 24;
+    const TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING   = 25;
+    const TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING   = 26; // ISO646String
+    const TYPE_GENERAL_STRING   = 27;
+    const TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING = 28;
+    //const TYPE_CHARACTER_STRING = 29;
+    const TYPE_BMP_STRING       = 30;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Tag Aliases
+     *
+     * These tags are kinda place holders for other tags.
+     *
+     * @access private
+    */
+    const TYPE_CHOICE = -1;
+    const TYPE_ANY    = -2;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 object identifier
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_identifier
+     */
+    var $oids = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Default date format
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://php.net/class.datetime
+     */
+    var $format = 'D, d M Y H:i:s O';
+
+    /**
+     * Default date format
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     * @see self::setTimeFormat()
+     * @see self::asn1map()
+     * @link http://php.net/class.datetime
+     */
+    var $encoded;
+
+    /**
+     * Filters
+     *
+     * If the mapping type is self::TYPE_ANY what do we actually encode it as?
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     * @see self::_encode_der()
+     */
+    var $filters;
+
+    /**
+     * Type mapping table for the ANY type.
+     *
+     * Structured or unknown types are mapped to a \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element.
+     * Unambiguous types get the direct mapping (int/real/bool).
+     * Others are mapped as a choice, with an extra indexing level.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    var $ANYmap = array(
+        self::TYPE_BOOLEAN              => true,
+        self::TYPE_INTEGER              => true,
+        self::TYPE_BIT_STRING           => 'bitString',
+        self::TYPE_OCTET_STRING         => 'octetString',
+        self::TYPE_NULL                 => 'null',
+        self::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER    => 'objectIdentifier',
+        self::TYPE_REAL                 => true,
+        self::TYPE_ENUMERATED           => 'enumerated',
+        self::TYPE_UTF8_STRING          => 'utf8String',
+        self::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING       => 'numericString',
+        self::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING     => 'printableString',
+        self::TYPE_TELETEX_STRING       => 'teletexString',
+        self::TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING      => 'videotexString',
+        self::TYPE_IA5_STRING           => 'ia5String',
+        self::TYPE_UTC_TIME             => 'utcTime',
+        self::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME     => 'generalTime',
+        self::TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING       => 'graphicString',
+        self::TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING       => 'visibleString',
+        self::TYPE_GENERAL_STRING       => 'generalString',
+        self::TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING     => 'universalString',
+        //self::TYPE_CHARACTER_STRING     => 'characterString',
+        self::TYPE_BMP_STRING           => 'bmpString'
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * String type to character size mapping table.
+     *
+     * Non-convertable types are absent from this table.
+     * size == 0 indicates variable length encoding.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    var $stringTypeSize = array(
+        self::TYPE_UTF8_STRING      => 0,
+        self::TYPE_BMP_STRING       => 2,
+        self::TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING => 4,
+        self::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING => 1,
+        self::TYPE_TELETEX_STRING   => 1,
+        self::TYPE_IA5_STRING       => 1,
+        self::TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING   => 1,
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Parse BER-encoding
+     *
+     * Serves a similar purpose to openssl's asn1parse
+     *
+     * @param string $encoded
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function decodeBER($encoded)
+    {
+        if ($encoded instanceof Element) {
+            $encoded = $encoded->element;
+        }
+
+        $this->encoded = $encoded;
+        // encapsulate in an array for BC with the old decodeBER
+        return array($this->_decode_ber($encoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse BER-encoding (Helper function)
+     *
+     * Sometimes we want to get the BER encoding of a particular tag.  $start lets us do that without having to reencode.
+     * $encoded is passed by reference for the recursive calls done for self::TYPE_BIT_STRING and
+     * self::TYPE_OCTET_STRING. In those cases, the indefinite length is used.
+     *
+     * @param string $encoded
+     * @param int $start
+     * @return array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _decode_ber($encoded, $start = 0)
+    {
+        $current = array('start' => $start);
+
+        $type = ord($this->_string_shift($encoded));
+        $start++;
+
+        $constructed = ($type >> 5) & 1;
+
+        $tag = $type & 0x1F;
+        if ($tag == 0x1F) {
+            $tag = 0;
+            // process septets (since the eighth bit is ignored, it's not an octet)
+            do {
+                $loop = ord($encoded[0]) >> 7;
+                $tag <<= 7;
+                $tag |= ord($this->_string_shift($encoded)) & 0x7F;
+                $start++;
+            } while ($loop);
+        }
+
+        // Length, as discussed in paragraph 8.1.3 of X.690-0207.pdf#page=13
+        $length = ord($this->_string_shift($encoded));
+        $start++;
+        if ($length == 0x80) { // indefinite length
+            // "[A sender shall] use the indefinite form (see 8.1.3.6) if the encoding is constructed and is not all
+            //  immediately available." -- paragraph 8.1.3.2.c
+            $length = strlen($encoded);
+        } elseif ($length & 0x80) { // definite length, long form
+            // technically, the long form of the length can be represented by up to 126 octets (bytes), but we'll only
+            // support it up to four.
+            $length&= 0x7F;
+            $temp = $this->_string_shift($encoded, $length);
+            // tags of indefinte length don't really have a header length; this length includes the tag
+            $current+= array('headerlength' => $length + 2);
+            $start+= $length;
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', substr(str_pad($temp, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -4)));
+        } else {
+            $current+= array('headerlength' => 2);
+        }
+
+        if ($length > strlen($encoded)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $content = $this->_string_shift($encoded, $length);
+
+        // at this point $length can be overwritten. it's only accurate for definite length things as is
+
+        /* Class is UNIVERSAL, APPLICATION, PRIVATE, or CONTEXT-SPECIFIC. The UNIVERSAL class is restricted to the ASN.1
+           built-in types. It defines an application-independent data type that must be distinguishable from all other
+           data types. The other three classes are user defined. The APPLICATION class distinguishes data types that
+           have a wide, scattered use within a particular presentation context. PRIVATE distinguishes data types within
+           a particular organization or country. CONTEXT-SPECIFIC distinguishes members of a sequence or set, the
+           alternatives of a CHOICE, or universally tagged set members. Only the class number appears in braces for this
+           data type; the term CONTEXT-SPECIFIC does not appear.
+
+             -- http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node12.html */
+        $class = ($type >> 6) & 3;
+        switch ($class) {
+            case self::CLASS_APPLICATION:
+            case self::CLASS_PRIVATE:
+            case self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC:
+                if (!$constructed) {
+                    return array(
+                        'type'     => $class,
+                        'constant' => $tag,
+                        'content'  => $content,
+                        'length'   => $length + $start - $current['start']
+                    );
+                }
+
+                $newcontent = array();
+                $remainingLength = $length;
+                while ($remainingLength > 0) {
+                    $temp = $this->_decode_ber($content, $start);
+                    $length = $temp['length'];
+                    // end-of-content octets - see paragraph 8.1.5
+                    if (substr($content, $length, 2) == "\0\0") {
+                        $length+= 2;
+                        $start+= $length;
+                        $newcontent[] = $temp;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    $start+= $length;
+                    $remainingLength-= $length;
+                    $newcontent[] = $temp;
+                    $this->_string_shift($content, $length);
+                }
+
+                return array(
+                    'type'     => $class,
+                    'constant' => $tag,
+                    // the array encapsulation is for BC with the old format
+                    'content'  => $newcontent,
+                    // the only time when $content['headerlength'] isn't defined is when the length is indefinite.
+                    // the absence of $content['headerlength'] is how we know if something is indefinite or not.
+                    // technically, it could be defined to be 2 and then another indicator could be used but whatever.
+                    'length'   => $start - $current['start']
+                ) + $current;
+        }
+
+        $current+= array('type' => $tag);
+
+        // decode UNIVERSAL tags
+        switch ($tag) {
+            case self::TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                // "The contents octets shall consist of a single octet." -- paragraph 8.2.1
+                //if (strlen($content) != 1) {
+                //    return false;
+                //}
+                $current['content'] = (bool) ord($content[0]);
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_INTEGER:
+            case self::TYPE_ENUMERATED:
+                $current['content'] = new BigInteger($content, -256);
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_REAL: // not currently supported
+                return false;
+            case self::TYPE_BIT_STRING:
+                // The initial octet shall encode, as an unsigned binary integer with bit 1 as the least significant bit,
+                // the number of unused bits in the final subsequent octet. The number shall be in the range zero to
+                // seven.
+                if (!$constructed) {
+                    $current['content'] = $content;
+                } else {
+                    $temp = $this->_decode_ber($content, $start);
+                    $length-= strlen($content);
+                    $last = count($temp) - 1;
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < $last; $i++) {
+                        // all subtags should be bit strings
+                        //if ($temp[$i]['type'] != self::TYPE_BIT_STRING) {
+                        //    return false;
+                        //}
+                        $current['content'].= substr($temp[$i]['content'], 1);
+                    }
+                    // all subtags should be bit strings
+                    //if ($temp[$last]['type'] != self::TYPE_BIT_STRING) {
+                    //    return false;
+                    //}
+                    $current['content'] = $temp[$last]['content'][0] . $current['content'] . substr($temp[$i]['content'], 1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_OCTET_STRING:
+                if (!$constructed) {
+                    $current['content'] = $content;
+                } else {
+                    $current['content'] = '';
+                    $length = 0;
+                    while (substr($content, 0, 2) != "\0\0") {
+                        $temp = $this->_decode_ber($content, $length + $start);
+                        $this->_string_shift($content, $temp['length']);
+                        // all subtags should be octet strings
+                        //if ($temp['type'] != self::TYPE_OCTET_STRING) {
+                        //    return false;
+                        //}
+                        $current['content'].= $temp['content'];
+                        $length+= $temp['length'];
+                    }
+                    if (substr($content, 0, 2) == "\0\0") {
+                        $length+= 2; // +2 for the EOC
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_NULL:
+                // "The contents octets shall not contain any octets." -- paragraph 8.8.2
+                //if (strlen($content)) {
+                //    return false;
+                //}
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+            case self::TYPE_SET:
+                $offset = 0;
+                $current['content'] = array();
+                while (strlen($content)) {
+                    // if indefinite length construction was used and we have an end-of-content string next
+                    // see paragraphs 8.1.1.3, 8.1.3.2, 8.1.3.6, 8.1.5, and (for an example) 8.6.4.2
+                    if (!isset($current['headerlength']) && substr($content, 0, 2) == "\0\0") {
+                        $length = $offset + 2; // +2 for the EOC
+                        break 2;
+                    }
+                    $temp = $this->_decode_ber($content, $start + $offset);
+                    $this->_string_shift($content, $temp['length']);
+                    $current['content'][] = $temp;
+                    $offset+= $temp['length'];
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER:
+                $temp = ord($this->_string_shift($content));
+                $current['content'] = sprintf('%d.%d', floor($temp / 40), $temp % 40);
+                $valuen = 0;
+                // process septets
+                while (strlen($content)) {
+                    $temp = ord($this->_string_shift($content));
+                    $valuen <<= 7;
+                    $valuen |= $temp & 0x7F;
+                    if (~$temp & 0x80) {
+                        $current['content'].= ".$valuen";
+                        $valuen = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                // the eighth bit of the last byte should not be 1
+                //if ($temp >> 7) {
+                //    return false;
+                //}
+                break;
+            /* Each character string type shall be encoded as if it had been declared:
+               [UNIVERSAL x] IMPLICIT OCTET STRING
+
+                 -- X.690-0207.pdf#page=23 (paragraph 8.21.3)
+
+               Per that, we're not going to do any validation.  If there are any illegal characters in the string,
+               we don't really care */
+            case self::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING:
+                // 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and space
+            case self::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING:
+                // Upper and lower case letters, digits, space, apostrophe, left/right parenthesis, plus sign, comma,
+                // hyphen, full stop, solidus, colon, equal sign, question mark
+            case self::TYPE_TELETEX_STRING:
+                // The Teletex character set in CCITT's T61, space, and delete
+                // see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletex#Character_sets
+            case self::TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING:
+                // The Videotex character set in CCITT's T.100 and T.101, space, and delete
+            case self::TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING:
+                // Printing character sets of international ASCII, and space
+            case self::TYPE_IA5_STRING:
+                // International Alphabet 5 (International ASCII)
+            case self::TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING:
+                // All registered G sets, and space
+            case self::TYPE_GENERAL_STRING:
+                // All registered C and G sets, space and delete
+            case self::TYPE_UTF8_STRING:
+                // ????
+            case self::TYPE_BMP_STRING:
+                $current['content'] = $content;
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_UTC_TIME:
+            case self::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME:
+                $current['content'] = $this->_decodeTime($content, $tag);
+            default:
+        }
+
+        $start+= $length;
+
+        // ie. length is the length of the full TLV encoding - it's not just the length of the value
+        return $current + array('length' => $start - $current['start']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 Map
+     *
+     * Provides an ASN.1 semantic mapping ($mapping) from a parsed BER-encoding to a human readable format.
+     *
+     * "Special" mappings may be applied on a per tag-name basis via $special.
+     *
+     * @param array $decoded
+     * @param array $mapping
+     * @param array $special
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function asn1map($decoded, $mapping, $special = array())
+    {
+        if (isset($mapping['explicit']) && is_array($decoded['content'])) {
+            $decoded = $decoded['content'][0];
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case $mapping['type'] == self::TYPE_ANY:
+                $intype = $decoded['type'];
+                if (isset($decoded['constant']) || !isset($this->ANYmap[$intype]) || ($this->encoded[$decoded['start']] & 0x20)) {
+                    return new Element(substr($this->encoded, $decoded['start'], $decoded['length']));
+                }
+                $inmap = $this->ANYmap[$intype];
+                if (is_string($inmap)) {
+                    return array($inmap => $this->asn1map($decoded, array('type' => $intype) + $mapping, $special));
+                }
+                break;
+            case $mapping['type'] == self::TYPE_CHOICE:
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $option) {
+                    switch (true) {
+                        case isset($option['constant']) && $option['constant'] == $decoded['constant']:
+                        case !isset($option['constant']) && $option['type'] == $decoded['type']:
+                            $value = $this->asn1map($decoded, $option, $special);
+                            break;
+                        case !isset($option['constant']) && $option['type'] == self::TYPE_CHOICE:
+                            $v = $this->asn1map($decoded, $option, $special);
+                            if (isset($v)) {
+                                $value = $v;
+                            }
+                    }
+                    if (isset($value)) {
+                        if (isset($special[$key])) {
+                            $value = call_user_func($special[$key], $value);
+                        }
+                        return array($key => $value);
+                    }
+                }
+                return null;
+            case isset($mapping['implicit']):
+            case isset($mapping['explicit']):
+            case $decoded['type'] == $mapping['type']:
+                break;
+            default:
+                // if $decoded['type'] and $mapping['type'] are both strings, but different types of strings,
+                // let it through
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $decoded['type'] < 18: // self::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING == 18
+                    case $decoded['type'] > 30: // self::TYPE_BMP_STRING == 30
+                    case $mapping['type'] < 18:
+                    case $mapping['type'] > 30:
+                        return null;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (isset($mapping['implicit'])) {
+            $decoded['type'] = $mapping['type'];
+        }
+
+        switch ($decoded['type']) {
+            case self::TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+                $map = array();
+
+                // ignore the min and max
+                if (isset($mapping['min']) && isset($mapping['max'])) {
+                    $child = $mapping['children'];
+                    foreach ($decoded['content'] as $content) {
+                        if (($map[] = $this->asn1map($content, $child, $special)) === null) {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return $map;
+                }
+
+                $n = count($decoded['content']);
+                $i = 0;
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    $maymatch = $i < $n; // Match only existing input.
+                    if ($maymatch) {
+                        $temp = $decoded['content'][$i];
+
+                        if ($child['type'] != self::TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            // Get the mapping and input class & constant.
+                            $childClass = $tempClass = self::CLASS_UNIVERSAL;
+                            $constant = null;
+                            if (isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                                $tempClass = isset($temp['class']) ? $temp['class'] : self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                            }
+                            if (isset($child['class'])) {
+                                $childClass = $child['class'];
+                                $constant = $child['cast'];
+                            } elseif (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                                $childClass = self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                                $constant = $child['constant'];
+                            }
+
+                            if (isset($constant) && isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                                // Can only match if constants and class match.
+                                $maymatch = $constant == $temp['constant'] && $childClass == $tempClass;
+                            } else {
+                                // Can only match if no constant expected and type matches or is generic.
+                                $maymatch = !isset($child['constant']) && array_search($child['type'], array($temp['type'], self::TYPE_ANY, self::TYPE_CHOICE)) !== false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if ($maymatch) {
+                        // Attempt submapping.
+                        $candidate = $this->asn1map($temp, $child, $special);
+                        $maymatch = $candidate !== null;
+                    }
+
+                    if ($maymatch) {
+                        // Got the match: use it.
+                        if (isset($special[$key])) {
+                            $candidate = call_user_func($special[$key], $candidate);
+                        }
+                        $map[$key] = $candidate;
+                        $i++;
+                    } elseif (isset($child['default'])) {
+                        $map[$key] = $child['default']; // Use default.
+                    } elseif (!isset($child['optional'])) {
+                        return null; // Syntax error.
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Fail mapping if all input items have not been consumed.
+                return $i < $n ? null: $map;
+
+            // the main diff between sets and sequences is the encapsulation of the foreach in another for loop
+            case self::TYPE_SET:
+                $map = array();
+
+                // ignore the min and max
+                if (isset($mapping['min']) && isset($mapping['max'])) {
+                    $child = $mapping['children'];
+                    foreach ($decoded['content'] as $content) {
+                        if (($map[] = $this->asn1map($content, $child, $special)) === null) {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return $map;
+                }
+
+                for ($i = 0; $i < count($decoded['content']); $i++) {
+                    $temp = $decoded['content'][$i];
+                    $tempClass = self::CLASS_UNIVERSAL;
+                    if (isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                        $tempClass = isset($temp['class']) ? $temp['class'] : self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                    }
+
+                    foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                        if (isset($map[$key])) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        $maymatch = true;
+                        if ($child['type'] != self::TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            $childClass = self::CLASS_UNIVERSAL;
+                            $constant = null;
+                            if (isset($child['class'])) {
+                                $childClass = $child['class'];
+                                $constant = $child['cast'];
+                            } elseif (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                                $childClass = self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                                $constant = $child['constant'];
+                            }
+
+                            if (isset($constant) && isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                                // Can only match if constants and class match.
+                                $maymatch = $constant == $temp['constant'] && $childClass == $tempClass;
+                            } else {
+                                // Can only match if no constant expected and type matches or is generic.
+                                $maymatch = !isset($child['constant']) && array_search($child['type'], array($temp['type'], self::TYPE_ANY, self::TYPE_CHOICE)) !== false;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if ($maymatch) {
+                            // Attempt submapping.
+                            $candidate = $this->asn1map($temp, $child, $special);
+                            $maymatch = $candidate !== null;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!$maymatch) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // Got the match: use it.
+                        if (isset($special[$key])) {
+                            $candidate = call_user_func($special[$key], $candidate);
+                        }
+                        $map[$key] = $candidate;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    if (!isset($map[$key])) {
+                        if (isset($child['default'])) {
+                            $map[$key] = $child['default'];
+                        } elseif (!isset($child['optional'])) {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return $map;
+            case self::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER:
+                return isset($this->oids[$decoded['content']]) ? $this->oids[$decoded['content']] : $decoded['content'];
+            case self::TYPE_UTC_TIME:
+            case self::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME:
+                if (isset($mapping['implicit'])) {
+                    $decoded['content'] = $this->_decodeTime($decoded['content'], $decoded['type']);
+                }
+                return @date($this->format, $decoded['content']);
+            case self::TYPE_BIT_STRING:
+                if (isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    $offset = ord($decoded['content'][0]);
+                    $size = (strlen($decoded['content']) - 1) * 8 - $offset;
+                    /*
+                       From X.680-0207.pdf#page=46 (21.7):
+
+                       "When a "NamedBitList" is used in defining a bitstring type ASN.1 encoding rules are free to add (or remove)
+                        arbitrarily any trailing 0 bits to (or from) values that are being encoded or decoded. Application designers should
+                        therefore ensure that different semantics are not associated with such values which differ only in the number of trailing
+                        0 bits."
+                    */
+                    $bits = count($mapping['mapping']) == $size ? array() : array_fill(0, count($mapping['mapping']) - $size, false);
+                    for ($i = strlen($decoded['content']) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) {
+                        $current = ord($decoded['content'][$i]);
+                        for ($j = $offset; $j < 8; $j++) {
+                            $bits[] = (bool) ($current & (1 << $j));
+                        }
+                        $offset = 0;
+                    }
+                    $values = array();
+                    $map = array_reverse($mapping['mapping']);
+                    foreach ($map as $i => $value) {
+                        if ($bits[$i]) {
+                            $values[] = $value;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return $values;
+                }
+            case self::TYPE_OCTET_STRING:
+                return Base64::encode($decoded['content']);
+            case self::TYPE_NULL:
+                return '';
+            case self::TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                return $decoded['content'];
+            case self::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_TELETEX_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_IA5_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_GENERAL_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_UTF8_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_BMP_STRING:
+                return $decoded['content'];
+            case self::TYPE_INTEGER:
+            case self::TYPE_ENUMERATED:
+                $temp = $decoded['content'];
+                if (isset($mapping['implicit'])) {
+                    $temp = new BigInteger($decoded['content'], -256);
+                }
+                if (isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    $temp = (int) $temp->toString();
+                    return isset($mapping['mapping'][$temp]) ?
+                        $mapping['mapping'][$temp] :
+                        false;
+                }
+                return $temp;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 Encode
+     *
+     * DER-encodes an ASN.1 semantic mapping ($mapping).  Some libraries would probably call this function
+     * an ASN.1 compiler.
+     *
+     * "Special" mappings can be applied via $special.
+     *
+     * @param string $source
+     * @param string $mapping
+     * @param int $idx
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function encodeDER($source, $mapping, $special = array())
+    {
+        $this->location = array();
+        return $this->_encode_der($source, $mapping, null, $special);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 Encode (Helper function)
+     *
+     * @param string $source
+     * @param string $mapping
+     * @param int $idx
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \RuntimeException if the input has an error in it
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _encode_der($source, $mapping, $idx = null, $special = array())
+    {
+        if ($source instanceof Element) {
+            return $source->element;
+        }
+
+        // do not encode (implicitly optional) fields with value set to default
+        if (isset($mapping['default']) && $source === $mapping['default']) {
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        if (isset($idx)) {
+            if (isset($special[$idx])) {
+                $source = call_user_func($special[$idx], $source);
+            }
+            $this->location[] = $idx;
+        }
+
+        $tag = $mapping['type'];
+
+        switch ($tag) {
+            case self::TYPE_SET:    // Children order is not important, thus process in sequence.
+            case self::TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+                $tag|= 0x20; // set the constructed bit
+                $value = '';
+
+                // ignore the min and max
+                if (isset($mapping['min']) && isset($mapping['max'])) {
+                    $child = $mapping['children'];
+
+                    foreach ($source as $content) {
+                        $temp = $this->_encode_der($content, $child, null, $special);
+                        if ($temp === false) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        $value.= $temp;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    if (!array_key_exists($key, $source)) {
+                        if (!isset($child['optional'])) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $temp = $this->_encode_der($source[$key], $child, $key, $special);
+                    if ($temp === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    // An empty child encoding means it has been optimized out.
+                    // Else we should have at least one tag byte.
+                    if ($temp === '') {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // if isset($child['constant']) is true then isset($child['optional']) should be true as well
+                    if (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                        /*
+                           From X.680-0207.pdf#page=58 (30.6):
+
+                           "The tagging construction specifies explicit tagging if any of the following holds:
+                            ...
+                            c) the "Tag Type" alternative is used and the value of "TagDefault" for the module is IMPLICIT TAGS or
+                            AUTOMATIC TAGS, but the type defined by "Type" is an untagged choice type, an untagged open type, or
+                            an untagged "DummyReference" (see ITU-T Rec. X.683 | ISO/IEC 8824-4, 8.3)."
+                         */
+                        if (isset($child['explicit']) || $child['type'] == self::TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            $subtag = chr((self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 0x20 | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
+                        } else {
+                            $subtag = chr((self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | (ord($temp[0]) & 0x20) | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . substr($temp, 1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    $value.= $temp;
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_CHOICE:
+                $temp = false;
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    if (!isset($source[$key])) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $temp = $this->_encode_der($source[$key], $child, $key, $special);
+                    if ($temp === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    // An empty child encoding means it has been optimized out.
+                    // Else we should have at least one tag byte.
+                    if ($temp === '') {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $tag = ord($temp[0]);
+
+                    // if isset($child['constant']) is true then isset($child['optional']) should be true as well
+                    if (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                        if (isset($child['explicit']) || $child['type'] == self::TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            $subtag = chr((self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 0x20 | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
+                        } else {
+                            $subtag = chr((self::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | (ord($temp[0]) & 0x20) | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . substr($temp, 1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (isset($idx)) {
+                    array_pop($this->location);
+                }
+
+                if ($temp && isset($mapping['cast'])) {
+                    $temp[0] = chr(($mapping['class'] << 6) | ($tag & 0x20) | $mapping['cast']);
+                }
+
+                return $temp;
+            case self::TYPE_INTEGER:
+            case self::TYPE_ENUMERATED:
+                if (!isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    if (is_numeric($source)) {
+                        $source = new BigInteger($source);
+                    }
+                    $value = $source->toBytes(true);
+                } else {
+                    $value = array_search($source, $mapping['mapping']);
+                    if ($value === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $value = new BigInteger($value);
+                    $value = $value->toBytes(true);
+                }
+                if (!strlen($value)) {
+                    $value = chr(0);
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_UTC_TIME:
+            case self::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME:
+                $format = $mapping['type'] == self::TYPE_UTC_TIME ? 'y' : 'Y';
+                $format.= 'mdHis';
+                $value = @gmdate($format, strtotime($source)) . 'Z';
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_BIT_STRING:
+                if (isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    $bits = array_fill(0, count($mapping['mapping']), 0);
+                    $size = 0;
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($mapping['mapping']); $i++) {
+                        if (in_array($mapping['mapping'][$i], $source)) {
+                            $bits[$i] = 1;
+                            $size = $i;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (isset($mapping['min']) && $mapping['min'] >= 1 && $size < $mapping['min']) {
+                        $size = $mapping['min'] - 1;
+                    }
+
+                    $offset = 8 - (($size + 1) & 7);
+                    $offset = $offset !== 8 ? $offset : 0;
+
+                    $value = chr($offset);
+
+                    for ($i = $size + 1; $i < count($mapping['mapping']); $i++) {
+                        unset($bits[$i]);
+                    }
+
+                    $bits = implode('', array_pad($bits, $size + $offset + 1, 0));
+                    $bytes = explode(' ', rtrim(chunk_split($bits, 8, ' ')));
+                    foreach ($bytes as $byte) {
+                        $value.= chr(bindec($byte));
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            case self::TYPE_OCTET_STRING:
+                /* The initial octet shall encode, as an unsigned binary integer with bit 1 as the least significant bit,
+                   the number of unused bits in the final subsequent octet. The number shall be in the range zero to seven.
+
+                   -- http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#page=16 */
+                $value = Base64::decode($source);
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER:
+                $oid = preg_match('#(?:\d+\.)+#', $source) ? $source : array_search($source, $this->oids);
+                if ($oid === false) {
+                    throw new \RuntimeException('Invalid OID');
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $value = '';
+                $parts = explode('.', $oid);
+                $value = chr(40 * $parts[0] + $parts[1]);
+                for ($i = 2; $i < count($parts); $i++) {
+                    $temp = '';
+                    if (!$parts[$i]) {
+                        $temp = "\0";
+                    } else {
+                        while ($parts[$i]) {
+                            $temp = chr(0x80 | ($parts[$i] & 0x7F)) . $temp;
+                            $parts[$i] >>= 7;
+                        }
+                        $temp[strlen($temp) - 1] = $temp[strlen($temp) - 1] & chr(0x7F);
+                    }
+                    $value.= $temp;
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_ANY:
+                $loc = $this->location;
+                if (isset($idx)) {
+                    array_pop($this->location);
+                }
+
+                switch (true) {
+                    case !isset($source):
+                        return $this->_encode_der(null, array('type' => self::TYPE_NULL) + $mapping, null, $special);
+                    case is_int($source):
+                    case $source instanceof BigInteger:
+                        return $this->_encode_der($source, array('type' => self::TYPE_INTEGER) + $mapping, null, $special);
+                    case is_float($source):
+                        return $this->_encode_der($source, array('type' => self::TYPE_REAL) + $mapping, null, $special);
+                    case is_bool($source):
+                        return $this->_encode_der($source, array('type' => self::TYPE_BOOLEAN) + $mapping, null, $special);
+                    case is_array($source) && count($source) == 1:
+                        $typename = implode('', array_keys($source));
+                        $outtype = array_search($typename, $this->ANYmap, true);
+                        if ($outtype !== false) {
+                            return $this->_encode_der($source[$typename], array('type' => $outtype) + $mapping, null, $special);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                $filters = $this->filters;
+                foreach ($loc as $part) {
+                    if (!isset($filters[$part])) {
+                        $filters = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    $filters = $filters[$part];
+                }
+                if ($filters === false) {
+                    throw new \RuntimeException('No filters defined for ' . implode('/', $loc));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return $this->_encode_der($source, $filters + $mapping, null, $special);
+            case self::TYPE_NULL:
+                $value = '';
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_TELETEX_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_UTF8_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_BMP_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_IA5_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING:
+            case self::TYPE_GENERAL_STRING:
+                $value = $source;
+                break;
+            case self::TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                $value = $source ? "\xFF" : "\x00";
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Mapping provides no type definition for ' . implode('/', $this->location));
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($idx)) {
+            array_pop($this->location);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($mapping['cast'])) {
+            if (isset($mapping['explicit']) || $mapping['type'] == self::TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                $value = chr($tag) . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($value)) . $value;
+                $tag = ($mapping['class'] << 6) | 0x20 | $mapping['cast'];
+            } else {
+                $tag = ($mapping['class'] << 6) | (ord($temp[0]) & 0x20) | $mapping['cast'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return chr($tag) . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($value)) . $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DER-encode the length
+     *
+     * DER supports lengths up to (2**8)**127, however, we'll only support lengths up to (2**8)**4.  See
+     * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 paragraph 8.1.3} for more information.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _encodeLength($length)
+    {
+        if ($length <= 0x7F) {
+            return chr($length);
+        }
+
+        $temp = ltrim(pack('N', $length), chr(0));
+        return pack('Ca*', 0x80 | strlen($temp), $temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * BER-decode the time
+     *
+     * Called by _decode_ber() and in the case of implicit tags asn1map().
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $content
+     * @param int $tag
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _decodeTime($content, $tag)
+    {
+        /* UTCTime:
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5.1
+           http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node15.html
+
+           GeneralizedTime:
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5.2
+           http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node14.html */
+
+        $pattern = $tag == self::TYPE_UTC_TIME ?
+            '#(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(.*)#' :
+            '#(....)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..).*([Z+-].*)$#';
+
+        preg_match($pattern, $content, $matches);
+
+        list(, $year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second, $timezone) = $matches;
+
+        if ($tag == self::TYPE_UTC_TIME) {
+            $year = $year >= 50 ? "19$year" : "20$year";
+        }
+
+        if ($timezone == 'Z') {
+            $mktime = 'gmmktime';
+            $timezone = 0;
+        } elseif (preg_match('#([+-])(\d\d)(\d\d)#', $timezone, $matches)) {
+            $mktime = 'gmmktime';
+            $timezone = 60 * $matches[3] + 3600 * $matches[2];
+            if ($matches[1] == '-') {
+                $timezone = -$timezone;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $mktime = 'mktime';
+            $timezone = 0;
+        }
+
+        return @$mktime($hour, $minute, $second, $month, $day, $year) + $timezone;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the time format
+     *
+     * Sets the time / date format for asn1map().
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $format
+     */
+    function setTimeFormat($format)
+    {
+        $this->format = $format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load OIDs
+     *
+     * Load the relevant OIDs for a particular ASN.1 semantic mapping.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param array $oids
+     */
+    function loadOIDs($oids)
+    {
+        $this->oids = $oids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load filters
+     *
+     * See \phpseclib\File\X509, etc, for an example.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param array $filters
+     */
+    function loadFilters($filters)
+    {
+        $this->filters = $filters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String type conversion
+     *
+     * This is a lazy conversion, dealing only with character size.
+     * No real conversion table is used.
+     *
+     * @param string $in
+     * @param int $from
+     * @param int $to
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function convert($in, $from = self::TYPE_UTF8_STRING, $to = self::TYPE_UTF8_STRING)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->stringTypeSize[$from]) || !isset($this->stringTypeSize[$to])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $insize = $this->stringTypeSize[$from];
+        $outsize = $this->stringTypeSize[$to];
+        $inlength = strlen($in);
+        $out = '';
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $inlength;) {
+            if ($inlength - $i < $insize) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Get an input character as a 32-bit value.
+            $c = ord($in[$i++]);
+            switch (true) {
+                case $insize == 4:
+                    $c = ($c << 8) | ord($in[$i++]);
+                    $c = ($c << 8) | ord($in[$i++]);
+                case $insize == 2:
+                    $c = ($c << 8) | ord($in[$i++]);
+                case $insize == 1:
+                    break;
+                case ($c & 0x80) == 0x00:
+                    break;
+                case ($c & 0x40) == 0x00:
+                    return false;
+                default:
+                    $bit = 6;
+                    do {
+                        if ($bit > 25 || $i >= $inlength || (ord($in[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        $c = ($c << 6) | (ord($in[$i++]) & 0x3F);
+                        $bit += 5;
+                        $mask = 1 << $bit;
+                    } while ($c & $bit);
+                    $c &= $mask - 1;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // Convert and append the character to output string.
+            $v = '';
+            switch (true) {
+                case $outsize == 4:
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                case $outsize == 2:
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                case $outsize == 1:
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                    if ($c) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case ($c & 0x80000000) != 0:
+                    return false;
+                case $c >= 0x04000000:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x04000000;
+                case $c >= 0x00200000:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x00200000;
+                case $c >= 0x00010000:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x00010000;
+                case $c >= 0x00000800:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x00000800;
+                case $c >= 0x00000080:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x000000C0;
+                default:
+                    $v .= chr($c);
+                    break;
+            }
+            $out .= strrev($v);
+        }
+        return $out;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Element.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Element.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68246e2b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Element.php
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ASN.1 Parser
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  File
+ * @package   ASN1
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2012 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\File\ASN1;
+
+/**
+ * ASN.1 Element
+ *
+ * Bypass normal encoding rules in phpseclib\File\ASN1::encodeDER()
+ *
+ * @package ASN1
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class Element
+{
+    /**
+     * Raw element value
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $element;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     *
+     * @param string $encoded
+     * @return \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct($encoded)
+    {
+        $this->element = $encoded;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/X509.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/X509.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..984d1e678b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/File/X509.php
@@ -0,0 +1,4746 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP X.509 Parser
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Encode and decode X.509 certificates.
+ *
+ * The extensions are from {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280 RFC5280} and
+ * {@link http://web.archive.org/web/19961027104704/http://www3.netscape.com/eng/security/cert-exts.html Netscape Certificate Extensions}.
+ *
+ * Note that loading an X.509 certificate and resaving it may invalidate the signature.  The reason being that the signature is based on a
+ * portion of the certificate that contains optional parameters with default values.  ie. if the parameter isn't there the default value is
+ * used.  Problem is, if the parameter is there and it just so happens to have the default value there are two ways that that parameter can
+ * be encoded.  It can be encoded explicitly or left out all together.  This would effect the signature value and thus may invalidate the
+ * the certificate all together unless the certificate is re-signed.
+ *
+ * @category  File
+ * @package   X509
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2012 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\File;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Hash;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+use phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException;
+use phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP X.509 Parser
+ *
+ * @package X509
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class X509
+{
+    /**
+     * Flag to only accept signatures signed by certificate authorities
+     *
+     * Not really used anymore but retained all the same to suppress E_NOTICEs from old installs
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    const VALIDATE_SIGNATURE_BY_CA = 1;
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::getDN()
+    */
+    /**
+     * Return internal array representation
+     */
+    const DN_ARRAY = 0;
+    /**
+     * Return string
+     */
+    const DN_STRING = 1;
+    /**
+     * Return ASN.1 name string
+     */
+    const DN_ASN1 = 2;
+    /**
+     * Return OpenSSL compatible array
+     */
+    const DN_OPENSSL = 3;
+    /**
+     * Return canonical ASN.1 RDNs string
+     */
+    const DN_CANON = 4;
+    /**
+     * Return name hash for file indexing
+     */
+    const DN_HASH = 5;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::saveX509()
+     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::saveCSR()
+     * @see \phpseclib\File\X509::saveCRL()
+    */
+    /**
+     * Save as PEM
+     *
+     * ie. a base64-encoded PEM with a header and a footer
+     */
+    const FORMAT_PEM = 0;
+    /**
+     * Save as DER
+     */
+    const FORMAT_DER = 1;
+    /**
+     * Save as a SPKAC
+     *
+     * Only works on CSRs. Not currently supported.
+     */
+    const FORMAT_SPKAC = 2;
+    /**
+     * Auto-detect the format
+     *
+     * Used only by the load*() functions
+     */
+    const FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT = 3;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * Attribute value disposition.
+     * If disposition is >= 0, this is the index of the target value.
+     */
+    const ATTR_ALL = -1; // All attribute values (array).
+    const ATTR_APPEND = -2; // Add a value.
+    const ATTR_REPLACE = -3; // Clear first, then add a value.
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 syntax for X.509 certificates
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $Certificate;
+
+    /**#@+
+     * ASN.1 syntax for various extensions
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $DirectoryString;
+    var $PKCS9String;
+    var $AttributeValue;
+    var $Extensions;
+    var $KeyUsage;
+    var $ExtKeyUsageSyntax;
+    var $BasicConstraints;
+    var $KeyIdentifier;
+    var $CRLDistributionPoints;
+    var $AuthorityKeyIdentifier;
+    var $CertificatePolicies;
+    var $AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax;
+    var $SubjectAltName;
+    var $SubjectDirectoryAttributes;
+    var $PrivateKeyUsagePeriod;
+    var $IssuerAltName;
+    var $PolicyMappings;
+    var $NameConstraints;
+
+    var $CPSuri;
+    var $UserNotice;
+
+    var $netscape_cert_type;
+    var $netscape_comment;
+    var $netscape_ca_policy_url;
+
+    var $Name;
+    var $RelativeDistinguishedName;
+    var $CRLNumber;
+    var $CRLReason;
+    var $IssuingDistributionPoint;
+    var $InvalidityDate;
+    var $CertificateIssuer;
+    var $HoldInstructionCode;
+    var $SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * ASN.1 syntax for various DN attributes
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $PostalAddress;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 syntax for Certificate Signing Requests (RFC2986)
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $CertificationRequest;
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 syntax for Certificate Revocation Lists (RFC5280)
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $CertificateList;
+
+    /**
+     * Distinguished Name
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dn;
+
+    /**
+     * Public key
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $publicKey;
+
+    /**
+     * Private key
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $privateKey;
+
+    /**
+     * Object identifiers for X.509 certificates
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_identifier
+     */
+    var $oids;
+
+    /**
+     * The certificate authorities
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $CAs;
+
+    /**
+     * The currently loaded certificate
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $currentCert;
+
+    /**
+     * The signature subject
+     *
+     * There's no guarantee \phpseclib\File\X509 is going to reencode an X.509 cert in the same way it was originally
+     * encoded so we take save the portion of the original cert that the signature would have made for.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signatureSubject;
+
+    /**
+     * Certificate Start Date
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $startDate;
+
+    /**
+     * Certificate End Date
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $endDate;
+
+    /**
+     * Serial Number
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $serialNumber;
+
+    /**
+     * Key Identifier
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.1 RFC5280#section-4.2.1.1} and
+     * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.2 RFC5280#section-4.2.1.2}.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $currentKeyIdentifier;
+
+    /**
+     * CA Flag
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $caFlag = false;
+
+    /**
+     * SPKAC Challenge
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $challenge;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * @return \phpseclib\File\X509
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct()
+    {
+        // Explicitly Tagged Module, 1988 Syntax
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#appendix-A.1
+
+        $this->DirectoryString = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'teletexString'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_TELETEX_STRING),
+                'printableString' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING),
+                'universalString' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING),
+                'utf8String'      => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING),
+                'bmpString'       => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BMP_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->PKCS9String = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'ia5String'       => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING),
+                'directoryString' => $this->DirectoryString
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->AttributeValue = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY);
+
+        $AttributeType = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $AttributeTypeAndValue = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'type' => $AttributeType,
+                'value'=> $this->AttributeValue
+            )
+        );
+
+        /*
+        In practice, RDNs containing multiple name-value pairs (called "multivalued RDNs") are rare,
+        but they can be useful at times when either there is no unique attribute in the entry or you
+        want to ensure that the entry's DN contains some useful identifying information.
+
+        - https://www.opends.org/wiki/page/DefinitionRelativeDistinguishedName
+        */
+        $this->RelativeDistinguishedName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $AttributeTypeAndValue
+        );
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.4
+        $RDNSequence = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            // RDNSequence does not define a min or a max, which means it doesn't have one
+            'min'      => 0,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $this->RelativeDistinguishedName
+        );
+
+        $this->Name = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'rdnSequence' => $RDNSequence
+            )
+        );
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.1.2
+        $AlgorithmIdentifier = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'algorithm'  => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                'parameters' => array(
+                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_ANY,
+                                    'optional' => true
+                                )
+            )
+        );
+
+        /*
+           A certificate using system MUST reject the certificate if it encounters
+           a critical extension it does not recognize; however, a non-critical
+           extension may be ignored if it is not recognized.
+
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2
+        */
+        $Extension = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'extnId'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                'critical' => array(
+                                  'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                  'optional' => true,
+                                  'default'  => false
+                              ),
+                'extnValue' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->Extensions = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            // technically, it's MAX, but we'll assume anything < 0 is MAX
+            'max'      => -1,
+            // if 'children' isn't an array then 'min' and 'max' must be defined
+            'children' => $Extension
+        );
+
+        $SubjectPublicKeyInfo = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'algorithm'        => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'subjectPublicKey' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $UniqueIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING);
+
+        $Time = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'utcTime'     => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTC_TIME),
+                'generalTime' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME)
+            )
+        );
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5
+        $Validity = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'notBefore' => $Time,
+                'notAfter'  => $Time
+            )
+        );
+
+        $CertificateSerialNumber = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER);
+
+        $Version = array(
+            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER,
+            'mapping' => array('v1', 'v2', 'v3')
+        );
+
+        // assert($TBSCertificate['children']['signature'] == $Certificate['children']['signatureAlgorithm'])
+        $TBSCertificate = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                // technically, default implies optional, but we'll define it as being optional, none-the-less, just to
+                // reenforce that fact
+                'version'             => array(
+                                             'constant' => 0,
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'explicit' => true,
+                                             'default'  => 'v1'
+                                         ) + $Version,
+                'serialNumber'         => $CertificateSerialNumber,
+                'signature'            => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'issuer'               => $this->Name,
+                'validity'             => $Validity,
+                'subject'              => $this->Name,
+                'subjectPublicKeyInfo' => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+                // implicit means that the T in the TLV structure is to be rewritten, regardless of the type
+                'issuerUniqueID'       => array(
+                                               'constant' => 1,
+                                               'optional' => true,
+                                               'implicit' => true
+                                           ) + $UniqueIdentifier,
+                'subjectUniqueID'       => array(
+                                               'constant' => 2,
+                                               'optional' => true,
+                                               'implicit' => true
+                                           ) + $UniqueIdentifier,
+                // <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2459#page-74> doesn't use the EXPLICIT keyword but if
+                // it's not IMPLICIT, it's EXPLICIT
+                'extensions'            => array(
+                                               'constant' => 3,
+                                               'optional' => true,
+                                               'explicit' => true
+                                           ) + $this->Extensions
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->Certificate = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'tbsCertificate'     => $TBSCertificate,
+                 'signatureAlgorithm' => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                 'signature'          => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->KeyUsage = array(
+            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
+            'mapping' => array(
+                'digitalSignature',
+                'nonRepudiation',
+                'keyEncipherment',
+                'dataEncipherment',
+                'keyAgreement',
+                'keyCertSign',
+                'cRLSign',
+                'encipherOnly',
+                'decipherOnly'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->BasicConstraints = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'cA'                => array(
+                                                 'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'default'  => false
+                                       ),
+                'pathLenConstraint' => array(
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER,
+                                                 'optional' => true
+                                       )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->KeyIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING);
+
+        $OrganizationalUnitNames = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => 4, // ub-organizational-units
+            'children' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+        );
+
+        $PersonalName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
+            'children' => array(
+                'surname'              => array(
+                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 0,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         ),
+                'given-name'           => array(
+                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 1,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         ),
+                'initials'             => array(
+                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 2,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         ),
+                'generation-qualifier' => array(
+                                           'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 3,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $NumericUserIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING);
+
+        $OrganizationName = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING);
+
+        $PrivateDomainName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'numeric'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
+                'printable' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $TerminalIdentifier = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING);
+
+        $NetworkAddress = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING);
+
+        $AdministrationDomainName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            // if class isn't present it's assumed to be \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_UNIVERSAL or
+            // (if constant is present) \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC
+            'class'    => ASN1::CLASS_APPLICATION,
+            'cast'     => 2,
+            'children' => array(
+                'numeric'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
+                'printable' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $CountryName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            // if class isn't present it's assumed to be \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_UNIVERSAL or
+            // (if constant is present) \phpseclib\File\ASN1::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC
+            'class'    => ASN1::CLASS_APPLICATION,
+            'cast'     => 1,
+            'children' => array(
+                'x121-dcc-code'        => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
+                'iso-3166-alpha2-code' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $AnotherName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'type-id' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                 'value'   => array(
+                                  'type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY,
+                                  'constant' => 0,
+                                  'optional' => true,
+                                  'explicit' => true
+                              )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $ExtensionAttribute = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'extension-attribute-type'  => array(
+                                                    'type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                                    'constant' => 0,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                 'extension-attribute-value' => array(
+                                                    'type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY,
+                                                    'constant' => 1,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'explicit' => true
+                                                )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $ExtensionAttributes = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => 256, // ub-extension-attributes
+            'children' => $ExtensionAttribute
+        );
+
+        $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'type'  => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING),
+                 'value' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => 4, // ub-domain-defined-attributes
+            'children' => $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute
+        );
+
+        $BuiltInStandardAttributes =  array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'country-name'               => array('optional' => true) + $CountryName,
+                'administration-domain-name' => array('optional' => true) + $AdministrationDomainName,
+                'network-address'            => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $NetworkAddress,
+                'terminal-identifier'        => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $TerminalIdentifier,
+                'private-domain-name'        => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'explicit' => true
+                                               ) + $PrivateDomainName,
+                'organization-name'          => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 3,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $OrganizationName,
+                'numeric-user-identifier'    => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 4,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $NumericUserIdentifier,
+                'personal-name'              => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 5,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $PersonalName,
+                'organizational-unit-names'  => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 6,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $OrganizationalUnitNames
+            )
+        );
+
+        $ORAddress = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'built-in-standard-attributes'       => $BuiltInStandardAttributes,
+                 'built-in-domain-defined-attributes' => array('optional' => true) + $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes,
+                 'extension-attributes'               => array('optional' => true) + $ExtensionAttributes
+            )
+        );
+
+        $EDIPartyName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'nameAssigner' => array(
+                                    'constant' => 0,
+                                    'optional' => true,
+                                    'implicit' => true
+                                ) + $this->DirectoryString,
+                 // partyName is technically required but \phpseclib\File\ASN1 doesn't currently support non-optional constants and
+                 // setting it to optional gets the job done in any event.
+                 'partyName'    => array(
+                                    'constant' => 1,
+                                    'optional' => true,
+                                    'implicit' => true
+                                ) + $this->DirectoryString
+            )
+        );
+
+        $GeneralName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'otherName'                 => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $AnotherName,
+                'rfc822Name'                => array(
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'dNSName'                   => array(
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'x400Address'               => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 3,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $ORAddress,
+                'directoryName'             => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 4,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'explicit' => true
+                                               ) + $this->Name,
+                'ediPartyName'              => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 5,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $EDIPartyName,
+                'uniformResourceIdentifier' => array(
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 6,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'iPAddress'                 => array(
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 7,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'registeredID'              => array(
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
+                                                 'constant' => 8,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $GeneralNames = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $GeneralName
+        );
+
+        $this->IssuerAltName = $GeneralNames;
+
+        $ReasonFlags = array(
+            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
+            'mapping' => array(
+                'unused',
+                'keyCompromise',
+                'cACompromise',
+                'affiliationChanged',
+                'superseded',
+                'cessationOfOperation',
+                'certificateHold',
+                'privilegeWithdrawn',
+                'aACompromise'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $DistributionPointName = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'fullName'                => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralNames,
+                'nameRelativeToCRLIssuer' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $this->RelativeDistinguishedName
+            )
+        );
+
+        $DistributionPoint = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'distributionPoint' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'explicit' => true
+                                       ) + $DistributionPointName,
+                'reasons'           => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $ReasonFlags,
+                'cRLIssuer'         => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralNames
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CRLDistributionPoints = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $DistributionPoint
+        );
+
+        $this->AuthorityKeyIdentifier = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'keyIdentifier'             => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $this->KeyIdentifier,
+                'authorityCertIssuer'       => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $GeneralNames,
+                'authorityCertSerialNumber' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $CertificateSerialNumber
+            )
+        );
+
+        $PolicyQualifierId = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $PolicyQualifierInfo = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'policyQualifierId' => $PolicyQualifierId,
+                'qualifier'         => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $CertPolicyId = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $PolicyInformation = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'policyIdentifier' => $CertPolicyId,
+                'policyQualifiers' => array(
+                                          'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                                          'min'      => 0,
+                                          'max'      => -1,
+                                          'optional' => true,
+                                          'children' => $PolicyQualifierInfo
+                                      )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CertificatePolicies = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $PolicyInformation
+        );
+
+        $this->PolicyMappings = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => array(
+                              'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                              'children' => array(
+                                  'issuerDomainPolicy' => $CertPolicyId,
+                                  'subjectDomainPolicy' => $CertPolicyId
+                              )
+                       )
+        );
+
+        $KeyPurposeId = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $this->ExtKeyUsageSyntax = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $KeyPurposeId
+        );
+
+        $AccessDescription = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'accessMethod'   => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                'accessLocation' => $GeneralName
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $AccessDescription
+        );
+
+        $this->SubjectAltName = $GeneralNames;
+
+        $this->PrivateKeyUsagePeriod = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'notBefore' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true,
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME),
+                'notAfter'  => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true,
+                                                 'type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $BaseDistance = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER);
+
+        $GeneralSubtree = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'base'    => $GeneralName,
+                'minimum' => array(
+                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                 'optional' => true,
+                                 'implicit' => true,
+                                 'default' => new BigInteger(0)
+                             ) + $BaseDistance,
+                'maximum' => array(
+                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                 'optional' => true,
+                                 'implicit' => true,
+                             ) + $BaseDistance
+            )
+        );
+
+        $GeneralSubtrees = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $GeneralSubtree
+        );
+
+        $this->NameConstraints = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'permittedSubtrees' => array(
+                                           'constant' => 0,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralSubtrees,
+                'excludedSubtrees'  => array(
+                                           'constant' => 1,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralSubtrees
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CPSuri = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+
+        $DisplayText = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'ia5String'     => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING),
+                'visibleString' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING),
+                'bmpString'     => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BMP_STRING),
+                'utf8String'    => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $NoticeReference = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'organization'  => $DisplayText,
+                'noticeNumbers' => array(
+                                       'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                                       'min'      => 1,
+                                       'max'      => 200,
+                                       'children' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER)
+                                   )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->UserNotice = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'noticeRef' => array(
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $NoticeReference,
+                'explicitText'  => array(
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $DisplayText
+            )
+        );
+
+        // mapping is from <http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/tech-notes/tn3.html>
+        $this->netscape_cert_type = array(
+            'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
+            'mapping' => array(
+                'SSLClient',
+                'SSLServer',
+                'Email',
+                'ObjectSigning',
+                'Reserved',
+                'SSLCA',
+                'EmailCA',
+                'ObjectSigningCA'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->netscape_comment = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+        $this->netscape_ca_policy_url = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+
+        // attribute is used in RFC2986 but we're using the RFC5280 definition
+
+        $Attribute = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'type' => $AttributeType,
+                'value'=> array(
+                              'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
+                              'min'      => 1,
+                              'max'      => -1,
+                              'children' => $this->AttributeValue
+                          )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->SubjectDirectoryAttributes = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $Attribute
+        );
+
+        // adapted from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2986>
+
+        $Attributes = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $Attribute
+        );
+
+        $CertificationRequestInfo = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'version'       => array(
+                                       'type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER,
+                                       'mapping' => array('v1')
+                                   ),
+                'subject'       => $this->Name,
+                'subjectPKInfo' => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+                'attributes'    => array(
+                                       'constant' => 0,
+                                       'optional' => true,
+                                       'implicit' => true
+                                   ) + $Attributes,
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CertificationRequest = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'certificationRequestInfo' => $CertificationRequestInfo,
+                'signatureAlgorithm'       => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'signature'                => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $RevokedCertificate = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                              'userCertificate'    => $CertificateSerialNumber,
+                              'revocationDate'     => $Time,
+                              'crlEntryExtensions' => array(
+                                                          'optional' => true
+                                                      ) + $this->Extensions
+                          )
+        );
+
+        $TBSCertList = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'version'             => array(
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'default'  => 'v1'
+                                         ) + $Version,
+                'signature'           => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'issuer'              => $this->Name,
+                'thisUpdate'          => $Time,
+                'nextUpdate'          => array(
+                                             'optional' => true
+                                         ) + $Time,
+                'revokedCertificates' => array(
+                                             'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'min'      => 0,
+                                             'max'      => -1,
+                                             'children' => $RevokedCertificate
+                                         ),
+                'crlExtensions'       => array(
+                                             'constant' => 0,
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'explicit' => true
+                                         ) + $this->Extensions
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CertificateList = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'tbsCertList'        => $TBSCertList,
+                'signatureAlgorithm' => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'signature'          => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CRLNumber = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER);
+
+        $this->CRLReason = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_ENUMERATED,
+           'mapping' => array(
+                            'unspecified',
+                            'keyCompromise',
+                            'cACompromise',
+                            'affiliationChanged',
+                            'superseded',
+                            'cessationOfOperation',
+                            'certificateHold',
+                            // Value 7 is not used.
+                            8 => 'removeFromCRL',
+                            'privilegeWithdrawn',
+                            'aACompromise'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->IssuingDistributionPoint = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'distributionPoint'          => array(
+                                                    'constant' => 0,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'explicit' => true
+                                                ) + $DistributionPointName,
+                'onlyContainsUserCerts'      => array(
+                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 1,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                'onlyContainsCACerts'        => array(
+                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 2,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                'onlySomeReasons'           => array(
+                                                    'constant' => 3,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ) + $ReasonFlags,
+                'indirectCRL'               => array(
+                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 4,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                'onlyContainsAttributeCerts' => array(
+                                                    'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 5,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                )
+                          )
+        );
+
+        $this->InvalidityDate = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME);
+
+        $this->CertificateIssuer = $GeneralNames;
+
+        $this->HoldInstructionCode = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $PublicKeyAndChallenge = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'spki'      => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+                'challenge' => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'publicKeyAndChallenge' => $PublicKeyAndChallenge,
+                'signatureAlgorithm'    => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'signature'             => array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->PostalAddress = array(
+            'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'optional' => true,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $this->DirectoryString
+        );
+
+        // OIDs from RFC5280 and those RFCs mentioned in RFC5280#section-4.1.1.2
+        $this->oids = array(
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7' => 'id-pkix',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1' => 'id-pe',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2' => 'id-qt',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3' => 'id-kp',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48' => 'id-ad',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1' => 'id-qt-cps',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2' => 'id-qt-unotice',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1' =>'id-ad-ocsp',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2' => 'id-ad-caIssuers',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.3' => 'id-ad-timeStamping',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.5' => 'id-ad-caRepository',
+            '2.5.4' => 'id-at',
+            '2.5.4.41' => 'id-at-name',
+            '2.5.4.4' => 'id-at-surname',
+            '2.5.4.42' => 'id-at-givenName',
+            '2.5.4.43' => 'id-at-initials',
+            '2.5.4.44' => 'id-at-generationQualifier',
+            '2.5.4.3' => 'id-at-commonName',
+            '2.5.4.7' => 'id-at-localityName',
+            '2.5.4.8' => 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName',
+            '2.5.4.10' => 'id-at-organizationName',
+            '2.5.4.11' => 'id-at-organizationalUnitName',
+            '2.5.4.12' => 'id-at-title',
+            '2.5.4.13' => 'id-at-description',
+            '2.5.4.46' => 'id-at-dnQualifier',
+            '2.5.4.6' => 'id-at-countryName',
+            '2.5.4.5' => 'id-at-serialNumber',
+            '2.5.4.65' => 'id-at-pseudonym',
+            '2.5.4.17' => 'id-at-postalCode',
+            '2.5.4.9' => 'id-at-streetAddress',
+            '2.5.4.45' => 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier',
+            '2.5.4.72' => 'id-at-role',
+            '2.5.4.16' => 'id-at-postalAddress',
+
+            '0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.25' => 'id-domainComponent',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9' => 'pkcs-9',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.1' => 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress',
+            '2.5.29' => 'id-ce',
+            '2.5.29.35' => 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier',
+            '2.5.29.14' => 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier',
+            '2.5.29.15' => 'id-ce-keyUsage',
+            '2.5.29.16' => 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod',
+            '2.5.29.32' => 'id-ce-certificatePolicies',
+            '2.5.29.32.0' => 'anyPolicy',
+
+            '2.5.29.33' => 'id-ce-policyMappings',
+            '2.5.29.17' => 'id-ce-subjectAltName',
+            '2.5.29.18' => 'id-ce-issuerAltName',
+            '2.5.29.9' => 'id-ce-subjectDirectoryAttributes',
+            '2.5.29.19' => 'id-ce-basicConstraints',
+            '2.5.29.30' => 'id-ce-nameConstraints',
+            '2.5.29.36' => 'id-ce-policyConstraints',
+            '2.5.29.31' => 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints',
+            '2.5.29.37' => 'id-ce-extKeyUsage',
+            '2.5.29.37.0' => 'anyExtendedKeyUsage',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1' => 'id-kp-serverAuth',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2' => 'id-kp-clientAuth',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3' => 'id-kp-codeSigning',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4' => 'id-kp-emailProtection',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8' => 'id-kp-timeStamping',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9' => 'id-kp-OCSPSigning',
+            '2.5.29.54' => 'id-ce-inhibitAnyPolicy',
+            '2.5.29.46' => 'id-ce-freshestCRL',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1' => 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11' => 'id-pe-subjectInfoAccess',
+            '2.5.29.20' => 'id-ce-cRLNumber',
+            '2.5.29.28' => 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint',
+            '2.5.29.27' => 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator',
+            '2.5.29.21' => 'id-ce-cRLReasons',
+            '2.5.29.29' => 'id-ce-certificateIssuer',
+            '2.5.29.23' => 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2' => 'holdInstruction',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2.1' => 'id-holdinstruction-none',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2.2' => 'id-holdinstruction-callissuer',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2.3' => 'id-holdinstruction-reject',
+            '2.5.29.24' => 'id-ce-invalidityDate',
+
+            '1.2.840.113549.2.2' => 'md2',
+            '1.2.840.113549.2.5' => 'md5',
+            '1.3.14.3.2.26' => 'id-sha1',
+            '1.2.840.10040.4.1' => 'id-dsa',
+            '1.2.840.10040.4.3' => 'id-dsa-with-sha1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1' => 'pkcs-1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.1' => 'rsaEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.2' => 'md2WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.4' => 'md5WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.5' => 'sha1WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.10046.2.1' => 'dhpublicnumber',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.2.1.1.22' => 'id-keyExchangeAlgorithm',
+            '1.2.840.10045' => 'ansi-X9-62',
+            '1.2.840.10045.4' => 'id-ecSigType',
+            '1.2.840.10045.4.1' => 'ecdsa-with-SHA1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1' => 'id-fieldType',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.1' => 'prime-field',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2' => 'characteristic-two-field',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3' => 'id-characteristic-two-basis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.1' => 'gnBasis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.2' => 'tpBasis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.3' => 'ppBasis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.2' => 'id-publicKeyType',
+            '1.2.840.10045.2.1' => 'id-ecPublicKey',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3' => 'ellipticCurve',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0' => 'c-TwoCurve',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.1' => 'c2pnb163v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.2' => 'c2pnb163v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.3' => 'c2pnb163v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.4' => 'c2pnb176w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.5' => 'c2pnb191v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.6' => 'c2pnb191v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.7' => 'c2pnb191v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.8' => 'c2pnb191v4',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.9' => 'c2pnb191v5',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.10' => 'c2pnb208w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.11' => 'c2pnb239v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.12' => 'c2pnb239v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.13' => 'c2pnb239v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.14' => 'c2pnb239v4',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.15' => 'c2pnb239v5',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.16' => 'c2pnb272w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.17' => 'c2pnb304w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.18' => 'c2pnb359v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.19' => 'c2pnb368w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.20' => 'c2pnb431r1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1' => 'primeCurve',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.1' => 'prime192v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.2' => 'prime192v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.3' => 'prime192v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.4' => 'prime239v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.5' => 'prime239v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.6' => 'prime239v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.7' => 'prime256v1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.7' => 'id-RSAES-OAEP',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.9' => 'id-pSpecified',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.10' => 'id-RSASSA-PSS',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.8' => 'id-mgf1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.14' => 'sha224WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.11' => 'sha256WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.12' => 'sha384WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.13' => 'sha512WithRSAEncryption',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.4' => 'id-sha224',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1' => 'id-sha256',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2' => 'id-sha384',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3' => 'id-sha512',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.4' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.3' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.20' => 'id-GostR3410-2001',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.19' => 'id-GostR3410-94',
+            // Netscape Object Identifiers from "Netscape Certificate Extensions"
+            '2.16.840.1.113730' => 'netscape',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1' => 'netscape-cert-extension',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.1' => 'netscape-cert-type',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.13' => 'netscape-comment',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.8' => 'netscape-ca-policy-url',
+            // the following are X.509 extensions not supported by phpseclib
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.12' => 'id-pe-logotype',
+            '1.2.840.113533.7.65.0' => 'entrustVersInfo',
+            '2.16.840.1.113733.1.6.9' => 'verisignPrivate',
+            // for Certificate Signing Requests
+            // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2985
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.2' => 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName', // PKCS #9 unstructured name
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.7' => 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword', // Challenge password for certificate revocations
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.14' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest' // Certificate extension request
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load X.509 certificate
+     *
+     * Returns an associative array describing the X.509 cert or a false if the cert failed to load
+     *
+     * @param string $cert
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function loadX509($cert, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
+    {
+        if (is_array($cert) && isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            unset($this->currentCert);
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+            $this->dn = $cert['tbsCertificate']['subject'];
+            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->currentCert = $cert;
+
+            $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
+            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : null;
+
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+
+            return $cert;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+
+        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
+            $newcert = $this->_extractBER($cert);
+            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $cert == $newcert) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $cert = $newcert;
+        }
+
+        if ($cert === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($cert);
+
+        if (!empty($decoded)) {
+            $x509 = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->Certificate);
+        }
+        if (!isset($x509) || $x509 === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($cert, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $this->_mapInExtensions($x509, 'tbsCertificate/extensions', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapInDNs($x509, 'tbsCertificate/issuer/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapInDNs($x509, 'tbsCertificate/subject/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+
+        $key = &$x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
+        $key = $this->_reformatKey($x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'], $key);
+
+        $this->currentCert = $x509;
+        $this->dn = $x509['tbsCertificate']['subject'];
+
+        $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : null;
+
+        return $x509;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save X.509 certificate
+     *
+     * @param array $cert
+     * @param int $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function saveX509($cert, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($cert) || !isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            // "case !$a: case !$b: break; default: whatever();" is the same thing as "if ($a && $b) whatever()"
+            case !($algorithm = $this->_subArray($cert, 'tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
+            case is_object($cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch ($algorithm) {
+                    case 'rsaEncryption':
+                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']
+                            = Base64::encode("\0" . Base64::decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
+                        /* "[For RSA keys] the parameters field MUST have ASN.1 type NULL for this algorithm identifier."
+                           -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3279#section-2.3.1
+
+                           given that and the fact that RSA keys appear ot be the only key type for which the parameters field can be blank,
+                           it seems like perhaps the ASN.1 description ought not say the parameters field is OPTIONAL, but whatever.
+                         */
+                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = null;
+                        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3279#section-2.2.1
+                        $cert['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = null;
+                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['signature']['parameters'] = null;
+                }
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+
+        $filters = array();
+        $type_utf8_string = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['authorityCertIssuer']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        //$filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['distributionPoint']['fullName']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
+        $filters['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = $type_utf8_string;
+
+        /* in the case of policyQualifiers/qualifier, the type has to be \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING.
+           \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING will cause OpenSSL's X.509 parser to spit out random
+           characters.
+         */
+        $filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier']
+            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+
+        $this->_mapOutExtensions($cert, 'tbsCertificate/extensions', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapOutDNs($cert, 'tbsCertificate/issuer/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapOutDNs($cert, 'tbsCertificate/subject/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+
+        $cert = $asn1->encodeDER($cert, $this->Certificate);
+
+        switch ($format) {
+            case self::FORMAT_DER:
+                return $cert;
+            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
+            default:
+                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n" . chunk_split(Base64::encode($cert), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE-----';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map extension values from octet string to extension-specific internal
+     *   format.
+     *
+     * @param array ref $root
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapInExtensions(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($extensions)) {
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($extensions); $i++) {
+                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
+                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];
+                $value = Base64::decode($value);
+                $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($value);
+                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                    $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map, array('iPAddress' => array($this, '_decodeIP')));
+                    $value = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;
+
+                    if ($id == 'id-ce-certificatePolicies') {
+                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
+                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
+                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
+                                $map = $this->_getMapping($subid);
+                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
+                                if ($map !== false) {
+                                    $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($subvalue);
+                                    $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
+                                    $subvalue = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $value = Base64::encode($value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map extension values from extension-specific internal format to
+     *   octet string.
+     *
+     * @param array ref $root
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapOutExtensions(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($extensions)) {
+            $size = count($extensions);
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+                if ($extensions[$i] instanceof Element) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
+                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];
+
+                switch ($id) {
+                    case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
+                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
+                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
+                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
+                                $map = $this->_getMapping($subid);
+                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
+                                if ($map !== false) {
+                                    // by default \phpseclib\File\ASN1 will try to render qualifier as a \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING since it's
+                                    // actual type is \phpseclib\File\ASN1::TYPE_ANY
+                                    $subvalue = new Element($asn1->encodeDER($subvalue, $map));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier': // use 00 as the serial number instead of an empty string
+                        if (isset($value['authorityCertSerialNumber'])) {
+                            if ($value['authorityCertSerialNumber']->toBytes() == '') {
+                                $temp = chr((ASN1::CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 2) . "\1\0";
+                                $value['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = new Element($temp);
+                            }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if (is_bool($map)) {
+                    if (!$map) {
+                        //user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported extension');
+                        unset($extensions[$i]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $temp = $asn1->encodeDER($value, $map, array('iPAddress' => array($this, '_encodeIP')));
+                    $value = Base64::encode($temp);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map attribute values from ANY type to attribute-specific internal
+     *   format.
+     *
+     * @param array ref $root
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapInAttributes(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($attributes)) {
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($attributes); $i++) {
+                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
+                /* $value contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
+                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
+                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
+                        $value = $asn1->encodeDER($values[$j], $this->AttributeValue);
+                        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($value);
+                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                            $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
+                            if ($mapped !== false) {
+                                $values[$j] = $mapped;
+                            }
+                            if ($id == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest') {
+                                $this->_mapInExtensions($values, $j, $asn1);
+                            }
+                        } elseif ($map) {
+                            $values[$j] = Base64::encode($value);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map attribute values from attribute-specific internal format to
+     *   ANY type.
+     *
+     * @param array ref $root
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapOutAttributes(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($attributes)) {
+            $size = count($attributes);
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+                /* [value] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
+                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if ($map === false) {
+                    //user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported attribute', E_USER_NOTICE);
+                    unset($attributes[$i]);
+                } elseif (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
+                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
+                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
+                        switch ($id) {
+                            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
+                                $this->_mapOutExtensions($values, $j, $asn1);
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                            $temp = $asn1->encodeDER($values[$j], $map);
+                            $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($temp);
+                            $values[$j] = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->AttributeValue);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map DN values from ANY type to DN-specific internal
+     *   format.
+     *
+     * @param array ref $root
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapInDNs(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $dns = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($dns)) {
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($dns); $i++) {
+                for ($j = 0; $j < count($dns[$i]); $j++) {
+                    $type = $dns[$i][$j]['type'];
+                    $value = &$dns[$i][$j]['value'];
+                    if (is_object($value) && $value instanceof Element) {
+                        $map = $this->_getMapping($type);
+                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                            $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($value);
+                            $value = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map DN values from DN-specific internal format to
+     *   ANY type.
+     *
+     * @param array ref $root
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapOutDNs(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $dns = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($dns)) {
+            $size = count($dns);
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+                for ($j = 0; $j < count($dns[$i]); $j++) {
+                    $type = $dns[$i][$j]['type'];
+                    $value = &$dns[$i][$j]['value'];
+                    if (is_object($value) && $value instanceof Element) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $map = $this->_getMapping($type);
+                    if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                        $value = new Element($asn1->encodeDER($value, $map));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Associate an extension ID to an extension mapping
+     *
+     * @param string $extnId
+     * @access private
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function _getMapping($extnId)
+    {
+        if (!is_string($extnId)) { // eg. if it's a \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element object
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        switch ($extnId) {
+            case 'id-ce-keyUsage':
+                return $this->KeyUsage;
+            case 'id-ce-basicConstraints':
+                return $this->BasicConstraints;
+            case 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier':
+                return $this->KeyIdentifier;
+            case 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints':
+                return $this->CRLDistributionPoints;
+            case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier':
+                return $this->AuthorityKeyIdentifier;
+            case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
+                return $this->CertificatePolicies;
+            case 'id-ce-extKeyUsage':
+                return $this->ExtKeyUsageSyntax;
+            case 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess':
+                return $this->AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax;
+            case 'id-ce-subjectAltName':
+                return $this->SubjectAltName;
+            case 'id-ce-subjectDirectoryAttributes':
+                return $this->SubjectDirectoryAttributes;
+            case 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod':
+                return $this->PrivateKeyUsagePeriod;
+            case 'id-ce-issuerAltName':
+                return $this->IssuerAltName;
+            case 'id-ce-policyMappings':
+                return $this->PolicyMappings;
+            case 'id-ce-nameConstraints':
+                return $this->NameConstraints;
+
+            case 'netscape-cert-type':
+                return $this->netscape_cert_type;
+            case 'netscape-comment':
+                return $this->netscape_comment;
+            case 'netscape-ca-policy-url':
+                return $this->netscape_ca_policy_url;
+
+            // since id-qt-cps isn't a constructed type it will have already been decoded as a string by the time it gets
+            // back around to asn1map() and we don't want it decoded again.
+            //case 'id-qt-cps':
+            //    return $this->CPSuri;
+            case 'id-qt-unotice':
+                return $this->UserNotice;
+
+            // the following OIDs are unsupported but we don't want them to give notices when calling saveX509().
+            case 'id-pe-logotype': // http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3709.txt
+            case 'entrustVersInfo':
+            // http://support.microsoft.com/kb/287547
+            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2': // szOID_ENROLL_CERTTYPE_EXTENSION
+            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.1': // szOID_CERTSRV_CA_VERSION
+            // "SET Secure Electronic Transaction Specification"
+            // http://www.maithean.com/docs/set_bk3.pdf
+            case '2.23.42.7.0': // id-set-hashedRootKey
+                return true;
+
+            // CSR attributes
+            case 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName':
+                return $this->PKCS9String;
+            case 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword':
+                return $this->DirectoryString;
+            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
+                return $this->Extensions;
+
+            // CRL extensions.
+            case 'id-ce-cRLNumber':
+                return $this->CRLNumber;
+            case 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator':
+                return $this->CRLNumber;
+            case 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint':
+                return $this->IssuingDistributionPoint;
+            case 'id-ce-freshestCRL':
+                return $this->CRLDistributionPoints;
+            case 'id-ce-cRLReasons':
+                return $this->CRLReason;
+            case 'id-ce-invalidityDate':
+                return $this->InvalidityDate;
+            case 'id-ce-certificateIssuer':
+                return $this->CertificateIssuer;
+            case 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode':
+                return $this->HoldInstructionCode;
+            case 'id-at-postalAddress':
+                return $this->PostalAddress;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load an X.509 certificate as a certificate authority
+     *
+     * @param string $cert
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function loadCA($cert)
+    {
+        $olddn = $this->dn;
+        $oldcert = $this->currentCert;
+        $oldsigsubj = $this->signatureSubject;
+        $oldkeyid = $this->currentKeyIdentifier;
+
+        $cert = $this->loadX509($cert);
+        if (!$cert) {
+            $this->dn = $olddn;
+            $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
+            $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;
+            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = $oldkeyid;
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":
+
+           If the keyUsage extension is present, then the subject public key
+           MUST NOT be used to verify signatures on certificates or CRLs unless
+           the corresponding keyCertSign or cRLSign bit is set. */
+        //$keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
+        //if ($keyUsage && !in_array('keyCertSign', $keyUsage)) {
+        //    return false;
+        //}
+
+        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":
+
+           The cA boolean indicates whether the certified public key may be used
+           to verify certificate signatures.  If the cA boolean is not asserted,
+           then the keyCertSign bit in the key usage extension MUST NOT be
+           asserted.  If the basic constraints extension is not present in a
+           version 3 certificate, or the extension is present but the cA boolean
+           is not asserted, then the certified public key MUST NOT be used to
+           verify certificate signatures. */
+        //$basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
+        //if (!$basicConstraints || !$basicConstraints['cA']) {
+        //    return false;
+        //}
+
+        $this->CAs[] = $cert;
+
+        $this->dn = $olddn;
+        $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate an X.509 certificate against a URL
+     *
+     * From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
+     *
+     * Matching is performed using the matching rules specified by
+     * [RFC2459].  If more than one identity of a given type is present in
+     * the certificate (e.g., more than one dNSName name, a match in any one
+     * of the set is considered acceptable.) Names may contain the wildcard
+     * character * which is considered to match any single domain name
+     * component or component fragment. E.g., *.a.com matches foo.a.com but
+     * not bar.foo.a.com. f*.com matches foo.com but not bar.com.
+     *
+     * @param string $url
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function validateURL($url)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $components = parse_url($url);
+        if (!isset($components['host'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($names = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName')) {
+            foreach ($names as $key => $value) {
+                $value = str_replace(array('.', '*'), array('\.', '[^.]*'), $value);
+                switch ($key) {
+                    case 'dNSName':
+                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
+
+                           If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST
+                           be used as the identity. Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name
+                           field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used. Although
+                           the use of the Common Name is existing practice, it is deprecated and
+                           Certification Authorities are encouraged to use the dNSName instead. */
+                        if (preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 'iPAddress':
+                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
+
+                           In some cases, the URI is specified as an IP address rather than a
+                           hostname. In this case, the iPAddress subjectAltName must be present
+                           in the certificate and must exactly match the IP in the URI. */
+                        if (preg_match('#(?:\d{1-3}\.){4}#', $components['host'] . '.') && preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($value = $this->getDNProp('id-at-commonName')) {
+            $value = str_replace(array('.', '*'), array('\.', '[^.]*'), $value[0]);
+            return preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host']);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate a date
+     *
+     * If $date isn't defined it is assumed to be the current date.
+     *
+     * @param int $date optional
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function validateDate($date = null)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($date)) {
+            $date = time();
+        }
+
+        $notBefore = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore'];
+        $notBefore = isset($notBefore['generalTime']) ? $notBefore['generalTime'] : $notBefore['utcTime'];
+
+        $notAfter = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter'];
+        $notAfter = isset($notAfter['generalTime']) ? $notAfter['generalTime'] : $notAfter['utcTime'];
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case $date < @strtotime($notBefore):
+            case $date > @strtotime($notAfter):
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate a signature
+     *
+     * Works on X.509 certs, CSR's and CRL's.
+     * Returns true if the signature is verified, false if it is not correct or null on error
+     *
+     * By default returns false for self-signed certs. Call validateSignature(false) to make this support
+     * self-signed.
+     *
+     * The behavior of this function is inspired by {@link http://php.net/openssl-verify openssl_verify}.
+     *
+     * @param bool $caonly optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function validateSignature($caonly = true)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->signatureSubject)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /* TODO:
+           "emailAddress attribute values are not case-sensitive (e.g., "subscriber@example.com" is the same as "SUBSCRIBER@EXAMPLE.COM")."
+            -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.6
+
+           implement pathLenConstraint in the id-ce-basicConstraints extension */
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                // self-signed cert
+                switch (true) {
+                    case !defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']:
+                    case defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->getIssuerDN(self::DN_STRING) === $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING):
+                        $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+                        $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
+                        switch (true) {
+                            case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                            case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                                $signingCert = $this->currentCert; // working cert
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
+                        // even if the cert is a self-signed one we still want to see if it's a CA;
+                        // if not, we'll conditionally return an error
+                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
+                        switch (true) {
+                            case !defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']:
+                            case defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer']) === $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']):
+                                $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+                                $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
+                                switch (true) {
+                                    case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                                    case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                                        $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
+                                        break 3;
+                                }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (count($this->CAs) == $i && $caonly) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                } elseif (!isset($signingCert) || $caonly) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(Base64::decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(Base64::decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            case isset($this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']):
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(Base64::decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
+                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
+                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
+                        switch (true) {
+                            case !defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']:
+                            case defined('FILE_X509_IGNORE_TYPE') && $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer']) === $this->getDN(self::DN_STRING, $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']):
+                                $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+                                $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
+                                switch (true) {
+                                    case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                                    case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                                        $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
+                                        break 3;
+                                }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!isset($signingCert)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(Base64::decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates a signature
+     *
+     * Returns true if the signature is verified and false if it is not correct.
+     * If the algorithms are unsupposed an exception is thrown.
+     *
+     * @param string $publicKeyAlgorithm
+     * @param string $publicKey
+     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm
+     * @param string $signature
+     * @param string $signatureSubject
+     * @access private
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException if the algorithm is unsupported
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function _validateSignature($publicKeyAlgorithm, $publicKey, $signatureAlgorithm, $signature, $signatureSubject)
+    {
+        switch ($publicKeyAlgorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                $rsa = new RSA();
+                $rsa->load($publicKey);
+
+                switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
+                    case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
+                        $rsa->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));
+                        if (!@$rsa->verify($signatureSubject, $signature, RSA::PADDING_PKCS1)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Signature algorithm unsupported');
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Public key algorithm unsupported');
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reformat public keys
+     *
+     * Reformats a public key to a format supported by phpseclib (if applicable)
+     *
+     * @param string $algorithm
+     * @param string $key
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _reformatKey($algorithm, $key)
+    {
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                return
+                    "-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
+                    // subjectPublicKey is stored as a bit string in X.509 certs.  the first byte of a bit string represents how many bits
+                    // in the last byte should be ignored.  the following only supports non-zero stuff but as none of the X.509 certs Firefox
+                    // uses as a cert authority actually use a non-zero bit I think it's safe to assume that none do.
+                    chunk_split(Base64::encode(substr(Base64::decode($key), 1)), 64) .
+                    '-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----';
+            default:
+                return $key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes an IP address
+     *
+     * Takes in a base64 encoded "blob" and returns a human readable IP address
+     *
+     * @param string $ip
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _decodeIP($ip)
+    {
+        return inet_ntop(Base64::decode($ip));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encodes an IP address
+     *
+     * Takes a human readable IP address into a base64-encoded "blob"
+     *
+     * @param string $ip
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _encodeIP($ip)
+    {
+        return Base64::encode(inet_pton($ip));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * "Normalizes" a Distinguished Name property
+     *
+     * @param string $propName
+     * @access private
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function _translateDNProp($propName)
+    {
+        switch (strtolower($propName)) {
+            case 'id-at-countryname':
+            case 'countryname':
+            case 'c':
+                return 'id-at-countryName';
+            case 'id-at-organizationname':
+            case 'organizationname':
+            case 'o':
+                return 'id-at-organizationName';
+            case 'id-at-dnqualifier':
+            case 'dnqualifier':
+                return 'id-at-dnQualifier';
+            case 'id-at-commonname':
+            case 'commonname':
+            case 'cn':
+                return 'id-at-commonName';
+            case 'id-at-stateorprovincename':
+            case 'stateorprovincename':
+            case 'state':
+            case 'province':
+            case 'provincename':
+            case 'st':
+                return 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName';
+            case 'id-at-localityname':
+            case 'localityname':
+            case 'l':
+                return 'id-at-localityName';
+            case 'id-emailaddress':
+            case 'emailaddress':
+                return 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress';
+            case 'id-at-serialnumber':
+            case 'serialnumber':
+                return 'id-at-serialNumber';
+            case 'id-at-postalcode':
+            case 'postalcode':
+                return 'id-at-postalCode';
+            case 'id-at-streetaddress':
+            case 'streetaddress':
+                return 'id-at-streetAddress';
+            case 'id-at-name':
+            case 'name':
+                return 'id-at-name';
+            case 'id-at-givenname':
+            case 'givenname':
+                return 'id-at-givenName';
+            case 'id-at-surname':
+            case 'surname':
+            case 'sn':
+                return 'id-at-surname';
+            case 'id-at-initials':
+            case 'initials':
+                return 'id-at-initials';
+            case 'id-at-generationqualifier':
+            case 'generationqualifier':
+                return 'id-at-generationQualifier';
+            case 'id-at-organizationalunitname':
+            case 'organizationalunitname':
+            case 'ou':
+                return 'id-at-organizationalUnitName';
+            case 'id-at-pseudonym':
+            case 'pseudonym':
+                return 'id-at-pseudonym';
+            case 'id-at-title':
+            case 'title':
+                return 'id-at-title';
+            case 'id-at-description':
+            case 'description':
+                return 'id-at-description';
+            case 'id-at-role':
+            case 'role':
+                return 'id-at-role';
+            case 'id-at-uniqueidentifier':
+            case 'uniqueidentifier':
+            case 'x500uniqueidentifier':
+                return 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier';
+            case 'postaladdress':
+            case 'id-at-postaladdress':
+                return 'id-at-postalAddress';
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a Distinguished Name property
+     *
+     * @param string $propName
+     * @param mixed $propValue
+     * @param string $type optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function setDNProp($propName, $propValue, $type = 'utf8String')
+    {
+        if (empty($this->dn)) {
+            $this->dn = array('rdnSequence' => array());
+        }
+
+        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ((array) $propValue as $v) {
+            if (!is_array($v) && isset($type)) {
+                $v = array($type => $v);
+            }
+            $this->dn['rdnSequence'][] = array(
+                array(
+                    'type' => $propName,
+                    'value'=> $v
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove Distinguished Name properties
+     *
+     * @param string $propName
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function removeDNProp($propName)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->dn)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $dn = &$this->dn['rdnSequence'];
+        $size = count($dn);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
+                unset($dn[$i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $dn = array_values($dn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get Distinguished Name properties
+     *
+     * @param string $propName
+     * @param array $dn optional
+     * @param bool $withType optional
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getDNProp($propName, $dn = null, $withType = false)
+    {
+        if (!isset($dn)) {
+            $dn = $this->dn;
+        }
+
+        if (empty($dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $filters = array();
+        $filters['value'] = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+        $this->_mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence', $asn1);
+        $dn = $dn['rdnSequence'];
+        $result = array();
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($dn); $i++) {
+            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
+                $v = $dn[$i][0]['value'];
+                if (!$withType) {
+                    if (is_array($v)) {
+                        foreach ($v as $type => $s) {
+                            $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
+                            if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
+                                $s = $asn1->convert($s, $type);
+                                if ($s !== false) {
+                                    $v = $s;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (is_array($v)) {
+                            $v = array_pop($v); // Always strip data type.
+                        }
+                    } elseif (is_object($v) && $v instanceof Element) {
+                        $map = $this->_getMapping($propName);
+                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                            $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($v);
+                            $v = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                $result[] = $v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a Distinguished Name
+     *
+     * @param mixed $dn
+     * @param bool $merge optional
+     * @param string $type optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function setDN($dn, $merge = false, $type = 'utf8String')
+    {
+        if (!$merge) {
+            $this->dn = null;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($dn)) {
+            if (isset($dn['rdnSequence'])) {
+                $this->dn = $dn; // No merge here.
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // handles stuff generated by openssl_x509_parse()
+            foreach ($dn as $prop => $value) {
+                if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // handles everything else
+        $results = preg_split('#((?:^|, *|/)(?:C=|O=|OU=|CN=|L=|ST=|SN=|postalCode=|streetAddress=|emailAddress=|serialNumber=|organizationalUnitName=|title=|description=|role=|x500UniqueIdentifier=|postalAddress=))#', $dn, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
+        for ($i = 1; $i < count($results); $i+=2) {
+            $prop = trim($results[$i], ', =/');
+            $value = $results[$i + 1];
+            if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificates subject
+     *
+     * @param mixed $format optional
+     * @param array $dn optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function getDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY, $dn = null)
+    {
+        if (!isset($dn)) {
+            $dn = isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']) ? $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] : $this->dn;
+        }
+
+        switch ((int) $format) {
+            case self::DN_ARRAY:
+                return $dn;
+            case self::DN_ASN1:
+                $asn1 = new ASN1();
+                $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+                $filters = array();
+                $filters['rdnSequence']['value'] = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+                $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+                $this->_mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence', $asn1);
+                return $asn1->encodeDER($dn, $this->Name);
+            case self::DN_CANON:
+                //  No SEQUENCE around RDNs and all string values normalized as
+                // trimmed lowercase UTF-8 with all spacing as one blank.
+                // constructed RDNs will not be canonicalized
+                $asn1 = new ASN1();
+                $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+                $filters = array();
+                $filters['value'] = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+                $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+                $result = '';
+                $this->_mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence', $asn1);
+                foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $rdn) {
+                    foreach ($rdn as $i => $attr) {
+                        $attr = &$rdn[$i];
+                        if (is_array($attr['value'])) {
+                            foreach ($attr['value'] as $type => $v) {
+                                $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
+                                if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
+                                    $v = $asn1->convert($v, $type);
+                                    if ($v !== false) {
+                                        $v = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $v);
+                                        $attr['value'] = strtolower(trim($v));
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    $result .= $asn1->encodeDER($rdn, $this->RelativeDistinguishedName);
+                }
+                return $result;
+            case self::DN_HASH:
+                $dn = $this->getDN(self::DN_CANON, $dn);
+                $hash = new Hash('sha1');
+                $hash = $hash->hash($dn);
+                extract(unpack('Vhash', $hash));
+                return strtolower(Hex::encode(pack('N', $hash)));
+        }
+
+        // Default is to return a string.
+        $start = true;
+        $output = '';
+
+        $result = array();
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $filters = array();
+        $filters['rdnSequence']['value'] = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+        $this->_mapOutDNs($dn, 'rdnSequence', $asn1);
+
+        foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $field) {
+            $prop = $field[0]['type'];
+            $value = $field[0]['value'];
+
+            $delim = ', ';
+            switch ($prop) {
+                case 'id-at-countryName':
+                    $desc = 'C';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName':
+                    $desc = 'ST';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-organizationName':
+                    $desc = 'O';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-organizationalUnitName':
+                    $desc = 'OU';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-commonName':
+                    $desc = 'CN';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-localityName':
+                    $desc = 'L';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-surname':
+                    $desc = 'SN';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier':
+                    $delim = '/';
+                    $desc = 'x500UniqueIdentifier';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-postalAddress':
+                    $delim = '/';
+                    $desc = 'postalAddress';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $delim = '/';
+                    $desc = preg_replace('#.+-([^-]+)$#', '$1', $prop);
+            }
+
+            if (!$start) {
+                $output.= $delim;
+            }
+            if (is_array($value)) {
+                foreach ($value as $type => $v) {
+                    $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
+                    if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
+                        $v = $asn1->convert($v, $type);
+                        if ($v !== false) {
+                            $value = $v;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (is_array($value)) {
+                    $value = array_pop($value); // Always strip data type.
+                }
+            } elseif (is_object($value) && $value instanceof Element) {
+                $callback = create_function('$x', 'return "\x" . bin2hex($x[0]);');
+                $value = strtoupper(preg_replace_callback('#[^\x20-\x7E]#', $callback, $value->element));
+            }
+            $output.= $desc . '=' . $value;
+            $result[$desc] = isset($result[$desc]) ?
+                array_merge((array) $dn[$prop], array($value)) :
+                $value;
+            $start = false;
+        }
+
+        return $format == self::DN_OPENSSL ? $result : $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificate/crl issuer
+     *
+     * @param int $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getIssuerDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer']);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer']);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificate/csr subject
+     * Alias of getDN()
+     *
+     * @param int $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getSubjectDN($format = self::DN_ARRAY)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !empty($this->dn):
+                return $this->getDN($format);
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an individual Distinguished Name property for a certificate/crl issuer
+     *
+     * @param string $propName
+     * @param bool $withType optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getIssuerDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'], $withType);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'], $withType);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an individual Distinguished Name property for a certificate/csr subject
+     *
+     * @param string $propName
+     * @param bool $withType optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getSubjectDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !empty($this->dn):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propName, null, $withType);
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'], $withType);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'], $withType);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the certificate chain for the current cert
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getChain()
+    {
+        $chain = array($this->currentCert);
+
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (empty($this->CAs)) {
+            return $chain;
+        }
+        while (true) {
+            $currentCert = $chain[count($chain) - 1];
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
+                $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
+                if ($currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
+                    $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', $currentCert);
+                    $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
+                    switch (true) {
+                        case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                        case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                            if ($currentCert === $ca) {
+                                break 3;
+                            }
+                            $chain[] = $ca;
+                            break 2;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if ($i == count($this->CAs)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        foreach ($chain as $key => $value) {
+            $chain[$key] = new X509();
+            $chain[$key]->loadX509($value);
+        }
+        return $chain;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set public key
+     *
+     * Key needs to be a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object
+     *
+     * @param object $key
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function setPublicKey($key)
+    {
+        $key->setPublicKey();
+        $this->publicKey = $key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set private key
+     *
+     * Key needs to be a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object
+     *
+     * @param object $key
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setPrivateKey($key)
+    {
+        $this->privateKey = $key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set challenge
+     *
+     * Used for SPKAC CSR's
+     *
+     * @param string $challenge
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setChallenge($challenge)
+    {
+        $this->challenge = $challenge;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the public key
+     *
+     * Returns a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object or a false.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getPublicKey()
+    {
+        if (isset($this->publicKey)) {
+            return $this->publicKey;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert)) {
+            foreach (array('tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo', 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo') as $path) {
+                $keyinfo = $this->_subArray($this->currentCert, $path);
+                if (!empty($keyinfo)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (empty($keyinfo)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $key = $keyinfo['subjectPublicKey'];
+
+        switch ($keyinfo['algorithm']['algorithm']) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                $publicKey = new RSA();
+                $publicKey->load($key);
+                $publicKey->setPublicKey();
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return $publicKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a Certificate Signing Request
+     *
+     * @param string $csr
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function loadCSR($csr, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
+    {
+        if (is_array($csr) && isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+            unset($this->currentCert);
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+            $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];
+            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $this->currentCert = $csr;
+            return $csr;
+        }
+
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2986
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+
+        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
+            $newcsr = $this->_extractBER($csr);
+            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $csr == $newcsr) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $csr = $newcsr;
+        }
+        $orig = $csr;
+
+        if ($csr === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($csr);
+
+        if (empty($decoded)) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $csr = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->CertificationRequest);
+        if (!isset($csr) || $csr === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_mapInAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapInDNs($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subject/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+
+        $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $algorithm = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
+        $key = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
+        $key = $this->_reformatKey($algorithm, $key);
+
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                $this->publicKey = new RSA();
+                $this->publicKey->load($key);
+                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->publicKey = null;
+        }
+
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
+        $this->currentCert = $csr;
+
+        return $csr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save CSR request
+     *
+     * @param array $csr
+     * @param int $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function saveCSR($csr, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($csr) || !isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case !($algorithm = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
+            case is_object($csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch ($algorithm) {
+                    case 'rsaEncryption':
+                        $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']
+                            = Base64::encode("\0" . Base64::decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
+                }
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+
+        $filters = array();
+        $filters['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value']
+            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+
+        $this->_mapOutDNs($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subject/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapOutAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', $asn1);
+        $csr = $asn1->encodeDER($csr, $this->CertificationRequest);
+
+        switch ($format) {
+            case self::FORMAT_DER:
+                return $csr;
+            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
+            default:
+                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----\r\n" . chunk_split(Base64::encode($csr), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a SPKAC CSR
+     *
+     * SPKAC's are produced by the HTML5 keygen element:
+     *
+     * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Element/keygen
+     *
+     * @param string $csr
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function loadSPKAC($spkac)
+    {
+        if (is_array($spkac) && isset($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
+            unset($this->currentCert);
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+            $this->currentCert = $spkac;
+            return $spkac;
+        }
+
+        // see http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/forms.html#signedpublickeyandchallenge
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+
+        // OpenSSL produces SPKAC's that are preceeded by the string SPKAC=
+        $temp = preg_replace('#(?:SPKAC=)|[ \r\n\\\]#', '', $spkac);
+        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? Base64::decode($temp) : false;
+        if ($temp != false) {
+            $spkac = $temp;
+        }
+        $orig = $spkac;
+
+        if ($spkac === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($spkac);
+
+        if (empty($decoded)) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $spkac = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge);
+
+        if (!isset($spkac) || $spkac === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $algorithm = &$spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
+        $key = &$spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'];
+        $key = $this->_reformatKey($algorithm, $key);
+
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                $this->publicKey = new RSA();
+                $this->publicKey->load($key);
+                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->publicKey = null;
+        }
+
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
+        $this->currentCert = $spkac;
+
+        return $spkac;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save a SPKAC CSR request
+     *
+     * @param array $csr
+     * @param int $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function saveSPKAC($spkac, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($spkac) || !isset($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $algorithm = $this->_subArray($spkac, 'publicKeyAndChallenge/spki/algorithm/algorithm');
+        switch (true) {
+            case !$algorithm:
+            case is_object($spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch ($algorithm) {
+                    case 'rsaEncryption':
+                        $spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey']
+                            = Base64::encode("\0" . Base64::decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $spkac['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'])));
+                }
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $spkac = $asn1->encodeDER($spkac, $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge);
+
+        switch ($format) {
+            case self::FORMAT_DER:
+                return $spkac;
+            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
+            default:
+                // OpenSSL's implementation of SPKAC requires the SPKAC be preceeded by SPKAC= and since there are pretty much
+                // no other SPKAC decoders phpseclib will use that same format
+                return 'SPKAC=' . Base64::encode($spkac);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a Certificate Revocation List
+     *
+     * @param string $crl
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function loadCRL($crl, $mode = self::FORMAT_AUTO_DETECT)
+    {
+        if (is_array($crl) && isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
+            $this->currentCert = $crl;
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+            return $crl;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+
+        if ($mode != self::FORMAT_DER) {
+            $newcrl = $this->_extractBER($crl);
+            if ($mode == self::FORMAT_PEM && $crl == $newcrl) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $crl = $newcrl;
+        }
+        $orig = $crl;
+
+        if ($crl === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($crl);
+
+        if (empty($decoded)) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $crl = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->CertificateList);
+        if (!isset($crl) || $crl === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $this->_mapInDNs($crl, 'tbsCertList/issuer/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapInExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions', $asn1);
+        $rclist = &$this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
+        if (is_array($rclist)) {
+            foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
+                $this->_mapInExtensions($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions", $asn1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = null;
+        $this->currentCert = $crl;
+
+        return $crl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save Certificate Revocation List.
+     *
+     * @param array $crl
+     * @param int $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function saveCRL($crl, $format = self::FORMAT_PEM)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($crl) || !isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new ASN1();
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+
+        $filters = array();
+        $filters['tbsCertList']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value']
+            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+        $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters']
+            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters']
+            = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+
+        if (empty($crl['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters'])) {
+            $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters']
+                = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NULL);
+        }
+
+        if (empty($crl['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'])) {
+            $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters']
+                = array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_NULL);
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+
+        $this->_mapOutDNs($crl, 'tbsCertList/issuer/rdnSequence', $asn1);
+        $this->_mapOutExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions', $asn1);
+        $rclist = &$this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
+        if (is_array($rclist)) {
+            foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
+                $this->_mapOutExtensions($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions", $asn1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $crl = $asn1->encodeDER($crl, $this->CertificateList);
+
+        switch ($format) {
+            case self::FORMAT_DER:
+                return $crl;
+            // case self::FORMAT_PEM:
+            default:
+                return "-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----\r\n" . chunk_split(Base64::encode($crl), 64) . '-----END X509 CRL-----';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to build a time field according to RFC 3280 section
+     *  - 4.1.2.5 Validity
+     *  - 5.1.2.4 This Update
+     *  - 5.1.2.5 Next Update
+     *  - 5.1.2.6 Revoked Certificates
+     * by choosing utcTime iff year of date given is before 2050 and generalTime else.
+     *
+     * @param string $date in format date('D, d M Y H:i:s O')
+     * @access private
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function _timeField($date)
+    {
+        $year = @gmdate("Y", @strtotime($date)); // the same way ASN1.php parses this
+        if ($year < 2050) {
+            return array('utcTime' => $date);
+        } else {
+            return array('generalTime' => $date);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign an X.509 certificate
+     *
+     * $issuer's private key needs to be loaded.
+     * $subject can be either an existing X.509 cert (if you want to resign it),
+     * a CSR or something with the DN and public key explicitly set.
+     *
+     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $issuer
+     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $subject
+     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function sign($issuer, $subject, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha256WithRSAEncryption')
+    {
+        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($subject->publicKey) && !($subjectPublicKey = $subject->_formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
+        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;
+
+        if (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            $this->currentCert = $subject->currentCert;
+            $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['signature']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+
+            if (!empty($this->startDate)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore'] = $this->_timeField($this->startDate);
+            }
+            if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter'] = $this->_timeField($this->endDate);
+            }
+            if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['serialNumber'] = $this->serialNumber;
+            }
+            if (!empty($subject->dn)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'] = $subject->dn;
+            }
+            if (!empty($subject->publicKey)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo'] = $subjectPublicKey;
+            }
+            $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+            if (isset($subject->domains)) {
+                $this->removeExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName');
+            }
+        } elseif (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            if (!isset($subject->publicKey)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $startDate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O');
+            $endDate = !empty($this->endDate) ? $this->endDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', strtotime('+1 year'));
+            /* "The serial number MUST be a positive integer"
+               "Conforming CAs MUST NOT use serialNumber values longer than 20 octets."
+                -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.2
+
+               for the integer to be positive the leading bit needs to be 0 hence the
+               application of a bitmap
+            */
+            $serialNumber = !empty($this->serialNumber) ?
+                $this->serialNumber :
+                new BigInteger(Random::string(20) & ("\x7F" . str_repeat("\xFF", 19)), 256);
+
+            $this->currentCert = array(
+                'tbsCertificate' =>
+                    array(
+                        'version' => 'v3',
+                        'serialNumber' => $serialNumber, // $this->setserialNumber()
+                        'signature' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
+                        'validity' => array(
+                            'notBefore' => $this->_timeField($startDate), // $this->setStartDate()
+                            'notAfter' => $this->_timeField($endDate)   // $this->setEndDate()
+                        ),
+                        'subject' => $subject->dn,
+                        'subjectPublicKeyInfo' => $subjectPublicKey
+                    ),
+                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
+            );
+
+            // Copy extensions from CSR.
+            $csrexts = $subject->getAttribute('pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 0);
+
+            if (!empty($csrexts)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'] = $csrexts;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;
+
+        if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', array(
+                    //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
+                    //    array(
+                    //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
+                    //    )
+                    //),
+                    'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
+                ));
+            //$extensions = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'];
+            //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
+            //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
+            //}
+            //unset($extensions);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $subject->currentKeyIdentifier);
+        }
+
+        $altName = array();
+
+        if (isset($subject->domains) && count($subject->domains) > 1) {
+            $altName = array_map(array('X509', '_dnsName'), $subject->domains);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($subject->ipAddresses) && count($subject->ipAddresses)) {
+            // should an IP address appear as the CN if no domain name is specified? idk
+            //$ips = count($subject->domains) ? $subject->ipAddresses : array_slice($subject->ipAddresses, 1);
+            $ipAddresses = array();
+            foreach ($subject->ipAddresses as $ipAddress) {
+                $encoded = $subject->_ipAddress($ipAddress);
+                if ($encoded !== false) {
+                    $ipAddresses[] = $encoded;
+                }
+            }
+            if (count($ipAddresses)) {
+                $altName = array_merge($altName, $ipAddresses);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($altName)) {
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName', $altName);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->caFlag) {
+            $keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
+            if (!$keyUsage) {
+                $keyUsage = array();
+            }
+
+            $this->setExtension(
+                'id-ce-keyUsage',
+                array_values(array_unique(array_merge($keyUsage, array('cRLSign', 'keyCertSign'))))
+            );
+
+            $basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
+            if (!$basicConstraints) {
+                $basicConstraints = array();
+            }
+
+            $this->setExtension(
+                'id-ce-basicConstraints',
+                array_unique(array_merge(array('cA' => true), $basicConstraints)),
+                true
+            );
+
+            if (!isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', Base64::encode($this->computeKeyIdentifier($this->currentCert)), false, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // resync $this->signatureSubject
+        // save $tbsCertificate in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
+        $tbsCertificate = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'];
+        $this->loadX509($this->saveX509($this->currentCert));
+
+        $result = $this->_sign($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
+        $result['tbsCertificate'] = $tbsCertificate;
+
+        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign a CSR
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function signCSR($signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
+    {
+        if (!is_object($this->privateKey) || empty($this->dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $origPublicKey = $this->publicKey;
+        $class = get_class($this->privateKey);
+        $this->publicKey = new $class();
+        $this->publicKey->load($this->privateKey->getPublicKey());
+        $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
+        if (!($publicKey = $this->_formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->publicKey = $origPublicKey;
+
+        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
+        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;
+
+        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert) && isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+            if (!empty($this->dn)) {
+                $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'] = $this->dn;
+            }
+            $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo'] = $publicKey;
+        } else {
+            $this->currentCert = array(
+                'certificationRequestInfo' =>
+                    array(
+                        'version' => 'v1',
+                        'subject' => $this->dn,
+                        'subjectPKInfo' => $publicKey
+                    ),
+                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
+            );
+        }
+
+        // resync $this->signatureSubject
+        // save $certificationRequestInfo in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
+        $certificationRequestInfo = $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'];
+        $this->loadCSR($this->saveCSR($this->currentCert));
+
+        $result = $this->_sign($this->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
+        $result['certificationRequestInfo'] = $certificationRequestInfo;
+
+        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign a SPKAC
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function signSPKAC($signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
+    {
+        if (!is_object($this->privateKey)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $origPublicKey = $this->publicKey;
+        $class = get_class($this->privateKey);
+        $this->publicKey = new $class();
+        $this->publicKey->load($this->privateKey->getPublicKey());
+        $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
+        $publicKey = $this->_formatSubjectPublicKey();
+        if (!$publicKey) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->publicKey = $origPublicKey;
+
+        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
+        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: null;
+
+        // re-signing a SPKAC seems silly but since everything else supports re-signing why not?
+        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert) && isset($this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
+            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+            $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki'] = $publicKey;
+            if (!empty($this->challenge)) {
+                // the bitwise AND ensures that the output is a valid IA5String
+                $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['challenge'] = $this->challenge & str_repeat("\x7F", strlen($this->challenge));
+            }
+        } else {
+            $this->currentCert = array(
+                'publicKeyAndChallenge' =>
+                    array(
+                        'spki' => $publicKey,
+                        // quoting <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/keygen>,
+                        // "A challenge string that is submitted along with the public key. Defaults to an empty string if not specified."
+                        // both Firefox and OpenSSL ("openssl spkac -key private.key") behave this way
+                        // we could alternatively do this instead if we ignored the specs:
+                        // Random::string(8) & str_repeat("\x7F", 8)
+                        'challenge' => !empty($this->challenge) ? $this->challenge : ''
+                    ),
+                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
+            );
+        }
+
+        // resync $this->signatureSubject
+        // save $publicKeyAndChallenge in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
+        $publicKeyAndChallenge = $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge'];
+        $this->loadSPKAC($this->saveSPKAC($this->currentCert));
+
+        $result = $this->_sign($this->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
+        $result['publicKeyAndChallenge'] = $publicKeyAndChallenge;
+
+        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign a CRL
+     *
+     * $issuer's private key needs to be loaded.
+     *
+     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $issuer
+     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $crl
+     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function signCRL($issuer, $crl, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
+    {
+        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : null;
+        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject : null;
+        $thisUpdate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O');
+
+        if (isset($crl->currentCert) && is_array($crl->currentCert) && isset($crl->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            $this->currentCert = $crl->currentCert;
+            $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['signature']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+        } else {
+            $this->currentCert = array(
+                'tbsCertList' =>
+                    array(
+                        'version' => 'v2',
+                        'signature' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
+                        'thisUpdate' => $this->_timeField($thisUpdate) // $this->setStartDate()
+                    ),
+                    'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                    'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
+            );
+        }
+
+        $tbsCertList = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
+        $tbsCertList['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;
+        $tbsCertList['thisUpdate'] = $this->_timeField($thisUpdate);
+
+        if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
+            $tbsCertList['nextUpdate'] = $this->_timeField($this->endDate); // $this->setEndDate()
+        } else {
+            unset($tbsCertList['nextUpdate']);
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
+            $crlNumber = $this->serialNumber;
+        } else {
+            $crlNumber = $this->getExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber');
+            // "The CRL number is a non-critical CRL extension that conveys a
+            //  monotonically increasing sequence number for a given CRL scope and
+            //  CRL issuer.  This extension allows users to easily determine when a
+            //  particular CRL supersedes another CRL."
+            // -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-5.2.3
+            $crlNumber = $crlNumber !== false ? $crlNumber->add(new BigInteger(1)) : null;
+        }
+
+        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName');
+
+        // Be sure version >= v2 if some extension found.
+        $version = isset($tbsCertList['version']) ? $tbsCertList['version'] : 0;
+        if (!$version) {
+            if (!empty($tbsCertList['crlExtensions'])) {
+                $version = 1; // v2.
+            } elseif (!empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
+                foreach ($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'] as $cert) {
+                    if (!empty($cert['crlEntryExtensions'])) {
+                        $version = 1; // v2.
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ($version) {
+                $tbsCertList['version'] = $version;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Store additional extensions.
+        if (!empty($tbsCertList['version'])) { // At least v2.
+            if (!empty($crlNumber)) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber', $crlNumber);
+            }
+
+            if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', array(
+                        //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
+                        //    array(
+                        //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
+                        //    )
+                        //),
+                        'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
+                    ));
+                //$extensions = &$tbsCertList['crlExtensions'];
+                //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
+                //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
+                //}
+                //unset($extensions);
+            }
+
+            $issuerAltName = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName', $issuer->currentCert);
+
+            if ($issuerAltName !== false) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName', $issuerAltName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
+            unset($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates']);
+        }
+
+        unset($tbsCertList);
+
+        // resync $this->signatureSubject
+        // save $tbsCertList in case there are any \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element objects in it
+        $tbsCertList = $this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
+        $this->loadCRL($this->saveCRL($this->currentCert));
+
+        $result = $this->_sign($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
+        $result['tbsCertList'] = $tbsCertList;
+
+        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * X.509 certificate signing helper function.
+     *
+     * @param object $key
+     * @param \phpseclib\File\X509 $subject
+     * @param string $signatureAlgorithm
+     * @access public
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException if the algorithm is unsupported
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function _sign($key, $signatureAlgorithm)
+    {
+        if ($key instanceof RSA) {
+            switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
+                case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
+                case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
+                case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
+                case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
+                case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
+                case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
+                case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
+                    $key->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));
+
+                    $this->currentCert['signature'] = Base64::encode("\0" . $key->sign($this->signatureSubject, RSA::PADDING_PKCS1));
+                    return $this->currentCert;
+                default:
+                    throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Signature algorithm unsupported');
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('Unsupported public key algorithm');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set certificate start date
+     *
+     * @param string $date
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setStartDate($date)
+    {
+        $this->startDate = @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set certificate end date
+     *
+     * @param string $date
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setEndDate($date)
+    {
+        /*
+          To indicate that a certificate has no well-defined expiration date,
+          the notAfter SHOULD be assigned the GeneralizedTime value of
+          99991231235959Z.
+
+          -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5
+        */
+        if (strtolower($date) == 'lifetime') {
+            $temp = '99991231235959Z';
+            $asn1 = new ASN1();
+            $temp = chr(ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME) . $asn1->_encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
+            $this->endDate = new Element($temp);
+        } else {
+            $this->endDate = @date('D, d M Y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Serial Number
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @param $base optional
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setSerialNumber($serial, $base = -256)
+    {
+        $this->serialNumber = new BigInteger($serial, $base);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns the certificate into a certificate authority
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function makeCA()
+    {
+        $this->caFlag = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to a subarray
+     *
+     * @param array $root
+     * @param string $path  absolute path with / as component separator
+     * @param bool $create optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return array|false
+     */
+    function &_subArray(&$root, $path, $create = false)
+    {
+        $false = false;
+
+        if (!is_array($root)) {
+            return $false;
+        }
+
+        foreach (explode('/', $path) as $i) {
+            if (!is_array($root)) {
+                return $false;
+            }
+
+            if (!isset($root[$i])) {
+                if (!$create) {
+                    return $false;
+                }
+
+                $root[$i] = array();
+            }
+
+            $root = &$root[$i];
+        }
+
+        return $root;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to an extension subarray
+     *
+     * @param array $root
+     * @param string $path optional absolute path with / as component separator
+     * @param bool $create optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return array|false
+     */
+    function &_extensions(&$root, $path = null, $create = false)
+    {
+        if (!isset($root)) {
+            $root = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case !empty($path):
+            case !is_array($root):
+                break;
+            case isset($root['tbsCertificate']):
+                $path = 'tbsCertificate/extensions';
+                break;
+            case isset($root['tbsCertList']):
+                $path = 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions';
+                break;
+            case isset($root['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                $pth = 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes';
+                $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $pth, $create);
+
+                if (is_array($attributes)) {
+                    foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
+                        if ($value['type'] == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest') {
+                            $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
+                            break 2;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if ($create) {
+                        $key = count($attributes);
+                        $attributes[] = array('type' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 'value' => array());
+                        $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path, $create);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            $false = false;
+            return $false;
+        }
+
+        return $extensions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an Extension
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param string $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function _removeExtension($id, $path = null)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_extensions($this->currentCert, $path);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = false;
+        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
+            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
+                unset($extensions[$key]);
+                $result = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $extensions = array_values($extensions);
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an Extension
+     *
+     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param array $cert optional
+     * @param string $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function _getExtension($id, $cert = null, $path = null)
+    {
+        $extensions = $this->_extensions($cert, $path);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
+            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
+                return $value['extnValue'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all extensions in use
+     *
+     * @param array $cert optional
+     * @param string $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function _getExtensions($cert = null, $path = null)
+    {
+        $exts = $this->_extensions($cert, $path);
+        $extensions = array();
+
+        if (is_array($exts)) {
+            foreach ($exts as $extension) {
+                $extensions[] = $extension['extnId'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $extensions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an Extension
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param mixed $value
+     * @param bool $critical optional
+     * @param bool $replace optional
+     * @param string $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function _setExtension($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true, $path = null)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_extensions($this->currentCert, $path, true);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $newext = array('extnId'  => $id, 'critical' => $critical, 'extnValue' => $value);
+
+        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
+            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
+                if (!$replace) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $extensions[$key] = $newext;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $extensions[] = $newext;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function removeExtension($id)
+    {
+        return $this->_removeExtension($id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
+     *
+     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param array $cert optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getExtension($id, $cert = null)
+    {
+        return $this->_getExtension($id, $cert);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all extensions in use in certificate, CSR or CRL
+     *
+     * @param array $cert optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function getExtensions($cert = null)
+    {
+        return $this->_getExtensions($cert);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param mixed $value
+     * @param bool $critical optional
+     * @param bool $replace optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function setExtension($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
+    {
+        return $this->_setExtension($id, $value, $critical, $replace);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a CSR attribute.
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param int $disposition optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function removeAttribute($id, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
+
+        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = false;
+        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
+                $n = count($attribute['value']);
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
+                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_REPLACE:
+                        return false;
+                    case $disposition >= $n:
+                        $disposition -= $n;
+                        break;
+                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL:
+                    case $n == 1:
+                        unset($attributes[$key]);
+                        $result = true;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        unset($attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition]);
+                        $attributes[$key]['value'] = array_values($attributes[$key]['value']);
+                        $result = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+                if ($result && $disposition != self::ATTR_ALL) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $attributes = array_values($attributes);
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a CSR attribute
+     *
+     * Returns the attribute if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param int $disposition optional
+     * @param array $csr optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getAttribute($id, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL, $csr = null)
+    {
+        if (empty($csr)) {
+            $csr = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        $attributes = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
+
+        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
+                $n = count($attribute['value']);
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
+                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_REPLACE:
+                        return false;
+                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL:
+                        return $attribute['value'];
+                    case $disposition >= $n:
+                        $disposition -= $n;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return $attribute['value'][$disposition];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all CSR attributes in use
+     *
+     * @param array $csr optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function getAttributes($csr = null)
+    {
+        if (empty($csr)) {
+            $csr = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        $attributes = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
+        $attrs = array();
+
+        if (is_array($attributes)) {
+            foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
+                $attrs[] = $attribute['type'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $attrs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a CSR attribute
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param mixed $value
+     * @param bool $disposition optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function setAttribute($id, $value, $disposition = self::ATTR_ALL)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', true);
+
+        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch ($disposition) {
+            case self::ATTR_REPLACE:
+                $disposition = self::ATTR_APPEND;
+            case self::ATTR_ALL:
+                $this->removeAttribute($id);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
+                $n = count($attribute['value']);
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $disposition == self::ATTR_APPEND:
+                        $last = $key;
+                        break;
+                    case $disposition >= $n:
+                        $disposition -= $n;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition] = $value;
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case $disposition >= 0:
+                return false;
+            case isset($last):
+                $attributes[$last]['value'][] = $value;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $attributes[] = array('type' => $id, 'value' => $disposition == self::ATTR_ALL ? $value: array($value));
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the subject key identifier
+     *
+     * This is used by the id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier and the id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier extensions.
+     *
+     * @param string $value
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setKeyIdentifier($value)
+    {
+        if (empty($value)) {
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+        } else {
+            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = Base64::encode($value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute a public key identifier.
+     *
+     * Although key identifiers may be set to any unique value, this function
+     * computes key identifiers from public key according to the two
+     * recommended methods (4.2.1.2 RFC 3280).
+     * Highly polymorphic: try to accept all possible forms of key:
+     * - Key object
+     * - \phpseclib\File\X509 object with public or private key defined
+     * - Certificate or CSR array
+     * - \phpseclib\File\ASN1\Element object
+     * - PEM or DER string
+     *
+     * @param mixed $key optional
+     * @param int $method optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return string binary key identifier
+     */
+    function computeKeyIdentifier($key = null, $method = 1)
+    {
+        if (is_null($key)) {
+            $key = $this;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case is_string($key):
+                break;
+            case is_array($key) && isset($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
+            case is_array($key) && isset($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
+            case !is_object($key):
+                return false;
+            case $key instanceof Element:
+                // Assume the element is a bitstring-packed key.
+                $asn1 = new ASN1();
+                $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($key->element);
+                if (empty($decoded)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $raw = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], array('type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING));
+                if (empty($raw)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $raw = Base64::decode($raw);
+                // If the key is private, compute identifier from its corresponding public key.
+                $key = new RSA();
+                if (!$key->load($raw)) {
+                    return false;   // Not an unencrypted RSA key.
+                }
+                if ($key->getPrivateKey() !== false) {  // If private.
+                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key, $method);
+                }
+                $key = $raw;    // Is a public key.
+                break;
+            case $key instanceof X509:
+                if (isset($key->publicKey)) {
+                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->publicKey, $method);
+                }
+                if (isset($key->privateKey)) {
+                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->privateKey, $method);
+                }
+                if (isset($key->currentCert['tbsCertificate']) || isset($key->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->currentCert, $method);
+                }
+                return false;
+            default: // Should be a key object (i.e.: \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA).
+                $key = $key->getPublicKey('PKCS1');
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // If in PEM format, convert to binary.
+        $key = $this->_extractBER($key);
+
+        // Now we have the key string: compute its sha-1 sum.
+        $hash = new Hash('sha1');
+        $hash = $hash->hash($key);
+
+        if ($method == 2) {
+            $hash = substr($hash, -8);
+            $hash[0] = chr((ord($hash[0]) & 0x0F) | 0x40);
+        }
+
+        return $hash;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Format a public key as appropriate
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function _formatSubjectPublicKey()
+    {
+        if ($this->publicKey instanceof RSA) {
+            // the following two return statements do the same thing. i dunno.. i just prefer the later for some reason.
+            // the former is a good example of how to do fuzzing on the public key
+            //return new Element(Base64::decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $this->publicKey->getPublicKey())));
+            return array(
+                'algorithm' => array('algorithm' => 'rsaEncryption'),
+                'subjectPublicKey' => $this->publicKey->getPublicKey('PKCS1')
+            );
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the domain name's which the cert is to be valid for
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function setDomain()
+    {
+        $this->domains = func_get_args();
+        $this->removeDNProp('id-at-commonName');
+        $this->setDNProp('id-at-commonName', $this->domains[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the IP Addresses's which the cert is to be valid for
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param string $ipAddress optional
+     */
+    function setIPAddress()
+    {
+        $this->ipAddresses = func_get_args();
+        /*
+        if (!isset($this->domains)) {
+            $this->removeDNProp('id-at-commonName');
+            $this->setDNProp('id-at-commonName', $this->ipAddresses[0]);
+        }
+        */
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to build domain array
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $domain
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function _dnsName($domain)
+    {
+        return array('dNSName' => $domain);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to build IP Address array
+     *
+     * (IPv6 is not currently supported)
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $address
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function _iPAddress($address)
+    {
+        return array('iPAddress' => $address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the index of a revoked certificate.
+     *
+     * @param array $rclist
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @param bool $create optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return int|false
+     */
+    function _revokedCertificate(&$rclist, $serial, $create = false)
+    {
+        $serial = new BigInteger($serial);
+
+        foreach ($rclist as $i => $rc) {
+            if (!($serial->compare($rc['userCertificate']))) {
+                return $i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$create) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $i = count($rclist);
+        $rclist[] = array('userCertificate' => $serial,
+                          'revocationDate'  => $this->_timeField(@date('D, d M Y H:i:s O')));
+        return $i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Revoke a certificate.
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @param string $date optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function revoke($serial, $date = null)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
+                if ($this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial) === false) { // If not yet revoked
+                    if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
+                        if (!empty($date)) {
+                            $rclist[$i]['revocationDate'] = $this->_timeField($date);
+                        }
+
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unrevoke a certificate.
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function unrevoke($serial)
+    {
+        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                unset($rclist[$i]);
+                $rclist = array_values($rclist);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a revoked certificate.
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getRevoked($serial)
+    {
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $rclist[$i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * List revoked certificates
+     *
+     * @param array $crl optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function listRevoked($crl = null)
+    {
+        if (!isset($crl)) {
+            $crl = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = array();
+
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            foreach ($rclist as $rc) {
+                $result[] = $rc['userCertificate']->toString();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a Revoked Certificate Extension
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @param string $id
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function removeRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id)
+    {
+        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $this->_removeExtension($id, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a Revoked Certificate Extension
+     *
+     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param array $crl optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    function getRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $crl = null)
+    {
+        if (!isset($crl)) {
+            $crl = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $this->_getExtension($id, $crl,  "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all extensions in use for a given revoked certificate
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @param array $crl optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function getRevokedCertificateExtensions($serial, $crl = null)
+    {
+        if (!isset($crl)) {
+            $crl = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $this->_getExtensions($crl, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a Revoked Certificate Extension
+     *
+     * @param string $serial
+     * @param string $id
+     * @param mixed $value
+     * @param bool $critical optional
+     * @param bool $replace optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function setRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
+                if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
+                    return $this->_setExtension($id, $value, $critical, $replace, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract raw BER from Base64 encoding
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param string $str
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _extractBER($str)
+    {
+        /* X.509 certs are assumed to be base64 encoded but sometimes they'll have additional things in them
+         * above and beyond the ceritificate.
+         * ie. some may have the following preceding the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- line:
+         *
+         * Bag Attributes
+         *     localKeyID: 01 00 00 00
+         * subject=/O=organization/OU=org unit/CN=common name
+         * issuer=/O=organization/CN=common name
+         */
+        $temp = preg_replace('#.*?^-+[^-]+-+[\r\n ]*$#ms', '', $str, 1);
+        // remove the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- and -----END CERTIFICATE----- stuff
+        $temp = preg_replace('#-+[^-]+-+#', '', $temp);
+        // remove new lines
+        $temp = str_replace(array("\r", "\n", ' '), '', $temp);
+        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? Base64::decode($temp) : false;
+        return $temp != false ? $temp : $str;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the OID corresponding to a name
+     *
+     * What's returned in the associative array returned by loadX509() (or load*()) is either a name or an OID if
+     * no OID to name mapping is available. The problem with this is that what may be an unmapped OID in one version
+     * of phpseclib may not be unmapped in the next version, so apps that are looking at this OID may not be able
+     * to work from version to version.
+     *
+     * This method will return the OID if a name is passed to it and if no mapping is avialable it'll assume that
+     * what's being passed to it already is an OID and return that instead. A few examples.
+     *
+     * getOID('2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1') == '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1'
+     * getOID('id-sha256') == '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1'
+     * getOID('zzz') == 'zzz'
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function getOID($name)
+    {
+        static $reverseMap;
+        if (!isset($reverseMap)) {
+            $reverseMap = array_flip($this->oids);
+        }
+        return isset($reverseMap[$name]) ? $reverseMap[$name] : $name;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
index e40433de5b..66fb48e426 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 <?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP arbitrary precision integer arithmetic library.
@@ -7,12 +6,12 @@
  * Supports base-2, base-10, base-16, and base-256 numbers.  Uses the GMP or BCMath extensions, if available,
  * and an internal implementation, otherwise.
  *
- * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ * PHP version 5
  *
- * {@internal (all DocBlock comments regarding implementation - such as the one that follows - refer to the 
- * {@link MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL} mode)
+ * {@internal (all DocBlock comments regarding implementation - such as the one that follows - refer to the
+ * {@link self::MODE_INTERNAL self::MODE_INTERNAL} mode)
  *
- * Math_BigInteger uses base-2**26 to perform operations such as multiplication and division and
+ * BigInteger uses base-2**26 to perform operations such as multiplication and division and
  * base-2**52 (ie. two base 2**26 digits) to perform addition and subtraction.  Because the largest possible
  * value when multiplying two base-2**26 numbers together is a base-2**52 number, double precision floating
  * point numbers - numbers that should be supported on most hardware and whose significand is 53 bits - are
@@ -20,12 +19,8 @@
  * which only supports integers.  Although this fact will slow this library down, the fact that such a high
  * base is being used should more than compensate.
  *
- * When PHP version 6 is officially released, we'll be able to use 64-bit integers.  This should, once again,
- * allow bitwise operators, and will increase the maximum possible base to 2**31 (or 2**62 for addition /
- * subtraction).
- *
  * Numbers are stored in {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness little endian} format.  ie.
- * (new Math_BigInteger(pow(2, 26)))->value = array(0, 1)
+ * (new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(pow(2, 26)))->value = array(0, 1)
  *
  * Useful resources are as follows:
  *
@@ -36,10 +31,8 @@
  * Here's an example of how to use this library:
  * <code>
  * <?php
- *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
- *
- *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(2);
- *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(3);
+ *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(2);
+ *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(3);
  *
  *    $c = $a->add($b);
  *
@@ -47,167 +40,171 @@
  * ?>
  * </code>
  *
- * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
- * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
- * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
- * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- * 
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- * 
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
- * THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * @category   Math
- * @package    Math_BigInteger
- * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @copyright  MMVI Jim Wigginton
- * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
- * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/Math_BigInteger
- */
-
-/**#@+
- * Reduction constants
- *
- * @access private
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_reduce()
- */
-/**
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_montgomery()
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_prepMontgomery()
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY', 0);
-/**
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_barrett()
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_BARRETT', 1);
-/**
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_mod2()
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_POWEROF2', 2);
-/**
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_remainder()
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_CLASSIC', 3);
-/**
- * @see Math_BigInteger::__clone()
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_NONE', 4);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * Array constants
- *
- * Rather than create a thousands and thousands of new Math_BigInteger objects in repeated function calls to add() and
- * multiply() or whatever, we'll just work directly on arrays, taking them in as parameters and returning them.
- *
- * @access private
- */
-/**
- * $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] contains the value.
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE', 0);
-/**
- * $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN] contains the sign.
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN', 1);
-/**#@-*/
-
-/**#@+
- * @access private
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_montgomery()
- * @see Math_BigInteger::_barrett()
- */
-/**
- * Cache constants
- *
- * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE] tells us whether or not the cached data is still valid.
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE', 0);
-/**
- * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA] contains the cached data.
+ * @category  Math
+ * @package   BigInteger
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2006 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://pear.php.net/package/Math_BigInteger
  */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA', 1);
-/**#@-*/
 
-/**#@+
- * Mode constants.
- *
- * @access private
- * @see Math_BigInteger::Math_BigInteger()
- */
-/**
- * To use the pure-PHP implementation
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
-/**
- * To use the BCMath library
- *
- * (if enabled; otherwise, the internal implementation will be used)
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH', 2);
-/**
- * To use the GMP library
- *
- * (if present; otherwise, either the BCMath or the internal implementation will be used)
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP', 3);
-/**#@-*/
+namespace phpseclib\Math;
 
-/**
- * Karatsuba Cutoff
- *
- * At what point do we switch between Karatsuba multiplication and schoolbook long multiplication?
- *
- * @access private
- */
-define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF', 25);
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
 
 /**
  * Pure-PHP arbitrary precision integer arithmetic library. Supports base-2, base-10, base-16, and base-256
  * numbers.
  *
+ * @package BigInteger
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
- * @version 1.0.0RC4
  * @access  public
- * @package Math_BigInteger
  */
-class Math_BigInteger {
+class BigInteger
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * Reduction constants
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @see BigInteger::_reduce()
+     */
     /**
-     * Holds the BigInteger's value.
+     * @see BigInteger::_montgomery()
+     * @see BigInteger::_prepMontgomery()
+     */
+    const MONTGOMERY = 0;
+    /**
+     * @see BigInteger::_barrett()
+     */
+    const BARRETT = 1;
+    /**
+     * @see BigInteger::_mod2()
+     */
+    const POWEROF2 = 2;
+    /**
+     * @see BigInteger::_remainder()
+     */
+    const CLASSIC = 3;
+    /**
+     * @see BigInteger::__clone()
+     */
+    const NONE = 4;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Array constants
+     *
+     * Rather than create a thousands and thousands of new BigInteger objects in repeated function calls to add() and
+     * multiply() or whatever, we'll just work directly on arrays, taking them in as parameters and returning them.
      *
-     * @var Array
      * @access private
+    */
+    /**
+     * $result[self::VALUE] contains the value.
      */
-    var $value;
+    const VALUE = 0;
+    /**
+     * $result[self::SIGN] contains the sign.
+     */
+    const SIGN = 1;
+    /**#@-*/
 
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     * @see BigInteger::_montgomery()
+     * @see BigInteger::_barrett()
+    */
     /**
-     * Holds the BigInteger's magnitude.
+     * Cache constants
+     *
+     * $cache[self::VARIABLE] tells us whether or not the cached data is still valid.
+     */
+    const VARIABLE = 0;
+    /**
+     * $cache[self::DATA] contains the cached data.
+     */
+    const DATA = 1;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Mode constants.
      *
-     * @var Boolean
      * @access private
+     * @see BigInteger::__construct()
+    */
+    /**
+     * To use the pure-PHP implementation
      */
-    var $is_negative = false;
+    const MODE_INTERNAL = 1;
+    /**
+     * To use the BCMath library
+     *
+     * (if enabled; otherwise, the internal implementation will be used)
+     */
+    const MODE_BCMATH = 2;
+    /**
+     * To use the GMP library
+     *
+     * (if present; otherwise, either the BCMath or the internal implementation will be used)
+     */
+    const MODE_GMP = 3;
+    /**#@-*/
 
     /**
-     * Random number generator function
+     * Karatsuba Cutoff
+     *
+     * At what point do we switch between Karatsuba multiplication and schoolbook long multiplication?
      *
-     * @see setRandomGenerator()
      * @access private
      */
-    var $generator = 'mt_rand';
+    const KARATSUBA_CUTOFF = 25;
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Static properties used by the pure-PHP implementation.
+     *
+     * @see __construct()
+     */
+    protected static $base;
+    protected static $baseFull;
+    protected static $maxDigit;
+    protected static $msb;
+
+    /**
+     * $max10 in greatest $max10Len satisfying
+     * $max10 = 10**$max10Len <= 2**$base.
+     */
+    protected static $max10;
+
+    /**
+     * $max10Len in greatest $max10Len satisfying
+     * $max10 = 10**$max10Len <= 2**$base.
+     */
+    protected static $max10Len;
+    protected static $maxDigit2;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * Holds the BigInteger's value.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $value;
+
+    /**
+     * Holds the BigInteger's magnitude.
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $is_negative = false;
 
     /**
      * Precision
      *
-     * @see setPrecision()
+     * @see self::setPrecision()
      * @access private
      */
     var $precision = -1;
@@ -215,7 +212,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Precision Bitmask
      *
-     * @see setPrecision()
+     * @see self::setPrecision()
      * @access private
      */
     var $bitmask = false;
@@ -223,13 +220,13 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Mode independent value used for serialization.
      *
-     * If the bcmath or gmp extensions are installed $this->value will be a non-serializable resource, hence the need for 
+     * If the bcmath or gmp extensions are installed $this->value will be a non-serializable resource, hence the need for
      * a variable that'll be serializable regardless of whether or not extensions are being used.  Unlike $this->value,
      * however, $this->hex is only calculated when $this->__sleep() is called.
      *
-     * @see __sleep()
-     * @see __wakeup()
-     * @var String
+     * @see self::__sleep()
+     * @see self::__wakeup()
+     * @var string
      * @access private
      */
     var $hex;
@@ -242,105 +239,76 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
-     * &lt;?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('0x32', 16); // 50 in base-16
+     * <?php
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('0x32', 16); // 50 in base-16
      *
      *    echo $a->toString(); // outputs 50
-     * ?&gt;
+     * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param optional $x base-10 number or base-$base number if $base set.
-     * @param optional integer $base
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param $x base-10 number or base-$base number if $base set.
+     * @param int $base
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
-    function Math_BigInteger($x = 0, $base = 10)
+    function __construct($x = 0, $base = 10)
     {
-        if ( !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE') ) {
+        if (!defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE')) {
             switch (true) {
                 case extension_loaded('gmp'):
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP);
+                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', self::MODE_GMP);
                     break;
                 case extension_loaded('bcmath'):
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH);
+                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', self::MODE_BCMATH);
                     break;
                 default:
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL);
+                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', self::MODE_INTERNAL);
             }
         }
 
-        if (function_exists('openssl_public_encrypt') && !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_DISABLE') && !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED')) {
-            // some versions of XAMPP have mismatched versions of OpenSSL which causes it not to work
-            ob_start();
-            phpinfo();
-            $content = ob_get_contents();
-            ob_end_clean();
-
-            preg_match_all('#OpenSSL (Header|Library) Version(.*)#im', $content, $matches);
-
-            $versions = array();
-            if (!empty($matches[1])) {
-                for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches[1]); $i++) {
-                    $versions[$matches[1][$i]] = trim(str_replace('=>', '', strip_tags($matches[2][$i])));
-                }
-            }
-
-            // it doesn't appear that OpenSSL versions were reported upon until PHP 5.3+
-            switch (true) {
-                case !isset($versions['Header']):
-                case !isset($versions['Library']):
-                case $versions['Header'] == $versions['Library']:
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED', true);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_DISABLE', true);
-            }
+        if (extension_loaded('openssl') && !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_DISABLE') && !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED')) {
+            define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED', true);
         }
 
         if (!defined('PHP_INT_SIZE')) {
             define('PHP_INT_SIZE', 4);
         }
 
-        if (!defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE') && MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL) {
+        if (empty(self::$base) && MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == self::MODE_INTERNAL) {
             switch (PHP_INT_SIZE) {
                 case 8: // use 64-bit integers if int size is 8 bytes
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE',       31);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL',  0x80000000);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT',  0x7FFFFFFF);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MSB',        0x40000000);
-                    // 10**9 is the closest we can get to 2**31 without passing it
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10',      1000000000);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10_LEN',  9);
-                    // the largest digit that may be used in addition / subtraction
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT2', pow(2, 62));
+                    self::$base      = 31;
+                    self::$baseFull  = 0x80000000;
+                    self::$maxDigit  = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+                    self::$msb       = 0x40000000;
+                    self::$max10     = 1000000000;
+                    self::$max10Len  = 9;
+                    self::$maxDigit2 = pow(2, 62);
                     break;
                 //case 4: // use 64-bit floats if int size is 4 bytes
                 default:
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE',       26);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL',  0x4000000);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT',  0x3FFFFFF);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MSB',        0x2000000);
-                    // 10**7 is the closest to 2**26 without passing it
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10',      10000000);
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10_LEN',  7);
-                    // the largest digit that may be used in addition / subtraction
-                    // we do pow(2, 52) instead of using 4503599627370496 directly because some
-                    // PHP installations will truncate 4503599627370496.
-                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT2', pow(2, 52));
+                    self::$base      = 26;
+                    self::$baseFull  = 0x4000000;
+                    self::$maxDigit  = 0x3FFFFFF;
+                    self::$msb       = 0x2000000;
+                    self::$max10     = 10000000;
+                    self::$max10Len  = 7;
+                    self::$maxDigit2 = pow(2, 52); // pow() prevents truncation
             }
         }
 
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                if (is_resource($x) && get_resource_type($x) == 'GMP integer') {
-                    $this->value = $x;
-                    return;
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                switch (true) {
+                    case is_resource($x) && get_resource_type($x) == 'GMP integer':
+                    // PHP 5.6 switched GMP from using resources to objects
+                    case $x instanceof \GMP:
+                        $this->value = $x;
+                        return;
                 }
                 $this->value = gmp_init(0);
                 break;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 $this->value = '0';
                 break;
             default:
@@ -359,13 +327,13 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                     $x = ~$x;
                     $this->is_negative = true;
                 }
-            case  256:
-                switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+            case 256:
+                switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+                    case self::MODE_GMP:
                         $sign = $this->is_negative ? '-' : '';
-                        $this->value = gmp_init($sign . '0x' . bin2hex($x));
+                        $this->value = gmp_init($sign . '0x' . Hex::encode($x));
                         break;
-                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                    case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                         // round $len to the nearest 4 (thanks, DavidMJ!)
                         $len = (strlen($x) + 3) & 0xFFFFFFFC;
 
@@ -384,19 +352,19 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                     // converts a base-2**8 (big endian / msb) number to base-2**26 (little endian / lsb)
                     default:
                         while (strlen($x)) {
-                            $this->value[] = $this->_bytes2int($this->_base256_rshift($x, MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE));
+                            $this->value[] = $this->_bytes2int($this->_base256_rshift($x, self::$base));
                         }
                 }
 
                 if ($this->is_negative) {
-                    if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL) {
+                    if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != self::MODE_INTERNAL) {
                         $this->is_negative = false;
                     }
-                    $temp = $this->add(new Math_BigInteger('-1'));
+                    $temp = $this->add(new static('-1'));
                     $this->value = $temp->value;
                 }
                 break;
-            case  16:
+            case 16:
             case -16:
                 if ($base > 0 && $x[0] == '-') {
                     $this->is_negative = true;
@@ -408,70 +376,70 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $is_negative = false;
                 if ($base < 0 && hexdec($x[0]) >= 8) {
                     $this->is_negative = $is_negative = true;
-                    $x = bin2hex(~pack('H*', $x));
+                    $x = Hex::encode(~Hex::decode($x));
                 }
 
-                switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+                    case self::MODE_GMP:
                         $temp = $this->is_negative ? '-0x' . $x : '0x' . $x;
                         $this->value = gmp_init($temp);
                         $this->is_negative = false;
                         break;
-                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
-                        $x = ( strlen($x) & 1 ) ? '0' . $x : $x;
-                        $temp = new Math_BigInteger(pack('H*', $x), 256);
+                    case self::MODE_BCMATH:
+                        $x = (strlen($x) & 1) ? '0' . $x : $x;
+                        $temp = new static(Hex::decode($x), 256);
                         $this->value = $this->is_negative ? '-' . $temp->value : $temp->value;
                         $this->is_negative = false;
                         break;
                     default:
-                        $x = ( strlen($x) & 1 ) ? '0' . $x : $x;
-                        $temp = new Math_BigInteger(pack('H*', $x), 256);
+                        $x = (strlen($x) & 1) ? '0' . $x : $x;
+                        $temp = new static(Hex::decode($x), 256);
                         $this->value = $temp->value;
                 }
 
                 if ($is_negative) {
-                    $temp = $this->add(new Math_BigInteger('-1'));
+                    $temp = $this->add(new static('-1'));
                     $this->value = $temp->value;
                 }
                 break;
-            case  10:
+            case 10:
             case -10:
                 // (?<!^)(?:-).*: find any -'s that aren't at the beginning and then any characters that follow that
                 // (?<=^|-)0*: find any 0's that are preceded by the start of the string or by a - (ie. octals)
                 // [^-0-9].*: find any non-numeric characters and then any characters that follow that
                 $x = preg_replace('#(?<!^)(?:-).*|(?<=^|-)0*|[^-0-9].*#', '', $x);
 
-                switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+                    case self::MODE_GMP:
                         $this->value = gmp_init($x);
                         break;
-                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                    case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                         // explicitly casting $x to a string is necessary, here, since doing $x[0] on -1 yields different
                         // results then doing it on '-1' does (modInverse does $x[0])
                         $this->value = $x === '-' ? '0' : (string) $x;
                         break;
                     default:
-                        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                        $temp = new static();
 
-                        $multiplier = new Math_BigInteger();
-                        $multiplier->value = array(MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10);
+                        $multiplier = new static();
+                        $multiplier->value = array(self::$max10);
 
                         if ($x[0] == '-') {
                             $this->is_negative = true;
                             $x = substr($x, 1);
                         }
 
-                        $x = str_pad($x, strlen($x) + ((MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10_LEN - 1) * strlen($x)) % MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10_LEN, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT);
+                        $x = str_pad($x, strlen($x) + ((self::$max10Len - 1) * strlen($x)) % self::$max10Len, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT);
                         while (strlen($x)) {
                             $temp = $temp->multiply($multiplier);
-                            $temp = $temp->add(new Math_BigInteger($this->_int2bytes(substr($x, 0, MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10_LEN)), 256));
-                            $x = substr($x, MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10_LEN);
+                            $temp = $temp->add(new static($this->_int2bytes(substr($x, 0, self::$max10Len)), 256));
+                            $x = substr($x, self::$max10Len);
                         }
 
                         $this->value = $temp->value;
                 }
                 break;
-            case  2: // base-2 support originally implemented by Lluis Pamies - thanks!
+            case 2: // base-2 support originally implemented by Lluis Pamies - thanks!
             case -2:
                 if ($base > 0 && $x[0] == '-') {
                     $this->is_negative = true;
@@ -492,7 +460,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                     $str = '-' . $str;
                 }
 
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger($str, 8 * $base); // ie. either -16 or +16
+                $temp = new static($str, 8 * $base); // ie. either -16 or +16
                 $this->value = $temp->value;
                 $this->is_negative = $temp->is_negative;
 
@@ -511,28 +479,26 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('65');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('65');
      *
      *    echo $a->toBytes(); // outputs chr(65)
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Boolean $twos_compliment
-     * @return String
+     * @param bool $twos_compliment
+     * @return string
      * @access public
      * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-2**8
      */
     function toBytes($twos_compliment = false)
     {
         if ($twos_compliment) {
-            $comparison = $this->compare(new Math_BigInteger());
+            $comparison = $this->compare(new static());
             if ($comparison == 0) {
                 return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
             }
 
-            $temp = $comparison < 0 ? $this->add(new Math_BigInteger(1)) : $this->copy();
+            $temp = $comparison < 0 ? $this->add(new static(1)) : $this;
             $bytes = $temp->toBytes();
 
             if (empty($bytes)) { // eg. if the number we're trying to convert is -1
@@ -546,20 +512,20 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             return $comparison < 0 ? ~$bytes : $bytes;
         }
 
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 if (gmp_cmp($this->value, gmp_init(0)) == 0) {
                     return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
                 }
 
                 $temp = gmp_strval(gmp_abs($this->value), 16);
-                $temp = ( strlen($temp) & 1 ) ? '0' . $temp : $temp;
-                $temp = pack('H*', $temp);
+                $temp = (strlen($temp) & 1) ? '0' . $temp : $temp;
+                $temp = Hex::decode($temp);
 
                 return $this->precision > 0 ?
                     substr(str_pad($temp, $this->precision >> 3, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -($this->precision >> 3)) :
                     ltrim($temp, chr(0));
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 if ($this->value === '0') {
                     return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
                 }
@@ -585,13 +551,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         if (!count($this->value)) {
             return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
         }
-        $result = $this->_int2bytes($this->value[count($this->value) - 1]);
+        $result = self::_int2bytes($this->value[count($this->value) - 1]);
 
-        $temp = $this->copy();
-
-        for ($i = count($temp->value) - 2; $i >= 0; --$i) {
-            $temp->_base256_lshift($result, MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE);
-            $result = $result | str_pad($temp->_int2bytes($temp->value[$i]), strlen($result), chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+        for ($i = count($this->value) - 2; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            self::_base256_lshift($result, self::$base);
+            $result = $result | str_pad(self::_int2bytes($this->value[$i]), strlen($result), chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
         }
 
         return $this->precision > 0 ?
@@ -608,22 +572,20 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('65');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('65');
      *
      *    echo $a->toHex(); // outputs '41'
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Boolean $twos_compliment
-     * @return String
+     * @param bool $twos_compliment
+     * @return string
      * @access public
      * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-2**8
      */
     function toHex($twos_compliment = false)
     {
-        return bin2hex($this->toBytes($twos_compliment));
+        return Hex::encode($this->toBytes($twos_compliment));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -635,16 +597,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('65');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('65');
      *
      *    echo $a->toBits(); // outputs '1000001'
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Boolean $twos_compliment
-     * @return String
+     * @param bool $twos_compliment
+     * @return string
      * @access public
      * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-2**2
      */
@@ -660,7 +620,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         }
         $result = $this->precision > 0 ? substr($bits, -$this->precision) : ltrim($bits, '0');
 
-        if ($twos_compliment && $this->compare(new Math_BigInteger()) > 0 && $this->precision <= 0) {
+        if ($twos_compliment && $this->compare(new static()) > 0 && $this->precision <= 0) {
             return '0' . $result;
         }
 
@@ -673,24 +633,22 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('50');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('50');
      *
      *    echo $a->toString(); // outputs 50
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @return String
+     * @return string
      * @access public
      * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-10**7 (which is pretty much base-10)
      */
     function toString()
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 return gmp_strval($this->value);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 if ($this->value === '0') {
                     return '0';
                 }
@@ -702,15 +660,15 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             return '0';
         }
 
-        $temp = $this->copy();
+        $temp = clone $this;
         $temp->is_negative = false;
 
-        $divisor = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $divisor->value = array(MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10);
+        $divisor = new static();
+        $divisor->value = array(self::$max10);
         $result = '';
         while (count($temp->value)) {
             list($temp, $mod) = $temp->divide($divisor);
-            $result = str_pad(isset($mod->value[0]) ? $mod->value[0] : '', MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX10_LEN, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . $result;
+            $result = str_pad(isset($mod->value[0]) ? $mod->value[0] : '', self::$max10Len, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . $result;
         }
         $result = ltrim($result, '0');
         if (empty($result)) {
@@ -724,29 +682,6 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         return $result;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Copy an object
-     *
-     * PHP5 passes objects by reference while PHP4 passes by value.  As such, we need a function to guarantee
-     * that all objects are passed by value, when appropriate.  More information can be found here:
-     *
-     * {@link http://php.net/language.oop5.basic#51624}
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @see __clone()
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
-     */
-    function copy()
-    {
-        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $temp->value = $this->value;
-        $temp->is_negative = $this->is_negative;
-        $temp->generator = $this->generator;
-        $temp->precision = $this->precision;
-        $temp->bitmask = $this->bitmask;
-        return $temp;
-    }
-
     /**
      *  __toString() magic method
      *
@@ -761,75 +696,84 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         return $this->toString();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * __clone() magic method
-     *
-     * Although you can call Math_BigInteger::__toString() directly in PHP5, you cannot call Math_BigInteger::__clone()
-     * directly in PHP5.  You can in PHP4 since it's not a magic method, but in PHP5, you have to call it by using the PHP5
-     * only syntax of $y = clone $x.  As such, if you're trying to write an application that works on both PHP4 and PHP5,
-     * call Math_BigInteger::copy(), instead.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @see copy()
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
-     */
-    function __clone()
-    {
-        return $this->copy();
-    }
-
     /**
      *  __sleep() magic method
      *
-     * Will be called, automatically, when serialize() is called on a Math_BigInteger object.
+     * Will be called, automatically, when serialize() is called on a BigInteger object.
      *
-     * @see __wakeup()
+     * @see self::__wakeup()
      * @access public
      */
     function __sleep()
     {
         $this->hex = $this->toHex(true);
         $vars = array('hex');
-        if ($this->generator != 'mt_rand') {
-            $vars[] = 'generator';
-        }
         if ($this->precision > 0) {
             $vars[] = 'precision';
         }
         return $vars;
-        
     }
 
     /**
      *  __wakeup() magic method
      *
-     * Will be called, automatically, when unserialize() is called on a Math_BigInteger object.
+     * Will be called, automatically, when unserialize() is called on a BigInteger object.
      *
-     * @see __sleep()
+     * @see self::__sleep()
      * @access public
      */
     function __wakeup()
     {
-        $temp = new Math_BigInteger($this->hex, -16);
+        $temp = new static($this->hex, -16);
         $this->value = $temp->value;
         $this->is_negative = $temp->is_negative;
-        $this->setRandomGenerator($this->generator);
         if ($this->precision > 0) {
             // recalculate $this->bitmask
             $this->setPrecision($this->precision);
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     *  __debugInfo() magic method
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, when print_r() or var_dump() are called
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __debugInfo()
+    {
+        $opts = array();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $engine = 'gmp';
+                break;
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
+                $engine = 'bcmath';
+                break;
+            case self::MODE_INTERNAL:
+                $engine = 'internal';
+                $opts[] = PHP_INT_SIZE == 8 ? '64-bit' : '32-bit';
+        }
+        if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != self::MODE_GMP && defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED')) {
+            $opts[] = 'OpenSSL';
+        }
+        if (!empty($opts)) {
+            $engine.= ' (' . implode($opts, ', ') . ')';
+        }
+        return array(
+            'value' => '0x' . $this->toHex(true),
+            'engine' => $engine
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Adds two BigIntegers.
      *
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('20');
      *
      *    $c = $a->add($b);
      *
@@ -837,31 +781,31 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $y
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $y
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      * @internal Performs base-2**52 addition
      */
-    function add($y)
+    function add(BigInteger $y)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = gmp_add($this->value, $y->value);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = bcadd($this->value, $y->value, 0);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        $temp = $this->_add($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
+        $temp = self::_add($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
 
-        $result = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $result->value = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
-        $result->is_negative = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN];
+        $result = new static();
+        $result->value = $temp[self::VALUE];
+        $result->is_negative = $temp[self::SIGN];
 
         return $this->_normalize($result);
     }
@@ -869,41 +813,41 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Performs addition.
      *
-     * @param Array $x_value
-     * @param Boolean $x_negative
-     * @param Array $y_value
-     * @param Boolean $y_negative
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x_value
+     * @param bool $x_negative
+     * @param array $y_value
+     * @param bool $y_negative
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _add($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    static function _add($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
     {
         $x_size = count($x_value);
         $y_size = count($y_value);
 
         if ($x_size == 0) {
             return array(
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $y_value,
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $y_negative
+                self::VALUE => $y_value,
+                self::SIGN => $y_negative
             );
-        } else if ($y_size == 0) {
+        } elseif ($y_size == 0) {
             return array(
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $x_value,
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+                self::VALUE => $x_value,
+                self::SIGN => $x_negative
             );
         }
 
         // subtract, if appropriate
-        if ( $x_negative != $y_negative ) {
-            if ( $x_value == $y_value ) {
+        if ($x_negative != $y_negative) {
+            if ($x_value == $y_value) {
                 return array(
-                    MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
-                    MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+                    self::VALUE => array(),
+                    self::SIGN => false
                 );
             }
 
-            $temp = $this->_subtract($x_value, false, $y_value, false);
-            $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN] = $this->_compare($x_value, false, $y_value, false) > 0 ?
+            $temp = self::_subtract($x_value, false, $y_value, false);
+            $temp[self::SIGN] = self::_compare($x_value, false, $y_value, false) > 0 ?
                                           $x_negative : $y_negative;
 
             return $temp;
@@ -917,37 +861,37 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             $value = $x_value;
         }
 
-        $value[] = 0; // just in case the carry adds an extra digit
+        $value[count($value)] = 0; // just in case the carry adds an extra digit
 
         $carry = 0;
         for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $j < $size; $i+=2, $j+=2) {
-            $sum = $x_value[$j] * MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL + $x_value[$i] + $y_value[$j] * MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL + $y_value[$i] + $carry;
-            $carry = $sum >= MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT2; // eg. floor($sum / 2**52); only possible values (in any base) are 0 and 1
-            $sum = $carry ? $sum - MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT2 : $sum;
+            $sum = $x_value[$j] * self::$baseFull + $x_value[$i] + $y_value[$j] * self::$baseFull + $y_value[$i] + $carry;
+            $carry = $sum >= self::$maxDigit2; // eg. floor($sum / 2**52); only possible values (in any base) are 0 and 1
+            $sum = $carry ? $sum - self::$maxDigit2 : $sum;
 
-            $temp = (int) ($sum / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
+            $temp = self::$base === 26 ? intval($sum / 0x4000000) : ($sum >> 31);
 
-            $value[$i] = (int) ($sum - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $temp); // eg. a faster alternative to fmod($sum, 0x4000000)
+            $value[$i] = (int) ($sum - self::$baseFull * $temp); // eg. a faster alternative to fmod($sum, 0x4000000)
             $value[$j] = $temp;
         }
 
         if ($j == $size) { // ie. if $y_size is odd
             $sum = $x_value[$i] + $y_value[$i] + $carry;
-            $carry = $sum >= MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL;
-            $value[$i] = $carry ? $sum - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL : $sum;
+            $carry = $sum >= self::$baseFull;
+            $value[$i] = $carry ? $sum - self::$baseFull : $sum;
             ++$i; // ie. let $i = $j since we've just done $value[$i]
         }
 
         if ($carry) {
-            for (; $value[$i] == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT; ++$i) {
+            for (; $value[$i] == self::$maxDigit; ++$i) {
                 $value[$i] = 0;
             }
             ++$value[$i];
         }
 
         return array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_trim($value),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+            self::VALUE => self::_trim($value),
+            self::SIGN => $x_negative
         );
     }
 
@@ -957,10 +901,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('20');
      *
      *    $c = $a->subtract($b);
      *
@@ -968,31 +910,31 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $y
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $y
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      * @internal Performs base-2**52 subtraction
      */
-    function subtract($y)
+    function subtract(BigInteger $y)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = gmp_sub($this->value, $y->value);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = bcsub($this->value, $y->value, 0);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        $temp = $this->_subtract($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
+        $temp = self::_subtract($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
 
-        $result = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $result->value = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
-        $result->is_negative = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN];
+        $result = new static();
+        $result->value = $temp[self::VALUE];
+        $result->is_negative = $temp[self::SIGN];
 
         return $this->_normalize($result);
     }
@@ -1000,49 +942,49 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Performs subtraction.
      *
-     * @param Array $x_value
-     * @param Boolean $x_negative
-     * @param Array $y_value
-     * @param Boolean $y_negative
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x_value
+     * @param bool $x_negative
+     * @param array $y_value
+     * @param bool $y_negative
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _subtract($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    static function _subtract($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
     {
         $x_size = count($x_value);
         $y_size = count($y_value);
 
         if ($x_size == 0) {
             return array(
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $y_value,
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => !$y_negative
+                self::VALUE => $y_value,
+                self::SIGN => !$y_negative
             );
-        } else if ($y_size == 0) {
+        } elseif ($y_size == 0) {
             return array(
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $x_value,
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+                self::VALUE => $x_value,
+                self::SIGN => $x_negative
             );
         }
 
         // add, if appropriate (ie. -$x - +$y or +$x - -$y)
-        if ( $x_negative != $y_negative ) {
-            $temp = $this->_add($x_value, false, $y_value, false);
-            $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN] = $x_negative;
+        if ($x_negative != $y_negative) {
+            $temp = self::_add($x_value, false, $y_value, false);
+            $temp[self::SIGN] = $x_negative;
 
             return $temp;
         }
 
-        $diff = $this->_compare($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative);
+        $diff = self::_compare($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative);
 
-        if ( !$diff ) {
+        if (!$diff) {
             return array(
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+                self::VALUE => array(),
+                self::SIGN => false
             );
         }
 
         // switch $x and $y around, if appropriate.
-        if ( (!$x_negative && $diff < 0) || ($x_negative && $diff > 0) ) {
+        if ((!$x_negative && $diff < 0) || ($x_negative && $diff > 0)) {
             $temp = $x_value;
             $x_value = $y_value;
             $y_value = $temp;
@@ -1057,33 +999,33 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         $carry = 0;
         for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $j < $y_size; $i+=2, $j+=2) {
-            $sum = $x_value[$j] * MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL + $x_value[$i] - $y_value[$j] * MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL - $y_value[$i] - $carry;
+            $sum = $x_value[$j] * self::$baseFull + $x_value[$i] - $y_value[$j] * self::$baseFull - $y_value[$i] - $carry;
             $carry = $sum < 0; // eg. floor($sum / 2**52); only possible values (in any base) are 0 and 1
-            $sum = $carry ? $sum + MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT2 : $sum;
+            $sum = $carry ? $sum + self::$maxDigit2 : $sum;
 
-            $temp = (int) ($sum / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
+            $temp = self::$base === 26 ? intval($sum / 0x4000000) : ($sum >> 31);
 
-            $x_value[$i] = (int) ($sum - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $temp);
+            $x_value[$i] = (int) ($sum - self::$baseFull * $temp);
             $x_value[$j] = $temp;
         }
 
         if ($j == $y_size) { // ie. if $y_size is odd
             $sum = $x_value[$i] - $y_value[$i] - $carry;
             $carry = $sum < 0;
-            $x_value[$i] = $carry ? $sum + MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL : $sum;
+            $x_value[$i] = $carry ? $sum + self::$baseFull : $sum;
             ++$i;
         }
 
         if ($carry) {
             for (; !$x_value[$i]; ++$i) {
-                $x_value[$i] = MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT;
+                $x_value[$i] = self::$maxDigit;
             }
             --$x_value[$i];
         }
 
         return array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_trim($x_value),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+            self::VALUE => self::_trim($x_value),
+            self::SIGN => $x_negative
         );
     }
 
@@ -1093,10 +1035,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('20');
      *
      *    $c = $a->multiply($b);
      *
@@ -1104,30 +1044,30 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
-    function multiply($x)
+    function multiply(BigInteger $x)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = gmp_mul($this->value, $x->value);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = bcmul($this->value, $x->value, 0);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        $temp = $this->_multiply($this->value, $this->is_negative, $x->value, $x->is_negative);
+        $temp = self::_multiply($this->value, $this->is_negative, $x->value, $x->is_negative);
 
-        $product = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $product->value = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
-        $product->is_negative = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN];
+        $product = new static();
+        $product->value = $temp[self::VALUE];
+        $product->is_negative = $temp[self::SIGN];
 
         return $this->_normalize($product);
     }
@@ -1135,37 +1075,37 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Performs multiplication.
      *
-     * @param Array $x_value
-     * @param Boolean $x_negative
-     * @param Array $y_value
-     * @param Boolean $y_negative
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x_value
+     * @param bool $x_negative
+     * @param array $y_value
+     * @param bool $y_negative
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _multiply($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    static function _multiply($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
     {
         //if ( $x_value == $y_value ) {
         //    return array(
-        //        MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_square($x_value),
-        //        MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_sign != $y_value
+        //        self::VALUE => $this->_square($x_value),
+        //        self::SIGN => $x_sign != $y_value
         //    );
         //}
 
         $x_length = count($x_value);
         $y_length = count($y_value);
 
-        if ( !$x_length || !$y_length ) { // a 0 is being multiplied
+        if (!$x_length || !$y_length) { // a 0 is being multiplied
             return array(
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+                self::VALUE => array(),
+                self::SIGN => false
             );
         }
 
         return array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => min($x_length, $y_length) < 2 * MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF ?
-                $this->_trim($this->_regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value)) :
-                $this->_trim($this->_karatsuba($x_value, $y_value)),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative != $y_negative
+            self::VALUE => min($x_length, $y_length) < 2 * self::KARATSUBA_CUTOFF ?
+                self::_trim(self::_regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value)) :
+                self::_trim(self::_karatsuba($x_value, $y_value)),
+            self::SIGN => $x_negative != $y_negative
         );
     }
 
@@ -1174,21 +1114,21 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Modeled after 'multiply' in MutableBigInteger.java.
      *
-     * @param Array $x_value
-     * @param Array $y_value
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x_value
+     * @param array $y_value
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value)
+    static function _regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value)
     {
         $x_length = count($x_value);
         $y_length = count($y_value);
 
-        if ( !$x_length || !$y_length ) { // a 0 is being multiplied
+        if (!$x_length || !$y_length) { // a 0 is being multiplied
             return array();
         }
 
-        if ( $x_length < $y_length ) {
+        if ($x_length < $y_length) {
             $temp = $x_value;
             $x_value = $y_value;
             $y_value = $temp;
@@ -1197,7 +1137,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             $y_length = count($y_value);
         }
 
-        $product_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $x_length + $y_length);
+        $product_value = self::_array_repeat(0, $x_length + $y_length);
 
         // the following for loop could be removed if the for loop following it
         // (the one with nested for loops) initially set $i to 0, but
@@ -1209,8 +1149,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         for ($j = 0; $j < $x_length; ++$j) { // ie. $i = 0
             $temp = $x_value[$j] * $y_value[0] + $carry; // $product_value[$k] == 0
-            $carry = (int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
-            $product_value[$j] = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $carry);
+            $carry = self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31);
+            $product_value[$j] = (int) ($temp - self::$baseFull * $carry);
         }
 
         $product_value[$j] = $carry;
@@ -1222,8 +1162,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
             for ($j = 0, $k = $i; $j < $x_length; ++$j, ++$k) {
                 $temp = $product_value[$k] + $x_value[$j] * $y_value[$i] + $carry;
-                $carry = (int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
-                $product_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $carry);
+                $carry = self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31);
+                $product_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - self::$baseFull * $carry);
             }
 
             $product_value[$k] = $carry;
@@ -1238,17 +1178,17 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * See {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm Karatsuba algorithm} and
      * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=120 MPM 5.2.3}.
      *
-     * @param Array $x_value
-     * @param Array $y_value
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x_value
+     * @param array $y_value
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _karatsuba($x_value, $y_value)
+    static function _karatsuba($x_value, $y_value)
     {
         $m = min(count($x_value) >> 1, count($y_value) >> 1);
 
-        if ($m < MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF) {
-            return $this->_regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value);
+        if ($m < self::KARATSUBA_CUTOFF) {
+            return self::_regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value);
         }
 
         $x1 = array_slice($x_value, $m);
@@ -1256,36 +1196,36 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $y1 = array_slice($y_value, $m);
         $y0 = array_slice($y_value, 0, $m);
 
-        $z2 = $this->_karatsuba($x1, $y1);
-        $z0 = $this->_karatsuba($x0, $y0);
+        $z2 = self::_karatsuba($x1, $y1);
+        $z0 = self::_karatsuba($x0, $y0);
 
-        $z1 = $this->_add($x1, false, $x0, false);
-        $temp = $this->_add($y1, false, $y0, false);
-        $z1 = $this->_karatsuba($z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
-        $temp = $this->_add($z2, false, $z0, false);
-        $z1 = $this->_subtract($z1, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
+        $z1 = self::_add($x1, false, $x0, false);
+        $temp = self::_add($y1, false, $y0, false);
+        $z1 = self::_karatsuba($z1[self::VALUE], $temp[self::VALUE]);
+        $temp = self::_add($z2, false, $z0, false);
+        $z1 = self::_subtract($z1, false, $temp[self::VALUE], false);
 
         $z2 = array_merge(array_fill(0, 2 * $m, 0), $z2);
-        $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_merge(array_fill(0, $m, 0), $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
+        $z1[self::VALUE] = array_merge(array_fill(0, $m, 0), $z1[self::VALUE]);
 
-        $xy = $this->_add($z2, false, $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]);
-        $xy = $this->_add($xy[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $xy[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $z0, false);
+        $xy = self::_add($z2, false, $z1[self::VALUE], $z1[self::SIGN]);
+        $xy = self::_add($xy[self::VALUE], $xy[self::SIGN], $z0, false);
 
-        return $xy[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        return $xy[self::VALUE];
     }
 
     /**
      * Performs squaring
      *
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _square($x = false)
+    static function _square($x = false)
     {
-        return count($x) < 2 * MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF ?
-            $this->_trim($this->_baseSquare($x)) :
-            $this->_trim($this->_karatsubaSquare($x));
+        return count($x) < 2 * self::KARATSUBA_CUTOFF ?
+            self::_trim(self::_baseSquare($x)) :
+            self::_trim(self::_karatsubaSquare($x));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1295,29 +1235,29 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=7 HAC 14.2.4} /
      * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=141 MPM 5.3} for more information.
      *
-     * @param Array $value
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $value
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _baseSquare($value)
+    static function _baseSquare($value)
     {
-        if ( empty($value) ) {
+        if (empty($value)) {
             return array();
         }
-        $square_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, 2 * count($value));
+        $square_value = self::_array_repeat(0, 2 * count($value));
 
         for ($i = 0, $max_index = count($value) - 1; $i <= $max_index; ++$i) {
             $i2 = $i << 1;
 
             $temp = $square_value[$i2] + $value[$i] * $value[$i];
-            $carry = (int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
-            $square_value[$i2] = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $carry);
+            $carry = self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31);
+            $square_value[$i2] = (int) ($temp - self::$baseFull * $carry);
 
             // note how we start from $i+1 instead of 0 as we do in multiplication.
             for ($j = $i + 1, $k = $i2 + 1; $j <= $max_index; ++$j, ++$k) {
                 $temp = $square_value[$k] + 2 * $value[$j] * $value[$i] + $carry;
-                $carry = (int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
-                $square_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $carry);
+                $carry = self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31);
+                $square_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - self::$baseFull * $carry);
             }
 
             // the following line can yield values larger 2**15.  at this point, PHP should switch
@@ -1334,36 +1274,36 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * See {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm Karatsuba algorithm} and
      * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=151 MPM 5.3.4}.
      *
-     * @param Array $value
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $value
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _karatsubaSquare($value)
+    static function _karatsubaSquare($value)
     {
         $m = count($value) >> 1;
 
-        if ($m < MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF) {
-            return $this->_baseSquare($value);
+        if ($m < self::KARATSUBA_CUTOFF) {
+            return self::_baseSquare($value);
         }
 
         $x1 = array_slice($value, $m);
         $x0 = array_slice($value, 0, $m);
 
-        $z2 = $this->_karatsubaSquare($x1);
-        $z0 = $this->_karatsubaSquare($x0);
+        $z2 = self::_karatsubaSquare($x1);
+        $z0 = self::_karatsubaSquare($x0);
 
-        $z1 = $this->_add($x1, false, $x0, false);
-        $z1 = $this->_karatsubaSquare($z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
-        $temp = $this->_add($z2, false, $z0, false);
-        $z1 = $this->_subtract($z1, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
+        $z1 = self::_add($x1, false, $x0, false);
+        $z1 = self::_karatsubaSquare($z1[self::VALUE]);
+        $temp = self::_add($z2, false, $z0, false);
+        $z1 = self::_subtract($z1, false, $temp[self::VALUE], false);
 
         $z2 = array_merge(array_fill(0, 2 * $m, 0), $z2);
-        $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_merge(array_fill(0, $m, 0), $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
+        $z1[self::VALUE] = array_merge(array_fill(0, $m, 0), $z1[self::VALUE]);
 
-        $xx = $this->_add($z2, false, $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]);
-        $xx = $this->_add($xx[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $xx[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $z0, false);
+        $xx = self::_add($z2, false, $z1[self::VALUE], $z1[self::SIGN]);
+        $xx = self::_add($xx[self::VALUE], $xx[self::SIGN], $z0, false);
 
-        return $xx[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        return $xx[self::VALUE];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1377,10 +1317,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('20');
      *
      *    list($quotient, $remainder) = $a->divide($b);
      *
@@ -1390,17 +1328,17 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $y
-     * @return Array
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $y
+     * @return array
      * @access public
      * @internal This function is based off of {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=9 HAC 14.20}.
      */
-    function divide($y)
+    function divide(BigInteger $y)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
-                $remainder = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $quotient = new static();
+                $remainder = new static();
 
                 list($quotient->value, $remainder->value) = gmp_div_qr($this->value, $y->value);
 
@@ -1409,9 +1347,9 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 }
 
                 return array($this->_normalize($quotient), $this->_normalize($remainder));
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
-                $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
-                $remainder = new Math_BigInteger();
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
+                $quotient = new static();
+                $remainder = new static();
 
                 $quotient->value = bcdiv($this->value, $y->value, 0);
                 $remainder->value = bcmod($this->value, $y->value);
@@ -1425,8 +1363,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         if (count($y->value) == 1) {
             list($q, $r) = $this->_divide_digit($this->value, $y->value[0]);
-            $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
-            $remainder = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $quotient = new static();
+            $remainder = new static();
             $quotient->value = $q;
             $remainder->value = array($r);
             $quotient->is_negative = $this->is_negative != $y->is_negative;
@@ -1434,12 +1372,12 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         }
 
         static $zero;
-        if ( !isset($zero) ) {
-            $zero = new Math_BigInteger();
+        if (!isset($zero)) {
+            $zero = new static();
         }
 
-        $x = $this->copy();
-        $y = $y->copy();
+        $x = clone $this;
+        $y = clone $y;
 
         $x_sign = $x->is_negative;
         $y_sign = $y->is_negative;
@@ -1448,24 +1386,24 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         $diff = $x->compare($y);
 
-        if ( !$diff ) {
-            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        if (!$diff) {
+            $temp = new static();
             $temp->value = array(1);
             $temp->is_negative = $x_sign != $y_sign;
-            return array($this->_normalize($temp), $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger()));
+            return array($this->_normalize($temp), $this->_normalize(new static()));
         }
 
-        if ( $diff < 0 ) {
+        if ($diff < 0) {
             // if $x is negative, "add" $y.
-            if ( $x_sign ) {
+            if ($x_sign) {
                 $x = $y->subtract($x);
             }
-            return array($this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger()), $this->_normalize($x));
+            return array($this->_normalize(new static()), $this->_normalize($x));
         }
 
         // normalize $x and $y as described in HAC 14.23 / 14.24
         $msb = $y->value[count($y->value) - 1];
-        for ($shift = 0; !($msb & MATH_BIGINTEGER_MSB); ++$shift) {
+        for ($shift = 0; !($msb & self::$msb); ++$shift) {
             $msb <<= 1;
         }
         $x->_lshift($shift);
@@ -1475,15 +1413,15 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $x_max = count($x->value) - 1;
         $y_max = count($y->value) - 1;
 
-        $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $quotient = new static();
         $quotient_value = &$quotient->value;
         $quotient_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $x_max - $y_max + 1);
 
         static $temp, $lhs, $rhs;
         if (!isset($temp)) {
-            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
-            $lhs =  new Math_BigInteger();
-            $rhs =  new Math_BigInteger();
+            $temp = new static();
+            $lhs =  new static();
+            $rhs =  new static();
         }
         $temp_value = &$temp->value;
         $rhs_value =  &$rhs->value;
@@ -1491,7 +1429,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         // $temp = $y << ($x_max - $y_max-1) in base 2**26
         $temp_value = array_merge($this->_array_repeat(0, $x_max - $y_max), $y_value);
 
-        while ( $x->compare($temp) >= 0 ) {
+        while ($x->compare($temp) >= 0) {
             // calculate the "common residue"
             ++$quotient_value[$x_max - $y_max];
             $x = $x->subtract($temp);
@@ -1507,16 +1445,15 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             );
             $y_window = array(
                 $y_value[$y_max],
-                ( $y_max > 0 ) ? $y_value[$y_max - 1] : 0
+                ($y_max > 0) ? $y_value[$y_max - 1] : 0
             );
 
             $q_index = $i - $y_max - 1;
             if ($x_window[0] == $y_window[0]) {
-                $quotient_value[$q_index] = MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT;
+                $quotient_value[$q_index] = self::$maxDigit;
             } else {
-                $quotient_value[$q_index] = (int) (
-                    ($x_window[0] * MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL + $x_window[1])
-                    /
+                $quotient_value[$q_index] = $this->_safe_divide(
+                    $x_window[0] * self::$baseFull + $x_window[1],
                     $y_window[0]
                 );
             }
@@ -1528,7 +1465,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
             $rhs_value = array($x_window[2], $x_window[1], $x_window[0]);
 
-            while ( $lhs->compare($rhs) > 0 ) {
+            while ($lhs->compare($rhs) > 0) {
                 --$quotient_value[$q_index];
 
                 $lhs->value = array($quotient_value[$q_index]);
@@ -1559,7 +1496,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $quotient->is_negative = $x_sign != $y_sign;
 
         // calculate the "common residue", if appropriate
-        if ( $x_sign ) {
+        if ($x_sign) {
             $y->_rshift($shift);
             $x = $y->subtract($x);
         }
@@ -1572,19 +1509,19 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * abc / x = a00 / x + b0 / x + c / x
      *
-     * @param Array $dividend
-     * @param Array $divisor
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $dividend
+     * @param array $divisor
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _divide_digit($dividend, $divisor)
+    static function _divide_digit($dividend, $divisor)
     {
         $carry = 0;
         $result = array();
 
         for ($i = count($dividend) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
-            $temp = MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $carry + $dividend[$i];
-            $result[$i] = (int) ($temp / $divisor);
+            $temp = self::$baseFull * $carry + $dividend[$i];
+            $result[$i] = self::_safe_divide($temp, $divisor);
             $carry = (int) ($temp - $divisor * $result[$i]);
         }
 
@@ -1597,11 +1534,9 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
-     *    $c = new Math_BigInteger('30');
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('20');
+     *    $c = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger('30');
      *
      *    $c = $a->modPow($b, $c);
      *
@@ -1609,9 +1544,9 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $e
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      * @internal The most naive approach to modular exponentiation has very unreasonable requirements, and
      *    and although the approach involving repeated squaring does vastly better, it, too, is impractical
@@ -1633,11 +1568,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *    the other, a power of two - and recombine them, later.  This is the method that this modPow function uses.
      *    {@link http://islab.oregonstate.edu/papers/j34monex.pdf Montgomery Reduction with Even Modulus} elaborates.
      */
-    function modPow($e, $n)
+    function modPow(BigInteger $e, BigInteger $n)
     {
         $n = $this->bitmask !== false && $this->bitmask->compare($n) < 0 ? $this->bitmask : $n->abs();
 
-        if ($e->compare(new Math_BigInteger()) < 0) {
+        if ($e->compare(new static()) < 0) {
             $e = $e->abs();
 
             $temp = $this->modInverse($n);
@@ -1648,14 +1583,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             return $this->_normalize($temp->modPow($e, $n));
         }
 
-        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP ) {
-            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == self::MODE_GMP) {
+            $temp = new static();
             $temp->value = gmp_powm($this->value, $e->value, $n->value);
 
             return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        if ($this->compare(new Math_BigInteger()) < 0 || $this->compare($n) > 0) {
+        if ($this->compare(new static()) < 0 || $this->compare($n) > 0) {
             list(, $temp) = $this->divide($n);
             return $temp->modPow($e, $n);
         }
@@ -1667,70 +1602,81 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             );
 
             $components = array(
-                'modulus' => pack('Ca*a*', 2, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['modulus'])), $components['modulus']),
-                'publicExponent' => pack('Ca*a*', 2, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['publicExponent'])), $components['publicExponent'])
+                'modulus' => pack('Ca*a*', 2, self::_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['modulus'])), $components['modulus']),
+                'publicExponent' => pack('Ca*a*', 2, self::_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['publicExponent'])), $components['publicExponent'])
             );
 
-            $RSAPublicKey = pack('Ca*a*a*',
-                48, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['modulus']) + strlen($components['publicExponent'])),
-                $components['modulus'], $components['publicExponent']
+            $RSAPublicKey = pack(
+                'Ca*a*a*',
+                48,
+                self::_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['modulus']) + strlen($components['publicExponent'])),
+                $components['modulus'],
+                $components['publicExponent']
             );
 
-            $rsaOID = pack('H*', '300d06092a864886f70d0101010500'); // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
+            $rsaOID = "\x30\x0d\x06\x09\x2a\x86\x48\x86\xf7\x0d\x01\x01\x01\x05\x00"; // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
             $RSAPublicKey = chr(0) . $RSAPublicKey;
-            $RSAPublicKey = chr(3) . $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($RSAPublicKey)) . $RSAPublicKey;
+            $RSAPublicKey = chr(3) . self::_encodeASN1Length(strlen($RSAPublicKey)) . $RSAPublicKey;
 
-            $encapsulated = pack('Ca*a*',
-                48, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey)), $rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey
+            $encapsulated = pack(
+                'Ca*a*',
+                48,
+                self::_encodeASN1Length(strlen($rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey)),
+                $rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey
             );
 
             $RSAPublicKey = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
-                             chunk_split(base64_encode($encapsulated)) .
+                             chunk_split(Base64::encode($encapsulated)) .
                              '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
 
             $plaintext = str_pad($this->toBytes(), strlen($n->toBytes(true)) - 1, "\0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
 
             if (openssl_public_encrypt($plaintext, $result, $RSAPublicKey, OPENSSL_NO_PADDING)) {
-                return new Math_BigInteger($result, 256);
+                return new static($result, 256);
             }
         }
 
-        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
-                $temp->value = bcpowmod($this->value, $e->value, $n->value, 0);
+        if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == self::MODE_BCMATH) {
+            $temp = new static();
+            $temp->value = bcpowmod($this->value, $e->value, $n->value, 0);
 
-                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+            return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        if ( empty($e->value) ) {
-            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        if (empty($e->value)) {
+            $temp = new static();
             $temp->value = array(1);
             return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        if ( $e->value == array(1) ) {
+        if ($e->value == array(1)) {
             list(, $temp) = $this->divide($n);
             return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        if ( $e->value == array(2) ) {
-            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
-            $temp->value = $this->_square($this->value);
+        if ($e->value == array(2)) {
+            $temp = new static();
+            $temp->value = self::_square($this->value);
             list(, $temp) = $temp->divide($n);
             return $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
-        return $this->_normalize($this->_slidingWindow($e, $n, MATH_BIGINTEGER_BARRETT));
+        return $this->_normalize($this->_slidingWindow($e, $n, self::BARRETT));
+
+        // the following code, although not callable, can be run independently of the above code
+        // although the above code performed better in my benchmarks the following could might
+        // perform better under different circumstances. in lieu of deleting it it's just been
+        // made uncallable
 
         // is the modulo odd?
-        if ( $n->value[0] & 1 ) {
-            return $this->_normalize($this->_slidingWindow($e, $n, MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY));
+        if ($n->value[0] & 1) {
+            return $this->_normalize($this->_slidingWindow($e, $n, self::MONTGOMERY));
         }
         // if it's not, it's even
 
         // find the lowest set bit (eg. the max pow of 2 that divides $n)
         for ($i = 0; $i < count($n->value); ++$i) {
-            if ( $n->value[$i] ) {
+            if ($n->value[$i]) {
                 $temp = decbin($n->value[$i]);
                 $j = strlen($temp) - strrpos($temp, '1') - 1;
                 $j+= 26 * $i;
@@ -1739,14 +1685,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         }
         // at this point, 2^$j * $n/(2^$j) == $n
 
-        $mod1 = $n->copy();
+        $mod1 = clone $n;
         $mod1->_rshift($j);
-        $mod2 = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $mod2 = new static();
         $mod2->value = array(1);
         $mod2->_lshift($j);
 
-        $part1 = ( $mod1->value != array(1) ) ? $this->_slidingWindow($e, $mod1, MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) : new Math_BigInteger();
-        $part2 = $this->_slidingWindow($e, $mod2, MATH_BIGINTEGER_POWEROF2);
+        $part1 = ($mod1->value != array(1)) ? $this->_slidingWindow($e, $mod1, self::MONTGOMERY) : new static();
+        $part2 = $this->_slidingWindow($e, $mod2, self::POWEROF2);
 
         $y1 = $mod2->modInverse($mod1);
         $y2 = $mod1->modInverse($mod2);
@@ -1766,14 +1712,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Performs modular exponentiation.
      *
-     * Alias for Math_BigInteger::modPow()
+     * Alias for modPow().
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $e
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
-    function powMod($e, $n)
+    function powMod(BigInteger $e, BigInteger $n)
     {
         return $this->modPow($e, $n);
     }
@@ -1786,10 +1732,10 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * however, this function performs a modular reduction after every multiplication and squaring operation.
      * As such, this function has the same preconditions that the reductions being used do.
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $e
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $e
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access private
      */
     function _slidingWindow($e, $n, $mode)
@@ -1801,56 +1747,58 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $e_length = count($e_value) - 1;
         $e_bits = decbin($e_value[$e_length]);
         for ($i = $e_length - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
-            $e_bits.= str_pad(decbin($e_value[$i]), MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
+            $e_bits.= str_pad(decbin($e_value[$i]), self::$base, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
         }
 
         $e_length = strlen($e_bits);
 
         // calculate the appropriate window size.
         // $window_size == 3 if $window_ranges is between 25 and 81, for example.
-        for ($i = 0, $window_size = 1; $e_length > $window_ranges[$i] && $i < count($window_ranges); ++$window_size, ++$i);
+        for ($i = 0, $window_size = 1; $i < count($window_ranges) && $e_length > $window_ranges[$i]; ++$window_size, ++$i) {
+        }
 
         $n_value = $n->value;
 
         // precompute $this^0 through $this^$window_size
         $powers = array();
-        $powers[1] = $this->_prepareReduce($this->value, $n_value, $mode);
-        $powers[2] = $this->_squareReduce($powers[1], $n_value, $mode);
+        $powers[1] = self::_prepareReduce($this->value, $n_value, $mode);
+        $powers[2] = self::_squareReduce($powers[1], $n_value, $mode);
 
         // we do every other number since substr($e_bits, $i, $j+1) (see below) is supposed to end
         // in a 1.  ie. it's supposed to be odd.
         $temp = 1 << ($window_size - 1);
         for ($i = 1; $i < $temp; ++$i) {
             $i2 = $i << 1;
-            $powers[$i2 + 1] = $this->_multiplyReduce($powers[$i2 - 1], $powers[2], $n_value, $mode);
+            $powers[$i2 + 1] = self::_multiplyReduce($powers[$i2 - 1], $powers[2], $n_value, $mode);
         }
 
         $result = array(1);
-        $result = $this->_prepareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+        $result = self::_prepareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
 
-        for ($i = 0; $i < $e_length; ) {
-            if ( !$e_bits[$i] ) {
-                $result = $this->_squareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $e_length;) {
+            if (!$e_bits[$i]) {
+                $result = self::_squareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
                 ++$i;
             } else {
                 for ($j = $window_size - 1; $j > 0; --$j) {
-                    if ( !empty($e_bits[$i + $j]) ) {
+                    if (!empty($e_bits[$i + $j])) {
                         break;
                     }
                 }
 
-                for ($k = 0; $k <= $j; ++$k) {// eg. the length of substr($e_bits, $i, $j+1)
-                    $result = $this->_squareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+                // eg. the length of substr($e_bits, $i, $j + 1)
+                for ($k = 0; $k <= $j; ++$k) {
+                    $result = self::_squareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
                 }
 
-                $result = $this->_multiplyReduce($result, $powers[bindec(substr($e_bits, $i, $j + 1))], $n_value, $mode);
+                $result = self::_multiplyReduce($result, $powers[bindec(substr($e_bits, $i, $j + 1))], $n_value, $mode);
 
-                $i+=$j + 1;
+                $i += $j + 1;
             }
         }
 
-        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $temp->value = $this->_reduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+        $temp = new static();
+        $temp->value = self::_reduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
 
         return $temp;
     }
@@ -1860,34 +1808,34 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * For most $modes this will return the remainder.
      *
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $n
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _reduce($x, $n, $mode)
+    static function _reduce($x, $n, $mode)
     {
         switch ($mode) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY:
-                return $this->_montgomery($x, $n);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_BARRETT:
-                return $this->_barrett($x, $n);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_POWEROF2:
-                $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            case self::MONTGOMERY:
+                return self::_montgomery($x, $n);
+            case self::BARRETT:
+                return self::_barrett($x, $n);
+            case self::POWEROF2:
+                $lhs = new static();
                 $lhs->value = $x;
-                $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $rhs = new static();
                 $rhs->value = $n;
                 return $x->_mod2($n);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_CLASSIC:
-                $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            case self::CLASSIC:
+                $lhs = new static();
                 $lhs->value = $x;
-                $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $rhs = new static();
                 $rhs->value = $n;
                 list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
                 return $temp->value;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_NONE:
+            case self::NONE:
                 return $x;
             default:
                 // an invalid $mode was provided
@@ -1897,57 +1845,57 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Modular reduction preperation
      *
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $n
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _prepareReduce($x, $n, $mode)
+    static function _prepareReduce($x, $n, $mode)
     {
-        if ($mode == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) {
-            return $this->_prepMontgomery($x, $n);
+        if ($mode == self::MONTGOMERY) {
+            return self::_prepMontgomery($x, $n);
         }
-        return $this->_reduce($x, $n, $mode);
+        return self::_reduce($x, $n, $mode);
     }
 
     /**
      * Modular multiply
      *
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $y
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $y
+     * @param array $n
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _multiplyReduce($x, $y, $n, $mode)
+    static function _multiplyReduce($x, $y, $n, $mode)
     {
-        if ($mode == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) {
-            return $this->_montgomeryMultiply($x, $y, $n);
+        if ($mode == self::MONTGOMERY) {
+            return self::_montgomeryMultiply($x, $y, $n);
         }
-        $temp = $this->_multiply($x, false, $y, false);
-        return $this->_reduce($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $n, $mode);
+        $temp = self::_multiply($x, false, $y, false);
+        return self::_reduce($temp[self::VALUE], $n, $mode);
     }
 
     /**
      * Modular square
      *
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @param Integer $mode
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $n
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _squareReduce($x, $n, $mode)
+    static function _squareReduce($x, $n, $mode)
     {
-        if ($mode == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) {
-            return $this->_montgomeryMultiply($x, $x, $n);
+        if ($mode == self::MONTGOMERY) {
+            return self::_montgomeryMultiply($x, $x, $n);
         }
-        return $this->_reduce($this->_square($x), $n, $mode);
+        return self::_reduce(self::_square($x), $n, $mode);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1956,14 +1904,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Calculates $x%$n, where $n = 2**$e, for some $e.  Since this is basically the same as doing $x & ($n-1),
      * we'll just use this function as a wrapper for doing that.
      *
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Math_BigInteger
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function _mod2($n)
     {
-        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $temp = new static();
         $temp->value = array(1);
         return $this->bitwise_and($n->subtract($temp));
     }
@@ -1986,25 +1934,25 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * (x >> 1) + (x >> 1) != x / 2 + x / 2.  If x is even, they're the same, but if x is odd, they're not.  See the in-line
      * comments for details.
      *
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @param Array $m
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $n
+     * @param array $m
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _barrett($n, $m)
+    static function _barrett($n, $m)
     {
         static $cache = array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+            self::VARIABLE => array(),
+            self::DATA => array()
         );
 
         $m_length = count($m);
 
-        // if ($this->_compare($n, $this->_square($m)) >= 0) {
+        // if (self::_compare($n, self::_square($m)) >= 0) {
         if (count($n) > 2 * $m_length) {
-            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
-            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs = new static();
+            $rhs = new static();
             $lhs->value = $n;
             $rhs->value = $m;
             list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
@@ -2013,140 +1961,140 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         // if (m.length >> 1) + 2 <= m.length then m is too small and n can't be reduced
         if ($m_length < 5) {
-            return $this->_regularBarrett($n, $m);
+            return self::_regularBarrett($n, $m);
         }
 
         // n = 2 * m.length
 
-        if ( ($key = array_search($m, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
-            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $m;
+        if (($key = array_search($m, $cache[self::VARIABLE])) === false) {
+            $key = count($cache[self::VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[self::VARIABLE][] = $m;
 
-            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs = new static();
             $lhs_value = &$lhs->value;
-            $lhs_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $m_length + ($m_length >> 1));
+            $lhs_value = self::_array_repeat(0, $m_length + ($m_length >> 1));
             $lhs_value[] = 1;
-            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $rhs = new static();
             $rhs->value = $m;
 
             list($u, $m1) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
             $u = $u->value;
             $m1 = $m1->value;
 
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = array(
+            $cache[self::DATA][] = array(
                 'u' => $u, // m.length >> 1 (technically (m.length >> 1) + 1)
                 'm1'=> $m1 // m.length
             );
         } else {
-            extract($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key]);
+            extract($cache[self::DATA][$key]);
         }
 
         $cutoff = $m_length + ($m_length >> 1);
         $lsd = array_slice($n, 0, $cutoff); // m.length + (m.length >> 1)
         $msd = array_slice($n, $cutoff);    // m.length >> 1
-        $lsd = $this->_trim($lsd);
-        $temp = $this->_multiply($msd, false, $m1, false);
-        $n = $this->_add($lsd, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false); // m.length + (m.length >> 1) + 1
+        $lsd = self::_trim($lsd);
+        $temp = self::_multiply($msd, false, $m1, false);
+        $n = self::_add($lsd, false, $temp[self::VALUE], false); // m.length + (m.length >> 1) + 1
 
         if ($m_length & 1) {
-            return $this->_regularBarrett($n[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $m);
+            return self::_regularBarrett($n[self::VALUE], $m);
         }
 
         // (m.length + (m.length >> 1) + 1) - (m.length - 1) == (m.length >> 1) + 2
-        $temp = array_slice($n[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $m_length - 1);
+        $temp = array_slice($n[self::VALUE], $m_length - 1);
         // if even: ((m.length >> 1) + 2) + (m.length >> 1) == m.length + 2
         // if odd:  ((m.length >> 1) + 2) + (m.length >> 1) == (m.length - 1) + 2 == m.length + 1
-        $temp = $this->_multiply($temp, false, $u, false);
+        $temp = self::_multiply($temp, false, $u, false);
         // if even: (m.length + 2) - ((m.length >> 1) + 1) = m.length - (m.length >> 1) + 1
         // if odd:  (m.length + 1) - ((m.length >> 1) + 1) = m.length - (m.length >> 1)
-        $temp = array_slice($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], ($m_length >> 1) + 1);
+        $temp = array_slice($temp[self::VALUE], ($m_length >> 1) + 1);
         // if even: (m.length - (m.length >> 1) + 1) + m.length = 2 * m.length - (m.length >> 1) + 1
         // if odd:  (m.length - (m.length >> 1)) + m.length     = 2 * m.length - (m.length >> 1)
-        $temp = $this->_multiply($temp, false, $m, false);
+        $temp = self::_multiply($temp, false, $m, false);
 
         // at this point, if m had an odd number of digits, we'd be subtracting a 2 * m.length - (m.length >> 1) digit
         // number from a m.length + (m.length >> 1) + 1 digit number.  ie. there'd be an extra digit and the while loop
         // following this comment would loop a lot (hence our calling _regularBarrett() in that situation).
 
-        $result = $this->_subtract($n[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
+        $result = self::_subtract($n[self::VALUE], false, $temp[self::VALUE], false);
 
-        while ($this->_compare($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $m, false) >= 0) {
-            $result = $this->_subtract($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $m, false);
+        while (self::_compare($result[self::VALUE], $result[self::SIGN], $m, false) >= 0) {
+            $result = self::_subtract($result[self::VALUE], $result[self::SIGN], $m, false);
         }
 
-        return $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        return $result[self::VALUE];
     }
 
     /**
      * (Regular) Barrett Modular Reduction
      *
-     * For numbers with more than four digits Math_BigInteger::_barrett() is faster.  The difference between that and this
+     * For numbers with more than four digits BigInteger::_barrett() is faster.  The difference between that and this
      * is that this function does not fold the denominator into a smaller form.
      *
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $n
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _regularBarrett($x, $n)
+    static function _regularBarrett($x, $n)
     {
         static $cache = array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+            self::VARIABLE => array(),
+            self::DATA => array()
         );
 
         $n_length = count($n);
 
         if (count($x) > 2 * $n_length) {
-            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
-            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs = new static();
+            $rhs = new static();
             $lhs->value = $x;
             $rhs->value = $n;
             list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
             return $temp->value;
         }
 
-        if ( ($key = array_search($n, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
-            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $n;
-            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+        if (($key = array_search($n, $cache[self::VARIABLE])) === false) {
+            $key = count($cache[self::VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[self::VARIABLE][] = $n;
+            $lhs = new static();
             $lhs_value = &$lhs->value;
-            $lhs_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, 2 * $n_length);
+            $lhs_value = self::_array_repeat(0, 2 * $n_length);
             $lhs_value[] = 1;
-            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $rhs = new static();
             $rhs->value = $n;
             list($temp, ) = $lhs->divide($rhs); // m.length
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = $temp->value;
+            $cache[self::DATA][] = $temp->value;
         }
 
         // 2 * m.length - (m.length - 1) = m.length + 1
         $temp = array_slice($x, $n_length - 1);
         // (m.length + 1) + m.length = 2 * m.length + 1
-        $temp = $this->_multiply($temp, false, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key], false);
+        $temp = self::_multiply($temp, false, $cache[self::DATA][$key], false);
         // (2 * m.length + 1) - (m.length - 1) = m.length + 2
-        $temp = array_slice($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $n_length + 1);
+        $temp = array_slice($temp[self::VALUE], $n_length + 1);
 
         // m.length + 1
         $result = array_slice($x, 0, $n_length + 1);
         // m.length + 1
-        $temp = $this->_multiplyLower($temp, false, $n, false, $n_length + 1);
-        // $temp == array_slice($temp->_multiply($temp, false, $n, false)->value, 0, $n_length + 1)
+        $temp = self::_multiplyLower($temp, false, $n, false, $n_length + 1);
+        // $temp == array_slice(self::_multiply($temp, false, $n, false)->value, 0, $n_length + 1)
 
-        if ($this->_compare($result, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]) < 0) {
-            $corrector_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $n_length + 1);
-            $corrector_value[] = 1;
-            $result = $this->_add($result, false, $corrector_value, false);
-            $result = $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        if (self::_compare($result, false, $temp[self::VALUE], $temp[self::SIGN]) < 0) {
+            $corrector_value = self::_array_repeat(0, $n_length + 1);
+            $corrector_value[count($corrector_value)] = 1;
+            $result = self::_add($result, false, $corrector_value, false);
+            $result = $result[self::VALUE];
         }
 
         // at this point, we're subtracting a number with m.length + 1 digits from another number with m.length + 1 digits
-        $result = $this->_subtract($result, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]);
-        while ($this->_compare($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $n, false) > 0) {
-            $result = $this->_subtract($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $n, false);
+        $result = self::_subtract($result, false, $temp[self::VALUE], $temp[self::SIGN]);
+        while (self::_compare($result[self::VALUE], $result[self::SIGN], $n, false) > 0) {
+            $result = self::_subtract($result[self::VALUE], $result[self::SIGN], $n, false);
         }
 
-        return $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        return $result[self::VALUE];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2154,28 +2102,28 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * If you're going to be doing array_slice($product->value, 0, $stop), some cycles can be saved.
      *
-     * @see _regularBarrett()
-     * @param Array $x_value
-     * @param Boolean $x_negative
-     * @param Array $y_value
-     * @param Boolean $y_negative
-     * @param Integer $stop
-     * @return Array
+     * @see self::_regularBarrett()
+     * @param array $x_value
+     * @param bool $x_negative
+     * @param array $y_value
+     * @param bool $y_negative
+     * @param int $stop
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _multiplyLower($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative, $stop)
+    static function _multiplyLower($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative, $stop)
     {
         $x_length = count($x_value);
         $y_length = count($y_value);
 
-        if ( !$x_length || !$y_length ) { // a 0 is being multiplied
+        if (!$x_length || !$y_length) { // a 0 is being multiplied
             return array(
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
-                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+                self::VALUE => array(),
+                self::SIGN => false
             );
         }
 
-        if ( $x_length < $y_length ) {
+        if ($x_length < $y_length) {
             $temp = $x_value;
             $x_value = $y_value;
             $y_value = $temp;
@@ -2184,7 +2132,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             $y_length = count($y_value);
         }
 
-        $product_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $x_length + $y_length);
+        $product_value = self::_array_repeat(0, $x_length + $y_length);
 
         // the following for loop could be removed if the for loop following it
         // (the one with nested for loops) initially set $i to 0, but
@@ -2196,8 +2144,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         for ($j = 0; $j < $x_length; ++$j) { // ie. $i = 0, $k = $i
             $temp = $x_value[$j] * $y_value[0] + $carry; // $product_value[$k] == 0
-            $carry = (int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
-            $product_value[$j] = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $carry);
+            $carry = self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31);
+            $product_value[$j] = (int) ($temp - self::$baseFull * $carry);
         }
 
         if ($j < $stop) {
@@ -2212,8 +2160,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
             for ($j = 0, $k = $i; $j < $x_length && $k < $stop; ++$j, ++$k) {
                 $temp = $product_value[$k] + $x_value[$j] * $y_value[$i] + $carry;
-                $carry = (int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
-                $product_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * $carry);
+                $carry = self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31);
+                $product_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - self::$baseFull * $carry);
             }
 
             if ($k < $stop) {
@@ -2222,8 +2170,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         }
 
         return array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_trim($product_value),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative != $y_negative
+            self::VALUE => self::_trim($product_value),
+            self::SIGN => $x_negative != $y_negative
         );
     }
 
@@ -2235,112 +2183,117 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * improved upon (basically, by using the comba method).  gcd($n, 2) must be equal to one for this function
      * to work correctly.
      *
-     * @see _prepMontgomery()
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_prepMontgomery()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $n
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _montgomery($x, $n)
+    static function _montgomery($x, $n)
     {
         static $cache = array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+            self::VARIABLE => array(),
+            self::DATA => array()
         );
 
-        if ( ($key = array_search($n, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
-            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $x;
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = $this->_modInverse67108864($n);
+        if (($key = array_search($n, $cache[self::VARIABLE])) === false) {
+            $key = count($cache[self::VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[self::VARIABLE][] = $x;
+            $cache[self::DATA][] = self::_modInverse67108864($n);
         }
 
         $k = count($n);
 
-        $result = array(MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $x);
+        $result = array(self::VALUE => $x);
 
         for ($i = 0; $i < $k; ++$i) {
-            $temp = $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE][$i] * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key];
-            $temp = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * ((int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL)));
-            $temp = $this->_regularMultiply(array($temp), $n);
+            $temp = $result[self::VALUE][$i] * $cache[self::DATA][$key];
+            $temp = $temp - self::$baseFull * (self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31));
+            $temp = self::_regularMultiply(array($temp), $n);
             $temp = array_merge($this->_array_repeat(0, $i), $temp);
-            $result = $this->_add($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $temp, false);
+            $result = self::_add($result[self::VALUE], false, $temp, false);
         }
 
-        $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_slice($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $k);
+        $result[self::VALUE] = array_slice($result[self::VALUE], $k);
 
-        if ($this->_compare($result, false, $n, false) >= 0) {
-            $result = $this->_subtract($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $n, false);
+        if (self::_compare($result, false, $n, false) >= 0) {
+            $result = self::_subtract($result[self::VALUE], false, $n, false);
         }
 
-        return $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        return $result[self::VALUE];
     }
 
     /**
      * Montgomery Multiply
      *
-     * Interleaves the montgomery reduction and long multiplication algorithms together as described in 
+     * Interleaves the montgomery reduction and long multiplication algorithms together as described in
      * {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=13 HAC 14.36}
      *
-     * @see _prepMontgomery()
-     * @see _montgomery()
+     * @see self::_prepMontgomery()
+     * @see self::_montgomery()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $y
-     * @param Array $m
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $y
+     * @param array $m
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _montgomeryMultiply($x, $y, $m)
+    static function _montgomeryMultiply($x, $y, $m)
     {
-        $temp = $this->_multiply($x, false, $y, false);
-        return $this->_montgomery($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $m);
+        $temp = self::_multiply($x, false, $y, false);
+        return self::_montgomery($temp[self::VALUE], $m);
+
+        // the following code, although not callable, can be run independently of the above code
+        // although the above code performed better in my benchmarks the following could might
+        // perform better under different circumstances. in lieu of deleting it it's just been
+        // made uncallable
 
         static $cache = array(
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
-            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+            self::VARIABLE => array(),
+            self::DATA => array()
         );
 
-        if ( ($key = array_search($m, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
-            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $m;
-            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = $this->_modInverse67108864($m);
+        if (($key = array_search($m, $cache[self::VARIABLE])) === false) {
+            $key = count($cache[self::VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[self::VARIABLE][] = $m;
+            $cache[self::DATA][] = self::_modInverse67108864($m);
         }
 
         $n = max(count($x), count($y), count($m));
         $x = array_pad($x, $n, 0);
         $y = array_pad($y, $n, 0);
         $m = array_pad($m, $n, 0);
-        $a = array(MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_array_repeat(0, $n + 1));
+        $a = array(self::VALUE => self::_array_repeat(0, $n + 1));
         for ($i = 0; $i < $n; ++$i) {
-            $temp = $a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE][0] + $x[$i] * $y[0];
-            $temp = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * ((int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL)));
-            $temp = $temp * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key];
-            $temp = (int) ($temp - MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL * ((int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL)));
-            $temp = $this->_add($this->_regularMultiply(array($x[$i]), $y), false, $this->_regularMultiply(array($temp), $m), false);
-            $a = $this->_add($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
-            $a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_slice($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], 1);
+            $temp = $a[self::VALUE][0] + $x[$i] * $y[0];
+            $temp = $temp - self::$baseFull * (self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31));
+            $temp = $temp * $cache[self::DATA][$key];
+            $temp = $temp - self::$baseFull * (self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31));
+            $temp = self::_add(self::_regularMultiply(array($x[$i]), $y), false, self::_regularMultiply(array($temp), $m), false);
+            $a = self::_add($a[self::VALUE], false, $temp[self::VALUE], false);
+            $a[self::VALUE] = array_slice($a[self::VALUE], 1);
         }
-        if ($this->_compare($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $m, false) >= 0) {
-            $a = $this->_subtract($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $m, false);
+        if (self::_compare($a[self::VALUE], false, $m, false) >= 0) {
+            $a = self::_subtract($a[self::VALUE], false, $m, false);
         }
-        return $a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        return $a[self::VALUE];
     }
 
     /**
      * Prepare a number for use in Montgomery Modular Reductions
      *
-     * @see _montgomery()
-     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @see self::_montgomery()
+     * @see self::_slidingWindow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @param Array $n
-     * @return Array
+     * @param array $x
+     * @param array $n
+     * @return array
      */
-    function _prepMontgomery($x, $n)
+    static function _prepMontgomery($x, $n)
     {
-        $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $lhs->value = array_merge($this->_array_repeat(0, count($n)), $x);
-        $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $lhs = new static();
+        $lhs->value = array_merge(self::_array_repeat(0, count($n)), $x);
+        $rhs = new static();
         $rhs->value = $n;
 
         list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
@@ -2359,7 +2312,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * {@link http://groups.google.com/group/sci.crypt/msg/7a137205c1be7d85}
      *
      * As for why we do all the bitmasking...  strange things can happen when converting from floats to ints. For
-     * instance, on some computers, var_dump((int) -4294967297) yields int(-1) and on others, it yields 
+     * instance, on some computers, var_dump((int) -4294967297) yields int(-1) and on others, it yields
      * int(-2147483648).  To avoid problems stemming from this, we use bitmasks to guarantee that ints aren't
      * auto-converted to floats.  The outermost bitmask is present because without it, there's no guarantee that
      * the "residue" returned would be the so-called "common residue".  We use fmod, in the last step, because the
@@ -2368,10 +2321,10 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Thanks to Pedro Gimeno Fortea for input!
      *
-     * @see _montgomery()
+     * @see self::_montgomery()
      * @access private
-     * @param Array $x
-     * @return Integer
+     * @param array $x
+     * @return int
      */
     function _modInverse67108864($x) // 2**26 == 67,108,864
     {
@@ -2380,8 +2333,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $result = ($result * (2 - $x * $result)) & 0xF; // x**-1 mod 2**4
         $result = ($result * (2 - ($x & 0xFF) * $result))  & 0xFF; // x**-1 mod 2**8
         $result = ($result * ((2 - ($x & 0xFFFF) * $result) & 0xFFFF)) & 0xFFFF; // x**-1 mod 2**16
-        $result = fmod($result * (2 - fmod($x * $result, MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL)), MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL); // x**-1 mod 2**26
-        return $result & MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT;
+        $result = fmod($result * (2 - fmod($x * $result, self::$baseFull)), self::$baseFull); // x**-1 mod 2**26
+        return $result & self::$maxDigit;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2392,10 +2345,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(30);
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(17);
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(30);
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(17);
      *
      *    $c = $a->modInverse($b);
      *    echo $c->toString(); // outputs 4
@@ -2408,25 +2359,25 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
-     * @return mixed false, if no modular inverse exists, Math_BigInteger, otherwise.
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger|false
      * @access public
      * @internal See {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=21 HAC 14.64} for more information.
      */
-    function modInverse($n)
+    function modInverse(BigInteger $n)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = gmp_invert($this->value, $n->value);
 
-                return ( $temp->value === false ) ? false : $this->_normalize($temp);
+                return ($temp->value === false) ? false : $this->_normalize($temp);
         }
 
         static $zero, $one;
         if (!isset($zero)) {
-            $zero = new Math_BigInteger();
-            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+            $zero = new static();
+            $one = new static(1);
         }
 
         // $x mod -$n == $x mod $n.
@@ -2460,10 +2411,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(693);
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(609);
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(693);
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(609);
      *
      *    extract($a->extendedGCD($b));
      *
@@ -2472,25 +2421,25 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      * @internal Calculates the GCD using the binary xGCD algorithim described in
      *    {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=19 HAC 14.61}.  As the text above 14.61 notes,
      *    the more traditional algorithim requires "relatively costly multiple-precision divisions".
      */
-    function extendedGCD($n)
+    function extendedGCD(BigInteger $n)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 extract(gmp_gcdext($this->value, $n->value));
 
                 return array(
-                    'gcd' => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($g)),
-                    'x'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($s)),
-                    'y'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($t))
+                    'gcd' => $this->_normalize(new static($g)),
+                    'x'   => $this->_normalize(new static($s)),
+                    'y'   => $this->_normalize(new static($t))
                 );
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 // it might be faster to use the binary xGCD algorithim here, as well, but (1) that algorithim works
                 // best when the base is a power of 2 and (2) i don't think it'd make much difference, anyway.  as is,
                 // the basic extended euclidean algorithim is what we're using.
@@ -2520,38 +2469,38 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 }
 
                 return array(
-                    'gcd' => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($u)),
-                    'x'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($a)),
-                    'y'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($b))
+                    'gcd' => $this->_normalize(new static($u)),
+                    'x'   => $this->_normalize(new static($a)),
+                    'y'   => $this->_normalize(new static($b))
                 );
         }
 
-        $y = $n->copy();
-        $x = $this->copy();
-        $g = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $y = clone $n;
+        $x = clone $this;
+        $g = new static();
         $g->value = array(1);
 
-        while ( !(($x->value[0] & 1)|| ($y->value[0] & 1)) ) {
+        while (!(($x->value[0] & 1)|| ($y->value[0] & 1))) {
             $x->_rshift(1);
             $y->_rshift(1);
             $g->_lshift(1);
         }
 
-        $u = $x->copy();
-        $v = $y->copy();
+        $u = clone $x;
+        $v = clone $y;
 
-        $a = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $b = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $c = new Math_BigInteger();
-        $d = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $a = new static();
+        $b = new static();
+        $c = new static();
+        $d = new static();
 
         $a->value = $d->value = $g->value = array(1);
         $b->value = $c->value = array();
 
-        while ( !empty($u->value) ) {
-            while ( !($u->value[0] & 1) ) {
+        while (!empty($u->value)) {
+            while (!($u->value[0] & 1)) {
                 $u->_rshift(1);
-                if ( (!empty($a->value) && ($a->value[0] & 1)) || (!empty($b->value) && ($b->value[0] & 1)) ) {
+                if ((!empty($a->value) && ($a->value[0] & 1)) || (!empty($b->value) && ($b->value[0] & 1))) {
                     $a = $a->add($y);
                     $b = $b->subtract($x);
                 }
@@ -2559,9 +2508,9 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $b->_rshift(1);
             }
 
-            while ( !($v->value[0] & 1) ) {
+            while (!($v->value[0] & 1)) {
                 $v->_rshift(1);
-                if ( (!empty($d->value) && ($d->value[0] & 1)) || (!empty($c->value) && ($c->value[0] & 1)) ) {
+                if ((!empty($d->value) && ($d->value[0] & 1)) || (!empty($c->value) && ($c->value[0] & 1))) {
                     $c = $c->add($y);
                     $d = $d->subtract($x);
                 }
@@ -2595,10 +2544,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Here's an example:
      * <code>
      * <?php
-     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
-     *
-     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(693);
-     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(609);
+     *    $a = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(693);
+     *    $b = new \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger(609);
      *
      *    $gcd = a->extendedGCD($b);
      *
@@ -2606,11 +2553,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * ?>
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $n
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
-    function gcd($n)
+    function gcd(BigInteger $n)
     {
         extract($this->extendedGCD($n));
         return $gcd;
@@ -2619,18 +2566,18 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Absolute value.
      *
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
     function abs()
     {
-        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $temp = new static();
 
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 $temp->value = gmp_abs($this->value);
                 break;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 $temp->value = (bccomp($this->value, '0', 0) < 0) ? substr($this->value, 1) : $this->value;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -2652,45 +2599,45 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Note how the same comparison operator is used.  If you want to test for equality, use $x->equals($y).
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $y
-     * @return Integer < 0 if $this is less than $y; > 0 if $this is greater than $y, and 0 if they are equal.
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $y
+     * @return int < 0 if $this is less than $y; > 0 if $this is greater than $y, and 0 if they are equal.
      * @access public
-     * @see equals()
+     * @see self::equals()
      * @internal Could return $this->subtract($x), but that's not as fast as what we do do.
      */
-    function compare($y)
+    function compare(BigInteger $y)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 return gmp_cmp($this->value, $y->value);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 return bccomp($this->value, $y->value, 0);
         }
 
-        return $this->_compare($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
+        return self::_compare($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
     }
 
     /**
      * Compares two numbers.
      *
-     * @param Array $x_value
-     * @param Boolean $x_negative
-     * @param Array $y_value
-     * @param Boolean $y_negative
-     * @return Integer
-     * @see compare()
+     * @param array $x_value
+     * @param bool $x_negative
+     * @param array $y_value
+     * @param bool $y_negative
+     * @return int
+     * @see self::compare()
      * @access private
      */
-    function _compare($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    static function _compare($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
     {
-        if ( $x_negative != $y_negative ) {
-            return ( !$x_negative && $y_negative ) ? 1 : -1;
+        if ($x_negative != $y_negative) {
+            return (!$x_negative && $y_negative) ? 1 : -1;
         }
 
         $result = $x_negative ? -1 : 1;
 
-        if ( count($x_value) != count($y_value) ) {
-            return ( count($x_value) > count($y_value) ) ? $result : -$result;
+        if (count($x_value) != count($y_value)) {
+            return (count($x_value) > count($y_value)) ? $result : -$result;
         }
         $size = max(count($x_value), count($y_value));
 
@@ -2699,7 +2646,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         for ($i = count($x_value) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
             if ($x_value[$i] != $y_value[$i]) {
-                return ( $x_value[$i] > $y_value[$i] ) ? $result : -$result;
+                return ($x_value[$i] > $y_value[$i]) ? $result : -$result;
             }
         }
 
@@ -2709,17 +2656,17 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Tests the equality of two numbers.
      *
-     * If you need to see if one number is greater than or less than another number, use Math_BigInteger::compare()
+     * If you need to see if one number is greater than or less than another number, use BigInteger::compare()
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
-     * @return Boolean
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
+     * @return bool
      * @access public
-     * @see compare()
+     * @see self::compare()
      */
-    function equals($x)
+    function equals(BigInteger $x)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 return gmp_cmp($this->value, $x->value) == 0;
             default:
                 return $this->value === $x->value && $this->is_negative == $x->is_negative;
@@ -2732,39 +2679,57 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Some bitwise operations give different results depending on the precision being used.  Examples include left
      * shift, not, and rotates.
      *
-     * @param Integer $bits
+     * @param int $bits
      * @access public
      */
     function setPrecision($bits)
     {
+        if ($bits < 1) {
+            $this->precision = -1;
+            $this->bitmask = false;
+
+            return;
+        }
         $this->precision = $bits;
-        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
-            $this->bitmask = new Math_BigInteger(chr((1 << ($bits & 0x7)) - 1) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $bits >> 3), 256);
+        if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != self::MODE_BCMATH) {
+            $this->bitmask = new static(chr((1 << ($bits & 0x7)) - 1) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $bits >> 3), 256);
         } else {
-            $this->bitmask = new Math_BigInteger(bcpow('2', $bits, 0));
+            $this->bitmask = new static(bcpow('2', $bits, 0));
         }
 
         $temp = $this->_normalize($this);
         $this->value = $temp->value;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get Precision
+     *
+     * @return int
+     * @see self::setPrecision()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getPrecision()
+    {
+        return $this->precision;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Logical And
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
      * @access public
      * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
-    function bitwise_and($x)
+    function bitwise_and(BigInteger $x)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = gmp_and($this->value, $x->value);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 $left = $this->toBytes();
                 $right = $x->toBytes();
 
@@ -2773,10 +2738,10 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $left = str_pad($left, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
                 $right = str_pad($right, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
 
-                return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($left & $right, 256));
+                return $this->_normalize(new static($left & $right, 256));
         }
 
-        $result = $this->copy();
+        $result = clone $this;
 
         $length = min(count($x->value), count($this->value));
 
@@ -2792,20 +2757,20 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Logical Or
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
      * @access public
      * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
-    function bitwise_or($x)
+    function bitwise_or(BigInteger $x)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = gmp_or($this->value, $x->value);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 $left = $this->toBytes();
                 $right = $x->toBytes();
 
@@ -2814,11 +2779,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $left = str_pad($left, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
                 $right = str_pad($right, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
 
-                return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($left | $right, 256));
+                return $this->_normalize(new static($left | $right, 256));
         }
 
         $length = max(count($this->value), count($x->value));
-        $result = $this->copy();
+        $result = clone $this;
         $result->value = array_pad($result->value, $length, 0);
         $x->value = array_pad($x->value, $length, 0);
 
@@ -2832,20 +2797,20 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Logical Exclusive-Or
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $x
      * @access public
      * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
-    function bitwise_xor($x)
+    function bitwise_xor(BigInteger $x)
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new static();
                 $temp->value = gmp_xor($this->value, $x->value);
 
                 return $this->_normalize($temp);
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 $left = $this->toBytes();
                 $right = $x->toBytes();
 
@@ -2854,11 +2819,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $left = str_pad($left, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
                 $right = str_pad($right, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
 
-                return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($left ^ $right, 256));
+                return $this->_normalize(new static($left ^ $right, 256));
         }
 
         $length = max(count($this->value), count($x->value));
-        $result = $this->copy();
+        $result = clone $this;
         $result->value = array_pad($result->value, $length, 0);
         $x->value = array_pad($x->value, $length, 0);
 
@@ -2874,13 +2839,16 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * @access public
      * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      */
     function bitwise_not()
     {
         // calculuate "not" without regard to $this->precision
         // (will always result in a smaller number.  ie. ~1 isn't 1111 1110 - it's 0)
         $temp = $this->toBytes();
+        if ($temp == '') {
+            return '';
+        }
         $pre_msb = decbin(ord($temp[0]));
         $temp = ~$temp;
         $msb = decbin(ord($temp[0]));
@@ -2893,16 +2861,17 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $current_bits = strlen($pre_msb) + 8 * strlen($temp) - 8;
         $new_bits = $this->precision - $current_bits;
         if ($new_bits <= 0) {
-            return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($temp, 256));
+            return $this->_normalize(new static($temp, 256));
         }
 
         // generate as many leading 1's as we need to.
         $leading_ones = chr((1 << ($new_bits & 0x7)) - 1) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $new_bits >> 3);
-        $this->_base256_lshift($leading_ones, $current_bits);
 
-        $temp = str_pad($temp, ceil($this->bits / 8), chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+        self::_base256_lshift($leading_ones, $current_bits);
+
+        $temp = str_pad($temp, strlen($leading_ones), chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
 
-        return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($leading_ones | $temp, 256));
+        return $this->_normalize(new static($leading_ones | $temp, 256));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2910,17 +2879,17 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits, effectively dividing by 2**$shift.
      *
-     * @param Integer $shift
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param int $shift
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      * @internal The only version that yields any speed increases is the internal version.
      */
     function bitwise_rightShift($shift)
     {
-        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $temp = new static();
 
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 static $two;
 
                 if (!isset($two)) {
@@ -2930,7 +2899,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $temp->value = gmp_div_q($this->value, gmp_pow($two, $shift));
 
                 break;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 $temp->value = bcdiv($this->value, bcpow('2', $shift, 0), 0);
 
                 break;
@@ -2948,17 +2917,17 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits, effectively multiplying by 2**$shift.
      *
-     * @param Integer $shift
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param int $shift
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      * @internal The only version that yields any speed increases is the internal version.
      */
     function bitwise_leftShift($shift)
     {
-        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $temp = new static();
 
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 static $two;
 
                 if (!isset($two)) {
@@ -2968,7 +2937,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $temp->value = gmp_mul($this->value, gmp_pow($two, $shift));
 
                 break;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 $temp->value = bcmul($this->value, bcpow('2', $shift, 0), 0);
 
                 break;
@@ -2986,8 +2955,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Instead of the top x bits being dropped they're appended to the shifted bit string.
      *
-     * @param Integer $shift
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param int $shift
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
     function bitwise_leftRotate($shift)
@@ -2996,15 +2965,16 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         if ($this->precision > 0) {
             $precision = $this->precision;
-            if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
-                $mask = $this->bitmask->subtract(new Math_BigInteger(1));
+            if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == self::MODE_BCMATH) {
+                $mask = $this->bitmask->subtract(new static(1));
                 $mask = $mask->toBytes();
             } else {
                 $mask = $this->bitmask->toBytes();
             }
         } else {
             $temp = ord($bits[0]);
-            for ($i = 0; $temp >> $i; ++$i);
+            for ($i = 0; $temp >> $i; ++$i) {
+            }
             $precision = 8 * strlen($bits) - 8 + $i;
             $mask = chr((1 << ($precision & 0x7)) - 1) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $precision >> 3);
         }
@@ -3015,13 +2985,13 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $shift%= $precision;
 
         if (!$shift) {
-            return $this->copy();
+            return clone $this;
         }
 
         $left = $this->bitwise_leftShift($shift);
-        $left = $left->bitwise_and(new Math_BigInteger($mask, 256));
+        $left = $left->bitwise_and(new static($mask, 256));
         $right = $this->bitwise_rightShift($precision - $shift);
-        $result = MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ? $left->bitwise_or($right) : $left->add($right);
+        $result = MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != self::MODE_BCMATH ? $left->bitwise_or($right) : $left->add($right);
         return $this->_normalize($result);
     }
 
@@ -3030,8 +3000,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Instead of the bottom x bits being dropped they're prepended to the shifted bit string.
      *
-     * @param Integer $shift
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param int $shift
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
     function bitwise_rightRotate($shift)
@@ -3039,32 +3009,19 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         return $this->bitwise_leftRotate(-$shift);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Set random number generator function
-     *
-     * This function is deprecated.
-     *
-     * @param String $generator
-     * @access public
-     */
-    function setRandomGenerator($generator)
-    {
-    }
-
     /**
      * Generates a random BigInteger
      *
-     * Byte length is equal to $length. Uses crypt_random if it's loaded and mt_rand if it's not.
+     * Byte length is equal to $length. Uses \phpseclib\Crypt\Random if it's loaded and mt_rand if it's not.
      *
-     * @param Integer $length
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access private
      */
-    function _random_number_helper($size)
+    static function _random_number_helper($size)
     {
-        $crypt_random = function_exists('crypt_random_string') || (!class_exists('Crypt_Random') && function_exists('crypt_random_string'));
-        if ($crypt_random) {
-            $random = crypt_random_string($size);
+        if (class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\Random')) {
+            $random = Random::string($size);
         } else {
             $random = '';
 
@@ -3079,32 +3036,30 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             }
         }
 
-        return new Math_BigInteger($random, 256);
+        return new static($random, 256);
     }
 
     /**
      * Generate a random number
      *
-     * @param optional Integer $min
-     * @param optional Integer $max
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * Returns a random number between $min and $max where $min and $max
+     * can be defined using one of the two methods:
+     *
+     * BigInteger::random($min, $max)
+     * BigInteger::random($max, $min)
+     *
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $arg1
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $arg2
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access public
      */
-    function random($min = false, $max = false)
+    static function random(BigInteger $min, BigInteger $max)
     {
-        if ($min === false) {
-            $min = new Math_BigInteger(0);
-        }
-
-        if ($max === false) {
-            $max = new Math_BigInteger(0x7FFFFFFF);
-        }
-
         $compare = $max->compare($min);
 
         if (!$compare) {
             return $this->_normalize($min);
-        } else if ($compare < 0) {
+        } elseif ($compare < 0) {
             // if $min is bigger then $max, swap $min and $max
             $temp = $max;
             $max = $min;
@@ -3113,7 +3068,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         static $one;
         if (!isset($one)) {
-            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+            $one = new static(1);
         }
 
         $max = $max->subtract($min->subtract($one));
@@ -3134,8 +3089,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
             http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/5708/creating-a-small-number-from-a-cryptographically-secure-random-string
         */
-        $random_max = new Math_BigInteger(chr(1) . str_repeat("\0", $size), 256);
-        $random = $this->_random_number_helper($size);
+        $random_max = new static(chr(1) . str_repeat("\0", $size), 256);
+        $random = static::_random_number_helper($size);
 
         list($max_multiple) = $random_max->divide($max);
         $max_multiple = $max_multiple->multiply($max);
@@ -3144,44 +3099,36 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             $random = $random->subtract($max_multiple);
             $random_max = $random_max->subtract($max_multiple);
             $random = $random->bitwise_leftShift(8);
-            $random = $random->add($this->_random_number_helper(1));
+            $random = $random->add(self::_random_number_helper(1));
             $random_max = $random_max->bitwise_leftShift(8);
             list($max_multiple) = $random_max->divide($max);
             $max_multiple = $max_multiple->multiply($max);
         }
         list(, $random) = $random->divide($max);
 
-        return $this->_normalize($random->add($min));
+        return $random->add($min);
     }
 
     /**
      * Generate a random prime number.
      *
-     * If there's not a prime within the given range, false will be returned.  If more than $timeout seconds have elapsed,
-     * give up and return false.
+     * If there's not a prime within the given range, false will be returned.
+     * If more than $timeout seconds have elapsed, give up and return false.
      *
-     * @param optional Integer $min
-     * @param optional Integer $max
-     * @param optional Integer $timeout
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $min
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $max
+     * @param int $timeout
+     * @return Math_BigInteger|false
      * @access public
      * @internal See {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap4.pdf#page=15 HAC 4.44}.
      */
-    function randomPrime($min = false, $max = false, $timeout = false)
+    static function randomPrime(BigInteger $min, BigInteger $max, $timeout = false)
     {
-        if ($min === false) {
-            $min = new Math_BigInteger(0);
-        }
-
-        if ($max === false) {
-            $max = new Math_BigInteger(0x7FFFFFFF);
-        }
-
         $compare = $max->compare($min);
 
         if (!$compare) {
             return $min->isPrime() ? $min : false;
-        } else if ($compare < 0) {
+        } elseif ($compare < 0) {
             // if $min is bigger then $max, swap $min and $max
             $temp = $max;
             $max = $min;
@@ -3190,17 +3137,17 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         static $one, $two;
         if (!isset($one)) {
-            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
-            $two = new Math_BigInteger(2);
+            $one = new static(1);
+            $two = new static(2);
         }
 
         $start = time();
 
-        $x = $this->random($min, $max);
+        $x = self::random($min, $max);
 
         // gmp_nextprime() requires PHP 5 >= 5.2.0 per <http://php.net/gmp-nextprime>.
-        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP && function_exists('gmp_nextprime') ) {
-            $p = new Math_BigInteger();
+        if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == self::MODE_GMP && extension_loaded('gmp')) {
+            $p = new static();
             $p->value = gmp_nextprime($x->value);
 
             if ($p->compare($max) <= 0) {
@@ -3211,7 +3158,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
                 $x = $x->subtract($one);
             }
 
-            return $x->randomPrime($min, $x);
+            return self::randomPrime($min, $x);
         }
 
         if ($x->equals($two)) {
@@ -3224,11 +3171,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             if ($min->equals($max)) {
                 return false;
             }
-            $x = $min->copy();
+            $x = clone $min;
             $x->_make_odd();
         }
 
-        $initial_x = $x->copy();
+        $initial_x = clone $x;
 
         while (true) {
             if ($timeout !== false && time() - $start > $timeout) {
@@ -3242,7 +3189,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             $x = $x->add($two);
 
             if ($x->compare($max) > 0) {
-                $x = $min->copy();
+                $x = clone $min;
                 if ($x->equals($two)) {
                     return $x;
                 }
@@ -3260,16 +3207,16 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * If the current number is odd it'll be unchanged.  If it's even, one will be added to it.
      *
-     * @see randomPrime()
+     * @see self::randomPrime()
      * @access private
      */
     function _make_odd()
     {
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 gmp_setbit($this->value, 0);
                 break;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 if ($this->value[strlen($this->value) - 1] % 2 == 0) {
                     $this->value = bcadd($this->value, '1');
                 }
@@ -3283,14 +3230,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      * Checks a numer to see if it's prime
      *
      * Assuming the $t parameter is not set, this function has an error rate of 2**-80.  The main motivation for the
-     * $t parameter is distributability.  Math_BigInteger::randomPrime() can be distributed accross multiple pageloads
+     * $t parameter is distributability.  BigInteger::randomPrime() can be distributed across multiple pageloads
      * on a website instead of just one.
      *
-     * @param optional Integer $t
-     * @return Boolean
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger $t
+     * @return bool
      * @access public
      * @internal Uses the
-     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Rabin_primality_test Miller-Rabin primality test}.  See 
+     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Rabin_primality_test Miller-Rabin primality test}.  See
      *     {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap4.pdf#page=8 HAC 4.24}.
      */
     function isPrime($t = false)
@@ -3299,6 +3246,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         if (!$t) {
             // see HAC 4.49 "Note (controlling the error probability)"
+            // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
                  if ($length >= 163) { $t =  2; } // floor(1300 / 8)
             else if ($length >= 106) { $t =  3; } // floor( 850 / 8)
             else if ($length >= 81 ) { $t =  4; } // floor( 650 / 8)
@@ -3311,14 +3259,15 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             else if ($length >= 25 ) { $t = 15; } // floor( 200 / 8)
             else if ($length >= 18 ) { $t = 18; } // floor( 150 / 8)
             else                     { $t = 27; }
+            // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
         }
 
         // ie. gmp_testbit($this, 0)
         // ie. isEven() or !isOdd()
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
                 return gmp_prob_prime($this->value, $t) != 0;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 if ($this->value === '2') {
                     return true;
                 }
@@ -3339,28 +3288,28 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         if (!isset($primes)) {
             $primes = array(
-                3,    5,    7,    11,   13,   17,   19,   23,   29,   31,   37,   41,   43,   47,   53,   59,   
-                61,   67,   71,   73,   79,   83,   89,   97,   101,  103,  107,  109,  113,  127,  131,  137,  
-                139,  149,  151,  157,  163,  167,  173,  179,  181,  191,  193,  197,  199,  211,  223,  227,  
-                229,  233,  239,  241,  251,  257,  263,  269,  271,  277,  281,  283,  293,  307,  311,  313,  
-                317,  331,  337,  347,  349,  353,  359,  367,  373,  379,  383,  389,  397,  401,  409,  419,  
-                421,  431,  433,  439,  443,  449,  457,  461,  463,  467,  479,  487,  491,  499,  503,  509,  
-                521,  523,  541,  547,  557,  563,  569,  571,  577,  587,  593,  599,  601,  607,  613,  617,  
-                619,  631,  641,  643,  647,  653,  659,  661,  673,  677,  683,  691,  701,  709,  719,  727,  
-                733,  739,  743,  751,  757,  761,  769,  773,  787,  797,  809,  811,  821,  823,  827,  829,  
-                839,  853,  857,  859,  863,  877,  881,  883,  887,  907,  911,  919,  929,  937,  941,  947,  
+                3,    5,    7,    11,   13,   17,   19,   23,   29,   31,   37,   41,   43,   47,   53,   59,
+                61,   67,   71,   73,   79,   83,   89,   97,   101,  103,  107,  109,  113,  127,  131,  137,
+                139,  149,  151,  157,  163,  167,  173,  179,  181,  191,  193,  197,  199,  211,  223,  227,
+                229,  233,  239,  241,  251,  257,  263,  269,  271,  277,  281,  283,  293,  307,  311,  313,
+                317,  331,  337,  347,  349,  353,  359,  367,  373,  379,  383,  389,  397,  401,  409,  419,
+                421,  431,  433,  439,  443,  449,  457,  461,  463,  467,  479,  487,  491,  499,  503,  509,
+                521,  523,  541,  547,  557,  563,  569,  571,  577,  587,  593,  599,  601,  607,  613,  617,
+                619,  631,  641,  643,  647,  653,  659,  661,  673,  677,  683,  691,  701,  709,  719,  727,
+                733,  739,  743,  751,  757,  761,  769,  773,  787,  797,  809,  811,  821,  823,  827,  829,
+                839,  853,  857,  859,  863,  877,  881,  883,  887,  907,  911,  919,  929,  937,  941,  947,
                 953,  967,  971,  977,  983,  991,  997
             );
 
-            if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL ) {
+            if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != self::MODE_INTERNAL) {
                 for ($i = 0; $i < count($primes); ++$i) {
-                    $primes[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($primes[$i]);
+                    $primes[$i] = new static($primes[$i]);
                 }
             }
 
-            $zero = new Math_BigInteger();
-            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
-            $two = new Math_BigInteger(2);
+            $zero = new static();
+            $one = new static(1);
+            $two = new static(2);
         }
 
         if ($this->equals($one)) {
@@ -3368,7 +3317,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         }
 
         // see HAC 4.4.1 "Random search for probable primes"
-        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL ) {
+        if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != self::MODE_INTERNAL) {
             foreach ($primes as $prime) {
                 list(, $r) = $this->divide($prime);
                 if ($r->equals($zero)) {
@@ -3378,21 +3327,21 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         } else {
             $value = $this->value;
             foreach ($primes as $prime) {
-                list(, $r) = $this->_divide_digit($value, $prime);
+                list(, $r) = self::_divide_digit($value, $prime);
                 if (!$r) {
                     return count($value) == 1 && $value[0] == $prime;
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        $n   = $this->copy();
+        $n   = clone $this;
         $n_1 = $n->subtract($one);
         $n_2 = $n->subtract($two);
 
-        $r = $n_1->copy();
+        $r = clone $n_1;
         $r_value = $r->value;
         // ie. $s = gmp_scan1($n, 0) and $r = gmp_div_q($n, gmp_pow(gmp_init('2'), $s));
-        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
+        if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == self::MODE_BCMATH) {
             $s = 0;
             // if $n was 1, $r would be 0 and this would be an infinite loop, hence our $this->equals($one) check earlier
             while ($r->value[strlen($r->value) - 1] % 2 == 0) {
@@ -3402,7 +3351,8 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         } else {
             for ($i = 0, $r_length = count($r_value); $i < $r_length; ++$i) {
                 $temp = ~$r_value[$i] & 0xFFFFFF;
-                for ($j = 1; ($temp >> $j) & 1; ++$j);
+                for ($j = 1; ($temp >> $j) & 1; ++$j) {
+                }
                 if ($j != 25) {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -3412,7 +3362,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         }
 
         for ($i = 0; $i < $t; ++$i) {
-            $a = $this->random($two, $n_2);
+            $a = self::random($two, $n_2);
             $y = $a->modPow($r, $n);
 
             if (!$y->equals($one) && !$y->equals($n_1)) {
@@ -3436,29 +3386,29 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits.
      *
-     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @param int $shift
      * @access private
      */
     function _lshift($shift)
     {
-        if ( $shift == 0 ) {
+        if ($shift == 0) {
             return;
         }
 
-        $num_digits = (int) ($shift / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE);
-        $shift %= MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE;
+        $num_digits = (int) ($shift / self::$base);
+        $shift %= self::$base;
         $shift = 1 << $shift;
 
         $carry = 0;
 
         for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->value); ++$i) {
             $temp = $this->value[$i] * $shift + $carry;
-            $carry = (int) ($temp / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
-            $this->value[$i] = (int) ($temp - $carry * MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE_FULL);
+            $carry = self::$base === 26 ? intval($temp / 0x4000000) : ($temp >> 31);
+            $this->value[$i] = (int) ($temp - $carry * self::$baseFull);
         }
 
-        if ( $carry ) {
-            $this->value[] = $carry;
+        if ($carry) {
+            $this->value[count($this->value)] = $carry;
         }
 
         while ($num_digits--) {
@@ -3471,7 +3421,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits.
      *
-     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @param int $shift
      * @access private
      */
     function _rshift($shift)
@@ -3480,12 +3430,12 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
             return;
         }
 
-        $num_digits = (int) ($shift / MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE);
-        $shift %= MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE;
-        $carry_shift = MATH_BIGINTEGER_BASE - $shift;
+        $num_digits = (int) ($shift / self::$base);
+        $shift %= self::$base;
+        $carry_shift = self::$base - $shift;
         $carry_mask = (1 << $shift) - 1;
 
-        if ( $num_digits ) {
+        if ($num_digits) {
             $this->value = array_slice($this->value, $num_digits);
         }
 
@@ -3505,9 +3455,9 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Removes leading zeros and truncates (if necessary) to maintain the appropriate precision
      *
-     * @param Math_BigInteger
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
-     * @see _trim()
+     * @param \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
+     * @see self::_trim()
      * @access private
      */
     function _normalize($result)
@@ -3515,14 +3465,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $result->precision = $this->precision;
         $result->bitmask = $this->bitmask;
 
-        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
-                if (!empty($result->bitmask->value)) {
+        switch (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE) {
+            case self::MODE_GMP:
+                if ($this->bitmask !== false) {
                     $result->value = gmp_and($result->value, $result->bitmask->value);
                 }
 
                 return $result;
-            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+            case self::MODE_BCMATH:
                 if (!empty($result->bitmask->value)) {
                     $result->value = bcmod($result->value, $result->bitmask->value);
                 }
@@ -3532,7 +3482,7 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
 
         $value = &$result->value;
 
-        if ( !count($value) ) {
+        if (!count($value)) {
             return $result;
         }
 
@@ -3555,14 +3505,14 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * Removes leading zeros
      *
-     * @param Array $value
-     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @param array $value
+     * @return \phpseclib\Math\BigInteger
      * @access private
      */
-    function _trim($value)
+    static function _trim($value)
     {
         for ($i = count($value) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
-            if ( $value[$i] ) {
+            if ($value[$i]) {
                 break;
             }
             unset($value[$i]);
@@ -3576,10 +3526,10 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * @param $input Array
      * @param $multiplier mixed
-     * @return Array
+     * @return array
      * @access private
      */
-    function _array_repeat($input, $multiplier)
+    static function _array_repeat($input, $multiplier)
     {
         return ($multiplier) ? array_fill(0, $multiplier, $input) : array();
     }
@@ -3591,10 +3541,10 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * @param $x String
      * @param $shift Integer
-     * @return String
+     * @return string
      * @access private
      */
-    function _base256_lshift(&$x, $shift)
+    static function _base256_lshift(&$x, $shift)
     {
         if ($shift == 0) {
             return;
@@ -3620,10 +3570,10 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * @param $x String
      * @param $shift Integer
-     * @return String
+     * @return string
      * @access private
      */
-    function _base256_rshift(&$x, $shift)
+    static function _base256_rshift(&$x, $shift)
     {
         if ($shift == 0) {
             $x = ltrim($x, chr(0));
@@ -3660,11 +3610,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Converts 32-bit integers to bytes.
      *
-     * @param Integer $x
-     * @return String
+     * @param int $x
+     * @return string
      * @access private
      */
-    function _int2bytes($x)
+    static function _int2bytes($x)
     {
         return ltrim(pack('N', $x), chr(0));
     }
@@ -3672,11 +3622,11 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
     /**
      * Converts bytes to 32-bit integers
      *
-     * @param String $x
-     * @return Integer
+     * @param string $x
+     * @return int
      * @access private
      */
-    function _bytes2int($x)
+    static function _bytes2int($x)
     {
         $temp = unpack('Nint', str_pad($x, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT));
         return $temp['int'];
@@ -3687,12 +3637,12 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
      *
      * The ability to DER-encode integers is needed to create RSA public keys for use with OpenSSL
      *
-     * @see modPow()
+     * @see self::modPow()
      * @access private
-     * @param Integer $length
-     * @return String
+     * @param int $length
+     * @return string
      */
-    function _encodeASN1Length($length)
+    static function _encodeASN1Length($length)
     {
         if ($length <= 0x7F) {
             return chr($length);
@@ -3701,4 +3651,27 @@ class Math_BigInteger {
         $temp = ltrim(pack('N', $length), chr(0));
         return pack('Ca*', 0x80 | strlen($temp), $temp);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Single digit division
+     *
+     * Even if int64 is being used the division operator will return a float64 value
+     * if the dividend is not evenly divisible by the divisor. Since a float64 doesn't
+     * have the precision of int64 this is a problem so, when int64 is being used,
+     * we'll guarantee that the dividend is divisible by first subtracting the remainder.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param int $x
+     * @param int $y
+     * @return int
+     */
+    static function _safe_divide($x, $y)
+    {
+        if (self::$base === 26) {
+            return (int) ($x / $y);
+        }
+
+        // self::$base === 31
+        return ($x - ($x % $y)) / $y;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SCP.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SCP.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c28d8b0ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SCP.php
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SCP.
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * The API for this library is modeled after the API from PHP's {@link http://php.net/book.ftp FTP extension}.
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new \phpseclib\Net\SSH2('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('bad login');
+ *    }
+ *    $scp = new \phpseclib\Net\SCP($ssh);
+ *
+ *    $scp->put('abcd', str_repeat('x', 1024*1024));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * @category  Net
+ * @package   SCP
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2010 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Net;
+
+use phpseclib\Exception\FileNotFoundException;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementations of SCP.
+ *
+ * @package SCP
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class SCP
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SCP::put()
+     */
+    /**
+     * Reads data from a local file.
+     */
+    const SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Reads data from a string.
+     */
+    const SOURCE_STRING = 2;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access private
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SCP::_send()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SCP::_receive()
+    */
+    /**
+     * SSH1 is being used.
+     */
+    const MODE_SSH1 = 1;
+    /**
+     * SSH2 is being used.
+     */
+    const MODE_SSH2 =  2;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * SSH Object
+     *
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $ssh;
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Size
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Mode
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mode;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Connects to an SSH server
+     *
+     * @param string $host
+     * @param int $port
+     * @param int $timeout
+     * @return \phpseclib\Net\SCP
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct($ssh)
+    {
+        if ($ssh instanceof SSH2) {
+            $this->mode = self::MODE_SSH2;
+        } elseif ($ssh instanceof SSH1) {
+            $this->packet_size = 50000;
+            $this->mode = self::MODE_SSH1;
+        } else {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->ssh = $ssh;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Uploads a file to the SCP server.
+     *
+     * By default, \phpseclib\Net\SCP::put() does not read from the local filesystem.  $data is dumped directly into $remote_file.
+     * So, for example, if you set $data to 'filename.ext' and then do \phpseclib\Net\SCP::get(), you will get a file, twelve bytes
+     * long, containing 'filename.ext' as its contents.
+     *
+     * Setting $mode to self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE will change the above behavior.  With self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE, $remote_file will
+     * contain as many bytes as filename.ext does on your local filesystem.  If your filename.ext is 1MB then that is how
+     * large $remote_file will be, as well.
+     *
+     * Currently, only binary mode is supported.  As such, if the line endings need to be adjusted, you will need to take
+     * care of that, yourself.
+     *
+     * @param string $remote_file
+     * @param string $data
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @param callable $callback
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\FileNotFoundException if you're uploading via a file and the file doesn't exist
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function put($remote_file, $data, $mode = self::SOURCE_STRING, $callback = null)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->ssh)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->ssh->exec('scp -t ' . escapeshellarg($remote_file), false)) { // -t = to
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $temp = $this->_receive();
+        if ($temp !== chr(0)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->mode == self::MODE_SSH2) {
+            $this->packet_size = $this->ssh->packet_size_client_to_server[SSH2::CHANNEL_EXEC] - 4;
+        }
+
+        $remote_file = basename($remote_file);
+
+        if ($mode == self::SOURCE_STRING) {
+            $size = strlen($data);
+        } else {
+            if (!is_file($data)) {
+                throw new FileNotFoundException("$data is not a valid file");
+            }
+
+            $fp = @fopen($data, 'rb');
+            if (!$fp) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $size = filesize($data);
+        }
+
+        $this->_send('C0644 ' . $size . ' ' . $remote_file . "\n");
+
+        $temp = $this->_receive();
+        if ($temp !== chr(0)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $sent = 0;
+        while ($sent < $size) {
+            $temp = $mode & self::SOURCE_STRING ? substr($data, $sent, $this->packet_size) : fread($fp, $this->packet_size);
+            $this->_send($temp);
+            $sent+= strlen($temp);
+
+            if (is_callable($callback)) {
+                call_user_func($callback, $sent);
+            }
+        }
+        $this->_close();
+
+        if ($mode != self::SOURCE_STRING) {
+            fclose($fp);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Downloads a file from the SCP server.
+     *
+     * Returns a string containing the contents of $remote_file if $local_file is left undefined or a boolean false if
+     * the operation was unsuccessful.  If $local_file is defined, returns true or false depending on the success of the
+     * operation
+     *
+     * @param string $remote_file
+     * @param string $local_file
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function get($remote_file, $local_file = false)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->ssh)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->ssh->exec('scp -f ' . escapeshellarg($remote_file), false)) { // -f = from
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_send("\0");
+
+        if (!preg_match('#(?<perms>[^ ]+) (?<size>\d+) (?<name>.+)#', rtrim($this->_receive()), $info)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_send("\0");
+
+        $size = 0;
+
+        if ($local_file !== false) {
+            $fp = @fopen($local_file, 'wb');
+            if (!$fp) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $content = '';
+        while ($size < $info['size']) {
+            $data = $this->_receive();
+            // SCP usually seems to split stuff out into 16k chunks
+            $size+= strlen($data);
+
+            if ($local_file === false) {
+                $content.= $data;
+            } else {
+                fputs($fp, $data);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->_close();
+
+        if ($local_file !== false) {
+            fclose($fp);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return $content;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends a packet to an SSH server
+     *
+     * @param string $data
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send($data)
+    {
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case self::MODE_SSH2:
+                $this->ssh->_send_channel_packet(SSH2::CHANNEL_EXEC, $data);
+                break;
+            case self::MODE_SSH1:
+                $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA, strlen($data), $data);
+                $this->ssh->_send_binary_packet($data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receives a packet from an SSH server
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of an unexpected packet
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _receive()
+    {
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case self::MODE_SSH2:
+                return $this->ssh->_get_channel_packet(SSH2::CHANNEL_EXEC, true);
+            case self::MODE_SSH1:
+                if (!$this->ssh->bitmap) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                while (true) {
+                    $response = $this->ssh->_get_binary_packet();
+                    switch ($response[SSH1::RESPONSE_TYPE]) {
+                        case NET_SSH1_SMSG_STDOUT_DATA:
+                            extract(unpack('Nlength', $response[SSH1::RESPONSE_DATA]));
+                            return $this->ssh->_string_shift($response[SSH1::RESPONSE_DATA], $length);
+                        case NET_SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA:
+                            break;
+                        case NET_SSH1_SMSG_EXITSTATUS:
+                            $this->ssh->_send_binary_packet(chr(NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION));
+                            fclose($this->ssh->fsock);
+                            $this->ssh->bitmap = 0;
+                            return false;
+                        default:
+                            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Unknown packet received');
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the connection to an SSH server
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _close()
+    {
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case self::MODE_SSH2:
+                $this->ssh->_close_channel(SSH2::CHANNEL_EXEC, true);
+                break;
+            case self::MODE_SSH1:
+                $this->ssh->disconnect();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4d8c9e42e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP.php
@@ -0,0 +1,2943 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SFTP.
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Currently only supports SFTPv2 and v3, which, according to wikipedia.org, "is the most widely used version,
+ * implemented by the popular OpenSSH SFTP server".  If you want SFTPv4/5/6 support, provide me with access
+ * to an SFTPv4/5/6 server.
+ *
+ * The API for this library is modeled after the API from PHP's {@link http://php.net/book.ftp FTP extension}.
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
+ *
+ *    $sftp = new \phpseclib\Net\SFTP('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$sftp->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $sftp->pwd() . "\r\n";
+ *    $sftp->put('filename.ext', 'hello, world!');
+ *    print_r($sftp->nlist());
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * @category  Net
+ * @package   SFTP
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2009 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Net;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
+use phpseclib\Exception\FileNotFoundException;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementations of SFTP.
+ *
+ * @package SFTP
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class SFTP extends SSH2
+{
+    /**
+     * SFTP channel constant
+     *
+     * \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::exec() uses 0 and \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::read() / \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::write() use 1.
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    const CHANNEL = 0x100;
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::put()
+    */
+    /**
+     * Reads data from a local file.
+     */
+    const SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Reads data from a string.
+     */
+    // this value isn't really used anymore but i'm keeping it reserved for historical reasons
+    const SOURCE_STRING = 2;
+    /**
+     * Reads data from callback:
+     * function callback($length) returns string to proceed, null for EOF
+     */
+    const SOURCE_CALLBACK = 16;
+    /**
+     * Resumes an upload
+     */
+    const RESUME = 4;
+    /**
+     * Append a local file to an already existing remote file
+     */
+    const RESUME_START = 8;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Types
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_types = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Status Codes
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $status_codes = array();
+
+    /**
+     * The Request ID
+     *
+     * The request ID exists in the off chance that a packet is sent out-of-order.  Of course, this library doesn't support
+     * concurrent actions, so it's somewhat academic, here.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @see self::_send_sftp_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $request_id = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The Packet Type
+     *
+     * The request ID exists in the off chance that a packet is sent out-of-order.  Of course, this library doesn't support
+     * concurrent actions, so it's somewhat academic, here.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @see self::_get_sftp_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_type = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Buffer
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @see self::_get_sftp_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_buffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Extensions supported by the server
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @see self::_initChannel()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $extensions = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Server SFTP version
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @see self::_initChannel()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $version;
+
+    /**
+     * Current working directory
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @see self::_realpath()
+     * @see self::chdir()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $pwd = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Type Log
+     *
+     * @see self::getLog()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_type_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Log
+     *
+     * @see self::getLog()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Error information
+     *
+     * @see self::getSFTPErrors()
+     * @see self::getLastSFTPError()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $sftp_errors = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Stat Cache
+     *
+     * Rather than always having to open a directory and close it immediately there after to see if a file is a directory
+     * we'll cache the results.
+     *
+     * @see self::_update_stat_cache()
+     * @see self::_remove_from_stat_cache()
+     * @see self::_query_stat_cache()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $stat_cache = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Max SFTP Packet Size
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::get()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $max_sftp_packet;
+
+    /**
+     * Stat Cache Flag
+     *
+     * @see self::disableStatCache()
+     * @see self::enableStatCache()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $use_stat_cache = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Sort Options
+     *
+     * @see self::_comparator()
+     * @see self::setListOrder()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $sortOptions = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Connects to an SFTP server
+     *
+     * @param string $host
+     * @param int $port
+     * @param int $timeout
+     * @return \phpseclib\Net\SFTP
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct($host, $port = 22, $timeout = 10)
+    {
+        parent::__construct($host, $port, $timeout);
+
+        $this->max_sftp_packet = 1 << 15;
+
+        $this->packet_types = array(
+            1  => 'NET_SFTP_INIT',
+            2  => 'NET_SFTP_VERSION',
+            /* the format of SSH_FXP_OPEN changed between SFTPv4 and SFTPv5+:
+                   SFTPv5+: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.1.1
+               pre-SFTPv5 : http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-6.3 */
+            3  => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN',
+            4  => 'NET_SFTP_CLOSE',
+            5  => 'NET_SFTP_READ',
+            6  => 'NET_SFTP_WRITE',
+            7  => 'NET_SFTP_LSTAT',
+            9  => 'NET_SFTP_SETSTAT',
+            11 => 'NET_SFTP_OPENDIR',
+            12 => 'NET_SFTP_READDIR',
+            13 => 'NET_SFTP_REMOVE',
+            14 => 'NET_SFTP_MKDIR',
+            15 => 'NET_SFTP_RMDIR',
+            16 => 'NET_SFTP_REALPATH',
+            17 => 'NET_SFTP_STAT',
+            /* the format of SSH_FXP_RENAME changed between SFTPv4 and SFTPv5+:
+                   SFTPv5+: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.3
+               pre-SFTPv5 : http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-6.5 */
+            18 => 'NET_SFTP_RENAME',
+            19 => 'NET_SFTP_READLINK',
+            20 => 'NET_SFTP_SYMLINK',
+
+            101=> 'NET_SFTP_STATUS',
+            102=> 'NET_SFTP_HANDLE',
+            /* the format of SSH_FXP_NAME changed between SFTPv3 and SFTPv4+:
+                   SFTPv4+: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-9.4
+               pre-SFTPv4 : http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-02#section-7 */
+            103=> 'NET_SFTP_DATA',
+            104=> 'NET_SFTP_NAME',
+            105=> 'NET_SFTP_ATTRS',
+
+            200=> 'NET_SFTP_EXTENDED'
+        );
+        $this->status_codes = array(
+            0 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK',
+            1 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_EOF',
+            2 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_SUCH_FILE',
+            3 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_PERMISSION_DENIED',
+            4 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_FAILURE',
+            5 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_BAD_MESSAGE',
+            6 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_CONNECTION',
+            7 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_CONNECTION_LOST',
+            8 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_OP_UNSUPPORTED',
+            9 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_INVALID_HANDLE',
+            10 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_SUCH_PATH',
+            11 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_FILE_ALREADY_EXISTS',
+            12 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_WRITE_PROTECT',
+            13 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_MEDIA',
+            14 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_SPACE_ON_FILESYSTEM',
+            15 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_QUOTA_EXCEEDED',
+            16 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_UNKNOWN_PRINCIPAL',
+            17 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_LOCK_CONFLICT',
+            18 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_DIR_NOT_EMPTY',
+            19 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NOT_A_DIRECTORY',
+            20 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_INVALID_FILENAME',
+            21 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_LINK_LOOP',
+            22 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_CANNOT_DELETE',
+            23 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER',
+            24 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_FILE_IS_A_DIRECTORY',
+            25 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_BYTE_RANGE_LOCK_CONFLICT',
+            26 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_BYTE_RANGE_LOCK_REFUSED',
+            27 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_DELETE_PENDING',
+            28 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_FILE_CORRUPT',
+            29 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_OWNER_INVALID',
+            30 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_GROUP_INVALID',
+            31 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_MATCHING_BYTE_RANGE_LOCK'
+        );
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-7.1
+        // the order, in this case, matters quite a lot - see \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::_parseAttributes() to understand why
+        $this->attributes = array(
+            0x00000001 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_SIZE',
+            0x00000002 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_UIDGID', // defined in SFTPv3, removed in SFTPv4+
+            0x00000004 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS',
+            0x00000008 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_ACCESSTIME',
+            // 0x80000000 will yield a floating point on 32-bit systems and converting floating points to integers
+            // yields inconsistent behavior depending on how php is compiled.  so we left shift -1 (which, in
+            // two's compliment, consists of all 1 bits) by 31.  on 64-bit systems this'll yield 0xFFFFFFFF80000000.
+            // that's not a problem, however, and 'anded' and a 32-bit number, as all the leading 1 bits are ignored.
+              -1 << 31 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_EXTENDED'
+        );
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-6.3
+        // the flag definitions change somewhat in SFTPv5+.  if SFTPv5+ support is added to this library, maybe name
+        // the array for that $this->open5_flags and similarily alter the constant names.
+        $this->open_flags = array(
+            0x00000001 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_READ',
+            0x00000002 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_WRITE',
+            0x00000004 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND',
+            0x00000008 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_CREATE',
+            0x00000010 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_TRUNCATE',
+            0x00000020 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_EXCL'
+        );
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-5.2
+        // see \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::_parseLongname() for an explanation
+        $this->file_types = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR',
+            2 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY',
+            3 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK',
+            4 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_SPECIAL',
+            5 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_UNKNOWN',
+            // the followin types were first defined for use in SFTPv5+
+            // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-05#section-5.2
+            6 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_SOCKET',
+            7 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_CHAR_DEVICE',
+            8 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_BLOCK_DEVICE',
+            9 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_FIFO'
+        );
+        $this->_define_array(
+            $this->packet_types,
+            $this->status_codes,
+            $this->attributes,
+            $this->open_flags,
+            $this->file_types
+        );
+
+        if (!defined('NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE')) {
+            define('NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE', 50);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param string $password
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function login($username)
+    {
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        if (!call_user_func_array(array(&$this, '_login'), $args)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->window_size_server_to_client[self::CHANNEL] = $this->window_size;
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNa*N3',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN,
+            strlen('session'),
+            'session',
+            self::CHANNEL,
+            $this->window_size,
+            0x4000
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNNa*CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+            $this->server_channels[self::CHANNEL],
+            strlen('subsystem'),
+            'subsystem',
+            1,
+            strlen('sftp'),
+            'sftp'
+        );
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            // from PuTTY's psftp.exe
+            $command = "test -x /usr/lib/sftp-server && exec /usr/lib/sftp-server\n" .
+                       "test -x /usr/local/lib/sftp-server && exec /usr/local/lib/sftp-server\n" .
+                       "exec sftp-server";
+            // we don't do $this->exec($command, false) because exec() operates on a different channel and plus the SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN that exec() does
+            // is redundant
+            $packet = pack(
+                'CNNa*CNa*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+                $this->server_channels[self::CHANNEL],
+                strlen('exec'),
+                'exec',
+                1,
+                strlen($command),
+                $command
+            );
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+            $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL);
+            if ($response === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA;
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_INIT, "\0\0\0\3")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_VERSION) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_VERSION');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nversion', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        $this->version = $version;
+        while (!empty($response)) {
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            $key = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            $value = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+            $this->extensions[$key] = $value;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         SFTPv4+ defines a 'newline' extension.  SFTPv3 seems to have unofficial support for it via 'newline@vandyke.com',
+         however, I'm not sure what 'newline@vandyke.com' is supposed to do (the fact that it's unofficial means that it's
+         not in the official SFTPv3 specs) and 'newline@vandyke.com' / 'newline' are likely not drop-in substitutes for
+         one another due to the fact that 'newline' comes with a SSH_FXF_TEXT bitmask whereas it seems unlikely that
+         'newline@vandyke.com' would.
+        */
+        /*
+        if (isset($this->extensions['newline@vandyke.com'])) {
+            $this->extensions['newline'] = $this->extensions['newline@vandyke.com'];
+            unset($this->extensions['newline@vandyke.com']);
+        }
+        */
+
+        $this->request_id = 1;
+
+        /*
+         A Note on SFTPv4/5/6 support:
+         <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-5.1> states the following:
+
+         "If the client wishes to interoperate with servers that support noncontiguous version
+          numbers it SHOULD send '3'"
+
+         Given that the server only sends its version number after the client has already done so, the above
+         seems to be suggesting that v3 should be the default version.  This makes sense given that v3 is the
+         most popular.
+
+         <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-5.5> states the following;
+
+         "If the server did not send the "versions" extension, or the version-from-list was not included, the
+          server MAY send a status response describing the failure, but MUST then close the channel without
+          processing any further requests."
+
+         So what do you do if you have a client whose initial SSH_FXP_INIT packet says it implements v3 and
+         a server whose initial SSH_FXP_VERSION reply says it implements v4 and only v4?  If it only implements
+         v4, the "versions" extension is likely not going to have been sent so version re-negotiation as discussed
+         in draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 would be quite impossible.  As such, what \phpseclib\Net\SFTP would do is close the
+         channel and reopen it with a new and updated SSH_FXP_INIT packet.
+        */
+        switch ($this->version) {
+            case 2:
+            case 3:
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->pwd = $this->_realpath('.');
+
+        $this->_update_stat_cache($this->pwd, array());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable the stat cache
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableStatCache()
+    {
+        $this->use_stat_cache = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable the stat cache
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableStatCache()
+    {
+        $this->use_stat_cache = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the stat cache
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function clearStatCache()
+    {
+        $this->stat_cache = array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current directory name
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function pwd()
+    {
+        return $this->pwd;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logs errors
+     *
+     * @param string $response
+     * @param int $status
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _logError($response, $status = -1)
+    {
+        if ($status == -1) {
+            extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        }
+
+        $error = $this->status_codes[$status];
+
+        if ($this->version > 2) {
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            $this->sftp_errors[] = $error . ': ' . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+        } else {
+            $this->sftp_errors[] = $error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Canonicalize the Server-Side Path Name
+     *
+     * SFTP doesn't provide a mechanism by which the current working directory can be changed, so we'll emulate it.  Returns
+     * the absolute (canonicalized) path.
+     *
+     * @see self::chdir()
+     * @param string $path
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _realpath($path)
+    {
+        if ($this->pwd === false) {
+            // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.9
+            if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_REALPATH, pack('Na*', strlen($path), $path))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+            switch ($this->packet_type) {
+                case NET_SFTP_NAME:
+                    // although SSH_FXP_NAME is implemented differently in SFTPv3 than it is in SFTPv4+, the following
+                    // should work on all SFTP versions since the only part of the SSH_FXP_NAME packet the following looks
+                    // at is the first part and that part is defined the same in SFTP versions 3 through 6.
+                    $this->_string_shift($response, 4); // skip over the count - it should be 1, anyway
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    return $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                    $this->_logError($response);
+                    return false;
+                default:
+                    throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_NAME or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($path[0] != '/') {
+            $path = $this->pwd . '/' . $path;
+        }
+
+        $path = explode('/', $path);
+        $new = array();
+        foreach ($path as $dir) {
+            if (!strlen($dir)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            switch ($dir) {
+                case '..':
+                    array_pop($new);
+                case '.':
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $new[] = $dir;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return '/' . implode('/', $new);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the current directory
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function chdir($dir)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // assume current dir if $dir is empty
+        if ($dir === '') {
+            $dir = './';
+        // suffix a slash if needed
+        } elseif ($dir[strlen($dir) - 1] != '/') {
+            $dir.= '/';
+        }
+
+        $dir = $this->_realpath($dir);
+
+        // confirm that $dir is, in fact, a valid directory
+        if ($this->use_stat_cache && is_array($this->_query_stat_cache($dir))) {
+            $this->pwd = $dir;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // we could do a stat on the alleged $dir to see if it's a directory but that doesn't tell us
+        // the currently logged in user has the appropriate permissions or not. maybe you could see if
+        // the file's uid / gid match the currently logged in user's uid / gid but how there's no easy
+        // way to get those with SFTP
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPENDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($dir), $dir))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // see \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::nlist() for a more thorough explanation of the following
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_close_handle($handle)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_update_stat_cache($dir, array());
+
+        $this->pwd = $dir;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of files in the given directory
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function nlist($dir = '.', $recursive = false)
+    {
+        return $this->_nlist_helper($dir, $recursive, '');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method for nlist
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @param string $relativeDir
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _nlist_helper($dir, $recursive, $relativeDir)
+    {
+        $files = $this->_list($dir, false);
+
+        if (!$recursive || $files === false) {
+            return $files;
+        }
+
+        $result = array();
+        foreach ($files as $value) {
+            if ($value == '.' || $value == '..') {
+                if ($relativeDir == '') {
+                    $result[] = $value;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (is_array($this->_query_stat_cache($this->_realpath($dir . '/' . $value)))) {
+                $temp = $this->_nlist_helper($dir . '/' . $value, true, $relativeDir . $value . '/');
+                $result = array_merge($result, $temp);
+            } else {
+                $result[] = $relativeDir . $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a detailed list of files in the given directory
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function rawlist($dir = '.', $recursive = false)
+    {
+        $files = $this->_list($dir, true);
+        if (!$recursive || $files === false) {
+            return $files;
+        }
+
+        static $depth = 0;
+
+        foreach ($files as $key => $value) {
+            if ($depth != 0 && $key == '..') {
+                unset($files[$key]);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if ($key != '.' && $key != '..' && is_array($this->_query_stat_cache($this->_realpath($dir . '/' . $key)))) {
+                $depth++;
+                $files[$key] = $this->rawlist($dir . '/' . $key, true);
+                $depth--;
+            } else {
+                $files[$key] = (object) $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $files;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads a list, be it detailed or not, of files in the given directory
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @param bool $raw
+     * @return mixed
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _list($dir, $raw = true)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $dir = $this->_realpath($dir . '/');
+        if ($dir === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.1.2
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPENDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($dir), $dir))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-9.2
+                // since 'handle' is the last field in the SSH_FXP_HANDLE packet, we'll just remove the first four bytes that
+                // represent the length of the string and leave it at that
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        $this->_update_stat_cache($dir, array());
+
+        $contents = array();
+        while (true) {
+            // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.2.2
+            // why multiple SSH_FXP_READDIR packets would be sent when the response to a single one can span arbitrarily many
+            // SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA messages is not known to me.
+            if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_READDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($handle), $handle))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+            switch ($this->packet_type) {
+                case NET_SFTP_NAME:
+                    extract(unpack('Ncount', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $shortname = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $longname = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                        $attributes = $this->_parseAttributes($response);
+                        if (!isset($attributes['type'])) {
+                            $fileType = $this->_parseLongname($longname);
+                            if ($fileType) {
+                                $attributes['type'] = $fileType;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        $contents[$shortname] = $attributes + array('filename' => $shortname);
+
+                        if (isset($attributes['type']) && $attributes['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY && ($shortname != '.' && $shortname != '..')) {
+                            $this->_update_stat_cache($dir . '/' . $shortname, array());
+                        } else {
+                            if ($shortname == '..') {
+                                $temp = $this->_realpath($dir . '/..') . '/.';
+                            } else {
+                                $temp = $dir . '/' . $shortname;
+                            }
+                            $this->_update_stat_cache($temp, (object) array('lstat' => $attributes));
+                        }
+                        // SFTPv6 has an optional boolean end-of-list field, but we'll ignore that, since the
+                        // final SSH_FXP_STATUS packet should tell us that, already.
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                    extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_EOF) {
+                        $this->_logError($response, $status);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break 2;
+                default:
+                    throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_NAME or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_close_handle($handle)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (count($this->sortOptions)) {
+            uasort($contents, array(&$this, '_comparator'));
+        }
+
+        return $raw ? $contents : array_keys($contents);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares two rawlist entries using parameters set by setListOrder()
+     *
+     * Intended for use with uasort()
+     *
+     * @param array $a
+     * @param array $b
+     * @return int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _comparator($a, $b)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case $a['filename'] === '.' || $b['filename'] === '.':
+                if ($a['filename'] === $b['filename']) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                return $a['filename'] === '.' ? -1 : 1;
+            case $a['filename'] === '..' || $b['filename'] === '..':
+                if ($a['filename'] === $b['filename']) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                return $a['filename'] === '..' ? -1 : 1;
+            case isset($a['type']) && $a['type'] === NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
+                if (!isset($b['type'])) {
+                    return 1;
+                }
+                if ($b['type'] !== $a['type']) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                break;
+            case isset($b['type']) && $b['type'] === NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
+                return 1;
+        }
+        foreach ($this->sortOptions as $sort => $order) {
+            if (!isset($a[$sort]) || !isset($b[$sort])) {
+                if (isset($a[$sort])) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if (isset($b[$sort])) {
+                    return 1;
+                }
+                return 0;
+            }
+            switch ($sort) {
+                case 'filename':
+                    $result = strcasecmp($a['filename'], $b['filename']);
+                    if ($result) {
+                        return $order === SORT_DESC ? -$result : $result;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'permissions':
+                case 'mode':
+                    $a[$sort]&= 07777;
+                    $b[$sort]&= 07777;
+                default:
+                    if ($a[$sort] === $b[$sort]) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    return $order === SORT_ASC ? $a[$sort] - $b[$sort] : $b[$sort] - $a[$sort];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines how nlist() and rawlist() will be sorted - if at all.
+     *
+     * If sorting is enabled directories and files will be sorted independently with
+     * directories appearing before files in the resultant array that is returned.
+     *
+     * Any parameter returned by stat is a valid sort parameter for this function.
+     * Filename comparisons are case insensitive.
+     *
+     * Examples:
+     *
+     * $sftp->setListOrder('filename', SORT_ASC);
+     * $sftp->setListOrder('size', SORT_DESC, 'filename', SORT_ASC);
+     * $sftp->setListOrder(true);
+     *    Separates directories from files but doesn't do any sorting beyond that
+     * $sftp->setListOrder();
+     *    Don't do any sort of sorting
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setListOrder()
+    {
+        $this->sortOptions = array();
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        if (empty($args)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $len = count($args) & 0x7FFFFFFE;
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i+=2) {
+            $this->sortOptions[$args[$i]] = $args[$i + 1];
+        }
+        if (!count($this->sortOptions)) {
+            $this->sortOptions = array('bogus' => true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the file size, in bytes, or false, on failure
+     *
+     * Files larger than 4GB will show up as being exactly 4GB.
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function size($filename)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = $this->stat($filename);
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return isset($result['size']) ? $result['size'] : -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save files / directories to cache
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param mixed $value
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _update_stat_cache($path, $value)
+    {
+        if ($this->use_stat_cache === false) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $dir) == str_replace('//', '/', trim($path, '/'))
+        $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $path));
+
+        $temp = &$this->stat_cache;
+        $max = count($dirs) - 1;
+        foreach ($dirs as $i => $dir) {
+            // if $temp is an object that means one of two things.
+            //  1. a file was deleted and changed to a directory behind phpseclib's back
+            //  2. it's a symlink. when lstat is done it's unclear what it's a symlink to
+            if (is_object($temp)) {
+                $temp = array();
+            }
+            if (!isset($temp[$dir])) {
+                $temp[$dir] = array();
+            }
+            if ($i === $max) {
+                if (is_object($temp[$dir])) {
+                    if (!isset($value->stat) && isset($temp[$dir]->stat)) {
+                        $value->stat = $temp[$dir]->stat;
+                    }
+                    if (!isset($value->lstat) && isset($temp[$dir]->lstat)) {
+                        $value->lstat = $temp[$dir]->lstat;
+                    }
+                }
+                $temp[$dir] = $value;
+                break;
+            }
+            $temp = &$temp[$dir];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove files / directories from cache
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _remove_from_stat_cache($path)
+    {
+        $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $path));
+
+        $temp = &$this->stat_cache;
+        $max = count($dirs) - 1;
+        foreach ($dirs as $i => $dir) {
+            if ($i === $max) {
+                unset($temp[$dir]);
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (!isset($temp[$dir])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $temp = &$temp[$dir];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks cache for path
+     *
+     * Mainly used by file_exists
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _query_stat_cache($path)
+    {
+        $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $path));
+
+        $temp = &$this->stat_cache;
+        foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
+            if (!isset($temp[$dir])) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            $temp = &$temp[$dir];
+        }
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns general information about a file.
+     *
+     * Returns an array on success and false otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function stat($filename)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->use_stat_cache) {
+            $result = $this->_query_stat_cache($filename);
+            if (is_array($result) && isset($result['.']) && isset($result['.']->stat)) {
+                return $result['.']->stat;
+            }
+            if (is_object($result) && isset($result->stat)) {
+                return $result->stat;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $stat = $this->_stat($filename, NET_SFTP_STAT);
+        if ($stat === false) {
+            $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($filename);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isset($stat['type'])) {
+            if ($stat['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+                $filename.= '/.';
+            }
+            $this->_update_stat_cache($filename, (object) array('stat' => $stat));
+            return $stat;
+        }
+
+        $pwd = $this->pwd;
+        $stat['type'] = $this->chdir($filename) ?
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY :
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+        $this->pwd = $pwd;
+
+        if ($stat['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+            $filename.= '/.';
+        }
+        $this->_update_stat_cache($filename, (object) array('stat' => $stat));
+
+        return $stat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns general information about a file or symbolic link.
+     *
+     * Returns an array on success and false otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function lstat($filename)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->use_stat_cache) {
+            $result = $this->_query_stat_cache($filename);
+            if (is_array($result) && isset($result['.']) && isset($result['.']->lstat)) {
+                return $result['.']->lstat;
+            }
+            if (is_object($result) && isset($result->lstat)) {
+                return $result->lstat;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $lstat = $this->_stat($filename, NET_SFTP_LSTAT);
+        if ($lstat === false) {
+            $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($filename);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isset($lstat['type'])) {
+            if ($lstat['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+                $filename.= '/.';
+            }
+            $this->_update_stat_cache($filename, (object) array('lstat' => $lstat));
+            return $lstat;
+        }
+
+        $stat = $this->_stat($filename, NET_SFTP_STAT);
+
+        if ($lstat != $stat) {
+            $lstat = array_merge($lstat, array('type' => NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK));
+            $this->_update_stat_cache($filename, (object) array('lstat' => $lstat));
+            return $stat;
+        }
+
+        $pwd = $this->pwd;
+        $lstat['type'] = $this->chdir($filename) ?
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY :
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+        $this->pwd = $pwd;
+
+        if ($lstat['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+            $filename.= '/.';
+        }
+        $this->_update_stat_cache($filename, (object) array('lstat' => $lstat));
+
+        return $lstat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns general information about a file or symbolic link
+     *
+     * Determines information without calling \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::_realpath().
+     * The second parameter can be either NET_SFTP_STAT or NET_SFTP_LSTAT.
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @param int $type
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _stat($filename, $type)
+    {
+        // SFTPv4+ adds an additional 32-bit integer field - flags - to the following:
+        $packet = pack('Na*', strlen($filename), $filename);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet($type, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_ATTRS:
+                return $this->_parseAttributes($response);
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_ATTRS or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Truncates a file to a given length
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @param int $new_size
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function truncate($filename, $new_size)
+    {
+        $attr = pack('N3', NET_SFTP_ATTR_SIZE, $new_size / 4294967296, $new_size); // 4294967296 == 0x100000000 == 1<<32
+
+        return $this->_setstat($filename, $attr, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets access and modification time of file.
+     *
+     * If the file does not exist, it will be created.
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @param int $time
+     * @param int $atime
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function touch($filename, $time = null, $atime = null)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($time)) {
+            $time = time();
+        }
+        if (!isset($atime)) {
+            $atime = $time;
+        }
+
+        $flags = NET_SFTP_OPEN_WRITE | NET_SFTP_OPEN_CREATE | NET_SFTP_OPEN_EXCL;
+        $attr = pack('N3', NET_SFTP_ATTR_ACCESSTIME, $time, $atime);
+        $packet = pack('Na*Na*', strlen($filename), $filename, $flags, $attr);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPEN, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                return $this->_close_handle(substr($response, 4));
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        return $this->_setstat($filename, $attr, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes file or directory owner
+     *
+     * Returns true on success or false on error.
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @param int $uid
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function chown($filename, $uid, $recursive = false)
+    {
+        // quoting from <http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man2/chown.2.html>,
+        // "if the owner or group is specified as -1, then that ID is not changed"
+        $attr = pack('N3', NET_SFTP_ATTR_UIDGID, $uid, -1);
+
+        return $this->_setstat($filename, $attr, $recursive);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes file or directory group
+     *
+     * Returns true on success or false on error.
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @param int $gid
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function chgrp($filename, $gid, $recursive = false)
+    {
+        $attr = pack('N3', NET_SFTP_ATTR_UIDGID, -1, $gid);
+
+        return $this->_setstat($filename, $attr, $recursive);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set permissions on a file.
+     *
+     * Returns the new file permissions on success or false on error.
+     * If $recursive is true than this just returns true or false.
+     *
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function chmod($mode, $filename, $recursive = false)
+    {
+        if (is_string($mode) && is_int($filename)) {
+            $temp = $mode;
+            $mode = $filename;
+            $filename = $temp;
+        }
+
+        $attr = pack('N2', NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS, $mode & 07777);
+        if (!$this->_setstat($filename, $attr, $recursive)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($recursive) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realPath($filename);
+        // rather than return what the permissions *should* be, we'll return what they actually are.  this will also
+        // tell us if the file actually exists.
+        // incidentally, SFTPv4+ adds an additional 32-bit integer field - flags - to the following:
+        $packet = pack('Na*', strlen($filename), $filename);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_STAT, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_ATTRS:
+                $attrs = $this->_parseAttributes($response);
+                return $attrs['permissions'];
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_ATTRS or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets information about a file
+     *
+     * @param string $filename
+     * @param string $attr
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _setstat($filename, $attr, $recursive)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($filename);
+
+        if ($recursive) {
+            $i = 0;
+            $result = $this->_setstat_recursive($filename, $attr, $i);
+            $this->_read_put_responses($i);
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        // SFTPv4+ has an additional byte field - type - that would need to be sent, as well. setting it to
+        // SSH_FILEXFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN might work. if not, we'd have to do an SSH_FXP_STAT before doing an SSH_FXP_SETSTAT.
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_SETSTAT, pack('Na*a*', strlen($filename), $filename, $attr))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         "Because some systems must use separate system calls to set various attributes, it is possible that a failure
+          response will be returned, but yet some of the attributes may be have been successfully modified.  If possible,
+          servers SHOULD avoid this situation; however, clients MUST be aware that this is possible."
+
+          -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.6
+        */
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively sets information on directories on the SFTP server
+     *
+     * Minimizes directory lookups and SSH_FXP_STATUS requests for speed.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param string $attr
+     * @param int $i
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _setstat_recursive($path, $attr, &$i)
+    {
+        if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        $entries = $this->_list($path, true);
+
+        if ($entries === false) {
+            return $this->_setstat($path, $attr, false);
+        }
+
+        // normally $entries would have at least . and .. but it might not if the directories
+        // permissions didn't allow reading
+        if (empty($entries)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        unset($entries['.'], $entries['..']);
+        foreach ($entries as $filename => $props) {
+            if (!isset($props['type'])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $temp = $path . '/' . $filename;
+            if ($props['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+                if (!$this->_setstat_recursive($temp, $attr, $i)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_SETSTAT, pack('Na*a*', strlen($temp), $temp, $attr))) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $i++;
+
+                if ($i >= NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+                    if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $i = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_SETSTAT, pack('Na*a*', strlen($path), $path, $attr))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $i++;
+
+        if ($i >= NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+            if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $i = 0;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the target of a symbolic link
+     *
+     * @param string $link
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function readlink($link)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $link = $this->_realpath($link);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_READLINK, pack('Na*', strlen($link), $link))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_NAME:
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_NAME or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ncount', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        // the file isn't a symlink
+        if (!$count) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        return $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a symlink
+     *
+     * symlink() creates a symbolic link to the existing target with the specified name link.
+     *
+     * @param string $target
+     * @param string $link
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function symlink($target, $link)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $target = $this->_realpath($target);
+        $link = $this->_realpath($link);
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*Na*', strlen($target), $target, strlen($link), $link);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_SYMLINK, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a directory.
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function mkdir($dir, $mode = -1, $recursive = false)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $dir = $this->_realpath($dir);
+        // by not providing any permissions, hopefully the server will use the logged in users umask - their
+        // default permissions.
+        $attr = $mode == -1 ? "\0\0\0\0" : pack('N2', NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS, $mode & 07777);
+
+        if ($recursive) {
+            $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#/(?=/)|/$#', '', $dir));
+            if (empty($dirs[0])) {
+                array_shift($dirs);
+                $dirs[0] = '/' . $dirs[0];
+            }
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($dirs); $i++) {
+                $temp = array_slice($dirs, 0, $i + 1);
+                $temp = implode('/', $temp);
+                $result = $this->_mkdir_helper($temp, $attr);
+            }
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_mkdir_helper($dir, $attr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for directory creation
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mkdir_helper($dir, $attr)
+    {
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_MKDIR, pack('Na*a*', strlen($dir), $dir, $attr))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a directory.
+     *
+     * @param string $dir
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function rmdir($dir)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $dir = $this->_realpath($dir);
+        if ($dir === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_RMDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($dir), $dir))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED?
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($dir);
+        // the following will do a soft delete, which would be useful if you deleted a file
+        // and then tried to do a stat on the deleted file. the above, in contrast, does
+        // a hard delete
+        //$this->_update_stat_cache($dir, false);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Uploads a file to the SFTP server.
+     *
+     * By default, \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::put() does not read from the local filesystem.  $data is dumped directly into $remote_file.
+     * So, for example, if you set $data to 'filename.ext' and then do \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::get(), you will get a file, twelve bytes
+     * long, containing 'filename.ext' as its contents.
+     *
+     * Setting $mode to self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE will change the above behavior.  With self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE, $remote_file will
+     * contain as many bytes as filename.ext does on your local filesystem.  If your filename.ext is 1MB then that is how
+     * large $remote_file will be, as well.
+     *
+     * Setting $mode to self::SOURCE_CALLBACK will use $data as callback function, which gets only one parameter -- number of bytes to return, and returns a string if there is some data or null if there is no more data
+     *
+     * If $data is a resource then it'll be used as a resource instead.
+     *
+     * Currently, only binary mode is supported.  As such, if the line endings need to be adjusted, you will need to take
+     * care of that, yourself.
+     *
+     * $mode can take an additional two parameters - self::RESUME and self::RESUME_START. These are bitwise AND'd with
+     * $mode. So if you want to resume upload of a 300mb file on the local file system you'd set $mode to the following:
+     *
+     * self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE | self::RESUME
+     *
+     * If you wanted to simply append the full contents of a local file to the full contents of a remote file you'd replace
+     * self::RESUME with self::RESUME_START.
+     *
+     * If $mode & (self::RESUME | self::RESUME_START) then self::RESUME_START will be assumed.
+     *
+     * $start and $local_start give you more fine grained control over this process and take precident over self::RESUME
+     * when they're non-negative. ie. $start could let you write at the end of a file (like self::RESUME) or in the middle
+     * of one. $local_start could let you start your reading from the end of a file (like self::RESUME_START) or in the
+     * middle of one.
+     *
+     * Setting $local_start to > 0 or $mode | self::RESUME_START doesn't do anything unless $mode | self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE.
+     *
+     * @param string $remote_file
+     * @param string|resource $data
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @param int $start
+     * @param int $local_start
+     * @param callable|null $progressCallback
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \BadFunctionCallException if you're uploading via a callback and the callback function is invalid
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\FileNotFoundException if you're uploading via a file and the file doesn't exist
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     * @internal ASCII mode for SFTPv4/5/6 can be supported by adding a new function - \phpseclib\Net\SFTP::setMode().
+     */
+    function put($remote_file, $data, $mode = self::SOURCE_STRING, $start = -1, $local_start = -1, $progressCallback = null)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $remote_file = $this->_realpath($remote_file);
+        if ($remote_file === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($remote_file);
+
+        $flags = NET_SFTP_OPEN_WRITE | NET_SFTP_OPEN_CREATE;
+        // according to the SFTP specs, NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND should "force all writes to append data at the end of the file."
+        // in practice, it doesn't seem to do that.
+        //$flags|= ($mode & self::RESUME) ? NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND : NET_SFTP_OPEN_TRUNCATE;
+
+        if ($start >= 0) {
+            $offset = $start;
+        } elseif ($mode & self::RESUME) {
+            // if NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND worked as it should _size() wouldn't need to be called
+            $size = $this->size($remote_file);
+            $offset = $size !== false ? $size : 0;
+        } else {
+            $offset = 0;
+            $flags|= NET_SFTP_OPEN_TRUNCATE;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*N2', strlen($remote_file), $remote_file, $flags, 0);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPEN, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.2.3
+        $dataCallback = false;
+        switch (true) {
+            case $mode & self::SOURCE_CALLBACK:
+                if (!is_callable($data)) {
+                    throw new \BadFunctionCallException("\$data should be is_callable() if you specify SOURCE_CALLBACK flag");
+                }
+                $dataCallback = $data;
+                // do nothing
+                break;
+            case is_resource($data):
+                $mode = $mode & ~self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE;
+                $fp = $data;
+                break;
+            case $mode & self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE:
+                if (!is_file($data)) {
+                    throw new FileNotFoundException("$data is not a valid file");
+                }
+                $fp = @fopen($data, 'rb');
+                if (!$fp) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (isset($fp)) {
+            $stat = fstat($fp);
+            $size = $stat['size'];
+
+            if ($local_start >= 0) {
+                fseek($fp, $local_start);
+                $size-= $local_start;
+            }
+        } elseif ($dataCallback) {
+            $size = 0;
+        } else {
+            $size = strlen($data);
+        }
+
+        $sent = 0;
+        $size = $size < 0 ? ($size & 0x7FFFFFFF) + 0x80000000 : $size;
+
+        $sftp_packet_size = 4096; // PuTTY uses 4096
+        // make the SFTP packet be exactly 4096 bytes by including the bytes in the NET_SFTP_WRITE packets "header"
+        $sftp_packet_size-= strlen($handle) + 25;
+        $i = 0;
+        while ($dataCallback || $sent < $size) {
+            if ($dataCallback) {
+                $temp = call_user_func($dataCallback, $sftp_packet_size);
+                if (is_null($temp)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $temp = isset($fp) ? fread($fp, $sftp_packet_size) : substr($data, $sent, $sftp_packet_size);
+            }
+            $subtemp = $offset + $sent;
+            $packet = pack('Na*N3a*', strlen($handle), $handle, $subtemp / 4294967296, $subtemp, strlen($temp), $temp);
+            if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_WRITE, $packet)) {
+                if ($mode & self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE) {
+                    fclose($fp);
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            $sent+= strlen($temp);
+            if (is_callable($progressCallback)) {
+                call_user_func($progressCallback, $sent);
+            }
+
+            $i++;
+
+            if ($i == NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+                if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                    $i = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+                $i = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+            if ($mode & self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE) {
+                fclose($fp);
+            }
+            $this->_close_handle($handle);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($mode & self::SOURCE_LOCAL_FILE) {
+            fclose($fp);
+        }
+
+        return $this->_close_handle($handle);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads multiple successive SSH_FXP_WRITE responses
+     *
+     * Sending an SSH_FXP_WRITE packet and immediately reading its response isn't as efficient as blindly sending out $i
+     * SSH_FXP_WRITEs, in succession, and then reading $i responses.
+     *
+     * @param int $i
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _read_put_responses($i)
+    {
+        while ($i--) {
+            $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+            if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            }
+
+            extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+                $this->_logError($response, $status);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $i < 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close handle
+     *
+     * @param string $handle
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _close_handle($handle)
+    {
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_CLOSE, pack('Na*', strlen($handle), $handle))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // "The client MUST release all resources associated with the handle regardless of the status."
+        //  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.1.3
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Downloads a file from the SFTP server.
+     *
+     * Returns a string containing the contents of $remote_file if $local_file is left undefined or a boolean false if
+     * the operation was unsuccessful.  If $local_file is defined, returns true or false depending on the success of the
+     * operation.
+     *
+     * $offset and $length can be used to download files in chunks.
+     *
+     * @param string $remote_file
+     * @param string $local_file
+     * @param int $offset
+     * @param int $length
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function get($remote_file, $local_file = false, $offset = 0, $length = -1)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $remote_file = $this->_realpath($remote_file);
+        if ($remote_file === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*N2', strlen($remote_file), $remote_file, NET_SFTP_OPEN_READ, 0);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPEN, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS: // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        if (is_resource($local_file)) {
+            $fp = $local_file;
+            $stat = fstat($fp);
+            $res_offset = $stat['size'];
+        } else {
+            $res_offset = 0;
+            if ($local_file !== false) {
+                $fp = fopen($local_file, 'wb');
+                if (!$fp) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $content = '';
+            }
+        }
+
+        $fclose_check = $local_file !== false && !is_resource($local_file);
+
+        $start = $offset;
+        $read = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            $i = 0;
+
+            while ($i < NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE && ($length < 0 || $read < $length)) {
+                $tempoffset = $start + $read;
+
+                $packet_size = $length > 0 ? min($this->max_sftp_packet, $length - $read) : $this->max_sftp_packet;
+
+                $packet = pack('Na*N3', strlen($handle), $handle, $tempoffset / 4294967296, $tempoffset, $packet_size);
+                if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_READ, $packet)) {
+                    if ($fclose_check) {
+                        fclose($fp);
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $packet = null;
+                $read+= $packet_size;
+                $i++;
+            }
+
+            if (!$i) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            $clear_responses = false;
+            while ($i > 0) {
+                $i--;
+
+                if ($clear_responses) {
+                    $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+                }
+
+                switch ($this->packet_type) {
+                    case NET_SFTP_DATA:
+                        $temp = substr($response, 4);
+                        $offset+= strlen($temp);
+                        if ($local_file === false) {
+                            $content.= $temp;
+                        } else {
+                            fputs($fp, $temp);
+                        }
+                        $temp = null;
+                        break;
+                    case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                        // could, in theory, return false if !strlen($content) but we'll hold off for the time being
+                        $this->_logError($response);
+                        $clear_responses = true; // don't break out of the loop yet, so we can read the remaining responses
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        if ($fclose_check) {
+                            fclose($fp);
+                        }
+                        throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_DATA or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                }
+                $response = null;
+            }
+
+            if ($clear_responses) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($length > 0 && $length <= $offset - $start) {
+            if ($local_file === false) {
+                $content = substr($content, 0, $length);
+            } else {
+                ftruncate($fp, $length + $res_offset);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($fclose_check) {
+            fclose($fp);
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_close_handle($handle)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // if $content isn't set that means a file was written to
+        return isset($content) ? $content : true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes a file on the SFTP server.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param bool $recursive
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function delete($path, $recursive = true)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $path = $this->_realpath($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.3
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_REMOVE, pack('Na*', strlen($path), $path))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        // if $status isn't SSH_FX_OK it's probably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            if (!$recursive) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $i = 0;
+            $result = $this->_delete_recursive($path, $i);
+            $this->_read_put_responses($i);
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($path);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively deletes directories on the SFTP server
+     *
+     * Minimizes directory lookups and SSH_FXP_STATUS requests for speed.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param int $i
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _delete_recursive($path, &$i)
+    {
+        if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        $entries = $this->_list($path, true);
+
+        // normally $entries would have at least . and .. but it might not if the directories
+        // permissions didn't allow reading
+        if (empty($entries)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        unset($entries['.'], $entries['..']);
+        foreach ($entries as $filename => $props) {
+            if (!isset($props['type'])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $temp = $path . '/' . $filename;
+            if ($props['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+                if (!$this->_delete_recursive($temp, $i)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_REMOVE, pack('Na*', strlen($temp), $temp))) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($temp);
+
+                $i++;
+
+                if ($i >= NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+                    if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $i = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_RMDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($path), $path))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($path);
+
+        $i++;
+
+        if ($i >= NET_SFTP_QUEUE_SIZE) {
+            if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $i = 0;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether a file or directory exists
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function file_exists($path)
+    {
+        if ($this->use_stat_cache) {
+            $path = $this->_realpath($path);
+
+            $result = $this->_query_stat_cache($path);
+
+            if (isset($result)) {
+                // return true if $result is an array or if it's an stdClass object
+                return $result !== false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $this->stat($path) !== false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether the filename is a directory
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function is_dir($path)
+    {
+        $result = $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'type');
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $result === NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether the filename is a regular file
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function is_file($path)
+    {
+        $result = $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'type');
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $result === NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether the filename is a symbolic link
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function is_link($path)
+    {
+        $result = $this->_get_lstat_cache_prop($path, 'type');
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $result === NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether a file exists and is readable
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function is_readable($path)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_realpath($path);
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*N2', strlen($path), $path, NET_SFTP_OPEN_READ, 0);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPEN, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                return true;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS: // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+                return false;
+            default:
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether the filename is writable
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function is_writable($path)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_realpath($path);
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*N2', strlen($path), $path, NET_SFTP_OPEN_WRITE, 0);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPEN, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                return true;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS: // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+                return false;
+            default:
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether the filename is writeable
+     *
+     * Alias of is_writable
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function is_writeable($path)
+    {
+        return $this->is_writable($path);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets last access time of file
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function fileatime($path)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'atime');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets file modification time
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function filemtime($path)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'mtime');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets file permissions
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function fileperms($path)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'permissions');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets file owner
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function fileowner($path)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'uid');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets file group
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function filegroup($path)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'gid');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets file size
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function filesize($path)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'size');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets file type
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function filetype($path)
+    {
+        $type = $this->_get_stat_cache_prop($path, 'type');
+        if ($type === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_TYPE_BLOCK_DEVICE:
+                return 'block';
+            case NET_SFTP_TYPE_CHAR_DEVICE:
+                return 'char';
+            case NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
+                return 'dir';
+            case NET_SFTP_TYPE_FIFO:
+                return 'fifo';
+            case NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR:
+                return 'file';
+            case NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK:
+                return 'link';
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a stat properity
+     *
+     * Uses cache if appropriate.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param string $prop
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_stat_cache_prop($path, $prop)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_xstat_cache_prop($path, $prop, 'stat');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return an lstat properity
+     *
+     * Uses cache if appropriate.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param string $prop
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_lstat_cache_prop($path, $prop)
+    {
+        return $this->_get_xstat_cache_prop($path, $prop, 'lstat');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a stat or lstat properity
+     *
+     * Uses cache if appropriate.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param string $prop
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_xstat_cache_prop($path, $prop, $type)
+    {
+        if ($this->use_stat_cache) {
+            $path = $this->_realpath($path);
+
+            $result = $this->_query_stat_cache($path);
+
+            if (is_object($result) && isset($result->$type)) {
+                return $result->{$type}[$prop];
+            }
+        }
+
+        $result = $this->$type($path);
+
+        if ($result === false || !isset($result[$prop])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $result[$prop];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Renames a file or a directory on the SFTP server
+     *
+     * @param string $oldname
+     * @param string $newname
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function rename($oldname, $newname)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & SSH2::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $oldname = $this->_realpath($oldname);
+        $newname = $this->_realpath($newname);
+        if ($oldname === false || $newname === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.3
+        $packet = pack('Na*Na*', strlen($oldname), $oldname, strlen($newname), $newname);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_RENAME, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        }
+
+        // if $status isn't SSH_FX_OK it's probably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // don't move the stat cache entry over since this operation could very well change the
+        // atime and mtime attributes
+        //$this->_update_stat_cache($newname, $this->_query_stat_cache($oldname));
+        $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($oldname);
+        $this->_remove_from_stat_cache($newname);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse Attributes
+     *
+     * See '7.  File Attributes' of draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 for more info.
+     *
+     * @param string $response
+     * @return array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _parseAttributes(&$response)
+    {
+        $attr = array();
+        extract(unpack('Nflags', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        // SFTPv4+ have a type field (a byte) that follows the above flag field
+        foreach ($this->attributes as $key => $value) {
+            switch ($flags & $key) {
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_SIZE: // 0x00000001
+                    // The size attribute is defined as an unsigned 64-bit integer.
+                    // The following will use floats on 32-bit platforms, if necessary.
+                    // As can be seen in the BigInteger class, floats are generally
+                    // IEEE 754 binary64 "double precision" on such platforms and
+                    // as such can represent integers of at least 2^50 without loss
+                    // of precision. Interpreted in filesize, 2^50 bytes = 1024 TiB.
+                    $attr['size'] = hexdec(Hex::encode($this->_string_shift($response, 8)));
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_UIDGID: // 0x00000002 (SFTPv3 only)
+                    $attr+= unpack('Nuid/Ngid', $this->_string_shift($response, 8));
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS: // 0x00000004
+                    $attr+= unpack('Npermissions', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+                    // mode == permissions; permissions was the original array key and is retained for bc purposes.
+                    // mode was added because that's the more industry standard terminology
+                    $attr+= array('mode' => $attr['permissions']);
+                    $fileType = $this->_parseMode($attr['permissions']);
+                    if ($fileType !== false) {
+                        $attr+= array('type' => $fileType);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_ACCESSTIME: // 0x00000008
+                    $attr+= unpack('Natime/Nmtime', $this->_string_shift($response, 8));
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_EXTENDED: // 0x80000000
+                    extract(unpack('Ncount', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $attr[$key] = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+        return $attr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to identify the file type
+     *
+     * Quoting the SFTP RFC, "Implementations MUST NOT send bits that are not defined" but they seem to anyway
+     *
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _parseMode($mode)
+    {
+        // values come from http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/uapi/linux/stat.h#L12
+        // see, also, http://linux.die.net/man/2/stat
+        switch ($mode & 0170000) {// ie. 1111 0000 0000 0000
+            case 0000000: // no file type specified - figure out the file type using alternative means
+                return false;
+            case 0040000:
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY;
+            case 0100000:
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+            case 0120000:
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK;
+            // new types introduced in SFTPv5+
+            // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-05#section-5.2
+            case 0010000: // named pipe (fifo)
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_FIFO;
+            case 0020000: // character special
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_CHAR_DEVICE;
+            case 0060000: // block special
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_BLOCK_DEVICE;
+            case 0140000: // socket
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_SOCKET;
+            case 0160000: // whiteout
+                // "SPECIAL should be used for files that are of
+                //  a known type which cannot be expressed in the protocol"
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_SPECIAL;
+            default:
+                return NET_SFTP_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse Longname
+     *
+     * SFTPv3 doesn't provide any easy way of identifying a file type.  You could try to open
+     * a file as a directory and see if an error is returned or you could try to parse the
+     * SFTPv3-specific longname field of the SSH_FXP_NAME packet.  That's what this function does.
+     * The result is returned using the
+     * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-5.2 SFTPv4 type constants}.
+     *
+     * If the longname is in an unrecognized format bool(false) is returned.
+     *
+     * @param string $longname
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _parseLongname($longname)
+    {
+        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_file_types
+        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_permissions#Notation_of_traditional_Unix_permissions
+        if (preg_match('#^[^/]([r-][w-][xstST-]){3}#', $longname)) {
+            switch ($longname[0]) {
+                case '-':
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+                case 'd':
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY;
+                case 'l':
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK;
+                default:
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_SPECIAL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends SFTP Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. General Packet Format' of draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 for more info.
+     *
+     * @param int $type
+     * @param string $data
+     * @see self::_get_sftp_packet()
+     * @see self::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_sftp_packet($type, $data)
+    {
+        $packet = $this->request_id !== false ?
+            pack('NCNa*', strlen($data) + 5, $type, $this->request_id, $data) :
+            pack('NCa*',  strlen($data) + 1, $type, $data);
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $result = $this->_send_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL, $packet);
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        if (defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')) {
+            $packet_type = '-> ' . $this->packet_types[$type] .
+                           ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == self::LOG_REALTIME) {
+                echo "<pre>\r\n" . $this->_format_log(array($data), array($packet_type)) . "\r\n</pre>\r\n";
+                flush();
+                ob_flush();
+            } else {
+                $this->packet_type_log[] = $packet_type;
+                if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX) {
+                    $this->packet_log[] = $data;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receives SFTP Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. General Packet Format' of draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 for more info.
+     *
+     * Incidentally, the number of SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA messages has no bearing on the number of SFTP packets present.
+     * There can be one SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA messages containing two SFTP packets or there can be two SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA
+     * messages containing one SFTP packet.
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_sftp_packet()
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_sftp_packet()
+    {
+        $this->curTimeout = false;
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+
+        // SFTP packet length
+        while (strlen($this->packet_buffer) < 4) {
+            $temp = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL);
+            if (is_bool($temp)) {
+                $this->packet_type = false;
+                $this->packet_buffer = '';
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->packet_buffer.= $temp;
+        }
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer, 4)));
+        $tempLength = $length;
+        $tempLength-= strlen($this->packet_buffer);
+
+        // SFTP packet type and data payload
+        while ($tempLength > 0) {
+            $temp = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL);
+            if (is_bool($temp)) {
+                $this->packet_type = false;
+                $this->packet_buffer = '';
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->packet_buffer.= $temp;
+            $tempLength-= strlen($temp);
+        }
+
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        $this->packet_type = ord($this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer));
+
+        if ($this->request_id !== false) {
+            $this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer, 4); // remove the request id
+            $length-= 5; // account for the request id and the packet type
+        } else {
+            $length-= 1; // account for the packet type
+        }
+
+        $packet = $this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer, $length);
+
+        if (defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')) {
+            $packet_type = '<- ' . $this->packet_types[$this->packet_type] .
+                           ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == self::LOG_REALTIME) {
+                echo "<pre>\r\n" . $this->_format_log(array($packet), array($packet_type)) . "\r\n</pre>\r\n";
+                flush();
+                ob_flush();
+            } else {
+                $this->packet_type_log[] = $packet_type;
+                if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX) {
+                    $this->packet_log[] = $packet;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $packet;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a log of the packets that have been sent and received.
+     *
+     * Returns a string if NET_SFTP_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX, an array if NET_SFTP_LOGGING == self::LOG_SIMPLE and false if !defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return string or Array
+     */
+    function getSFTPLog()
+    {
+        if (!defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (NET_SFTP_LOGGING) {
+            case self::LOG_COMPLEX:
+                return $this->_format_log($this->packet_log, $this->packet_type_log);
+                break;
+            //case self::LOG_SIMPLE:
+            default:
+                return $this->packet_type_log;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all errors
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSFTPErrors()
+    {
+        return $this->sftp_errors;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the last error
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLastSFTPError()
+    {
+        return count($this->sftp_errors) ? $this->sftp_errors[count($this->sftp_errors) - 1] : '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get supported SFTP versions
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSupportedVersions()
+    {
+        $temp = array('version' => $this->version);
+        if (isset($this->extensions['versions'])) {
+            $temp['extensions'] = $this->extensions['versions'];
+        }
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @param int $reason
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _disconnect($reason)
+    {
+        $this->pwd = false;
+        parent::_disconnect($reason);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP/Stream.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP/Stream.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d19d08b837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP/Stream.php
@@ -0,0 +1,795 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * SFTP Stream Wrapper
+ *
+ * Creates an sftp:// protocol handler that can be used with, for example, fopen(), dir(), etc.
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  Net
+ * @package   SFTP
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2013 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
+
+use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+use phpseclib\Net\SFTP;
+use phpseclib\Net\SSH2;
+
+/**
+ * SFTP Stream Wrapper
+ *
+ * @package SFTP
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class Stream
+{
+    /**
+     * SFTP instances
+     *
+     * Rather than re-create the connection we re-use instances if possible
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    static $instances;
+
+    /**
+     * SFTP instance
+     *
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $sftp;
+
+    /**
+     * Path
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $path;
+
+    /**
+     * Mode
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mode;
+
+    /**
+     * Position
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $pos;
+
+    /**
+     * Size
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $size;
+
+    /**
+     * Directory entries
+     *
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $entries;
+
+    /**
+     * EOF flag
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $eof;
+
+    /**
+     * Context resource
+     *
+     * Technically this needs to be publically accessible so PHP can set it directly
+     *
+     * @var resource
+     * @access public
+     */
+    var $context;
+
+    /**
+     * Notification callback function
+     *
+     * @var callable
+     * @access public
+     */
+    var $notification;
+
+    /**
+     * Registers this class as a URL wrapper.
+     *
+     * @param string $protocol The wrapper name to be registered.
+     * @return bool True on success, false otherwise.
+     * @access public
+     */
+    static function register($protocol = 'sftp')
+    {
+        if (in_array($protocol, stream_get_wrappers(), true)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return stream_wrapper_register($protocol, get_called_class());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The Constructor
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct()
+    {
+        if (defined('NET_SFTP_STREAM_LOGGING')) {
+            echo "__construct()\r\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Path Parser
+     *
+     * Extract a path from a URI and actually connect to an SSH server if appropriate
+     *
+     * If "notification" is set as a context parameter the message code for successful login is
+     * NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS. For a failed login it's NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE.
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _parse_path($path)
+    {
+        $orig = $path;
+        extract(parse_url($path) + array('port' => 22));
+        if (isset($query)) {
+            $path.= '?' . $query;
+        } elseif (preg_match('/(\?|\?#)$/', $orig)) {
+            $path.= '?';
+        }
+        if (isset($fragment)) {
+            $path.= '#' . $fragment;
+        } elseif ($orig[strlen($orig) - 1] == '#') {
+            $path.= '#';
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($host)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($this->context)) {
+            $context = stream_context_get_params($this->context);
+            if (isset($context['notification'])) {
+                $this->notification = $context['notification'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (preg_match('/^{[a-z0-9]+}$/i', $host)) {
+            $host = SSH2::getConnectionByResourceId($host);
+            if ($host === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->sftp = $host;
+        } else {
+            if (isset($this->context)) {
+                $context = stream_context_get_options($this->context);
+            }
+            if (isset($context[$scheme]['session'])) {
+                $sftp = $context[$scheme]['session'];
+            }
+            if (isset($context[$scheme]['sftp'])) {
+                $sftp = $context[$scheme]['sftp'];
+            }
+            if (isset($sftp) && $sftp instanceof SFTP) {
+                $this->sftp = $sftp;
+                return $path;
+            }
+            if (isset($context[$scheme]['username'])) {
+                $user = $context[$scheme]['username'];
+            }
+            if (isset($context[$scheme]['password'])) {
+                $pass = $context[$scheme]['password'];
+            }
+            if (isset($context[$scheme]['privkey']) && $context[$scheme]['privkey'] instanceof RSA) {
+                $pass = $context[$scheme]['privkey'];
+            }
+
+            if (!isset($user) || !isset($pass)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // casting $pass to a string is necessary in the event that it's a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object
+            if (isset(self::$instances[$host][$port][$user][(string) $pass])) {
+                $this->sftp = self::$instances[$host][$port][$user][(string) $pass];
+            } else {
+                $this->sftp = new SFTP($host, $port);
+                $this->sftp->disableStatCache();
+                if (isset($this->notification) && is_callable($this->notification)) {
+                    /* if !is_callable($this->notification) we could do this:
+
+                       user_error('fopen(): failed to call user notifier', E_USER_WARNING);
+
+                       the ftp wrapper gives errors like that when the notifier isn't callable.
+                       i've opted not to do that, however, since the ftp wrapper gives the line
+                       on which the fopen occurred as the line number - not the line that the
+                       user_error is on.
+                    */
+                    call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_CONNECT, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_INFO, '', 0, 0, 0);
+                    call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_AUTH_REQUIRED, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_INFO, '', 0, 0, 0);
+                    if (!$this->sftp->login($user, $pass)) {
+                        call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_AUTH_RESULT, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_ERR, 'Login Failure', NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE, 0, 0);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_AUTH_RESULT, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_INFO, 'Login Success', NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, 0, 0);
+                } else {
+                    if (!$this->sftp->login($user, $pass)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                self::$instances[$host][$port][$user][(string) $pass] = $this->sftp;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Opens file or URL
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param string $mode
+     * @param int $options
+     * @param string $opened_path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_open($path, $mode, $options, &$opened_path)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_parse_path($path);
+
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->path = $path;
+
+        $this->size = $this->sftp->size($path);
+        $this->mode = preg_replace('#[bt]$#', '', $mode);
+        $this->eof = false;
+
+        if ($this->size === false) {
+            if ($this->mode[0] == 'r') {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                $this->sftp->touch($path);
+                $this->size = 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            switch ($this->mode[0]) {
+                case 'x':
+                    return false;
+                case 'w':
+                    $this->sftp->truncate($path, 0);
+                    $this->size = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->pos = $this->mode[0] != 'a' ? 0 : $this->size;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read from stream
+     *
+     * @param int $count
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_read($count)
+    {
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case 'w':
+            case 'a':
+            case 'x':
+            case 'c':
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        // commented out because some files - eg. /dev/urandom - will say their size is 0 when in fact it's kinda infinite
+        //if ($this->pos >= $this->size) {
+        //    $this->eof = true;
+        //    return false;
+        //}
+
+        $result = $this->sftp->get($this->path, false, $this->pos, $count);
+        if (isset($this->notification) && is_callable($this->notification)) {
+            if ($result === false) {
+                call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_FAILURE, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_ERR, $this->sftp->getLastSFTPError(), NET_SFTP_OPEN, 0, 0);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            // seems that PHP calls stream_read in 8k chunks
+            call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_PROGRESS, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_INFO, '', 0, strlen($result), $this->size);
+        }
+
+        if (empty($result)) { // ie. false or empty string
+            $this->eof = true;
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->pos+= strlen($result);
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write to stream
+     *
+     * @param string $data
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_write($data)
+    {
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case 'r':
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = $this->sftp->put($this->path, $data, SFTP::SOURCE_STRING, $this->pos);
+        if (isset($this->notification) && is_callable($this->notification)) {
+            if (!$result) {
+                call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_FAILURE, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_ERR, $this->sftp->getLastSFTPError(), NET_SFTP_OPEN, 0, 0);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            // seems that PHP splits up strings into 8k blocks before calling stream_write
+            call_user_func($this->notification, STREAM_NOTIFY_PROGRESS, STREAM_NOTIFY_SEVERITY_INFO, '', 0, strlen($data), strlen($data));
+        }
+
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->pos+= strlen($data);
+        if ($this->pos > $this->size) {
+            $this->size = $this->pos;
+        }
+        $this->eof = false;
+        return strlen($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the current position of a stream
+     *
+     * @return int
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_tell()
+    {
+        return $this->pos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests for end-of-file on a file pointer
+     *
+     * In my testing there are four classes functions that normally effect the pointer:
+     * fseek, fputs  / fwrite, fgets / fread and ftruncate.
+     *
+     * Only fgets / fread, however, results in feof() returning true. do fputs($fp, 'aaa') on a blank file and feof()
+     * will return false. do fread($fp, 1) and feof() will then return true. do fseek($fp, 10) on ablank file and feof()
+     * will return false. do fread($fp, 1) and feof() will then return true.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_eof()
+    {
+        return $this->eof;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Seeks to specific location in a stream
+     *
+     * @param int $offset
+     * @param int $whence
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_seek($offset, $whence)
+    {
+        switch ($whence) {
+            case SEEK_SET:
+                if ($offset >= $this->size || $offset < 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case SEEK_CUR:
+                $offset+= $this->pos;
+                break;
+            case SEEK_END:
+                $offset+= $this->size;
+        }
+
+        $this->pos = $offset;
+        $this->eof = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change stream options
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param int $option
+     * @param mixed $var
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_metadata($path, $option, $var)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_parse_path($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // stream_metadata was introduced in PHP 5.4.0 but as of 5.4.11 the constants haven't been defined
+        // see http://www.php.net/streamwrapper.stream-metadata and https://bugs.php.net/64246
+        //     and https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/master/main/php_streams.h#L592
+        switch ($option) {
+            case 1: // PHP_STREAM_META_TOUCH
+                return $this->sftp->touch($path, $var[0], $var[1]);
+            case 2: // PHP_STREAM_OWNER_NAME
+            case 3: // PHP_STREAM_GROUP_NAME
+                return false;
+            case 4: // PHP_STREAM_META_OWNER
+                return $this->sftp->chown($path, $var);
+            case 5: // PHP_STREAM_META_GROUP
+                return $this->sftp->chgrp($path, $var);
+            case 6: // PHP_STREAM_META_ACCESS
+                return $this->sftp->chmod($path, $var) !== false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the underlaying resource
+     *
+     * @param int $cast_as
+     * @return resource
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_cast($cast_as)
+    {
+        return $this->sftp->fsock;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Advisory file locking
+     *
+     * @param int $operation
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_lock($operation)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Renames a file or directory
+     *
+     * Attempts to rename oldname to newname, moving it between directories if necessary.
+     * If newname exists, it will be overwritten.  This is a departure from what \phpseclib\Net\SFTP
+     * does.
+     *
+     * @param string $path_from
+     * @param string $path_to
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _rename($path_from, $path_to)
+    {
+        $path1 = parse_url($path_from);
+        $path2 = parse_url($path_to);
+        unset($path1['path'], $path2['path']);
+        if ($path1 != $path2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $path_from = $this->_parse_path($path_from);
+        $path_to = parse_url($path_to);
+        if ($path_from === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $path_to = $path_to['path']; // the $component part of parse_url() was added in PHP 5.1.2
+        // "It is an error if there already exists a file with the name specified by newpath."
+        //  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-02#section-6.5
+        if (!$this->sftp->rename($path_from, $path_to)) {
+            if ($this->sftp->stat($path_to)) {
+                return $this->sftp->delete($path_to, true) && $this->sftp->rename($path_from, $path_to);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open directory handle
+     *
+     * The only $options is "whether or not to enforce safe_mode (0x04)". Since safe mode was deprecated in 5.3 and
+     * removed in 5.4 I'm just going to ignore it.
+     *
+     * Also, nlist() is the best that this function is realistically going to be able to do. When an SFTP client
+     * sends a SSH_FXP_READDIR packet you don't generally get info on just one file but on multiple files. Quoting
+     * the SFTP specs:
+     *
+     *    The SSH_FXP_NAME response has the following format:
+     *
+     *        uint32     id
+     *        uint32     count
+     *        repeats count times:
+     *                string     filename
+     *                string     longname
+     *                ATTRS      attrs
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param int $options
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _dir_opendir($path, $options)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_parse_path($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->pos = 0;
+        $this->entries = $this->sftp->nlist($path);
+        return $this->entries !== false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read entry from directory handle
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _dir_readdir()
+    {
+        if (isset($this->entries[$this->pos])) {
+            return $this->entries[$this->pos++];
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rewind directory handle
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _dir_rewinddir()
+    {
+        $this->pos = 0;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close directory handle
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _dir_closedir()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a directory
+     *
+     * Only valid $options is STREAM_MKDIR_RECURSIVE
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @param int $options
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _mkdir($path, $mode, $options)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_parse_path($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->sftp->mkdir($path, $mode, $options & STREAM_MKDIR_RECURSIVE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a directory
+     *
+     * Only valid $options is STREAM_MKDIR_RECURSIVE per <http://php.net/streamwrapper.rmdir>, however,
+     * <http://php.net/rmdir>  does not have a $recursive parameter as mkdir() does so I don't know how
+     * STREAM_MKDIR_RECURSIVE is supposed to be set. Also, when I try it out with rmdir() I get 8 as
+     * $options. What does 8 correspond to?
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @param int $options
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _rmdir($path, $options)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_parse_path($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->sftp->rmdir($path);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flushes the output
+     *
+     * See <http://php.net/fflush>. Always returns true because \phpseclib\Net\SFTP doesn't cache stuff before writing
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_flush()
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve information about a file resource
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_stat()
+    {
+        $results = $this->sftp->stat($this->path);
+        if ($results === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $results;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a file
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _unlink($path)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_parse_path($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->sftp->delete($path, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve information about a file
+     *
+     * Ignores the STREAM_URL_STAT_QUIET flag because the entirety of \phpseclib\Net\SFTP\Stream is quiet by default
+     * might be worthwhile to reconstruct bits 12-16 (ie. the file type) if mode doesn't have them but we'll
+     * cross that bridge when and if it's reached
+     *
+     * @param string $path
+     * @param int $flags
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _url_stat($path, $flags)
+    {
+        $path = $this->_parse_path($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $results = $flags & STREAM_URL_STAT_LINK ? $this->sftp->lstat($path) : $this->sftp->stat($path);
+        if ($results === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $results;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Truncate stream
+     *
+     * @param int $new_size
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_truncate($new_size)
+    {
+        if (!$this->sftp->truncate($this->path, $new_size)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->eof = false;
+        $this->size = $new_size;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change stream options
+     *
+     * STREAM_OPTION_WRITE_BUFFER isn't supported for the same reason stream_flush isn't.
+     * The other two aren't supported because of limitations in \phpseclib\Net\SFTP.
+     *
+     * @param int $option
+     * @param int $arg1
+     * @param int $arg2
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_set_option($option, $arg1, $arg2)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close an resource
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _stream_close()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * __call Magic Method
+     *
+     * When you're utilizing an SFTP stream you're not calling the methods in this class directly - PHP is calling them for you.
+     * Which kinda begs the question... what methods is PHP calling and what parameters is it passing to them? This function
+     * lets you figure that out.
+     *
+     * If NET_SFTP_STREAM_LOGGING is defined all calls will be output on the screen and then (regardless of whether or not
+     * NET_SFTP_STREAM_LOGGING is enabled) the parameters will be passed through to the appropriate method.
+     *
+     * @param string
+     * @param array
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __call($name, $arguments)
+    {
+        if (defined('NET_SFTP_STREAM_LOGGING')) {
+            echo $name . '(';
+            $last = count($arguments) - 1;
+            foreach ($arguments as $i => $argument) {
+                var_export($argument);
+                if ($i != $last) {
+                    echo ',';
+                }
+            }
+            echo ")\r\n";
+        }
+        $name = '_' . $name;
+        if (!method_exists($this, $name)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return call_user_func_array(array($this, $name), $arguments);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SSH1.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SSH1.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ed4a002a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SSH1.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1607 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv1.
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new \phpseclib\Net\SSH1('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('ls -la');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * Here's another short example:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new \phpseclib\Net\SSH1('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ *    $ssh->write("ls -la\n");
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * More information on the SSHv1 specification can be found by reading
+ * {@link http://www.snailbook.com/docs/protocol-1.5.txt protocol-1.5.txt}.
+ *
+ * @category  Net
+ * @package   SSH1
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Net;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Hex;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\DES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv1.
+ *
+ * @package SSH1
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class SSH1
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * Encryption Methods
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH1::getSupportedCiphers()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    /**
+     * No encryption
+     *
+     * Not supported.
+     */
+    const CIPHER_NONE = 0;
+    /**
+     * IDEA in CFB mode
+     *
+     * Not supported.
+     */
+    const CIPHER_IDEA = 1;
+    /**
+     * DES in CBC mode
+     */
+    const CIPHER_DES = 2;
+    /**
+     * Triple-DES in CBC mode
+     *
+     * All implementations are required to support this
+     */
+    const CIPHER_3DES = 3;
+    /**
+     * TRI's Simple Stream encryption CBC
+     *
+     * Not supported nor is it defined in the official SSH1 specs.  OpenSSH, however, does define it (see cipher.h),
+     * although it doesn't use it (see cipher.c)
+     */
+    const CIPHER_BROKEN_TSS = 4;
+    /**
+     * RC4
+     *
+     * Not supported.
+     *
+     * @internal According to the SSH1 specs:
+     *
+     *        "The first 16 bytes of the session key are used as the key for
+     *         the server to client direction.  The remaining 16 bytes are used
+     *         as the key for the client to server direction.  This gives
+     *         independent 128-bit keys for each direction."
+     *
+     *     This library currently only supports encryption when the same key is being used for both directions.  This is
+     *     because there's only one $crypto object.  Two could be added ($encrypt and $decrypt, perhaps).
+     */
+    const CIPHER_RC4 = 5;
+    /**
+     * Blowfish
+     *
+     * Not supported nor is it defined in the official SSH1 specs.  OpenSSH, however, defines it (see cipher.h) and
+     * uses it (see cipher.c)
+     */
+    const CIPHER_BLOWFISH = 6;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Authentication Methods
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH1::getSupportedAuthentications()
+     * @access public
+    */
+    /**
+     * .rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv
+     */
+    const AUTH_RHOSTS = 1;
+    /**
+     * pure RSA authentication
+     */
+    const AUTH_RSA = 2;
+    /**
+     * password authentication
+     *
+     * This is the only method that is supported by this library.
+     */
+    const AUTH_PASSWORD = 3;
+    /**
+     * .rhosts with RSA host authentication
+     */
+    const AUTH_RHOSTS_RSA = 4;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Terminal Modes
+     *
+     * @link http://3sp.com/content/developer/maverick-net/docs/Maverick.SSH.PseudoTerminalModesMembers.html
+     * @access private
+    */
+    const TTY_OP_END = 0;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * The Response Type
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH1::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    const RESPONSE_TYPE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The Response Data
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH1::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    const RESPONSE_DATA = 2;
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Execution Bitmap Masks
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH1::bitmap
+     * @access private
+    */
+    const MASK_CONSTRUCTOR = 0x00000001;
+    const MASK_CONNECTED   = 0x00000002;
+    const MASK_LOGIN       = 0x00000004;
+    const MASK_SHELL       = 0x00000008;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH1::getLog()
+    */
+    /**
+     * Returns the message numbers
+     */
+    const LOG_SIMPLE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Returns the message content
+     */
+    const LOG_COMPLEX = 2;
+    /**
+     * Outputs the content real-time
+     */
+    const LOG_REALTIME = 3;
+    /**
+     * Dumps the content real-time to a file
+     */
+    const LOG_REALTIME_FILE = 4;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH1::read()
+    */
+    /**
+     * Returns when a string matching $expect exactly is found
+     */
+    const READ_SIMPLE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Returns when a string matching the regular expression $expect is found
+     */
+    const READ_REGEX = 2;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * The SSH identifier
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $identifier = 'SSH-1.5-phpseclib';
+
+    /**
+     * The Socket Object
+     *
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $fsock;
+
+    /**
+     * The cryptography object
+     *
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $crypto = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Execution Bitmap
+     *
+     * The bits that are set represent functions that have been called already.  This is used to determine
+     * if a requisite function has been successfully executed.  If not, an error should be thrown.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $bitmap = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The Server Key Public Exponent
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerKeyPublicExponent()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_key_public_exponent;
+
+    /**
+     * The Server Key Public Modulus
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerKeyPublicModulus()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_key_public_modulus;
+
+    /**
+     * The Host Key Public Exponent
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see self::getHostKeyPublicExponent()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $host_key_public_exponent;
+
+    /**
+     * The Host Key Public Modulus
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see self::getHostKeyPublicModulus()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $host_key_public_modulus;
+
+    /**
+     * Supported Ciphers
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see self::getSupportedCiphers()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $supported_ciphers = array(
+        self::CIPHER_NONE       => 'No encryption',
+        self::CIPHER_IDEA       => 'IDEA in CFB mode',
+        self::CIPHER_DES        => 'DES in CBC mode',
+        self::CIPHER_3DES       => 'Triple-DES in CBC mode',
+        self::CIPHER_BROKEN_TSS => 'TRI\'s Simple Stream encryption CBC',
+        self::CIPHER_RC4        => 'RC4',
+        self::CIPHER_BLOWFISH   => 'Blowfish'
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Supported Authentications
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see self::getSupportedAuthentications()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $supported_authentications = array(
+        self::AUTH_RHOSTS     => '.rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv',
+        self::AUTH_RSA        => 'pure RSA authentication',
+        self::AUTH_PASSWORD   => 'password authentication',
+        self::AUTH_RHOSTS_RSA => '.rhosts with RSA host authentication'
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Server Identification
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerIdentification()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_identification = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol Flags
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $protocol_flags = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol Flag Log
+     *
+     * @see self::getLog()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $protocol_flag_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Message Log
+     *
+     * @see self::getLog()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file pointer
+     *
+     * @see self::_append_log()
+     * @var resource
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_file;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file size
+     *
+     * @see self::_append_log()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file wrap boolean
+     *
+     * @see self::_append_log()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_wrap;
+
+    /**
+     * Interactive Buffer
+     *
+     * @see self::read()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $interactiveBuffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Timeout
+     *
+     * @see self::setTimeout()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $timeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Timeout
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $curTimeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Log Boundary
+     *
+     * @see self::_format_log()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_boundary = ':';
+
+    /**
+     * Log Long Width
+     *
+     * @see self::_format_log()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_long_width = 65;
+
+    /**
+     * Log Short Width
+     *
+     * @see self::_format_log()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_short_width = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Hostname
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_connect()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $host;
+
+    /**
+     * Port Number
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_connect()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $port;
+
+    /**
+     * Timeout for initial connection
+     *
+     * Set by the constructor call. Calling setTimeout() is optional. If it's not called functions like
+     * exec() won't timeout unless some PHP setting forces it too. The timeout specified in the constructor,
+     * however, is non-optional. There will be a timeout, whether or not you set it. If you don't it'll be
+     * 10 seconds. It is used by fsockopen() in that function.
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_connect()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $connectionTimeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Default cipher
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_connect()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $cipher;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Connects to an SSHv1 server
+     *
+     * @param string $host
+     * @param int $port
+     * @param int $timeout
+     * @param int $cipher
+     * @return \phpseclib\Net\SSH1
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct($host, $port = 22, $timeout = 10, $cipher = self::CIPHER_3DES)
+    {
+        $this->protocol_flags = array(
+            1  => 'NET_SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT',
+            2  => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY',
+            3  => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_SESSION_KEY',
+            4  => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_USER',
+            9  => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD',
+            10 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY',
+            12 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL',
+            13 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_CMD',
+            14 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS',
+            15 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE',
+            16 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA',
+            17 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_STDOUT_DATA',
+            18 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA',
+            19 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EOF',
+            20 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_EXITSTATUS',
+            33 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION'
+        );
+
+        $this->_define_array($this->protocol_flags);
+
+        $this->host = $host;
+        $this->port = $port;
+        $this->connectionTimeout = $timeout;
+        $this->cipher = $cipher;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Connect to an SSHv1 server
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on other errors
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _connect()
+    {
+        $this->fsock = @fsockopen($this->host, $this->port, $errno, $errstr, $this->connectionTimeout);
+        if (!$this->fsock) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException(rtrim("Cannot connect to $host. Error $errno. $errstr"));
+        }
+
+        $this->server_identification = $init_line = fgets($this->fsock, 255);
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            $this->_append_log('<-', $this->server_identification);
+            $this->_append_log('->', $this->identifier . "\r\n");
+        }
+
+        if (!preg_match('#SSH-([0-9\.]+)-(.+)#', $init_line, $parts)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Can only connect to SSH servers');
+        }
+        if ($parts[1][0] != 1) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException("Cannot connect to $parts[1] servers");
+        }
+
+        fputs($this->fsock, $this->identifier."\r\n");
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY');
+        }
+
+        $anti_spoofing_cookie = $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 8);
+
+        $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $server_key_public_exponent = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->server_key_public_exponent = $server_key_public_exponent;
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $server_key_public_modulus = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->server_key_public_modulus = $server_key_public_modulus;
+
+        $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $host_key_public_exponent = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->host_key_public_exponent = $host_key_public_exponent;
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $host_key_public_modulus = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->host_key_public_modulus = $host_key_public_modulus;
+
+        $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+
+        // get a list of the supported ciphers
+        extract(unpack('Nsupported_ciphers_mask', $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4)));
+        foreach ($this->supported_ciphers as $mask => $name) {
+            if (($supported_ciphers_mask & (1 << $mask)) == 0) {
+                unset($this->supported_ciphers[$mask]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get a list of the supported authentications
+        extract(unpack('Nsupported_authentications_mask', $this->_string_shift($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4)));
+        foreach ($this->supported_authentications as $mask => $name) {
+            if (($supported_authentications_mask & (1 << $mask)) == 0) {
+                unset($this->supported_authentications[$mask]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $session_id = md5($host_key_public_modulus->toBytes() . $server_key_public_modulus->toBytes() . $anti_spoofing_cookie, true);
+
+        $session_key = Random::string(32);
+        $double_encrypted_session_key = $session_key ^ str_pad($session_id, 32, chr(0));
+
+        if ($server_key_public_modulus->compare($host_key_public_modulus) < 0) {
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $server_key_public_exponent,
+                    $server_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $host_key_public_exponent,
+                    $host_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+        } else {
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $host_key_public_exponent,
+                    $host_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $server_key_public_exponent,
+                    $server_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        $cipher = isset($this->supported_ciphers[$this->cipher]) ? $this->cipher : self::CIPHER_3DES;
+        $data = pack('C2a*na*N', NET_SSH1_CMSG_SESSION_KEY, $cipher, $anti_spoofing_cookie, 8 * strlen($double_encrypted_session_key), $double_encrypted_session_key, 0);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Error sending SSH_CMSG_SESSION_KEY');
+        }
+
+        switch ($cipher) {
+            //case self::CIPHER_NONE:
+            //    $this->crypto = new \phpseclib\Crypt\Null();
+            //    break;
+            case self::CIPHER_DES:
+                $this->crypto = new DES(DES::MODE_CBC);
+                $this->crypto->disablePadding();
+                $this->crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
+                $this->crypto->setKey(substr($session_key, 0,  8));
+                // "The iv (initialization vector) is initialized to all zeroes."
+                $this->crypto->setIV(str_repeat("\0", 8));
+                break;
+            case self::CIPHER_3DES:
+                $this->crypto = new TripleDES(TripleDES::MODE_3CBC);
+                $this->crypto->disablePadding();
+                $this->crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
+                $this->crypto->setKey(substr($session_key, 0, 24));
+                // "All three initialization vectors are initialized to zero."
+                $this->crypto->setIV(str_repeat("\0", 8));
+                break;
+            //case self::CIPHER_RC4:
+            //    $this->crypto = new RC4();
+            //    $this->crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            //    $this->crypto->setKey(substr($session_key, 0,  16));
+            //    break;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS');
+        }
+
+        $this->bitmap = self::MASK_CONNECTED;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param string $password
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on other errors
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function login($username, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONSTRUCTOR)) {
+            $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_CONSTRUCTOR;
+            if (!$this->_connect()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONNECTED)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_USER, strlen($username), $username);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Error sending SSH_CMSG_USER');
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] == NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN;
+            return true;
+        } elseif ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS or SSH_SMSG_FAILURE');
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD, strlen($password), $password);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Error sending SSH_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD');
+        }
+
+        // remove the username and password from the last logged packet
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING') && NET_SSH1_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX) {
+            $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD, strlen('password'), 'password');
+            $this->message_log[count($this->message_log) - 1] = $data;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] == NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN;
+            return true;
+        } elseif ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] == NET_SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS or SSH_SMSG_FAILURE');
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Timeout
+     *
+     * $ssh->exec('ping 127.0.0.1'); on a Linux host will never return and will run indefinitely.  setTimeout() makes it so it'll timeout.
+     * Setting $timeout to false or 0 will mean there is no timeout.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $timeout
+     */
+    function setTimeout($timeout)
+    {
+        $this->timeout = $this->curTimeout = $timeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a command on a non-interactive shell, returns the output, and quits.
+     *
+     * An SSH1 server will close the connection after a command has been executed on a non-interactive shell.  SSH2
+     * servers don't, however, this isn't an SSH2 client.  The way this works, on the server, is by initiating a
+     * shell with the -s option, as discussed in the following links:
+     *
+     * {@link http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_65.html http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_65.html}
+     * {@link http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_62.html http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_62.html}
+     *
+     * To execute further commands, a new \phpseclib\Net\SSH1 object will need to be created.
+     *
+     * Returns false on failure and the output, otherwise.
+     *
+     * @see self::interactiveRead()
+     * @see self::interactiveWrite()
+     * @param string $cmd
+     * @return mixed
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on error sending command
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function exec($cmd, $block = true)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_CMD, strlen($cmd), $cmd);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Error sending SSH_CMSG_EXEC_CMD');
+        }
+
+        if (!$block) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $output = '';
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response !== false) {
+            do {
+                $output.= substr($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+                $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            } while (is_array($response) && $response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_EXITSTATUS);
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION);
+
+        // i don't think it's really all that important if this packet gets sent or not.
+        $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+
+        fclose($this->fsock);
+
+        // reset the execution bitmap - a new \phpseclib\Net\SSH1 object needs to be created.
+        $this->bitmap = 0;
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an interactive shell
+     *
+     * @see self::interactiveRead()
+     * @see self::interactiveWrite()
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on other errors
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _initShell()
+    {
+        // connect using the sample parameters in protocol-1.5.txt.
+        // according to wikipedia.org's entry on text terminals, "the fundamental type of application running on a text
+        // terminal is a command line interpreter or shell".  thus, opening a terminal session to run the shell.
+        $data = pack('CNa*N4C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY, strlen('vt100'), 'vt100', 24, 80, 0, 0, self::TTY_OP_END);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Error sending SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY');
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS');
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Error sending SSH_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL');
+        }
+
+        $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_SHELL;
+
+        //stream_set_blocking($this->fsock, 0);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inputs a command into an interactive shell.
+     *
+     * @see self::interactiveWrite()
+     * @param string $cmd
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function write($cmd)
+    {
+        return $this->interactiveWrite($cmd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the output of an interactive shell when there's a match for $expect
+     *
+     * $expect can take the form of a string literal or, if $mode == self::READ__REGEX,
+     * a regular expression.
+     *
+     * @see self::write()
+     * @param string $expect
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function read($expect, $mode = self::READ__SIMPLE)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+        }
+
+        $match = $expect;
+        while (true) {
+            if ($mode == self::READ__REGEX) {
+                preg_match($expect, $this->interactiveBuffer, $matches);
+                $match = isset($matches[0]) ? $matches[0] : '';
+            }
+            $pos = strlen($match) ? strpos($this->interactiveBuffer, $match) : false;
+            if ($pos !== false) {
+                return $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, $pos + strlen($match));
+            }
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+            if ($response === true) {
+                return $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, strlen($this->interactiveBuffer));
+            }
+            $this->interactiveBuffer.= substr($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inputs a command into an interactive shell.
+     *
+     * @see self::interactiveRead()
+     * @param string $cmd
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function interactiveWrite($cmd)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA, strlen($cmd), $cmd);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Error sending SSH_CMSG_STDIN');
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the output of an interactive shell when no more output is available.
+     *
+     * Requires PHP 4.3.0 or later due to the use of the stream_select() function.  If you see stuff like
+     * "^[[00m", you're seeing ANSI escape codes.  According to
+     * {@link http://support.microsoft.com/kb/101875 How to Enable ANSI.SYS in a Command Window}, "Windows NT
+     * does not support ANSI escape sequences in Win32 Console applications", so if you're a Windows user,
+     * there's not going to be much recourse.
+     *
+     * @see self::interactiveRead()
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function interactiveRead()
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+        }
+
+        $read = array($this->fsock);
+        $write = $except = null;
+        if (stream_select($read, $write, $except, 0)) {
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            return substr($response[self::RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+        } else {
+            return '';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disconnect()
+    {
+        $this->_disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructor.
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, if you're supporting just PHP5.  If you're supporting PHP4, you'll need to call
+     * disconnect().
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __destruct()
+    {
+        $this->_disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @param string $msg
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _disconnect($msg = 'Client Quit')
+    {
+        if ($this->bitmap) {
+            $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EOF);
+            $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+            /*
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === true) {
+                $response = array(self::RESPONSE_TYPE => -1);
+            }
+            switch ($response[self::RESPONSE_TYPE]) {
+                case NET_SSH1_SMSG_EXITSTATUS:
+                    $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT, strlen($msg), $msg);
+            }
+            */
+            $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT, strlen($msg), $msg);
+
+            $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+            fclose($this->fsock);
+            $this->bitmap = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets Binary Packets
+     *
+     * See 'The Binary Packet Protocol' of protocol-1.5.txt for more info.
+     *
+     * Also, this function could be improved upon by adding detection for the following exploit:
+     * http://www.securiteam.com/securitynews/5LP042K3FY.html
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @return array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_binary_packet()
+    {
+        if (feof($this->fsock)) {
+            //user_error('connection closed prematurely');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->curTimeout) {
+            $read = array($this->fsock);
+            $write = $except = null;
+
+            $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+            $sec = floor($this->curTimeout);
+            $usec = 1000000 * ($this->curTimeout - $sec);
+            // on windows this returns a "Warning: Invalid CRT parameters detected" error
+            if (!@stream_select($read, $write, $except, $sec, $usec) && !count($read)) {
+                //$this->_disconnect('Timeout');
+                return true;
+            }
+            $elapsed = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('') - $start;
+            $this->curTimeout-= $elapsed;
+        }
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', fread($this->fsock, 4));
+
+        $padding_length = 8 - ($temp['length'] & 7);
+        $length = $temp['length'] + $padding_length;
+        $raw = '';
+
+        while ($length > 0) {
+            $temp = fread($this->fsock, $length);
+            $raw.= $temp;
+            $length-= strlen($temp);
+        }
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        if (strlen($raw) && $this->crypto !== false) {
+            $raw = $this->crypto->decrypt($raw);
+        }
+
+        $padding = substr($raw, 0, $padding_length);
+        $type = $raw[$padding_length];
+        $data = substr($raw, $padding_length + 1, -4);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Ncrc', substr($raw, -4));
+
+        //if ( $temp['crc'] != $this->_crc($padding . $type . $data) ) {
+        //    user_error('Bad CRC in packet from server');
+        //    return false;
+        //}
+
+        $type = ord($type);
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            $temp = isset($this->protocol_flags[$type]) ? $this->protocol_flags[$type] : 'UNKNOWN';
+            $temp = '<- ' . $temp .
+                    ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($temp, $data);
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            self::RESPONSE_TYPE => $type,
+            self::RESPONSE_DATA => $data
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends Binary Packets
+     *
+     * Returns true on success, false on failure.
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @param string $data
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_binary_packet($data)
+    {
+        if (feof($this->fsock)) {
+            //user_error('connection closed prematurely');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $length = strlen($data) + 4;
+
+        $padding = Random::string(8 - ($length & 7));
+
+        $orig = $data;
+        $data = $padding . $data;
+        $data.= pack('N', $this->_crc($data));
+
+        if ($this->crypto !== false) {
+            $data = $this->crypto->encrypt($data);
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*', $length, $data);
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $result = strlen($packet) == fputs($this->fsock, $packet);
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            $temp = isset($this->protocol_flags[ord($orig[0])]) ? $this->protocol_flags[ord($orig[0])] : 'UNKNOWN';
+            $temp = '-> ' . $temp .
+                    ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($temp, $orig);
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
+     *
+     * PHP's crc32 function is implemented slightly differently than the one that SSH v1 uses, so
+     * we've reimplemented it. A more detailed discussion of the differences can be found after
+     * $crc_lookup_table's initialization.
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @param string $data
+     * @return int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _crc($data)
+    {
+        static $crc_lookup_table = array(
+            0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xEE0E612C, 0x990951BA,
+            0x076DC419, 0x706AF48F, 0xE963A535, 0x9E6495A3,
+            0x0EDB8832, 0x79DCB8A4, 0xE0D5E91E, 0x97D2D988,
+            0x09B64C2B, 0x7EB17CBD, 0xE7B82D07, 0x90BF1D91,
+            0x1DB71064, 0x6AB020F2, 0xF3B97148, 0x84BE41DE,
+            0x1ADAD47D, 0x6DDDE4EB, 0xF4D4B551, 0x83D385C7,
+            0x136C9856, 0x646BA8C0, 0xFD62F97A, 0x8A65C9EC,
+            0x14015C4F, 0x63066CD9, 0xFA0F3D63, 0x8D080DF5,
+            0x3B6E20C8, 0x4C69105E, 0xD56041E4, 0xA2677172,
+            0x3C03E4D1, 0x4B04D447, 0xD20D85FD, 0xA50AB56B,
+            0x35B5A8FA, 0x42B2986C, 0xDBBBC9D6, 0xACBCF940,
+            0x32D86CE3, 0x45DF5C75, 0xDCD60DCF, 0xABD13D59,
+            0x26D930AC, 0x51DE003A, 0xC8D75180, 0xBFD06116,
+            0x21B4F4B5, 0x56B3C423, 0xCFBA9599, 0xB8BDA50F,
+            0x2802B89E, 0x5F058808, 0xC60CD9B2, 0xB10BE924,
+            0x2F6F7C87, 0x58684C11, 0xC1611DAB, 0xB6662D3D,
+            0x76DC4190, 0x01DB7106, 0x98D220BC, 0xEFD5102A,
+            0x71B18589, 0x06B6B51F, 0x9FBFE4A5, 0xE8B8D433,
+            0x7807C9A2, 0x0F00F934, 0x9609A88E, 0xE10E9818,
+            0x7F6A0DBB, 0x086D3D2D, 0x91646C97, 0xE6635C01,
+            0x6B6B51F4, 0x1C6C6162, 0x856530D8, 0xF262004E,
+            0x6C0695ED, 0x1B01A57B, 0x8208F4C1, 0xF50FC457,
+            0x65B0D9C6, 0x12B7E950, 0x8BBEB8EA, 0xFCB9887C,
+            0x62DD1DDF, 0x15DA2D49, 0x8CD37CF3, 0xFBD44C65,
+            0x4DB26158, 0x3AB551CE, 0xA3BC0074, 0xD4BB30E2,
+            0x4ADFA541, 0x3DD895D7, 0xA4D1C46D, 0xD3D6F4FB,
+            0x4369E96A, 0x346ED9FC, 0xAD678846, 0xDA60B8D0,
+            0x44042D73, 0x33031DE5, 0xAA0A4C5F, 0xDD0D7CC9,
+            0x5005713C, 0x270241AA, 0xBE0B1010, 0xC90C2086,
+            0x5768B525, 0x206F85B3, 0xB966D409, 0xCE61E49F,
+            0x5EDEF90E, 0x29D9C998, 0xB0D09822, 0xC7D7A8B4,
+            0x59B33D17, 0x2EB40D81, 0xB7BD5C3B, 0xC0BA6CAD,
+            0xEDB88320, 0x9ABFB3B6, 0x03B6E20C, 0x74B1D29A,
+            0xEAD54739, 0x9DD277AF, 0x04DB2615, 0x73DC1683,
+            0xE3630B12, 0x94643B84, 0x0D6D6A3E, 0x7A6A5AA8,
+            0xE40ECF0B, 0x9309FF9D, 0x0A00AE27, 0x7D079EB1,
+            0xF00F9344, 0x8708A3D2, 0x1E01F268, 0x6906C2FE,
+            0xF762575D, 0x806567CB, 0x196C3671, 0x6E6B06E7,
+            0xFED41B76, 0x89D32BE0, 0x10DA7A5A, 0x67DD4ACC,
+            0xF9B9DF6F, 0x8EBEEFF9, 0x17B7BE43, 0x60B08ED5,
+            0xD6D6A3E8, 0xA1D1937E, 0x38D8C2C4, 0x4FDFF252,
+            0xD1BB67F1, 0xA6BC5767, 0x3FB506DD, 0x48B2364B,
+            0xD80D2BDA, 0xAF0A1B4C, 0x36034AF6, 0x41047A60,
+            0xDF60EFC3, 0xA867DF55, 0x316E8EEF, 0x4669BE79,
+            0xCB61B38C, 0xBC66831A, 0x256FD2A0, 0x5268E236,
+            0xCC0C7795, 0xBB0B4703, 0x220216B9, 0x5505262F,
+            0xC5BA3BBE, 0xB2BD0B28, 0x2BB45A92, 0x5CB36A04,
+            0xC2D7FFA7, 0xB5D0CF31, 0x2CD99E8B, 0x5BDEAE1D,
+            0x9B64C2B0, 0xEC63F226, 0x756AA39C, 0x026D930A,
+            0x9C0906A9, 0xEB0E363F, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
+            0x95BF4A82, 0xE2B87A14, 0x7BB12BAE, 0x0CB61B38,
+            0x92D28E9B, 0xE5D5BE0D, 0x7CDCEFB7, 0x0BDBDF21,
+            0x86D3D2D4, 0xF1D4E242, 0x68DDB3F8, 0x1FDA836E,
+            0x81BE16CD, 0xF6B9265B, 0x6FB077E1, 0x18B74777,
+            0x88085AE6, 0xFF0F6A70, 0x66063BCA, 0x11010B5C,
+            0x8F659EFF, 0xF862AE69, 0x616BFFD3, 0x166CCF45,
+            0xA00AE278, 0xD70DD2EE, 0x4E048354, 0x3903B3C2,
+            0xA7672661, 0xD06016F7, 0x4969474D, 0x3E6E77DB,
+            0xAED16A4A, 0xD9D65ADC, 0x40DF0B66, 0x37D83BF0,
+            0xA9BCAE53, 0xDEBB9EC5, 0x47B2CF7F, 0x30B5FFE9,
+            0xBDBDF21C, 0xCABAC28A, 0x53B39330, 0x24B4A3A6,
+            0xBAD03605, 0xCDD70693, 0x54DE5729, 0x23D967BF,
+            0xB3667A2E, 0xC4614AB8, 0x5D681B02, 0x2A6F2B94,
+            0xB40BBE37, 0xC30C8EA1, 0x5A05DF1B, 0x2D02EF8D
+        );
+
+        // For this function to yield the same output as PHP's crc32 function, $crc would have to be
+        // set to 0xFFFFFFFF, initially - not 0x00000000 as it currently is.
+        $crc = 0x00000000;
+        $length = strlen($data);
+
+        for ($i=0; $i<$length; $i++) {
+            // We AND $crc >> 8 with 0x00FFFFFF because we want the eight newly added bits to all
+            // be zero.  PHP, unfortunately, doesn't always do this.  0x80000000 >> 8, as an example,
+            // yields 0xFF800000 - not 0x00800000.  The following link elaborates:
+            // http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.operators.bitwise.php#57281
+            $crc = (($crc >> 8) & 0x00FFFFFF) ^ $crc_lookup_table[($crc & 0xFF) ^ ord($data[$i])];
+        }
+
+        // In addition to having to set $crc to 0xFFFFFFFF, initially, the return value must be XOR'd with
+        // 0xFFFFFFFF for this function to return the same thing that PHP's crc32 function would.
+        return $crc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSA Encrypt
+     *
+     * Returns mod(pow($m, $e), $n), where $n should be the product of two (large) primes $p and $q and where $e
+     * should be a number with the property that gcd($e, ($p - 1) * ($q - 1)) == 1.  Could just make anything that
+     * calls this call modexp, instead, but I think this makes things clearer, maybe...
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @param BigInteger $m
+     * @param array $key
+     * @return BigInteger
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _rsa_crypt($m, $key)
+    {
+        /*
+        $rsa = new RSA();
+        $rsa->load($key, 'raw');
+        $rsa->setHash('sha1');
+        return $rsa->encrypt($m, RSA::PADDING_PKCS1);
+        */
+
+        // To quote from protocol-1.5.txt:
+        // The most significant byte (which is only partial as the value must be
+        // less than the public modulus, which is never a power of two) is zero.
+        //
+        // The next byte contains the value 2 (which stands for public-key
+        // encrypted data in the PKCS standard [PKCS#1]).  Then, there are non-
+        // zero random bytes to fill any unused space, a zero byte, and the data
+        // to be encrypted in the least significant bytes, the last byte of the
+        // data in the least significant byte.
+
+        // Presumably the part of PKCS#1 they're refering to is "Section 7.2.1 Encryption Operation",
+        // under "7.2 RSAES-PKCS1-v1.5" and "7 Encryption schemes" of the following URL:
+        // ftp://ftp.rsasecurity.com/pub/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1.pdf
+        $modulus = $key[1]->toBytes();
+        $length = strlen($modulus) - strlen($m) - 3;
+        $random = '';
+        while (strlen($random) != $length) {
+            $block = Random::string($length - strlen($random));
+            $block = str_replace("\x00", '', $block);
+            $random.= $block;
+        }
+        $temp = chr(0) . chr(2) . $random . chr(0) . $m;
+
+        $m = new BigInteger($temp, 256);
+        $m = $m->modPow($key[0], $key[1]);
+
+        return $m->toBytes();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Define Array
+     *
+     * Takes any number of arrays whose indices are integers and whose values are strings and defines a bunch of
+     * named constants from it, using the value as the name of the constant and the index as the value of the constant.
+     * If any of the constants that would be defined already exists, none of the constants will be defined.
+     *
+     * @param array $array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _define_array()
+    {
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        foreach ($args as $arg) {
+            foreach ($arg as $key => $value) {
+                if (!defined($value)) {
+                    define($value, $key);
+                } else {
+                    break 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a log of the packets that have been sent and received.
+     *
+     * Returns a string if NET_SSH1_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX, an array if NET_SSH1_LOGGING == self::LOG_SIMPLE and false if !defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return array|false|string
+     */
+    function getLog()
+    {
+        if (!defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (NET_SSH1_LOGGING) {
+            case self::LOG_SIMPLE:
+                return $this->message_number_log;
+                break;
+            case self::LOG_COMPLEX:
+                return $this->_format_log($this->message_log, $this->protocol_flags_log);
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats a log for printing
+     *
+     * @param array $message_log
+     * @param array $message_number_log
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _format_log($message_log, $message_number_log)
+    {
+        $output = '';
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($message_log); $i++) {
+            $output.= $message_number_log[$i] . "\r\n";
+            $current_log = $message_log[$i];
+            $j = 0;
+            do {
+                if (strlen($current_log)) {
+                    $output.= str_pad(dechex($j), 7, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . '0  ';
+                }
+                $fragment = $this->_string_shift($current_log, $this->log_short_width);
+                $hex = substr(preg_replace_callback('#.#s', array($this, '_format_log_helper'), $fragment), strlen($this->log_boundary));
+                // replace non ASCII printable characters with dots
+                // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters
+                // also replace < with a . since < messes up the output on web browsers
+                $raw = preg_replace('#[^\x20-\x7E]|<#', '.', $fragment);
+                $output.= str_pad($hex, $this->log_long_width - $this->log_short_width, ' ') . $raw . "\r\n";
+                $j++;
+            } while (strlen($current_log));
+            $output.= "\r\n";
+        }
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for _format_log
+     *
+     * For use with preg_replace_callback()
+     *
+     * @param array $matches
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _format_log_helper($matches)
+    {
+        return $this->log_boundary . str_pad(dechex(ord($matches[0])), 2, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server key public exponent
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param bool $raw_output
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerKeyPublicExponent($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->server_key_public_exponent->toBytes() : $this->server_key_public_exponent->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server key public modulus
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param bool $raw_output
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerKeyPublicModulus($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->server_key_public_modulus->toBytes() : $this->server_key_public_modulus->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the host key public exponent
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param bool $raw_output
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getHostKeyPublicExponent($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->host_key_public_exponent->toBytes() : $this->host_key_public_exponent->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the host key public modulus
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param bool $raw_output
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getHostKeyPublicModulus($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->host_key_public_modulus->toBytes() : $this->host_key_public_modulus->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of ciphers supported by SSH1 server.
+     *
+     * Just because a cipher is supported by an SSH1 server doesn't mean it's supported by this library. If $raw_output
+     * is set to true, returns, instead, an array of constants.  ie. instead of array('Triple-DES in CBC mode'), you'll
+     * get array(self::CIPHER_3DES).
+     *
+     * @param bool $raw_output
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSupportedCiphers($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? array_keys($this->supported_ciphers) : array_values($this->supported_ciphers);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of authentications supported by SSH1 server.
+     *
+     * Just because a cipher is supported by an SSH1 server doesn't mean it's supported by this library. If $raw_output
+     * is set to true, returns, instead, an array of constants.  ie. instead of array('password authentication'), you'll
+     * get array(self::AUTH_PASSWORD).
+     *
+     * @param bool $raw_output
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSupportedAuthentications($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? array_keys($this->supported_authentications) : array_values($this->supported_authentications);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server identification.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerIdentification()
+    {
+        return rtrim($this->server_identification);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logs data packets
+     *
+     * Makes sure that only the last 1MB worth of packets will be logged
+     *
+     * @param string $data
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _append_log($protocol_flags, $message)
+    {
+        switch (NET_SSH1_LOGGING) {
+            // useful for benchmarks
+            case self::LOG_SIMPLE:
+                $this->protocol_flags_log[] = $protocol_flags;
+                break;
+            // the most useful log for SSH1
+            case self::LOG_COMPLEX:
+                $this->protocol_flags_log[] = $protocol_flags;
+                $this->_string_shift($message);
+                $this->log_size+= strlen($message);
+                $this->message_log[] = $message;
+                while ($this->log_size > self::LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                    $this->log_size-= strlen(array_shift($this->message_log));
+                    array_shift($this->protocol_flags_log);
+                }
+                break;
+            // dump the output out realtime; packets may be interspersed with non packets,
+            // passwords won't be filtered out and select other packets may not be correctly
+            // identified
+            case self::LOG_REALTIME:
+                echo "<pre>\r\n" . $this->_format_log(array($message), array($protocol_flags)) . "\r\n</pre>\r\n";
+                @flush();
+                @ob_flush();
+                break;
+            // basically the same thing as self::LOG_REALTIME with the caveat that self::LOG_REALTIME_FILE
+            // needs to be defined and that the resultant log file will be capped out at self::LOG_MAX_SIZE.
+            // the earliest part of the log file is denoted by the first <<< START >>> and is not going to necessarily
+            // at the beginning of the file
+            case self::LOG_REALTIME_FILE:
+                if (!isset($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                    // PHP doesn't seem to like using constants in fopen()
+                    $filename = self::LOG_REALTIME_FILE;
+                    $fp = fopen($filename, 'w');
+                    $this->realtime_log_file = $fp;
+                }
+                if (!is_resource($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                $entry = $this->_format_log(array($message), array($protocol_flags));
+                if ($this->realtime_log_wrap) {
+                    $temp = "<<< START >>>\r\n";
+                    $entry.= $temp;
+                    fseek($this->realtime_log_file, ftell($this->realtime_log_file) - strlen($temp));
+                }
+                $this->realtime_log_size+= strlen($entry);
+                if ($this->realtime_log_size > self::LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                    fseek($this->realtime_log_file, 0);
+                    $this->realtime_log_size = strlen($entry);
+                    $this->realtime_log_wrap = true;
+                }
+                fputs($this->realtime_log_file, $entry);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SSH2.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SSH2.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97a37a0bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/Net/SSH2.php
@@ -0,0 +1,4224 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv2.
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Here are some examples of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new \phpseclib\Net\SSH2('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('pwd');
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('ls -la');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
+ *
+ *    $key = new \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA();
+ *    //$key->setPassword('whatever');
+ *    $key->load(file_get_contents('privatekey'));
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new \phpseclib\Net\SSH2('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', $key)) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ *    $ssh->write("ls -la\n");
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * @category  Net
+ * @package   SSH2
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2007 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\Net;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Base;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Blowfish;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Hash;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Random;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\RC4;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish;
+use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger; // Used to do Diffie-Hellman key exchange and DSA/RSA signature verification.
+use phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent;
+use phpseclib\Exception\NoSupportedAlgorithmsException;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv2.
+ *
+ * @package SSH2
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  public
+ */
+class SSH2
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * Execution Bitmap Masks
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::bitmap
+     * @access private
+     */
+    const MASK_CONSTRUCTOR   = 0x00000001;
+    const MASK_CONNECTED     = 0x00000002;
+    const MASK_LOGIN_REQ     = 0x00000004;
+    const MASK_LOGIN         = 0x00000008;
+    const MASK_SHELL         = 0x00000010;
+    const MASK_WINDOW_ADJUST = 0x00000020;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * Channel constants
+     *
+     * RFC4254 refers not to client and server channels but rather to sender and recipient channels.  we don't refer
+     * to them in that way because RFC4254 toggles the meaning. the client sends a SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN message with
+     * a sender channel and the server sends a SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION in response, with a sender and a
+     * recepient channel.  at first glance, you might conclude that SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION's sender channel
+     * would be the same thing as SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN's sender channel, but it's not, per this snipet:
+     *     The 'recipient channel' is the channel number given in the original
+     *     open request, and 'sender channel' is the channel number allocated by
+     *     the other side.
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @access private
+    */
+    const CHANNEL_EXEC          = 0; // PuTTy uses 0x100
+    const CHANNEL_SHELL         = 1;
+    const CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM     = 2;
+    const CHANNEL_AGENT_FORWARD = 3;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::getLog()
+    */
+    /**
+     * Returns the message numbers
+     */
+    const LOG_SIMPLE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Returns the message content
+     */
+    const LOG_COMPLEX = 2;
+    /**
+     * Outputs the content real-time
+     */
+    const LOG_REALTIME = 3;
+    /**
+     * Dumps the content real-time to a file
+     */
+    const LOG_REALTIME_FILE = 4;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**#@+
+     * @access public
+     * @see \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::read()
+    */
+    /**
+     * Returns when a string matching $expect exactly is found
+     */
+    const READ_SIMPLE = 1;
+    /**
+     * Returns when a string matching the regular expression $expect is found
+     */
+    const READ_REGEX = 2;
+    /**
+     * Make sure that the log never gets larger than this
+     */
+    const LOG_MAX_SIZE = 1048576; // 1024 * 1024
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * The SSH identifier
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $identifier;
+
+    /**
+     * The Socket Object
+     *
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $fsock;
+
+    /**
+     * Execution Bitmap
+     *
+     * The bits that are set represent functions that have been called already.  This is used to determine
+     * if a requisite function has been successfully executed.  If not, an error should be thrown.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $bitmap = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Error information
+     *
+     * @see self::getErrors()
+     * @see self::getLastError()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $errors = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Server Identifier
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerIdentification()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_identifier = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Key Exchange Algorithms
+     *
+     * @see self::getKexAlgorithims()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $kex_algorithms = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum Diffie-Hellman Group Bit Size in RFC 4419 Key Exchange Methods
+     *
+     * @see self::_key_exchange()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $kex_dh_group_size_min = 1536;
+
+    /**
+     * Preferred Diffie-Hellman Group Bit Size in RFC 4419 Key Exchange Methods
+     *
+     * @see self::_key_exchange()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $kex_dh_group_size_preferred = 2048;
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum Diffie-Hellman Group Bit Size in RFC 4419 Key Exchange Methods
+     *
+     * @see self::_key_exchange()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $kex_dh_group_size_max = 4096;
+
+    /**
+     * Server Host Key Algorithms
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerHostKeyAlgorithms()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_host_key_algorithms = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption Algorithms: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see self::getEncryptionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryption_algorithms_client_to_server = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption Algorithms: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see self::getEncryptionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryption_algorithms_server_to_client = false;
+
+    /**
+     * MAC Algorithms: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see self::getMACAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mac_algorithms_client_to_server = false;
+
+    /**
+     * MAC Algorithms: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see self::getMACAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mac_algorithms_server_to_client = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Compression Algorithms: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see self::getCompressionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $compression_algorithms_client_to_server = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Compression Algorithms: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see self::getCompressionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $compression_algorithms_server_to_client = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Languages: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see self::getLanguagesServer2Client()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $languages_server_to_client = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Languages: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see self::getLanguagesClient2Server()
+     * @var array|false
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $languages_client_to_server = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Block Size for Server to Client Encryption
+     *
+     * "Note that the length of the concatenation of 'packet_length',
+     *  'padding_length', 'payload', and 'random padding' MUST be a multiple
+     *  of the cipher block size or 8, whichever is larger.  This constraint
+     *  MUST be enforced, even when using stream ciphers."
+     *
+     *  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-6
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encrypt_block_size = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * Block Size for Client to Server Encryption
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decrypt_block_size = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * Server to Client Encryption Object
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decrypt = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Client to Server Encryption Object
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encrypt = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Client to Server HMAC Object
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hmac_create = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Server to Client HMAC Object
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hmac_check = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Size of server to client HMAC
+     *
+     * We need to know how big the HMAC will be for the server to client direction so that we know how many bytes to read.
+     * For the client to server side, the HMAC object will make the HMAC as long as it needs to be.  All we need to do is
+     * append it.
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hmac_size = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Server Public Host Key
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_public_host_key;
+
+    /**
+     * Session identifer
+     *
+     * "The exchange hash H from the first key exchange is additionally
+     *  used as the session identifier, which is a unique identifier for
+     *  this connection."
+     *
+     *  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-7.2
+     *
+     * @see self::_key_exchange()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $session_id = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Exchange hash
+     *
+     * The current exchange hash
+     *
+     * @see self::_key_exchange()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $exchange_hash = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Message Numbers
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_numbers = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnection Message 'reason codes' defined in RFC4253
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $disconnect_reasons = array();
+
+    /**
+     * SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE 'reason codes', defined in RFC4254
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_open_failure_reasons = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Terminal Modes
+     *
+     * @link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-8
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $terminal_modes = array();
+
+    /**
+     * SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA's data_type_codes
+     *
+     * @link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.2
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_extended_data_type_codes = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Send Sequence Number
+     *
+     * See 'Section 6.4.  Data Integrity' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $send_seq_no = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Get Sequence Number
+     *
+     * See 'Section 6.4.  Data Integrity' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $get_seq_no = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Server Channels
+     *
+     * Maps client channels to server channels
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @see self::exec()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_channels = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Channel Buffers
+     *
+     * If a client requests a packet from one channel but receives two packets from another those packets should
+     * be placed in a buffer
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @see self::exec()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_buffers = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Channel Status
+     *
+     * Contains the type of the last sent message
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_status = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Size
+     *
+     * Maximum packet size indexed by channel
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_size_client_to_server = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Message Number Log
+     *
+     * @see self::getLog()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_number_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Message Log
+     *
+     * @see self::getLog()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * The Window Size
+     *
+     * Bytes the other party can send before it must wait for the window to be adjusted (0x7FFFFFFF = 2GB)
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @see self::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @see self::exec()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $window_size = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+
+    /**
+     * Window size, server to client
+     *
+     * Window size indexed by channel
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $window_size_server_to_client = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Window size, client to server
+     *
+     * Window size indexed by channel
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $window_size_client_to_server = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Server signature
+     *
+     * Verified against $this->session_id
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signature = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Server signature format
+     *
+     * ssh-rsa or ssh-dss.
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signature_format = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Interactive Buffer
+     *
+     * @see self::read()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $interactiveBuffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Current log size
+     *
+     * Should never exceed self::LOG_MAX_SIZE
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Timeout
+     *
+     * @see self::setTimeout()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $timeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Timeout
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $curTimeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file pointer
+     *
+     * @see self::_append_log()
+     * @var resource
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_file;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file size
+     *
+     * @see self::_append_log()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Has the signature been validated?
+     *
+     * @see self::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signature_validated = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file wrap boolean
+     *
+     * @see self::_append_log()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_wrap;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to suppress stderr from output
+     *
+     * @see self::enableQuietMode()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $quiet_mode = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Time of first network activity
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $last_packet;
+
+    /**
+     * Exit status returned from ssh if any
+     *
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $exit_status;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to request a PTY when using exec()
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     * @see self::enablePTY()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $request_pty = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag set while exec() is running when using enablePTY()
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $in_request_pty_exec = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag set after startSubsystem() is called
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $in_subsystem;
+
+    /**
+     * Contents of stdError
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $stdErrorLog;
+
+    /**
+     * The Last Interactive Response
+     *
+     * @see self::_keyboard_interactive_process()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $last_interactive_response = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Keyboard Interactive Request / Responses
+     *
+     * @see self::_keyboard_interactive_process()
+     * @var array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $keyboard_requests_responses = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Banner Message
+     *
+     * Quoting from the RFC, "in some jurisdictions, sending a warning message before
+     * authentication may be relevant for getting legal protection."
+     *
+     * @see self::_filter()
+     * @see self::getBannerMessage()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $banner_message = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Did read() timeout or return normally?
+     *
+     * @see self::isTimeout()
+     * @var bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $is_timeout = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Log Boundary
+     *
+     * @see self::_format_log()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_boundary = ':';
+
+    /**
+     * Log Long Width
+     *
+     * @see self::_format_log()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_long_width = 65;
+
+    /**
+     * Log Short Width
+     *
+     * @see self::_format_log()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_short_width = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Hostname
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_connect()
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $host;
+
+    /**
+     * Port Number
+     *
+     * @see self::__construct()
+     * @see self::_connect()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $port;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of columns for terminal window size
+     *
+     * @see self::getWindowColumns()
+     * @see self::setWindowColumns()
+     * @see self::setWindowSize()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $windowColumns = 80;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of columns for terminal window size
+     *
+     * @see self::getWindowRows()
+     * @see self::setWindowRows()
+     * @see self::setWindowSize()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $windowRows = 24;
+
+    /**
+     * Crypto Engine
+     *
+     * @see self::setCryptoEngine()
+     * @see self::_key_exchange()
+     * @var int
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $crypto_engine = false;
+
+    /**
+     * A System_SSH_Agent for use in the SSH2 Agent Forwarding scenario
+     *
+     * @var System_SSH_Agent
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $agent;
+
+    /**
+     * Connection storage to replicates ssh2 extension functionality:
+     * {@link http://php.net/manual/en/wrappers.ssh2.php#refsect1-wrappers.ssh2-examples}
+     *
+     * @var SSH2[]
+     */
+    static $connections;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * $host can either be a string, representing the host, or a stream resource.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $host
+     * @param int $port
+     * @param int $timeout
+     * @see self::login()
+     * @return \phpseclib\Net\SSH2
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct($host, $port = 22, $timeout = 10)
+    {
+        $this->message_numbers = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT',
+            2 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_IGNORE',
+            3 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED',
+            4 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_DEBUG',
+            5 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST',
+            6 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT',
+            20 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT',
+            21 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS',
+            30 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT',
+            31 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY',
+            50 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST',
+            51 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE',
+            52 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS',
+            53 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER',
+
+            80 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST',
+            81 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS',
+            82 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE',
+            90 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN',
+            91 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION',
+            92 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE',
+            93 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST',
+            94 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA',
+            95 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA',
+            96 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF',
+            97 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE',
+            98 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST',
+            99 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS',
+            100 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE'
+        );
+        $this->disconnect_reasons = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_NOT_ALLOWED_TO_CONNECT',
+            2 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_ERROR',
+            3 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED',
+            4 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_RESERVED',
+            5 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_MAC_ERROR',
+            6 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_COMPRESSION_ERROR',
+            7 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE',
+            8 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED',
+            9 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE',
+            10 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_CONNECTION_LOST',
+            11 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION',
+            12 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS',
+            13 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER',
+            14 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_NO_MORE_AUTH_METHODS_AVAILABLE',
+            15 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_ILLEGAL_USER_NAME'
+        );
+        $this->channel_open_failure_reasons = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_OPEN_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED'
+        );
+        $this->terminal_modes = array(
+            0 => 'NET_SSH2_TTY_OP_END'
+        );
+        $this->channel_extended_data_type_codes = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_EXTENDED_DATA_STDERR'
+        );
+
+        $this->_define_array(
+            $this->message_numbers,
+            $this->disconnect_reasons,
+            $this->channel_open_failure_reasons,
+            $this->terminal_modes,
+            $this->channel_extended_data_type_codes,
+            array(60 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ'),
+            array(60 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK'),
+            array(60 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST',
+                  61 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE'),
+            // RFC 4419 - diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha{1,256}
+            array(30 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_REQUEST_OLD',
+                  31 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_GROUP',
+                  32 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_INIT',
+                  33 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_REPLY',
+                  34 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_REQUEST'),
+            // RFC 5656 - Elliptic Curves (for curve25519-sha256@libssh.org)
+            array(30 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT',
+                  31 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY')
+        );
+
+        self::$connections[$this->getResourceId()] = $this;
+
+        if (is_resource($host)) {
+            $this->fsock = $host;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (is_string($host)) {
+            $this->host = $host;
+            $this->port = $port;
+            $this->timeout = $timeout;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Crypto Engine Mode
+     *
+     * Possible $engine values:
+     * CRYPT_MODE_INTERNAL, CRYPT_MODE_MCRYPT
+     *
+     * @param int $engine
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function setCryptoEngine($engine)
+    {
+        $this->crypto_engine = $engine;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Connect to an SSHv2 server
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on other errors
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _connect()
+    {
+        if ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONSTRUCTOR) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_CONSTRUCTOR;
+
+        $this->curTimeout = $this->timeout;
+
+        $this->last_packet = microtime(true);
+
+        if (!is_resource($this->fsock)) {
+            $start = microtime(true);
+            $this->fsock = @fsockopen($this->host, $this->port, $errno, $errstr, $this->curTimeout);
+            if (!$this->fsock) {
+                $host = $this->host . ':' . $this->port;
+                throw new \RuntimeException(rtrim("Cannot connect to $host. Error $errno. $errstr"));
+            }
+            $elapsed = microtime(true) - $start;
+
+            $this->curTimeout-= $elapsed;
+
+            if ($this->curTimeout <= 0) {
+                $this->is_timeout = true;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* According to the SSH2 specs,
+
+          "The server MAY send other lines of data before sending the version
+           string.  Each line SHOULD be terminated by a Carriage Return and Line
+           Feed.  Such lines MUST NOT begin with "SSH-", and SHOULD be encoded
+           in ISO-10646 UTF-8 [RFC3629] (language is not specified).  Clients
+           MUST be able to process such lines." */
+        $data = '';
+        while (!feof($this->fsock) && !preg_match('#(.*)^(SSH-(\d\.\d+).*)#ms', $data, $matches)) {
+            $line = '';
+            while (true) {
+                if ($this->curTimeout) {
+                    if ($this->curTimeout < 0) {
+                        $this->is_timeout = true;
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $read = array($this->fsock);
+                    $write = $except = null;
+                    $start = microtime(true);
+                    $sec = floor($this->curTimeout);
+                    $usec = 1000000 * ($this->curTimeout - $sec);
+                    // on windows this returns a "Warning: Invalid CRT parameters detected" error
+                    // the !count() is done as a workaround for <https://bugs.php.net/42682>
+                    if (!@stream_select($read, $write, $except, $sec, $usec) && !count($read)) {
+                        $this->is_timeout = true;
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $elapsed = microtime(true) - $start;
+                    $this->curTimeout-= $elapsed;
+                }
+
+                $temp = stream_get_line($this->fsock, 255, "\n");
+                if (strlen($temp) == 255) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $line.= "$temp\n";
+                if (substr($line, -2) == "\r\n") {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            $data.= $line;
+        }
+
+        if (feof($this->fsock)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        $extra = $matches[1];
+
+        $this->identifier = $this->_generate_identifier();
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            $this->_append_log('<-', $matches[0]);
+            $this->_append_log('->', $this->identifier . "\r\n");
+        }
+
+        $this->server_identifier = trim($temp, "\r\n");
+        if (strlen($extra)) {
+            $this->errors[] = utf8_decode($data);
+        }
+
+        if ($matches[3] != '1.99' && $matches[3] != '2.0') {
+            throw new \RuntimeException("Cannot connect to SSH $matches[1] servers");
+        }
+
+        fputs($this->fsock, $this->identifier . "\r\n");
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        if (ord($response[0]) != NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_MSG_KEXINIT');
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_key_exchange($response)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->bitmap|= self::MASK_CONNECTED;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates the SSH identifier
+     *
+     * You should overwrite this method in your own class if you want to use another identifier
+     *
+     * @access protected
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _generate_identifier()
+    {
+        $identifier = 'SSH-2.0-phpseclib_2.0';
+
+        $ext = array();
+        if (extension_loaded('libsodium')) {
+            $ext[] = 'libsodium';
+        }
+
+        if (extension_loaded('openssl')) {
+            $ext[] = 'openssl';
+        } elseif (extension_loaded('mcrypt')) {
+            $ext[] = 'mcrypt';
+        }
+
+        if (extension_loaded('gmp')) {
+            $ext[] = 'gmp';
+        } elseif (extension_loaded('bcmath')) {
+            $ext[] = 'bcmath';
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($ext)) {
+            $identifier .= ' (' . implode(', ', $ext) . ')';
+        }
+
+        return $identifier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Key Exchange
+     *
+     * @param string $kexinit_payload_server
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on other errors
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\NoSupportedAlgorithmsException when none of the algorithms phpseclib has loaded are compatible
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _key_exchange($kexinit_payload_server)
+    {
+        $kex_algorithms = array(
+            // Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement (ECDH) using
+            // Curve25519. See doc/curve25519-sha256@libssh.org.txt in the
+            // libssh repository for more information.
+            'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org',
+
+            // Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement (DH) using integer modulo prime
+            // groups.
+            'diffie-hellman-group1-sha1', // REQUIRED
+            'diffie-hellman-group14-sha1', // REQUIRED
+            'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1', // RFC 4419
+            'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256', // RFC 4419
+        );
+        if (!function_exists('\\Sodium\\library_version_major')) {
+            $kex_algorithms = array_diff(
+                $kex_algorithms,
+                array('curve25519-sha256@libssh.org')
+            );
+        }
+
+        $server_host_key_algorithms = array(
+            'ssh-rsa', // RECOMMENDED  sign   Raw RSA Key
+            'ssh-dss'  // REQUIRED     sign   Raw DSS Key
+        );
+
+        $encryption_algorithms = array(
+            // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4345#section-4>:
+            'arcfour256',
+            'arcfour128',
+
+            //'arcfour',      // OPTIONAL          the ARCFOUR stream cipher with a 128-bit key
+
+            // CTR modes from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4344#section-4>:
+            'aes128-ctr',     // RECOMMENDED       AES (Rijndael) in SDCTR mode, with 128-bit key
+            'aes192-ctr',     // RECOMMENDED       AES with 192-bit key
+            'aes256-ctr',     // RECOMMENDED       AES with 256-bit key
+
+            'twofish128-ctr', // OPTIONAL          Twofish in SDCTR mode, with 128-bit key
+            'twofish192-ctr', // OPTIONAL          Twofish with 192-bit key
+            'twofish256-ctr', // OPTIONAL          Twofish with 256-bit key
+
+            'aes128-cbc',     // RECOMMENDED       AES with a 128-bit key
+            'aes192-cbc',     // OPTIONAL          AES with a 192-bit key
+            'aes256-cbc',     // OPTIONAL          AES in CBC mode, with a 256-bit key
+
+            'twofish128-cbc', // OPTIONAL          Twofish with a 128-bit key
+            'twofish192-cbc', // OPTIONAL          Twofish with a 192-bit key
+            'twofish256-cbc',
+            'twofish-cbc',    // OPTIONAL          alias for "twofish256-cbc"
+                              //                   (this is being retained for historical reasons)
+
+            'blowfish-ctr',   // OPTIONAL          Blowfish in SDCTR mode
+
+            'blowfish-cbc',   // OPTIONAL          Blowfish in CBC mode
+
+            '3des-ctr',       // RECOMMENDED       Three-key 3DES in SDCTR mode
+
+            '3des-cbc',       // REQUIRED          three-key 3DES in CBC mode
+                //'none'         // OPTIONAL          no encryption; NOT RECOMMENDED
+        );
+
+        if (extension_loaded('openssl') && !extension_loaded('mcrypt')) {
+            // OpenSSL does not support arcfour256 in any capacity and arcfour128 / arcfour support is limited to
+            // instances that do not use continuous buffers
+            $encryption_algorithms = array_diff(
+                $encryption_algorithms,
+                array('arcfour256', 'arcfour128', 'arcfour')
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\RC4') === false) {
+            $encryption_algorithms = array_diff(
+                $encryption_algorithms,
+                array('arcfour256', 'arcfour128', 'arcfour')
+            );
+        }
+        if (class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\Rijndael') === false) {
+            $encryption_algorithms = array_diff(
+                $encryption_algorithms,
+                array('aes128-ctr', 'aes192-ctr', 'aes256-ctr', 'aes128-cbc', 'aes192-cbc', 'aes256-cbc')
+            );
+        }
+        if (class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\Twofish') === false) {
+            $encryption_algorithms = array_diff(
+                $encryption_algorithms,
+                array('twofish128-ctr', 'twofish192-ctr', 'twofish256-ctr', 'twofish128-cbc', 'twofish192-cbc', 'twofish256-cbc', 'twofish-cbc')
+            );
+        }
+        if (class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\Blowfish') === false) {
+            $encryption_algorithms = array_diff(
+                $encryption_algorithms,
+                array('blowfish-ctr', 'blowfish-cbc')
+            );
+        }
+        if (class_exists('\phpseclib\Crypt\TripleDES') === false) {
+            $encryption_algorithms = array_diff(
+                $encryption_algorithms,
+                array('3des-ctr', '3des-cbc')
+            );
+        }
+        $encryption_algorithms = array_values($encryption_algorithms);
+
+        $mac_algorithms = array(
+            // from <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6668.txt>:
+            'hmac-sha2-256',// RECOMMENDED     HMAC-SHA256 (digest length = key length = 32)
+
+            'hmac-sha1-96', // RECOMMENDED     first 96 bits of HMAC-SHA1 (digest length = 12, key length = 20)
+            'hmac-sha1',    // REQUIRED        HMAC-SHA1 (digest length = key length = 20)
+            'hmac-md5-96',  // OPTIONAL        first 96 bits of HMAC-MD5 (digest length = 12, key length = 16)
+            'hmac-md5',     // OPTIONAL        HMAC-MD5 (digest length = key length = 16)
+            //'none'          // OPTIONAL        no MAC; NOT RECOMMENDED
+        );
+
+        $compression_algorithms = array(
+            'none'   // REQUIRED        no compression
+            //'zlib' // OPTIONAL        ZLIB (LZ77) compression
+        );
+
+        // some SSH servers have buggy implementations of some of the above algorithms
+        switch ($this->server_identifier) {
+            case 'SSH-2.0-SSHD':
+                $mac_algorithms = array_values(array_diff(
+                    $mac_algorithms,
+                    array('hmac-sha1-96', 'hmac-md5-96')
+                ));
+        }
+
+        $str_kex_algorithms = implode(',', $kex_algorithms);
+        $str_server_host_key_algorithms = implode(',', $server_host_key_algorithms);
+        $encryption_algorithms_server_to_client = $encryption_algorithms_client_to_server = implode(',', $encryption_algorithms);
+        $mac_algorithms_server_to_client = $mac_algorithms_client_to_server = implode(',', $mac_algorithms);
+        $compression_algorithms_server_to_client = $compression_algorithms_client_to_server = implode(',', $compression_algorithms);
+
+        $client_cookie = Random::string(16);
+
+        $response = $kexinit_payload_server;
+        $this->_string_shift($response, 1); // skip past the message number (it should be SSH_MSG_KEXINIT)
+        $server_cookie = $this->_string_shift($response, 16);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->kex_algorithms = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->server_host_key_algorithms = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->encryption_algorithms_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->encryption_algorithms_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->mac_algorithms_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->mac_algorithms_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->compression_algorithms_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->compression_algorithms_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->languages_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->languages_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        extract(unpack('Cfirst_kex_packet_follows', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+        $first_kex_packet_follows = $first_kex_packet_follows != 0;
+
+        // the sending of SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT could go in one of two places.  this is the second place.
+        $kexinit_payload_client = pack(
+            'Ca*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*CN',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT,
+            $client_cookie,
+            strlen($str_kex_algorithms),
+            $str_kex_algorithms,
+            strlen($str_server_host_key_algorithms),
+            $str_server_host_key_algorithms,
+            strlen($encryption_algorithms_client_to_server),
+            $encryption_algorithms_client_to_server,
+            strlen($encryption_algorithms_server_to_client),
+            $encryption_algorithms_server_to_client,
+            strlen($mac_algorithms_client_to_server),
+            $mac_algorithms_client_to_server,
+            strlen($mac_algorithms_server_to_client),
+            $mac_algorithms_server_to_client,
+            strlen($compression_algorithms_client_to_server),
+            $compression_algorithms_client_to_server,
+            strlen($compression_algorithms_server_to_client),
+            $compression_algorithms_server_to_client,
+            0,
+            '',
+            0,
+            '',
+            0,
+            0
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($kexinit_payload_client)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // here ends the second place.
+
+        // we need to decide upon the symmetric encryption algorithms before we do the diffie-hellman key exchange
+
+        // we don't initialize any crypto-objects, yet - we do that, later. for now, we need the lengths to make the
+        // diffie-hellman key exchange as fast as possible
+        $decrypt = $this->_array_intersect_first($encryption_algorithms, $this->encryption_algorithms_server_to_client);
+        $decryptKeyLength = $this->_encryption_algorithm_to_key_size($decrypt);
+        if ($decryptKeyLength === null) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible server to client encryption algorithms found');
+        }
+
+        $encrypt = $this->_array_intersect_first($encryption_algorithms, $this->encryption_algorithms_client_to_server);
+        $encryptKeyLength = $this->_encryption_algorithm_to_key_size($encrypt);
+        if ($encryptKeyLength === null) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible client to server encryption algorithms found');
+        }
+
+        // through diffie-hellman key exchange a symmetric key is obtained
+        $kex_algorithm = $this->_array_intersect_first($kex_algorithms, $this->kex_algorithms);
+        if ($kex_algorithm === false) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible key exchange algorithms found');
+        }
+
+        // Only relevant in diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha{1,256}, otherwise empty.
+        $exchange_hash_rfc4419 = '';
+
+        if ($kex_algorithm === 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org') {
+            $x = Random::string(32);
+            $eBytes = \Sodium\crypto_box_publickey_from_secretkey($x);
+            $clientKexInitMessage = NET_SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT;
+            $serverKexReplyMessage = NET_SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY;
+            $kexHash = new Hash('sha256');
+        } else {
+            if (strpos($kex_algorithm, 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange') === 0) {
+                $dh_group_sizes_packed = pack(
+                    'NNN',
+                    $this->kex_dh_group_size_min,
+                    $this->kex_dh_group_size_preferred,
+                    $this->kex_dh_group_size_max
+                );
+                $packet = pack(
+                    'Ca*',
+                    NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_REQUEST,
+                    $dh_group_sizes_packed
+                );
+                if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                if ($response === false) {
+                    user_error('Connection closed by server');
+                    return false;
+                }
+                extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+                if ($type != NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_GROUP) {
+                    user_error('Expected SSH_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP');
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                extract(unpack('NprimeLength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $primeBytes = $this->_string_shift($response, $primeLength);
+                $prime = new BigInteger($primeBytes, -256);
+
+                extract(unpack('NgLength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $gBytes = $this->_string_shift($response, $gLength);
+                $g = new BigInteger($gBytes, -256);
+
+                $exchange_hash_rfc4419 = pack(
+                    'a*Na*Na*',
+                    $dh_group_sizes_packed,
+                    $primeLength,
+                    $primeBytes,
+                    $gLength,
+                    $gBytes
+                );
+
+                $clientKexInitMessage = NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_INIT;
+                $serverKexReplyMessage = NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_GEX_REPLY;
+            } else {
+                switch ($kex_algorithm) {
+                    // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2409#section-6.2 and
+                    // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2412, appendex E
+                    case 'diffie-hellman-group1-sha1':
+                        $prime = 'FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC90FDAA22168C234C4C6628B80DC1CD129024E088A67CC74' .
+                                '020BBEA63B139B22514A08798E3404DDEF9519B3CD3A431B302B0A6DF25F1437' .
+                                '4FE1356D6D51C245E485B576625E7EC6F44C42E9A637ED6B0BFF5CB6F406B7ED' .
+                                'EE386BFB5A899FA5AE9F24117C4B1FE649286651ECE65381FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF';
+                        break;
+                    // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526#section-3
+                    case 'diffie-hellman-group14-sha1':
+                        $prime = 'FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC90FDAA22168C234C4C6628B80DC1CD129024E088A67CC74' .
+                                '020BBEA63B139B22514A08798E3404DDEF9519B3CD3A431B302B0A6DF25F1437' .
+                                '4FE1356D6D51C245E485B576625E7EC6F44C42E9A637ED6B0BFF5CB6F406B7ED' .
+                                'EE386BFB5A899FA5AE9F24117C4B1FE649286651ECE45B3DC2007CB8A163BF05' .
+                                '98DA48361C55D39A69163FA8FD24CF5F83655D23DCA3AD961C62F356208552BB' .
+                                '9ED529077096966D670C354E4ABC9804F1746C08CA18217C32905E462E36CE3B' .
+                                'E39E772C180E86039B2783A2EC07A28FB5C55DF06F4C52C9DE2BCBF695581718' .
+                                '3995497CEA956AE515D2261898FA051015728E5A8AACAA68FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF';
+                        break;
+                }
+                // For both diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 and diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
+                // the generator field element is 2 (decimal) and the hash function is sha1.
+                $g = new BigInteger(2);
+                $prime = new BigInteger($prime, 16);
+                $clientKexInitMessage = NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT;
+                $serverKexReplyMessage = NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY;
+            }
+
+            switch ($kex_algorithm) {
+                case 'diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256':
+                    $kexHash = new Hash('sha256');
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $kexHash = new Hash('sha1');
+            }
+
+            /* To increase the speed of the key exchange, both client and server may
+            reduce the size of their private exponents.  It should be at least
+            twice as long as the key material that is generated from the shared
+            secret.  For more details, see the paper by van Oorschot and Wiener
+            [VAN-OORSCHOT].
+
+            -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4419#section-6.2 */
+            $one = new BigInteger(1);
+            $keyLength = min($kexHash->getLength(), max($encryptKeyLength, $decryptKeyLength));
+            $max = $one->bitwise_leftShift(16 * $keyLength); // 2 * 8 * $keyLength
+            $max = $max->subtract($one);
+
+            $x = BigInteger::random($one, $max);
+            $e = $g->modPow($x, $prime);
+
+            $eBytes = $e->toBytes(true);
+        }
+        $data = pack('CNa*', $clientKexInitMessage, strlen($eBytes), $eBytes);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        if ($type != $serverKexReplyMessage) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY');
+        }
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->server_public_host_key = $server_public_host_key = $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+        $public_key_format = $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $fBytes = $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->signature = $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($this->signature, 4));
+        $this->signature_format = $this->_string_shift($this->signature, $temp['length']);
+
+        if ($kex_algorithm === 'curve25519-sha256@libssh.org') {
+            if (strlen($fBytes) !== 32) {
+                user_error('Received curve25519 public key of invalid length.');
+                return false;
+            }
+            $key = new BigInteger(\Sodium\crypto_scalarmult($x, $fBytes), 256);
+            \Sodium\memzero($x);
+        } else {
+            $f = new BigInteger($fBytes, -256);
+            $key = $f->modPow($x, $prime);
+        }
+        $keyBytes = $key->toBytes(true);
+
+        $this->exchange_hash = pack(
+            'Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*a*Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen($this->identifier),
+            $this->identifier,
+            strlen($this->server_identifier),
+            $this->server_identifier,
+            strlen($kexinit_payload_client),
+            $kexinit_payload_client,
+            strlen($kexinit_payload_server),
+            $kexinit_payload_server,
+            strlen($this->server_public_host_key),
+            $this->server_public_host_key,
+            $exchange_hash_rfc4419,
+            strlen($eBytes),
+            $eBytes,
+            strlen($fBytes),
+            $fBytes,
+            strlen($keyBytes),
+            $keyBytes
+        );
+
+        $this->exchange_hash = $kexHash->hash($this->exchange_hash);
+
+        if ($this->session_id === false) {
+            $this->session_id = $this->exchange_hash;
+        }
+
+        $server_host_key_algorithm = $this->_array_intersect_first($server_host_key_algorithms, $this->server_host_key_algorithms);
+        if ($server_host_key_algorithm === false) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible server host key algorithms found');
+        }
+
+        if ($public_key_format != $server_host_key_algorithm || $this->signature_format != $server_host_key_algorithm) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Server Host Key Algorithm Mismatch');
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'C',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        if ($type != NET_SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS) {
+            throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS');
+        }
+
+        $keyBytes = pack('Na*', strlen($keyBytes), $keyBytes);
+
+        $this->encrypt = $this->_encryption_algorithm_to_crypt_instance($encrypt);
+        if ($this->encrypt) {
+            if ($this->crypto_engine) {
+                $this->encrypt->setEngine($this->crypto_engine);
+            }
+            if ($this->encrypt->block_size) {
+                $this->encrypt_block_size = $this->encrypt->block_size;
+            }
+            $this->encrypt->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->encrypt->disablePadding();
+
+            if ($this->encrypt->usesIV()) {
+                $iv = $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'A' . $this->session_id);
+                while ($this->encrypt_block_size > strlen($iv)) {
+                    $iv.= $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $iv);
+                }
+                $this->encrypt->setIV(substr($iv, 0, $this->encrypt_block_size));
+            }
+
+            $key = $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'C' . $this->session_id);
+            while ($encryptKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+                $key.= $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key);
+            }
+            $this->encrypt->setKey(substr($key, 0, $encryptKeyLength));
+        }
+
+        $this->decrypt = $this->_encryption_algorithm_to_crypt_instance($decrypt);
+        if ($this->decrypt) {
+            if ($this->crypto_engine) {
+                $this->decrypt->setEngine($this->crypto_engine);
+            }
+            if ($this->decrypt->block_size) {
+                $this->decrypt_block_size = $this->decrypt->block_size;
+            }
+            $this->decrypt->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->decrypt->disablePadding();
+
+            if ($this->decrypt->usesIV()) {
+                $iv = $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'B' . $this->session_id);
+                while ($this->decrypt_block_size > strlen($iv)) {
+                    $iv.= $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $iv);
+                }
+                $this->decrypt->setIV(substr($iv, 0, $this->decrypt_block_size));
+            }
+
+            $key = $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'D' . $this->session_id);
+            while ($decryptKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+                $key.= $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key);
+            }
+            $this->decrypt->setKey(substr($key, 0, $decryptKeyLength));
+        }
+
+        /* The "arcfour128" algorithm is the RC4 cipher, as described in
+           [SCHNEIER], using a 128-bit key.  The first 1536 bytes of keystream
+           generated by the cipher MUST be discarded, and the first byte of the
+           first encrypted packet MUST be encrypted using the 1537th byte of
+           keystream.
+
+           -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4345#section-4 */
+        if ($encrypt == 'arcfour128' || $encrypt == 'arcfour256') {
+            $this->encrypt->encrypt(str_repeat("\0", 1536));
+        }
+        if ($decrypt == 'arcfour128' || $decrypt == 'arcfour256') {
+            $this->decrypt->decrypt(str_repeat("\0", 1536));
+        }
+
+        $mac_algorithm = $this->_array_intersect_first($mac_algorithms, $this->mac_algorithms_client_to_server);
+        if ($mac_algorithm === false) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible client to server message authentication algorithms found');
+        }
+
+        $createKeyLength = 0; // ie. $mac_algorithm == 'none'
+        switch ($mac_algorithm) {
+            case 'hmac-sha2-256':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Hash('sha256');
+                $createKeyLength = 32;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-sha1':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Hash('sha1');
+                $createKeyLength = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-sha1-96':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Hash('sha1-96');
+                $createKeyLength = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Hash('md5');
+                $createKeyLength = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5-96':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Hash('md5-96');
+                $createKeyLength = 16;
+        }
+
+        $mac_algorithm = $this->_array_intersect_first($mac_algorithms, $this->mac_algorithms_server_to_client);
+        if ($mac_algorithm === false) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible server to client message authentication algorithms found');
+        }
+
+        $checkKeyLength = 0;
+        $this->hmac_size = 0;
+        switch ($mac_algorithm) {
+            case 'hmac-sha2-256':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Hash('sha256');
+                $checkKeyLength = 32;
+                $this->hmac_size = 32;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-sha1':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Hash('sha1');
+                $checkKeyLength = 20;
+                $this->hmac_size = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-sha1-96':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Hash('sha1-96');
+                $checkKeyLength = 20;
+                $this->hmac_size = 12;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Hash('md5');
+                $checkKeyLength = 16;
+                $this->hmac_size = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5-96':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Hash('md5-96');
+                $checkKeyLength = 16;
+                $this->hmac_size = 12;
+        }
+
+        $key = $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'E' . $this->session_id);
+        while ($createKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+            $key.= $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key);
+        }
+        $this->hmac_create->setKey(substr($key, 0, $createKeyLength));
+
+        $key = $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'F' . $this->session_id);
+        while ($checkKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+            $key.= $kexHash->hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key);
+        }
+        $this->hmac_check->setKey(substr($key, 0, $checkKeyLength));
+
+        $compression_algorithm = $this->_array_intersect_first($compression_algorithms, $this->compression_algorithms_server_to_client);
+        if ($compression_algorithm === false) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible server to client compression algorithms found');
+        }
+        $this->decompress = $compression_algorithm == 'zlib';
+
+        $compression_algorithm = $this->_array_intersect_first($compression_algorithms, $this->compression_algorithms_client_to_server);
+        if ($compression_algorithm === false) {
+            $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+            throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('No compatible client to server compression algorithms found');
+        }
+        $this->compress = $compression_algorithm == 'zlib';
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Maps an encryption algorithm name to the number of key bytes.
+     *
+     * @param string $algorithm Name of the encryption algorithm
+     * @return int|null Number of bytes as an integer or null for unknown
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _encryption_algorithm_to_key_size($algorithm)
+    {
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'none':
+                return 0;
+            case 'aes128-cbc':
+            case 'aes128-ctr':
+            case 'arcfour':
+            case 'arcfour128':
+            case 'blowfish-cbc':
+            case 'blowfish-ctr':
+            case 'twofish128-cbc':
+            case 'twofish128-ctr':
+                return 16;
+            case '3des-cbc':
+            case '3des-ctr':
+            case 'aes192-cbc':
+            case 'aes192-ctr':
+            case 'twofish192-cbc':
+            case 'twofish192-ctr':
+                return 24;
+            case 'aes256-cbc':
+            case 'aes256-ctr':
+            case 'arcfour256':
+            case 'twofish-cbc':
+            case 'twofish256-cbc':
+            case 'twofish256-ctr':
+                return 32;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Maps an encryption algorithm name to an instance of a subclass of
+     * \phpseclib\Crypt\Base.
+     *
+     * @param string $algorithm Name of the encryption algorithm
+     * @return mixed Instance of \phpseclib\Crypt\Base or null for unknown
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _encryption_algorithm_to_crypt_instance($algorithm)
+    {
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case '3des-cbc':
+                return new TripleDES(Base::MODE_CBC);
+            case '3des-ctr':
+                return new TripleDES(Base::MODE_CTR);
+            case 'aes256-cbc':
+            case 'aes192-cbc':
+            case 'aes128-cbc':
+                return new Rijndael(Base::MODE_CBC);
+            case 'aes256-ctr':
+            case 'aes192-ctr':
+            case 'aes128-ctr':
+                return new Rijndael(Base::MODE_CTR);
+            case 'blowfish-cbc':
+                return new Blowfish(Base::MODE_CBC);
+            case 'blowfish-ctr':
+                return new Blowfish(Base::MODE_CTR);
+            case 'twofish128-cbc':
+            case 'twofish192-cbc':
+            case 'twofish256-cbc':
+            case 'twofish-cbc':
+                return new Twofish(Base::MODE_CBC);
+            case 'twofish128-ctr':
+            case 'twofish192-ctr':
+            case 'twofish256-ctr':
+                return new Twofish(Base::MODE_CTR);
+            case 'arcfour':
+            case 'arcfour128':
+            case 'arcfour256':
+                return new RC4();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login
+     *
+     * The $password parameter can be a plaintext password, a \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA object or an array
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param mixed $password
+     * @param mixed $...
+     * @return bool
+     * @see self::_login()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function login($username)
+    {
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        return call_user_func_array(array(&$this, '_login'), $args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login Helper
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param mixed $password
+     * @param mixed $...
+     * @return bool
+     * @see self::_login_helper()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _login($username)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONSTRUCTOR)) {
+            if (!$this->_connect()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $args = array_slice(func_get_args(), 1);
+        if (empty($args)) {
+            return $this->_login_helper($username);
+        }
+
+        foreach ($args as $arg) {
+            if ($this->_login_helper($username, $arg)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login Helper
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param string $password
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on other errors
+     * @access private
+     * @internal It might be worthwhile, at some point, to protect against {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4251#section-9.3.9 traffic analysis}
+     *           by sending dummy SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages.
+     */
+    function _login_helper($username, $password = null)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONNECTED)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN_REQ)) {
+            $packet = pack(
+                'CNa*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST,
+                strlen('ssh-userauth'),
+                'ssh-userauth'
+            );
+
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === false) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+            }
+
+            extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+            if ($type != NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT) {
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Expected SSH_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT');
+            }
+            $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN_REQ;
+        }
+
+        if (strlen($this->last_interactive_response)) {
+            return !is_string($password) && !is_array($password) ? false : $this->_keyboard_interactive_process($password);
+        }
+
+        if ($password instanceof RSA) {
+            return $this->_privatekey_login($username, $password);
+        } elseif ($password instanceof Agent) {
+            return $this->_ssh_agent_login($username, $password);
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($password)) {
+            if ($this->_keyboard_interactive_login($username, $password)) {
+                $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($password)) {
+            $packet = pack(
+                'CNa*Na*Na*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST,
+                strlen($username),
+                $username,
+                strlen('ssh-connection'),
+                'ssh-connection',
+                strlen('none'),
+                'none'
+            );
+
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === false) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+            }
+
+            extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+            switch ($type) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                    $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN;
+                    return true;
+                //case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNa*Na*Na*CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST,
+            strlen($username),
+            $username,
+            strlen('ssh-connection'),
+            'ssh-connection',
+            strlen('password'),
+            'password',
+            0,
+            strlen($password),
+            $password
+        );
+
+        // remove the username and password from the logged packet
+        if (!defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            $logged = null;
+        } else {
+            $logged = pack(
+                'CNa*Na*Na*CNa*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST,
+                strlen('username'),
+                'username',
+                strlen('ssh-connection'),
+                'ssh-connection',
+                strlen('password'),
+                'password',
+                0,
+                strlen('password'),
+                'password'
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet, $logged)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ: // in theory, the password can be changed
+                if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ';
+                }
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ: ' . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($response, $length));
+                return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER);
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                // can we use keyboard-interactive authentication?  if not then either the login is bad or the server employees
+                // multi-factor authentication
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $auth_methods = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $length));
+                extract(unpack('Cpartial_success', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+                $partial_success = $partial_success != 0;
+
+                if (!$partial_success && in_array('keyboard-interactive', $auth_methods)) {
+                    if ($this->_keyboard_interactive_login($username, $password)) {
+                        $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN;
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN;
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login via keyboard-interactive authentication
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4256 RFC4256} for details.  This is not a full-featured keyboard-interactive authenticator.
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param string $password
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _keyboard_interactive_login($username, $password)
+    {
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNa*Na*Na*Na*Na*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST,
+            strlen($username),
+            $username,
+            strlen('ssh-connection'),
+            'ssh-connection',
+            strlen('keyboard-interactive'),
+            'keyboard-interactive',
+            0,
+            '',
+            0,
+            ''
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_keyboard_interactive_process($password);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle the keyboard-interactive requests / responses.
+     *
+     * @param string $responses...
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _keyboard_interactive_process()
+    {
+        $responses = func_get_args();
+
+        if (strlen($this->last_interactive_response)) {
+            $response = $this->last_interactive_response;
+        } else {
+            $orig = $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === false) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+            }
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST:
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->_string_shift($response, $length); // name; may be empty
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->_string_shift($response, $length); // instruction; may be empty
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->_string_shift($response, $length); // language tag; may be empty
+                extract(unpack('Nnum_prompts', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+
+                for ($i = 0; $i < count($responses); $i++) {
+                    if (is_array($responses[$i])) {
+                        foreach ($responses[$i] as $key => $value) {
+                            $this->keyboard_requests_responses[$key] = $value;
+                        }
+                        unset($responses[$i]);
+                    }
+                }
+                $responses = array_values($responses);
+
+                if (isset($this->keyboard_requests_responses)) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < $num_prompts; $i++) {
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        // prompt - ie. "Password: "; must not be empty
+                        $prompt = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                        //$echo = $this->_string_shift($response) != chr(0);
+                        foreach ($this->keyboard_requests_responses as $key => $value) {
+                            if (substr($prompt, 0, strlen($key)) == $key) {
+                                $responses[] = $value;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4256#section-3.2
+                if (strlen($this->last_interactive_response)) {
+                    $this->last_interactive_response = '';
+                } elseif (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = str_replace(
+                        'UNKNOWN',
+                        'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST',
+                        $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1]
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if (!count($responses) && $num_prompts) {
+                    $this->last_interactive_response = $orig;
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                   After obtaining the requested information from the user, the client
+                   MUST respond with an SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE message.
+                */
+                // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4256#section-3.4
+                $packet = $logged = pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE, count($responses));
+                for ($i = 0; $i < count($responses); $i++) {
+                    $packet.= pack('Na*', strlen($responses[$i]), $responses[$i]);
+                    $logged.= pack('Na*', strlen('dummy-answer'), 'dummy-answer');
+                }
+
+                if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet, $logged)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING') && NET_SSH2_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = str_replace(
+                        'UNKNOWN',
+                        'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE',
+                        $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1]
+                    );
+                }
+
+                /*
+                   After receiving the response, the server MUST send either an
+                   SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE, or another
+                   SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST message.
+                */
+                // maybe phpseclib should force close the connection after x request / responses?  unless something like that is done
+                // there could be an infinite loop of request / responses.
+                return $this->_keyboard_interactive_process();
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                return true;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login with an ssh-agent provided key
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent $agent
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _ssh_agent_login($username, $agent)
+    {
+        $this->agent = $agent;
+        $keys = $agent->requestIdentities();
+        foreach ($keys as $key) {
+            if ($this->_privatekey_login($username, $key)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login with an RSA private key
+     *
+     * @param string $username
+     * @param \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA $password
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access private
+     * @internal It might be worthwhile, at some point, to protect against {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4251#section-9.3.9 traffic analysis}
+     *           by sending dummy SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages.
+     */
+    function _privatekey_login($username, $privatekey)
+    {
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#page-15
+        $publickey = $privatekey->getPublicKey('Raw');
+        if ($publickey === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $publickey = array(
+            'e' => $publickey['e']->toBytes(true),
+            'n' => $publickey['n']->toBytes(true)
+        );
+        $publickey = pack(
+            'Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen('ssh-rsa'),
+            'ssh-rsa',
+            strlen($publickey['e']),
+            $publickey['e'],
+            strlen($publickey['n']),
+            $publickey['n']
+        );
+
+        $part1 = pack(
+            'CNa*Na*Na*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST,
+            strlen($username),
+            $username,
+            strlen('ssh-connection'),
+            'ssh-connection',
+            strlen('publickey'),
+            'publickey'
+        );
+        $part2 = pack('Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($publickey), $publickey);
+
+        $packet = $part1 . chr(0) . $part2;
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE: ' . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK:
+                // we'll just take it on faith that the public key blob and the public key algorithm name are as
+                // they should be
+                if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING') && NET_SSH2_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = str_replace(
+                        'UNKNOWN',
+                        'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK',
+                        $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1]
+                    );
+                }
+        }
+
+        $packet = $part1 . chr(1) . $part2;
+        $privatekey->setHash('sha1');
+        $signature = $privatekey->sign(pack('Na*a*', strlen($this->session_id), $this->session_id, $packet), RSA::PADDING_PKCS1);
+        $signature = pack('Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($signature), $signature);
+        $packet.= pack('Na*', strlen($signature), $signature);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                // either the login is bad or the server employs multi-factor authentication
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_LOGIN;
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Timeout
+     *
+     * $ssh->exec('ping 127.0.0.1'); on a Linux host will never return and will run indefinitely.  setTimeout() makes it so it'll timeout.
+     * Setting $timeout to false or 0 will mean there is no timeout.
+     *
+     * @param mixed $timeout
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setTimeout($timeout)
+    {
+        $this->timeout = $this->curTimeout = $timeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the output from stdError
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getStdError()
+    {
+        return $this->stdErrorLog;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute Command
+     *
+     * If $callback is set to false then \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_EXEC) will need to be called manually.
+     * In all likelihood, this is not a feature you want to be taking advantage of.
+     *
+     * @param string $command
+     * @param Callback $callback
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function exec($command, $callback = null)
+    {
+        $this->curTimeout = $this->timeout;
+        $this->is_timeout = false;
+        $this->stdErrorLog = '';
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // RFC4254 defines the (client) window size as "bytes the other party can send before it must wait for the window to
+        // be adjusted".  0x7FFFFFFF is, at 2GB, the max size.  technically, it should probably be decremented, but,
+        // honestly, if you're transfering more than 2GB, you probably shouldn't be using phpseclib, anyway.
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.2 for more info
+        $this->window_size_server_to_client[self::CHANNEL_EXEC] = $this->window_size;
+        // 0x8000 is the maximum max packet size, per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-6.1, although since PuTTy
+        // uses 0x4000, that's what will be used here, as well.
+        $packet_size = 0x4000;
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNa*N3',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN,
+            strlen('session'),
+            'session',
+            self::CHANNEL_EXEC,
+            $this->window_size_server_to_client[self::CHANNEL_EXEC],
+            $packet_size
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_EXEC] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_EXEC);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->request_pty === true) {
+            $terminal_modes = pack('C', NET_SSH2_TTY_OP_END);
+            $packet = pack(
+                'CNNa*CNa*N5a*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+                $this->server_channels[self::CHANNEL_EXEC],
+                strlen('pty-req'),
+                'pty-req',
+                1,
+                strlen('vt100'),
+                'vt100',
+                $this->windowColumns,
+                $this->windowRows,
+                0,
+                0,
+                strlen($terminal_modes),
+                $terminal_modes
+            );
+
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === false) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+            }
+
+            list(, $type) = unpack('C', $this->_string_shift($response, 1));
+
+            switch ($type) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS:
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE:
+                default:
+                    $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                    throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to request pseudo-terminal');
+            }
+            $this->in_request_pty_exec = true;
+        }
+
+        // sending a pty-req SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST message is unnecessary and, in fact, in most cases, slows things
+        // down.  the one place where it might be desirable is if you're doing something like \phpseclib\Net\SSH2::exec('ping localhost &').
+        // with a pty-req SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST, exec() will return immediately and the ping process will then
+        // then immediately terminate.  without such a request exec() will loop indefinitely.  the ping process won't end but
+        // neither will your script.
+
+        // although, in theory, the size of SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST could exceed the maximum packet size established by
+        // SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION, RFC4254#section-5.1 states that the "maximum packet size" refers to the
+        // "maximum size of an individual data packet". ie. SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA.  RFC4254#section-5.2 corroborates.
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNNa*CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+            $this->server_channels[self::CHANNEL_EXEC],
+            strlen('exec'),
+            'exec',
+            1,
+            strlen($command),
+            $command
+        );
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_EXEC] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_EXEC);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_EXEC] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA;
+
+        if ($callback === false || $this->in_request_pty_exec) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $output = '';
+        while (true) {
+            $temp = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_EXEC);
+            switch (true) {
+                case $temp === true:
+                    return is_callable($callback) ? true : $output;
+                case $temp === false:
+                    return false;
+                default:
+                    if (is_callable($callback)) {
+                        if (call_user_func($callback, $temp) === true) {
+                            $this->_close_channel(self::CHANNEL_EXEC);
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        $output.= $temp;
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an interactive shell
+     *
+     * @see self::read()
+     * @see self::write()
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \UnexpectedValueException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on other errors
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _initShell()
+    {
+        if ($this->in_request_pty_exec === true) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $this->window_size_server_to_client[self::CHANNEL_SHELL] = $this->window_size;
+        $packet_size = 0x4000;
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNa*N3',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN,
+            strlen('session'),
+            'session',
+            self::CHANNEL_SHELL,
+            $this->window_size_server_to_client[self::CHANNEL_SHELL],
+            $packet_size
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_SHELL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_SHELL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $terminal_modes = pack('C', NET_SSH2_TTY_OP_END);
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNNa*CNa*N5a*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+            $this->server_channels[self::CHANNEL_SHELL],
+            strlen('pty-req'),
+            'pty-req',
+            1,
+            strlen('vt100'),
+            'vt100',
+            $this->windowColumns,
+            $this->windowRows,
+            0,
+            0,
+            strlen($terminal_modes),
+            $terminal_modes
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+        }
+
+        list(, $type) = unpack('C', $this->_string_shift($response, 1));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS:
+            // if a pty can't be opened maybe commands can still be executed
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE:
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Unable to request pseudo-terminal');
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNNa*C',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+            $this->server_channels[self::CHANNEL_SHELL],
+            strlen('shell'),
+            'shell',
+            1
+        );
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_SHELL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_SHELL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_SHELL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA;
+
+        $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_SHELL;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the channel to be used with read() / write()
+     *
+     * @see self::read()
+     * @see self::write()
+     * @return int
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _get_interactive_channel()
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case $this->in_subsystem:
+                return self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM;
+            case $this->in_request_pty_exec:
+                return self::CHANNEL_EXEC;
+            default:
+                return self::CHANNEL_SHELL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return an available open channel
+     *
+     * @return int
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _get_open_channel()
+    {
+        $channel = self::CHANNEL_EXEC;
+        do {
+            if (isset($this->channel_status[$channel]) && $this->channel_status[$channel] == NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN) {
+                return $channel;
+            }
+        } while ($channel++ < self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the output of an interactive shell
+     *
+     * Returns when there's a match for $expect, which can take the form of a string literal or,
+     * if $mode == self::READ_REGEX, a regular expression.
+     *
+     * @see self::write()
+     * @param string $expect
+     * @param int $mode
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function read($expect = '', $mode = self::READ_SIMPLE)
+    {
+        $this->curTimeout = $this->timeout;
+        $this->is_timeout = false;
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+        }
+
+        $channel = $this->_get_interactive_channel();
+
+        $match = $expect;
+        while (true) {
+            if ($mode == self::READ_REGEX) {
+                preg_match($expect, substr($this->interactiveBuffer, -1024), $matches);
+                $match = isset($matches[0]) ? $matches[0] : '';
+            }
+            $pos = strlen($match) ? strpos($this->interactiveBuffer, $match) : false;
+            if ($pos !== false) {
+                return $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, $pos + strlen($match));
+            }
+            $response = $this->_get_channel_packet($channel);
+            if (is_bool($response)) {
+                $this->in_request_pty_exec = false;
+                return $response ? $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, strlen($this->interactiveBuffer)) : false;
+            }
+
+            $this->interactiveBuffer.= $response;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inputs a command into an interactive shell.
+     *
+     * @see self::read()
+     * @param string $cmd
+     * @return bool
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function write($cmd)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+        }
+
+        return $this->_send_channel_packet($this->_get_interactive_channel(), $cmd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a subsystem.
+     *
+     * Right now only one subsystem at a time is supported. To support multiple subsystem's stopSubsystem() could accept
+     * a string that contained the name of the subsystem, but at that point, only one subsystem of each type could be opened.
+     * To support multiple subsystem's of the same name maybe it'd be best if startSubsystem() generated a new channel id and
+     * returns that and then that that was passed into stopSubsystem() but that'll be saved for a future date and implemented
+     * if there's sufficient demand for such a feature.
+     *
+     * @see self::stopSubsystem()
+     * @param string $subsystem
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function startSubsystem($subsystem)
+    {
+        $this->window_size_server_to_client[self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM] = $this->window_size;
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNa*N3',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN,
+            strlen('session'),
+            'session',
+            self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM,
+            $this->window_size,
+            0x4000
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNNa*CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+            $this->server_channels[self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM],
+            strlen('subsystem'),
+            'subsystem',
+            1,
+            strlen($subsystem),
+            $subsystem
+        );
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM);
+
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA;
+
+        $this->bitmap |= self::MASK_SHELL;
+        $this->in_subsystem = true;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops a subsystem.
+     *
+     * @see self::startSubsystem()
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function stopSubsystem()
+    {
+        $this->in_subsystem = false;
+        $this->_close_channel(self::CHANNEL_SUBSYSTEM);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes a channel
+     *
+     * If read() timed out you might want to just close the channel and have it auto-restart on the next read() call
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function reset()
+    {
+        $this->_close_channel($this->_get_interactive_channel());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is timeout?
+     *
+     * Did exec() or read() return because they timed out or because they encountered the end?
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function isTimeout()
+    {
+        return $this->is_timeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disconnect()
+    {
+        $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+        if (isset($this->realtime_log_file) && is_resource($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+            fclose($this->realtime_log_file);
+        }
+        unset(self::$connections[$this->getResourceId()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructor.
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, if you're supporting just PHP5.  If you're supporting PHP4, you'll need to call
+     * disconnect().
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __destruct()
+    {
+        $this->disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the connection still active?
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function isConnected()
+    {
+        return (bool) ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONNECTED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Have you successfully been logged in?
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function isAuthenticated()
+    {
+        return (bool) ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets Binary Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. Binary Packet Protocol' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @see self::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection errors
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_binary_packet()
+    {
+        if (!is_resource($this->fsock) || feof($this->fsock)) {
+            $this->bitmap = 0;
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed prematurely');
+        }
+
+        $start = microtime(true);
+        $raw = stream_get_contents($this->fsock, $this->decrypt_block_size);
+
+        if (!strlen($raw)) {
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        if ($this->decrypt !== false) {
+            $raw = $this->decrypt->decrypt($raw);
+        }
+        if ($raw === false) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to decrypt content');
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Npacket_length/Cpadding_length', $this->_string_shift($raw, 5)));
+
+        $remaining_length = $packet_length + 4 - $this->decrypt_block_size;
+
+        // quoting <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-6.1>,
+        // "implementations SHOULD check that the packet length is reasonable"
+        // PuTTY uses 0x9000 as the actual max packet size and so to shall we
+        if ($remaining_length < -$this->decrypt_block_size || $remaining_length > 0x9000 || $remaining_length % $this->decrypt_block_size != 0) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Invalid size');
+        }
+
+        $buffer = '';
+        while ($remaining_length > 0) {
+            $temp = stream_get_contents($this->fsock, $remaining_length);
+            if ($temp === false || feof($this->fsock)) {
+                $this->bitmap = 0;
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Error reading from socket');
+            }
+            $buffer.= $temp;
+            $remaining_length-= strlen($temp);
+        }
+        $stop = microtime(true);
+        if (strlen($buffer)) {
+            $raw.= $this->decrypt !== false ? $this->decrypt->decrypt($buffer) : $buffer;
+        }
+
+        $payload = $this->_string_shift($raw, $packet_length - $padding_length - 1);
+        $padding = $this->_string_shift($raw, $padding_length); // should leave $raw empty
+
+        if ($this->hmac_check !== false) {
+            $hmac = stream_get_contents($this->fsock, $this->hmac_size);
+            if ($hmac === false || strlen($hmac) != $this->hmac_size) {
+                $this->bitmap = 0;
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Error reading socket');
+            } elseif ($hmac != $this->hmac_check->hash(pack('NNCa*', $this->get_seq_no, $packet_length, $padding_length, $payload . $padding))) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Invalid HMAC');
+            }
+        }
+
+        //if ($this->decompress) {
+        //    $payload = gzinflate(substr($payload, 2));
+        //}
+
+        $this->get_seq_no++;
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            $current = microtime(true);
+            $message_number = isset($this->message_numbers[ord($payload[0])]) ? $this->message_numbers[ord($payload[0])] : 'UNKNOWN (' . ord($payload[0]) . ')';
+            $message_number = '<- ' . $message_number .
+                              ' (since last: ' . round($current - $this->last_packet, 4) . ', network: ' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($message_number, $payload);
+            $this->last_packet = $current;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_filter($payload);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filter Binary Packets
+     *
+     * Because some binary packets need to be ignored...
+     *
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _filter($payload)
+    {
+        switch (ord($payload[0])) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT:
+                $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+                extract(unpack('Nreason_code/Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 8)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT: ' . $this->disconnect_reasons[$reason_code] . "\r\n" . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+                $this->bitmap = 0;
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_IGNORE:
+                $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_DEBUG:
+                $this->_string_shift($payload, 2);
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_DEBUG: ' . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+                $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED:
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT:
+                if ($this->session_id !== false) {
+                    if (!$this->_key_exchange($payload)) {
+                        $this->bitmap = 0;
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                }
+        }
+
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4252#section-5.4; only called when the encryption has been activated and when we haven't already logged in
+        if (($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONNECTED) && !($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN) && ord($payload[0]) == NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER) {
+            $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+            $this->banner_message = utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+            $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        }
+
+        // only called when we've already logged in
+        if (($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONNECTED) && ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            switch (ord($payload[0])) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST: // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-4
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                    $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST: ' . $this->_string_shift($payload, $length);
+
+                    if (!$this->_send_binary_packet(pack('C', NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE))) {
+                        return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                    }
+
+                    $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN: // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.1
+                    $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                    $data = $this->_string_shift($payload, $length);
+                    extract(unpack('Nserver_channel', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                    switch ($data) {
+                        case 'auth-agent':
+                        case 'auth-agent@openssh.com':
+                            if (isset($this->agent)) {
+                                $new_channel = self::CHANNEL_AGENT_FORWARD;
+
+                                extract(unpack('Nremote_window_size', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                                extract(unpack('Nremote_maximum_packet_size', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+
+                                $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$new_channel] = $remote_window_size;
+                                $this->window_size_server_to_client[$new_channel] = $remote_maximum_packet_size;
+                                $this->window_size_client_to_server[$new_channel] = $this->window_size;
+
+                                $packet_size = 0x4000;
+
+                                $packet = pack(
+                                    'CN4',
+                                    NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION,
+                                    $server_channel,
+                                    $new_channel,
+                                    $packet_size,
+                                    $packet_size
+                                );
+
+                                $this->server_channels[$new_channel] = $server_channel;
+                                $this->channel_status[$new_channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION;
+                                if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            $packet = pack(
+                                'CN3a*Na*',
+                                NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE,
+                                $server_channel,
+                                NET_SSH2_OPEN_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED,
+                                0,
+                                '',
+                                0,
+                                ''
+                            );
+
+                            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                                return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                            }
+                    }
+                    $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST:
+                    $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+                    extract(unpack('Nchannel', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                    extract(unpack('Nwindow_size', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                    $this->window_size_client_to_server[$channel]+= $window_size;
+
+                    $payload = ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_WINDOW_ADJUST) ? true : $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $payload;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable Quiet Mode
+     *
+     * Suppress stderr from output
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableQuietMode()
+    {
+        $this->quiet_mode = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable Quiet Mode
+     *
+     * Show stderr in output
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableQuietMode()
+    {
+        $this->quiet_mode = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether Quiet Mode is enabled or not
+     *
+     * @see self::enableQuietMode()
+     * @see self::disableQuietMode()
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function isQuietModeEnabled()
+    {
+        return $this->quiet_mode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable request-pty when using exec()
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enablePTY()
+    {
+        $this->request_pty = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable request-pty when using exec()
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disablePTY()
+    {
+        $this->request_pty = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether request-pty is enabled or not
+     *
+     * @see self::enablePTY()
+     * @see self::disablePTY()
+     * @access public
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    function isPTYEnabled()
+    {
+        return $this->request_pty;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets channel data
+     *
+     * Returns the data as a string if it's available and false if not.
+     *
+     * @param $client_channel
+     * @return mixed
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection error
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_channel_packet($client_channel, $skip_extended = false)
+    {
+        if (!empty($this->channel_buffers[$client_channel])) {
+            return array_shift($this->channel_buffers[$client_channel]);
+        }
+
+        while (true) {
+            if ($this->curTimeout) {
+                if ($this->curTimeout < 0) {
+                    $this->is_timeout = true;
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                $read = array($this->fsock);
+                $write = $except = null;
+
+                $start = microtime(true);
+                $sec = floor($this->curTimeout);
+                $usec = 1000000 * ($this->curTimeout - $sec);
+                // on windows this returns a "Warning: Invalid CRT parameters detected" error
+                if (!@stream_select($read, $write, $except, $sec, $usec) && !count($read)) {
+                    $this->is_timeout = true;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                $elapsed = microtime(true) - $start;
+                $this->curTimeout-= $elapsed;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === false) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed by server');
+            }
+            if ($client_channel == -1 && $response === true) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (!strlen($response)) {
+                return '';
+            }
+
+            extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+            if ($type == NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN) {
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            } else {
+                extract(unpack('Nchannel', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            }
+
+            // will not be setup yet on incoming channel open request
+            if (isset($channel) && isset($this->channel_status[$channel]) && isset($this->window_size_server_to_client[$channel])) {
+                $this->window_size_server_to_client[$channel]-= strlen($response);
+
+                // resize the window, if appropriate
+                if ($this->window_size_server_to_client[$channel] < 0) {
+                    $packet = pack('CNN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST, $this->server_channels[$channel], $this->window_size);
+                    if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $this->window_size_server_to_client[$channel]+= $this->window_size;
+                }
+
+                switch ($this->channel_status[$channel]) {
+                    case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN:
+                        switch ($type) {
+                            case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION:
+                                extract(unpack('Nserver_channel', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                                $this->server_channels[$channel] = $server_channel;
+                                extract(unpack('Nwindow_size', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                                if ($window_size < 0) {
+                                    $window_size&= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+                                    $window_size+= 0x80000000;
+                                }
+                                $this->window_size_client_to_server[$channel] = $window_size;
+                                $temp = unpack('Npacket_size_client_to_server', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+                                $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$channel] = $temp['packet_size_client_to_server'];
+                                $result = $client_channel == $channel ? true : $this->_get_channel_packet($client_channel, $skip_extended);
+                                $this->_on_channel_open();
+                                return $result;
+                            //case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE:
+                            default:
+                                $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                                throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to open channel');
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST:
+                        switch ($type) {
+                            case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS:
+                                return true;
+                            case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE:
+                                return false;
+                            default:
+                                $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                                throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to fulfill channel request');
+                        }
+                    case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE:
+                        return $type == NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE ? true : $this->_get_channel_packet($client_channel, $skip_extended);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // ie. $this->channel_status[$channel] == NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA
+
+            switch ($type) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA:
+                    /*
+                    if ($channel == self::CHANNEL_EXEC) {
+                        // SCP requires null packets, such as this, be sent.  further, in the case of the ssh.com SSH server
+                        // this actually seems to make things twice as fast.  more to the point, the message right after
+                        // SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA (usually SSH_MSG_IGNORE) won't block for as long as it would have otherwise.
+                        // in OpenSSH it slows things down but only by a couple thousandths of a second.
+                        $this->_send_channel_packet($channel, chr(0));
+                    }
+                    */
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    $data = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+
+                    if ($channel == self::CHANNEL_AGENT_FORWARD) {
+                        $agent_response = $this->agent->_forward_data($data);
+                        if (!is_bool($agent_response)) {
+                            $this->_send_channel_packet($channel, $agent_response);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if ($client_channel == $channel) {
+                        return $data;
+                    }
+                    if (!isset($this->channel_buffers[$channel])) {
+                        $this->channel_buffers[$channel] = array();
+                    }
+                    $this->channel_buffers[$channel][] = $data;
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA:
+                    /*
+                    if ($client_channel == self::CHANNEL_EXEC) {
+                        $this->_send_channel_packet($client_channel, chr(0));
+                    }
+                    */
+                    // currently, there's only one possible value for $data_type_code: NET_SSH2_EXTENDED_DATA_STDERR
+                    extract(unpack('Ndata_type_code/Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 8)));
+                    $data = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    $this->stdErrorLog.= $data;
+                    if ($skip_extended || $this->quiet_mode) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if ($client_channel == $channel) {
+                        return $data;
+                    }
+                    if (!isset($this->channel_buffers[$channel])) {
+                        $this->channel_buffers[$channel] = array();
+                    }
+                    $this->channel_buffers[$channel][] = $data;
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST:
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    $value = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    switch ($value) {
+                        case 'exit-signal':
+                            $this->_string_shift($response, 1);
+                            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                            $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST (exit-signal): ' . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                            $this->_string_shift($response, 1);
+                            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                            if ($length) {
+                                $this->errors[count($this->errors)].= "\r\n" . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                            }
+
+                            $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF, $this->server_channels[$client_channel]));
+                            $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, $this->server_channels[$channel]));
+
+                            $this->channel_status[$channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF;
+
+                            break;
+                        case 'exit-status':
+                            extract(unpack('Cfalse/Nexit_status', $this->_string_shift($response, 5)));
+                            $this->exit_status = $exit_status;
+
+                            // "The client MAY ignore these messages."
+                            // -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-6.10
+
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            // "Some systems may not implement signals, in which case they SHOULD ignore this message."
+                            //  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-6.9
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE:
+                    $this->curTimeout = 0;
+
+                    if ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_SHELL) {
+                        $this->bitmap&= ~self::MASK_SHELL;
+                    }
+                    if ($this->channel_status[$channel] != NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF) {
+                        $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, $this->server_channels[$channel]));
+                    }
+
+                    $this->channel_status[$channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE;
+                    return true;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF:
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                    throw new \RuntimeException('Error reading channel data');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends Binary Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. Binary Packet Protocol' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @param string $data
+     * @param string $logged
+     * @see self::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_binary_packet($data, $logged = null)
+    {
+        if (!is_resource($this->fsock) || feof($this->fsock)) {
+            $this->bitmap = 0;
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed prematurely');
+        }
+
+        //if ($this->compress) {
+        //    // the -4 removes the checksum:
+        //    // http://php.net/function.gzcompress#57710
+        //    $data = substr(gzcompress($data), 0, -4);
+        //}
+
+        // 4 (packet length) + 1 (padding length) + 4 (minimal padding amount) == 9
+        $packet_length = strlen($data) + 9;
+        // round up to the nearest $this->encrypt_block_size
+        $packet_length+= (($this->encrypt_block_size - 1) * $packet_length) % $this->encrypt_block_size;
+        // subtracting strlen($data) is obvious - subtracting 5 is necessary because of packet_length and padding_length
+        $padding_length = $packet_length - strlen($data) - 5;
+        $padding = Random::string($padding_length);
+
+        // we subtract 4 from packet_length because the packet_length field isn't supposed to include itself
+        $packet = pack('NCa*', $packet_length - 4, $padding_length, $data . $padding);
+
+        $hmac = $this->hmac_create !== false ? $this->hmac_create->hash(pack('Na*', $this->send_seq_no, $packet)) : '';
+        $this->send_seq_no++;
+
+        if ($this->encrypt !== false) {
+            $packet = $this->encrypt->encrypt($packet);
+        }
+
+        $packet.= $hmac;
+
+        $start = microtime(true);
+        $result = strlen($packet) == fputs($this->fsock, $packet);
+        $stop = microtime(true);
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            $current = microtime(true);
+            $message_number = isset($this->message_numbers[ord($data[0])]) ? $this->message_numbers[ord($data[0])] : 'UNKNOWN (' . ord($data[0]) . ')';
+            $message_number = '-> ' . $message_number .
+                              ' (since last: ' . round($current - $this->last_packet, 4) . ', network: ' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($message_number, isset($logged) ? $logged : $data);
+            $this->last_packet = $current;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logs data packets
+     *
+     * Makes sure that only the last 1MB worth of packets will be logged
+     *
+     * @param string $data
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _append_log($message_number, $message)
+    {
+        // remove the byte identifying the message type from all but the first two messages (ie. the identification strings)
+        if (strlen($message_number) > 2) {
+            $this->_string_shift($message);
+        }
+
+        switch (NET_SSH2_LOGGING) {
+            // useful for benchmarks
+            case self::LOG_SIMPLE:
+                $this->message_number_log[] = $message_number;
+                break;
+            // the most useful log for SSH2
+            case self::LOG_COMPLEX:
+                $this->message_number_log[] = $message_number;
+                $this->log_size+= strlen($message);
+                $this->message_log[] = $message;
+                while ($this->log_size > self::LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                    $this->log_size-= strlen(array_shift($this->message_log));
+                    array_shift($this->message_number_log);
+                }
+                break;
+            // dump the output out realtime; packets may be interspersed with non packets,
+            // passwords won't be filtered out and select other packets may not be correctly
+            // identified
+            case self::LOG_REALTIME:
+                switch (PHP_SAPI) {
+                    case 'cli':
+                        $start = $stop = "\r\n";
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $start = '<pre>';
+                        $stop = '</pre>';
+                }
+                echo $start . $this->_format_log(array($message), array($message_number)) . $stop;
+                @flush();
+                @ob_flush();
+                break;
+            // basically the same thing as self::LOG_REALTIME with the caveat that NET_SFTP_LOG_REALTIME_FILENAME
+            // needs to be defined and that the resultant log file will be capped out at self::LOG_MAX_SIZE.
+            // the earliest part of the log file is denoted by the first <<< START >>> and is not going to necessarily
+            // at the beginning of the file
+            case self::LOG_REALTIME_FILE:
+                if (!isset($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                    // PHP doesn't seem to like using constants in fopen()
+                    $filename = NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME_FILENAME;
+                    $fp = fopen($filename, 'w');
+                    $this->realtime_log_file = $fp;
+                }
+                if (!is_resource($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                $entry = $this->_format_log(array($message), array($message_number));
+                if ($this->realtime_log_wrap) {
+                    $temp = "<<< START >>>\r\n";
+                    $entry.= $temp;
+                    fseek($this->realtime_log_file, ftell($this->realtime_log_file) - strlen($temp));
+                }
+                $this->realtime_log_size+= strlen($entry);
+                if ($this->realtime_log_size > self::LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                    fseek($this->realtime_log_file, 0);
+                    $this->realtime_log_size = strlen($entry);
+                    $this->realtime_log_wrap = true;
+                }
+                fputs($this->realtime_log_file, $entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends channel data
+     *
+     * Spans multiple SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATAs if appropriate
+     *
+     * @param int $client_channel
+     * @param string $data
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_channel_packet($client_channel, $data)
+    {
+        while (strlen($data)) {
+            if (!$this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]) {
+                $this->bitmap^= self::MASK_WINDOW_ADJUST;
+                // using an invalid channel will let the buffers be built up for the valid channels
+                $this->_get_channel_packet(-1);
+                $this->bitmap^= self::MASK_WINDOW_ADJUST;
+            }
+
+            /* The maximum amount of data allowed is determined by the maximum
+               packet size for the channel, and the current window size, whichever
+               is smaller.
+                 -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.2 */
+            $max_size = min(
+                $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$client_channel],
+                $this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]
+            );
+
+            $temp = $this->_string_shift($data, $max_size);
+            $packet = pack(
+                'CN2a*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA,
+                $this->server_channels[$client_channel],
+                strlen($temp),
+                $temp
+            );
+            $this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]-= strlen($temp);
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes and flushes a channel
+     *
+     * \phpseclib\Net\SSH2 doesn't properly close most channels.  For exec() channels are normally closed by the server
+     * and for SFTP channels are presumably closed when the client disconnects.  This functions is intended
+     * for SCP more than anything.
+     *
+     * @param int $client_channel
+     * @param bool $want_reply
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _close_channel($client_channel, $want_reply = false)
+    {
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.3
+
+        $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF, $this->server_channels[$client_channel]));
+
+        if (!$want_reply) {
+            $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, $this->server_channels[$client_channel]));
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[$client_channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE;
+
+        $this->curTimeout = 0;
+
+        while (!is_bool($this->_get_channel_packet($client_channel))) {
+        }
+
+        if ($want_reply) {
+            $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, $this->server_channels[$client_channel]));
+        }
+
+        if ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_SHELL) {
+            $this->bitmap&= ~self::MASK_SHELL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @param int $reason
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _disconnect($reason)
+    {
+        if ($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONNECTED) {
+            $data = pack('CNNa*Na*', NET_SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT, $reason, 0, '', 0, '');
+            $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+            $this->bitmap = 0;
+            fclose($this->fsock);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param string $string
+     * @param int $index
+     * @return string
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Define Array
+     *
+     * Takes any number of arrays whose indices are integers and whose values are strings and defines a bunch of
+     * named constants from it, using the value as the name of the constant and the index as the value of the constant.
+     * If any of the constants that would be defined already exists, none of the constants will be defined.
+     *
+     * @param array $array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _define_array()
+    {
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        foreach ($args as $arg) {
+            foreach ($arg as $key => $value) {
+                if (!defined($value)) {
+                    define($value, $key);
+                } else {
+                    break 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a log of the packets that have been sent and received.
+     *
+     * Returns a string if NET_SSH2_LOGGING == self::LOG_COMPLEX, an array if NET_SSH2_LOGGING == self::LOG_SIMPLE and false if !defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return array|false|string
+     */
+    function getLog()
+    {
+        if (!defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (NET_SSH2_LOGGING) {
+            case self::LOG_SIMPLE:
+                return $this->message_number_log;
+                break;
+            case self::LOG_COMPLEX:
+                return $this->_format_log($this->message_log, $this->message_number_log);
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats a log for printing
+     *
+     * @param array $message_log
+     * @param array $message_number_log
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _format_log($message_log, $message_number_log)
+    {
+        $output = '';
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($message_log); $i++) {
+            $output.= $message_number_log[$i] . "\r\n";
+            $current_log = $message_log[$i];
+            $j = 0;
+            do {
+                if (strlen($current_log)) {
+                    $output.= str_pad(dechex($j), 7, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . '0  ';
+                }
+                $fragment = $this->_string_shift($current_log, $this->log_short_width);
+                $hex = substr(preg_replace_callback('#.#s', array($this, '_format_log_helper'), $fragment), strlen($this->log_boundary));
+                // replace non ASCII printable characters with dots
+                // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters
+                // also replace < with a . since < messes up the output on web browsers
+                $raw = preg_replace('#[^\x20-\x7E]|<#', '.', $fragment);
+                $output.= str_pad($hex, $this->log_long_width - $this->log_short_width, ' ') . $raw . "\r\n";
+                $j++;
+            } while (strlen($current_log));
+            $output.= "\r\n";
+        }
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for _format_log
+     *
+     * For use with preg_replace_callback()
+     *
+     * @param array $matches
+     * @access private
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function _format_log_helper($matches)
+    {
+        return $this->log_boundary . str_pad(dechex(ord($matches[0])), 2, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for agent->_on_channel_open()
+     *
+     * Used when channels are created to inform agent
+     * of said channel opening. Must be called after
+     * channel open confirmation received
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _on_channel_open()
+    {
+        if (isset($this->agent)) {
+            $this->agent->_on_channel_open($this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the first value of the intersection of two arrays or false if
+     * the intersection is empty. The order is defined by the first parameter.
+     *
+     * @param array $array1
+     * @param array $array2
+     * @return mixed False if intersection is empty, else intersected value.
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _array_intersect_first($array1, $array2)
+    {
+        foreach ($array1 as $value) {
+            if (in_array($value, $array2)) {
+                return $value;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all errors
+     *
+     * @return string[]
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getErrors()
+    {
+        return $this->errors;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the last error
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLastError()
+    {
+        $count = count($this->errors);
+
+        if ($count > 0) {
+            return $this->errors[$count - 1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server identification.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerIdentification()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->server_identifier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the key exchange algorithms the server supports.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getKexAlgorithms()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->kex_algorithms;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the host key (public key) algorithms the server supports.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerHostKeyAlgorithms()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->server_host_key_algorithms;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the (symmetric key) encryption algorithms the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getEncryptionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->encryption_algorithms_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the (symmetric key) encryption algorithms the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getEncryptionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->encryption_algorithms_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the MAC algorithms the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getMACAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->mac_algorithms_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the MAC algorithms the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getMACAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->mac_algorithms_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the compression algorithms the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getCompressionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->compression_algorithms_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the compression algorithms the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getCompressionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->compression_algorithms_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the languages the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLanguagesServer2Client()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->languages_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the languages the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLanguagesClient2Server()
+    {
+        $this->_connect();
+
+        return $this->languages_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the banner message.
+     *
+     * Quoting from the RFC, "in some jurisdictions, sending a warning message before
+     * authentication may be relevant for getting legal protection."
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getBannerMessage()
+    {
+        return $this->banner_message;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the server public host key.
+     *
+     * Caching this the first time you connect to a server and checking the result on subsequent connections
+     * is recommended.  Returns false if the server signature is not signed correctly with the public host key.
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on badly formatted keys
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\NoSupportedAlgorithmsException when the key isn't in a supported format
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerPublicHostKey()
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & self::MASK_CONSTRUCTOR)) {
+            if (!$this->_connect()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $signature = $this->signature;
+        $server_public_host_key = $this->server_public_host_key;
+
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4)));
+        $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $length);
+
+        if ($this->signature_validated) {
+            return $this->bitmap ?
+                $this->signature_format . ' ' . Base64::encode($this->server_public_host_key) :
+                false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signature_validated = true;
+
+        switch ($this->signature_format) {
+            case 'ssh-dss':
+                $zero = new BigInteger();
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $p = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $q = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $g = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $y = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                /* The value for 'dss_signature_blob' is encoded as a string containing
+                   r, followed by s (which are 160-bit integers, without lengths or
+                   padding, unsigned, and in network byte order). */
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($signature, 4));
+                if ($temp['length'] != 40) {
+                    $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+                    throw new \RuntimeException('Invalid signature');
+                }
+
+                $r = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($signature, 20), 256);
+                $s = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($signature, 20), 256);
+
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $r->equals($zero):
+                    case $r->compare($q) >= 0:
+                    case $s->equals($zero):
+                    case $s->compare($q) >= 0:
+                        $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+                        throw new \RuntimeException('Invalid signature');
+                }
+
+                $w = $s->modInverse($q);
+
+                $u1 = $w->multiply(new BigInteger(sha1($this->exchange_hash), 16));
+                list(, $u1) = $u1->divide($q);
+
+                $u2 = $w->multiply($r);
+                list(, $u2) = $u2->divide($q);
+
+                $g = $g->modPow($u1, $p);
+                $y = $y->modPow($u2, $p);
+
+                $v = $g->multiply($y);
+                list(, $v) = $v->divide($p);
+                list(, $v) = $v->divide($q);
+
+                if (!$v->equals($r)) {
+                    //user_error('Bad server signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+                }
+
+                break;
+            case 'ssh-rsa':
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $e = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $rawN = $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']);
+                $n = new BigInteger($rawN, -256);
+                $nLength = strlen(ltrim($rawN, "\0"));
+
+                /*
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($signature, 4));
+                $signature = $this->_string_shift($signature, $temp['length']);
+
+                $rsa = new RSA();
+                $rsa->load(array('e' => $e, 'n' => $n), 'raw');
+                $rsa->setHash('sha1');
+                if (!$rsa->verify($this->exchange_hash, $signature, RSA::PADDING_PKCS1)) {
+                    //user_error('Bad server signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+                }
+                */
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($signature, 4));
+                $s = new BigInteger($this->_string_shift($signature, $temp['length']), 256);
+
+                // validate an RSA signature per "8.2 RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5", "5.2.2 RSAVP1", and "9.1 EMSA-PSS" in the
+                // following URL:
+                // ftp://ftp.rsasecurity.com/pub/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1.pdf
+
+                // also, see SSHRSA.c (rsa2_verifysig) in PuTTy's source.
+
+                if ($s->compare(new BigInteger()) < 0 || $s->compare($n->subtract(new BigInteger(1))) > 0) {
+                    $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+                    throw new \RuntimeException('Invalid signature');
+                }
+
+                $s = $s->modPow($e, $n);
+                $s = $s->toBytes();
+
+                $h = pack('N4H*', 0x00302130, 0x0906052B, 0x0E03021A, 0x05000414, sha1($this->exchange_hash));
+                $h = chr(0x01) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $nLength - 2 - strlen($h)) . $h;
+
+                if ($s != $h) {
+                    //user_error('Bad server signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+                throw new NoSupportedAlgorithmsException('Unsupported signature format');
+        }
+
+        return $this->signature_format . ' ' . Base64::encode($this->server_public_host_key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the exit status of an SSH command or false.
+     *
+     * @return false|int
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getExitStatus()
+    {
+        if (is_null($this->exit_status)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $this->exit_status;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of columns for the terminal window size.
+     *
+     * @return int
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getWindowColumns()
+    {
+        return $this->windowColumns;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of rows for the terminal window size.
+     *
+     * @return int
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getWindowRows()
+    {
+        return $this->windowRows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the number of columns for the terminal window size.
+     *
+     * @param int $value
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setWindowColumns($value)
+    {
+        $this->windowColumns = $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the number of rows for the terminal window size.
+     *
+     * @param int $value
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setWindowRows($value)
+    {
+        $this->windowRows = $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the number of columns and rows for the terminal window size.
+     *
+     * @param int $columns
+     * @param int $rows
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setWindowSize($columns = 80, $rows = 24)
+    {
+        $this->windowColumns = $columns;
+        $this->windowRows = $rows;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function __toString()
+    {
+        return $this->getResourceId();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * We use {} because that symbols should not be in URL according to
+     * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2 RFC}.
+     * It will safe us from any conflicts, because otherwise regexp will
+     * match all alphanumeric domains.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    function getResourceId()
+    {
+        return '{' . spl_object_hash($this) . '}';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return existing connection
+     *
+     * @param string $id
+     *
+     * @return bool|SSH2 will return false if no such connection
+     */
+    static function getConnectionByResourceId($id)
+    {
+        return isset(self::$connections[$id]) ? self::$connections[$id] : false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return all excising connections
+     *
+     * @return SSH2[]
+     */
+    static function getConnections()
+    {
+        return self::$connections;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/System/SSH/Agent.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/System/SSH/Agent.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23bf027a42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/System/SSH/Agent.php
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ssh-agent client.
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * Here are some examples of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include 'vendor/autoload.php';
+ *
+ *    $agent = new \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent();
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new \phpseclib\Net\SSH2('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', $agent)) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('pwd');
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('ls -la');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * @category  System
+ * @package   SSH\Agent
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2014 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @internal  See http://api.libssh.org/rfc/PROTOCOL.agent
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\System\SSH;
+
+use ParagonIE\ConstantTime\Base64;
+use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+use phpseclib\Exception\BadConfigurationException;
+use phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent\Identity;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ssh-agent client identity factory
+ *
+ * requestIdentities() method pumps out \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent\Identity objects
+ *
+ * @package SSH\Agent
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  internal
+ */
+class Agent
+{
+    /**#@+
+     * Message numbers
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    // to request SSH1 keys you have to use SSH_AGENTC_REQUEST_RSA_IDENTITIES (1)
+    const SSH_AGENTC_REQUEST_IDENTITIES = 11;
+    // this is the SSH2 response; the SSH1 response is SSH_AGENT_RSA_IDENTITIES_ANSWER (2).
+    const SSH_AGENT_IDENTITIES_ANSWER = 12;
+    // the SSH1 request is SSH_AGENTC_RSA_CHALLENGE (3)
+    const SSH_AGENTC_SIGN_REQUEST = 13;
+    // the SSH1 response is SSH_AGENT_RSA_RESPONSE (4)
+    const SSH_AGENT_SIGN_RESPONSE = 14;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**@+
+     * Agent forwarding status
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    // no forwarding requested and not active
+    const FORWARD_NONE = 0;
+    // request agent forwarding when opportune
+    const FORWARD_REQUEST = 1;
+    // forwarding has been request and is active
+    const FORWARD_ACTIVE = 2;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * Unused
+     */
+    const SSH_AGENT_FAILURE = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Socket Resource
+     *
+     * @var resource
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $fsock;
+
+    /**
+     * Agent forwarding status
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $forward_status = self::FORWARD_NONE;
+
+    /**
+     * Buffer for accumulating forwarded authentication
+     * agent data arriving on SSH data channel destined
+     * for agent unix socket
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $socket_buffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Tracking the number of bytes we are expecting
+     * to arrive for the agent socket on the SSH data
+     * channel
+     */
+    var $expected_bytes = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor
+     *
+     * @return \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\BadConfigurationException if SSH_AUTH_SOCK cannot be found
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection errors
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __construct()
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case isset($_SERVER['SSH_AUTH_SOCK']):
+                $address = $_SERVER['SSH_AUTH_SOCK'];
+                break;
+            case isset($_ENV['SSH_AUTH_SOCK']):
+                $address = $_ENV['SSH_AUTH_SOCK'];
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new BadConfigurationException('SSH_AUTH_SOCK not found');
+        }
+
+        $this->fsock = fsockopen('unix://' . $address, 0, $errno, $errstr);
+        if (!$this->fsock) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException("Unable to connect to ssh-agent (Error $errno: $errstr)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request Identities
+     *
+     * See "2.5.2 Requesting a list of protocol 2 keys"
+     * Returns an array containing zero or more \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent\Identity objects
+     *
+     * @return array
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on receipt of unexpected packets
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function requestIdentities()
+    {
+        if (!$this->fsock) {
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('NC', 1, self::SSH_AGENTC_REQUEST_IDENTITIES);
+        if (strlen($packet) != fputs($this->fsock, $packet)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed while requesting identities');
+        }
+
+        $length = current(unpack('N', fread($this->fsock, 4)));
+        $type = ord(fread($this->fsock, 1));
+        if ($type != self::SSH_AGENT_IDENTITIES_ANSWER) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to request identities');
+        }
+
+        $identities = array();
+        $keyCount = current(unpack('N', fread($this->fsock, 4)));
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $keyCount; $i++) {
+            $length = current(unpack('N', fread($this->fsock, 4)));
+            $key_blob = fread($this->fsock, $length);
+            $key_str = 'ssh-rsa ' . Base64::encode($key_blob);
+            $length = current(unpack('N', fread($this->fsock, 4)));
+            if ($length) {
+                $key_str.= ' ' . fread($this->fsock, $length);
+            }
+            $length = current(unpack('N', substr($key_blob, 0, 4)));
+            $key_type = substr($key_blob, 4, $length);
+            switch ($key_type) {
+                case 'ssh-rsa':
+                    $key = new RSA();
+                    $key->load($key_str);
+                    break;
+                case 'ssh-dss':
+                    // not currently supported
+                    break;
+            }
+            // resources are passed by reference by default
+            if (isset($key)) {
+                $identity = new Identity($this->fsock);
+                $identity->setPublicKey($key);
+                $identity->setPublicKeyBlob($key_blob);
+                $identities[] = $identity;
+                unset($key);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $identities;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Signal that agent forwarding should
+     * be requested when a channel is opened
+     *
+     * @param Net_SSH2 $ssh
+     * @return bool
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function startSSHForwarding($ssh)
+    {
+        if ($this->forward_status == self::FORWARD_NONE) {
+            $this->forward_status = self::FORWARD_REQUEST;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request agent forwarding of remote server
+     *
+     * @param Net_SSH2 $ssh
+     * @return bool
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _request_forwarding($ssh)
+    {
+        $request_channel = $ssh->_get_open_channel();
+        if ($request_channel === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack(
+            'CNNa*C',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST,
+            $ssh->server_channels[$request_channel],
+            strlen('auth-agent-req@openssh.com'),
+            'auth-agent-req@openssh.com',
+            1
+        );
+
+        $ssh->channel_status[$request_channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        if (!$ssh->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $ssh->_get_channel_packet($request_channel);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $ssh->channel_status[$request_channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+        $this->forward_status = self::FORWARD_ACTIVE;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * On successful channel open
+     *
+     * This method is called upon successful channel
+     * open to give the SSH Agent an opportunity
+     * to take further action. i.e. request agent forwarding
+     *
+     * @param Net_SSH2 $ssh
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _on_channel_open($ssh)
+    {
+        if ($this->forward_status == self::FORWARD_REQUEST) {
+            $this->_request_forwarding($ssh);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Forward data to SSH Agent and return data reply
+     *
+     * @param string $data
+     * @return data from SSH Agent
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection errors
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _forward_data($data)
+    {
+        if ($this->expected_bytes > 0) {
+            $this->socket_buffer.= $data;
+            $this->expected_bytes -= strlen($data);
+        } else {
+            $agent_data_bytes = current(unpack('N', $data));
+            $current_data_bytes = strlen($data);
+            $this->socket_buffer = $data;
+            if ($current_data_bytes != $agent_data_bytes + 4) {
+                $this->expected_bytes = ($agent_data_bytes + 4) - $current_data_bytes;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (strlen($this->socket_buffer) != fwrite($this->fsock, $this->socket_buffer)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed attempting to forward data to SSH agent');
+        }
+
+        $this->socket_buffer = '';
+        $this->expected_bytes = 0;
+
+        $agent_reply_bytes = current(unpack('N', fread($this->fsock, 4)));
+
+        $agent_reply_data = fread($this->fsock, $agent_reply_bytes);
+        $agent_reply_data = current(unpack('a*', $agent_reply_data));
+
+        return pack('Na*', $agent_reply_bytes, $agent_reply_data);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/System/SSH/Agent/Identity.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/System/SSH/Agent/Identity.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..612c414e90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/System/SSH/Agent/Identity.php
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ssh-agent client.
+ *
+ * PHP version 5
+ *
+ * @category  System
+ * @package   SSH\Agent
+ * @author    Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright 2009 Jim Wigginton
+ * @license   http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link      http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ * @internal  See http://api.libssh.org/rfc/PROTOCOL.agent
+ */
+
+namespace phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent;
+
+use phpseclib\Crypt\RSA;
+use phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException;
+use phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent;
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ssh-agent client identity object
+ *
+ * Instantiation should only be performed by \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent class.
+ * This could be thought of as implementing an interface that phpseclib\Crypt\RSA
+ * implements. ie. maybe a Net_SSH_Auth_PublicKey interface or something.
+ * The methods in this interface would be getPublicKey and sign since those are the
+ * methods phpseclib looks for to perform public key authentication.
+ *
+ * @package SSH\Agent
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @access  internal
+ */
+class Identity
+{
+    /**
+     * Key Object
+     *
+     * @var \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA
+     * @access private
+     * @see self::getPublicKey()
+     */
+    var $key;
+
+    /**
+     * Key Blob
+     *
+     * @var string
+     * @access private
+     * @see self::sign()
+     */
+    var $key_blob;
+
+    /**
+     * Socket Resource
+     *
+     * @var resource
+     * @access private
+     * @see self::sign()
+     */
+    var $fsock;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param resource $fsock
+     * @return \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent\Identity
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function __construct($fsock)
+    {
+        $this->fsock = $fsock;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Public Key
+     *
+     * Called by \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent::requestIdentities()
+     *
+     * @param \phpseclib\Crypt\RSA $key
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function setPublicKey($key)
+    {
+        $this->key = $key;
+        $this->key->setPublicKey();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Public Key
+     *
+     * Called by \phpseclib\System\SSH\Agent::requestIdentities(). The key blob could be extracted from $this->key
+     * but this saves a small amount of computation.
+     *
+     * @param string $key_blob
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function setPublicKeyBlob($key_blob)
+    {
+        $this->key_blob = $key_blob;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get Public Key
+     *
+     * Wrapper for $this->key->getPublicKey()
+     *
+     * @param int $type optional
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getPublicKey($type = 'PKCS8')
+    {
+        return $this->key->getPublicKey($type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the hash
+     *
+     * ssh-agent only supports signatures with sha1 hashes but to maintain BC with RSA.php this function exists
+     *
+     * @param string $hash optional
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException if the algorithm is unsupported
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setHash($hash = 'sha1')
+    {
+        if ($hash != 'sha1') {
+            throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('ssh-agent can only be used with the sha1 hash');
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a signature
+     *
+     * See "2.6.2 Protocol 2 private key signature request"
+     *
+     * @param string $message
+     * @param int $padding optional
+     * @return string
+     * @throws \RuntimeException on connection errors
+     * @throws \phpseclib\Exception\UnsupportedAlgorithmException if the algorithm is unsupported
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function sign($message, $padding = RSA::PADDING_PKCS1)
+    {
+        if ($padding != RSA::PADDING_PKCS1 && $padding != RSA::PADDING_RELAXED_PKCS1) {
+            throw new UnsupportedAlgorithmException('ssh-agent can only create PKCS1 signatures');
+        }
+
+        // the last parameter (currently 0) is for flags and ssh-agent only defines one flag (for ssh-dss): SSH_AGENT_OLD_SIGNATURE
+        $packet = pack('CNa*Na*N', Agent::SSH_AGENTC_SIGN_REQUEST, strlen($this->key_blob), $this->key_blob, strlen($message), $message, 0);
+        $packet = pack('Na*', strlen($packet), $packet);
+        if (strlen($packet) != fputs($this->fsock, $packet)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Connection closed during signing');
+        }
+
+        $length = current(unpack('N', fread($this->fsock, 4)));
+        $type = ord(fread($this->fsock, 1));
+        if ($type != Agent::SSH_AGENT_SIGN_RESPONSE) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to retreive signature');
+        }
+
+        $signature_blob = fread($this->fsock, $length - 1);
+        // the only other signature format defined - ssh-dss - is the same length as ssh-rsa
+        // the + 12 is for the other various SSH added length fields
+        return substr($signature_blob, strlen('ssh-rsa') + 12);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/bootstrap.php b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/bootstrap.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd4ba0b5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/bootstrap.php
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Bootstrapping File for phpseclib
+ *
+ * composer isn't a requirement for phpseclib 2.0 but this file isn't really required
+ * either. it's a bonus for those using composer but if you're not phpseclib will
+ * still work
+ *
+ * @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html MIT License
+ */
+if (extension_loaded('mbstring')) {
+    // 2 - MB_OVERLOAD_STRING
+    if (ini_get('mbstring.func_overload') & 2) {
+        throw new UnexpectedValueException(
+            'Overloading of string functions using mbstring.func_overload ' .
+            'is not supported by phpseclib.'
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/openssl.cnf b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/openssl.cnf
index 6baa566102..2b8b52f9f7 100644
--- a/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/openssl.cnf
+++ b/plugins/OStatus/extlib/phpseclib/openssl.cnf
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 HOME			= .
 RANDFILE		= $ENV::HOME/.rnd
 
-[ v3_ca ]
\ No newline at end of file
+[ v3_ca ]