From 9541e06a1e5ff9bbb9a504c0b3b40577e2057067 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: andy <andy>
Date: Sat, 15 Jun 2002 05:40:02 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Finally fixed the flap drag issue.  Drag modifications need
 to be based on the amount of drag that the produced lift *would* have
 produced given an unflapped air surface.  A nifty trick involving the
 assumption that AoA is small works for this, and produces plausible results
 in the high AoA case as well.

Also, trim for approach using the elevator-trim control, not elevator.
Just cosmetic for current planes, but future ones might have differing
implementations of trim.
---
 src/FDM/YASim/FGFDM.cpp   |  2 +-
 src/FDM/YASim/Surface.cpp | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 src/FDM/YASim/Surface.hpp |  3 +-
 3 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/FDM/YASim/FGFDM.cpp b/src/FDM/YASim/FGFDM.cpp
index e2a38dc14..56d613679 100644
--- a/src/FDM/YASim/FGFDM.cpp
+++ b/src/FDM/YASim/FGFDM.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ FGFDM::FGFDM()
     // Map /controls/elevator to the approach elevator control.  This
     // should probably be settable, but there are very few aircraft
     // who trim their approaches using things other than elevator.
-    _airplane.setElevatorControl(parseAxis("/controls/elevator"));
+    _airplane.setElevatorControl(parseAxis("/controls/elevator-trim"));
 }
 
 FGFDM::~FGFDM()
diff --git a/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.cpp b/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.cpp
index c46fd5577..f94505078 100644
--- a/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.cpp
+++ b/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ Surface::Surface()
     _cz0 = 0;
     _peaks[0] = _peaks[1] = 1;
     int i;
-    for(i=0; i<4; i++)
-	_stalls[i] = _widths[i] = 0;
+    for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
+	_stalls[i] = 0;
+        _widths[i] = 0.01; // half a degree
+    }
     _orient[0] = 1; _orient[1] = 0; _orient[2] = 0;
     _orient[3] = 0; _orient[4] = 1; _orient[5] = 0;
     _orient[6] = 0; _orient[7] = 0; _orient[8] = 1;
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ Surface::Surface()
     _incidence = 0;
     _slatPos = _spoilerPos = _flapPos = 0;
     _slatDrag = _spoilerDrag = _flapDrag = 1;
+
     _flapLift = 0;
     _slatAlpha = 0;
     _spoilerLift = 1;
@@ -162,12 +165,12 @@ void Surface::calcForce(float* v, float rho, float* out, float* torque)
     float stallMul = stallFunc(out);
     stallMul *= 1 + _spoilerPos * (_spoilerLift - 1);
     float stallLift = (stallMul - 1) * _cz * out[2];
-    float flapLift = _cz * _flapPos * (_flapLift-1);
+    float flaplift = flapLift(out[2]);
 
     out[2] *= _cz;       // scaling factor
     out[2] += _cz*_cz0;  // zero-alpha lift
     out[2] += stallLift;
-    out[2] += flapLift;
+    out[2] += flaplift;
 
     // Airfoil lift (pre-stall and zero-alpha) torques "up" (negative
     // torque) around the Y axis, while flap lift pushes down.  Both
@@ -175,12 +178,14 @@ void Surface::calcForce(float* v, float rho, float* out, float* torque)
     // edge.  Convert to local (i.e. airplane) coordiantes and store
     // into "torque".
     torque[0] = 0;
-    torque[1] = 0.1667f * _chord * (flapLift - (_cz*_cz0 + stallLift));
+    torque[1] = 0.1667f * _chord * (flaplift - (_cz*_cz0 + stallLift));
     torque[2] = 0;
     Math::tmul33(_orient, torque, torque);
 
-    // Diddle X (drag) and Y (side force) in the same manner
-    out[0] *= _cx * controlDrag();
+    // The X (drag) force gets diddled for control deflection
+    out[0] = controlDrag(out[2], _cx * out[0]);
+
+    // Add in any specific Y (side force) coefficient.
     out[1] *= _cy;
 
     // Reverse the incidence rotation to get back to surface
@@ -236,24 +241,48 @@ float Surface::stallFunc(float* v)
     return scale*(1-frac) + frac;
 }
 
-float Surface::controlDrag()
+// Similar to the above -- interpolates out the flap lift past the
+// stall alpha
+float Surface::flapLift(float alpha)
 {
-    float d = 1;
-    d *= 1 + _spoilerPos * (_spoilerDrag - 1);
-    d *= 1 + _slatPos * (_slatDrag - 1);
+    float flapLift = _cz * _flapPos * (_flapLift-1);
+
+    if(alpha < 0) alpha = -alpha;
+    if(alpha < _stalls[0])
+        return flapLift;
+    else if(alpha > _stalls[0] + _widths[0])
+        return 1;
 
+    float frac = (alpha - _stalls[0]) / _widths[0];
+    frac = frac*frac*(3-2*frac);
+    return flapLift * (1-frac) + frac;
+}
+
+float Surface::controlDrag(float lift, float drag)
+{
     // Negative flap deflections don't affect drag until their lift
-    // multiplier exceeds the "camber" (cz0) of the surface.
+    // multiplier exceeds the "camber" (cz0) of the surface.  Use a
+    // synthesized "fp" number instead of the actual flap position.
     float fp = _flapPos;
     if(fp < 0) {
         fp = -fp;
         fp -= _cz0/(_flapLift-1);
         if(fp < 0) fp = 0;
     }
-
-    d *= 1 + fp * (_flapDrag - 1);
-
-    return d;
+    
+    // Calculate an "effective" drag -- this is the drag that would
+    // have been produced by an unflapped surface at the same lift.
+    float flapDragAoA = (_flapLift - 1 - _cz0) * _stalls[0];
+    float fd = Math::abs(lift * flapDragAoA * fp);
+    if(drag < 0) fd = -fd;
+    drag += fd;
+
+    // Now multiply by the various control factors
+    drag *= 1 + fp * (_flapDrag - 1);
+    drag *= 1 + _spoilerPos * (_spoilerDrag - 1);
+    drag *= 1 + _slatPos * (_slatDrag - 1);
+
+    return drag;
 }
 
 }; // namespace yasim
diff --git a/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.hpp b/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.hpp
index b1d81c677..d3ec43235 100644
--- a/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.hpp
+++ b/src/FDM/YASim/Surface.hpp
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ public:
 
 private:
     float stallFunc(float* v);
-    float controlDrag();
+    float flapLift(float alpha);
+    float controlDrag(float lift, float drag);
 
     float _chord;     // X-axis size
     float _c0;        // total force coefficient
-- 
2.39.5